"""
Flow query test case.

Attempts to fill switch to capacity with randomized flows, and ensure that
they all are read back correctly.
"""

# COMMON TEST PARAMETERS
#
# Name: wildcards
# Type: number
# Description:
# Overrides bitmap of supported wildcards reported by switch
# Default: none
#
# Name: wildcards_force
# Type: number
# Description:
# Bitmap of wildcards to always be set
# Default: none
#
# Name: actions
# Type: number
# Description:
# Overrides bitmap of supported actions reported by switch
# Default: none
#
# Name: actions_force
# Type: number
# Description:
# Bitmap of actions to always be used
# Default: none
#
# Name: ports
# Type: list of OF port numbers
# Description:
# Override list of OF port numbers reported by switch
# Default: none
#
# Name: queues
# Type: list of OF (port-number, queue-id) pairs
# Description:
# Override list of OF (port-number, queue-id) pairs returned by switch
# Default: none
#
# Name: vlans
# Type: list of VLAN ids
# Description:
# Override VLAN ids used in tests to given list
# Default: []
#
# Name: conservative_ordered_actions
# Type: boolean (True or False)
# Description:
# Compare flow actions lists as unordered
# Default: True


import math

import logging

import unittest
import random
import time
import copy

from oftest import config
import oftest.controller  as controller
import ofp
import oftest.dataplane   as dataplane
import oftest.action_list as action_list
import oftest.parse       as parse
import pktact
import oftest.base_tests as base_tests

from oftest.testutils import *
from time import sleep


def flip_coin():
    return random.randint(1, 100) <= 50


def shuffle(list):
    n = len(list)
    lim = n * n
    i = 0
    while i < lim:
        a = random.randint(0, n - 1)
        b = random.randint(0, n - 1)
        temp = list[a]
        list[a] = list[b]
        list[b] = temp
        i = i + 1
    return list


def rand_pick(list):
    return list[random.randint(0, len(list) - 1)]

def rand_dl_addr():
    return [random.randint(0, 255) & ~1,
            random.randint(0, 255),
            random.randint(0, 255),
            random.randint(0, 255),
            random.randint(0, 255),
            random.randint(0, 255)
            ]

def rand_nw_addr():
    return random.randint(0, (1 << 32) - 1)


class Flow_Info:
    # Members:
    # priorities - list of flow priorities
    # dl_addrs   - list of MAC addresses
    # vlans      - list of VLAN ids
    # ethertypes - list of Ethertypes
    # ip_addrs   - list of IP addresses
    # ip_tos     - list of IP TOS values
    # ip_protos  - list of IP protocols
    # l4_ports   - list of L4 ports

    def __init__(self):
        priorities = []
        dl_addrs   = []
        vlans      = []
        ethertypes = []
        ip_addrs   = []
        ip_tos     = []
        ip_protos  = []
        l4_ports   = []

    def rand(self, n):
        self.priorities = []
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.priorities.append(random.randint(1, 65534))
            i = i + 1
    
        self.dl_addrs = []
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.dl_addrs.append(rand_dl_addr())
            i = i + 1
    
        if test_param_get("vlans", []) != []:
           self.vlans = test_param_get("vlans", [])

           logging.info("Overriding VLAN ids to:")
           logging.info(self.vlans)
        else:
           self.vlans = []
           i = 0
           while i < n:
              self.vlans.append(random.randint(1, 4094))
              i = i + 1
    
        self.ethertypes = [0x0800, 0x0806]
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.ethertypes.append(random.randint(0, (1 << 16) - 1))
            i = i + 1
        self.ethertypes = shuffle(self.ethertypes)[0 : n]
    
        self.ip_addrs = []
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.ip_addrs.append(rand_nw_addr())
            i = i + 1
    
        self.ip_tos = []
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.ip_tos.append(random.randint(0, (1 << 8) - 1) & ~3)
            i = i + 1
    
        self.ip_protos = [1, 6, 17]
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.ip_protos.append(random.randint(0, (1 << 8) - 1))
            i = i + 1
        self.ip_protos = shuffle(self.ip_protos)[0 : n]
    
        self.l4_ports = []
        i = 0
        while i < n:
            self.l4_ports.append(random.randint(0, (1 << 16) - 1))
            i = i + 1

    def rand_priority(self):
        return rand_pick(self.priorities)

    def rand_dl_addr(self):
        return rand_pick(self.dl_addrs)

    def rand_vlan(self):
        return rand_pick(self.vlans)

    def rand_ethertype(self):
        return rand_pick(self.ethertypes)

    def rand_ip_addr(self):
        return rand_pick(self.ip_addrs)

    def rand_ip_tos(self):
        return rand_pick(self.ip_tos)

    def rand_ip_proto(self):
        return rand_pick(self.ip_protos)

    def rand_l4_port(self):
        return rand_pick(self.l4_ports)


# TBD - These don't belong here

all_wildcards_list = [ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT,
                      ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST,
                      ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC,
                      ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN,
                      ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP,
                      ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE,
                      ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS,
                      ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO,
                      ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK,
                      ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK,
                      ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC,
                      ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST
                      ]

# TBD - Need this because there are duplicates in ofp.ofp_flow_wildcards_map
# -- FIX
all_wildcard_names = {
    1                               : 'OFPFW_IN_PORT',
    2                               : 'OFPFW_DL_VLAN',
    4                               : 'OFPFW_DL_SRC',
    8                               : 'OFPFW_DL_DST',
    16                              : 'OFPFW_DL_TYPE',
    32                              : 'OFPFW_NW_PROTO',
    64                              : 'OFPFW_TP_SRC',
    128                             : 'OFPFW_TP_DST',
    1048576                         : 'OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP',
    2097152                         : 'OFPFW_NW_TOS'
}

def wildcard_set(x, w, val):
    result = x
    if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK:
        result = (result & ~ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK) \
                 | (val << ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_SHIFT)
    elif w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK:
        result = (result & ~ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK) \
                 | (val << ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_SHIFT)
    elif val == 0:
        result = result & ~w
    else:
        result = result | w
    return result

def wildcard_get(x, w):
    if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK:
        return (x & ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK) >> ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_SHIFT
    if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK:
        return (x & ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK) >> ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_SHIFT
    return 1 if (x & w) != 0 else 0

def wildcards_to_str(wildcards):
    result = "{"
    sep = ""
    for w in all_wildcards_list:
        if (wildcards & w) == 0:
            continue
        if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK:
            n = wildcard_get(wildcards, w)
            if n > 0:
                result = result + sep + ("OFPFW_NW_SRC(%d)" % (n))
        elif w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK:
            n = wildcard_get(wildcards, w)
            if n > 0:
                result = result + sep + ("OFPFW_NW_DST(%d)" % (n))
        else:
            result = result + sep + all_wildcard_names[w]
        sep = ", "
    result = result +"}"
    return result

all_actions_list = [ofp.OFPAT_OUTPUT,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP,
                    ofp.OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_SRC,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_DST,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_SRC,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_DST,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_TOS,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_SRC,
                    ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_DST,
                    ofp.OFPAT_ENQUEUE
                    ]

def actions_bmap_to_str(bm):
    result = "{"
    sep    = ""
    for a in all_actions_list:
        if ((1 << a) & bm) != 0:
            result = result + sep + ofp.ofp_action_type_map[a]
            sep = ", "
    result = result + "}"
    return result

def dl_addr_to_str(a):
    return "%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x" % tuple(a)

def ip_addr_to_str(a, n):
    if n is not None:
        a = a & ~((1 << (32 - n)) - 1)
    result = "%d.%d.%d.%d" % (a >> 24, \
                              (a >> 16) & 0xff, \
                              (a >> 8) & 0xff, \
                              a & 0xff \
                              )
    if n is not None:
        result = result + ("/%d" % (n))
    return result
    

class Flow_Cfg:
    # Members:
    # - match
    # - idle_timeout
    # - hard_timeout
    # - priority
    # - action_list

    def __init__(self):
        self.priority        = 0
        self.match           = ofp.ofp_match()
        self.match.wildcards = ofp.OFPFW_ALL
        self.idle_timeout    = 0
        self.hard_timeout    = 0
        self.actions         = action_list.action_list()

    # {pri, match} is considered a flow key
    def key_equal(self, x):
        if self.priority != x.priority:
            return False
        # TBD - Should this logic be moved to ofp_match.__eq__()?
        if self.match.wildcards != x.match.wildcards:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0 \
           and self.match.in_port != x.match.in_port:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST) == 0 \
           and self.match.dl_dst != x.match.dl_dst:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC) == 0 \
           and self.match.dl_src != x.match.dl_src:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) == 0 \
           and self.match.dl_vlan != x.match.dl_vlan:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP) == 0 \
           and self.match.dl_vlan_pcp != x.match.dl_vlan_pcp:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) == 0 \
           and self.match.dl_type != x.match.dl_type:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS) == 0 \
           and self.match.nw_tos != x.match.nw_tos:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) == 0 \
           and self.match.nw_proto != x.match.nw_proto:
            return False
        n = wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK)
        if n < 32:
            m = ~((1 << n) - 1)
            if (self.match.nw_src & m) != (x.match.nw_src & m):
                return False
        n = wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK)
        if n < 32:
            m = ~((1 << n) - 1)
            if (self.match.nw_dst & m) != (x.match.nw_dst & m):
                return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC) == 0 \
               and self.match.tp_src != x.match.tp_src:
            return False
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST) == 0 \
               and self.match.tp_dst != x.match.tp_dst:
            return False
        return True

    def actions_equal(self, x):
        if test_param_get("conservative_ordered_actions", True):
            # Compare actions lists as unordered
            
            aa = copy.deepcopy(x.actions.actions)
            for a in self.actions.actions:
                i = 0
                while i < len(aa):
                    if a == aa[i]:
                        break
                    i = i + 1
                if i < len(aa):
                    aa.pop(i)
                else:
                    return False
            return aa == []
        else:
            return self.actions == x.actions

    def non_key_equal(self, x):
        if self.cookie != x.cookie:
            return False
        if self.idle_timeout != x.idle_timeout:
            return False
        if self.hard_timeout != x.hard_timeout:
            return False
        return self.actions_equal(x)
        
    def key_str(self):
        result = "priority=%d" % self.priority
        # TBD - Would be nice if ofp_match.show() was better behaved
        # (no newlines), and more intuitive (things in hex where approprate), etc.
        result = result + (", wildcards=0x%x=%s" \
                           % (self.match.wildcards, \
                              wildcards_to_str(self.match.wildcards) \
                              )
                           )
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0:
            result = result + (", in_port=%d" % (self.match.in_port))
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST) == 0:
            result = result + (", dl_dst=%s" \
                               % (dl_addr_to_str(self.match.dl_dst)) \
                               )
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC) == 0:
            result = result + (", dl_src=%s" \
                               % (dl_addr_to_str(self.match.dl_src)) \
                               )
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) == 0:
            result = result + (", dl_vlan=%d" % (self.match.dl_vlan))
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP) == 0:
            result = result + (", dl_vlan_pcp=%d" % (self.match.dl_vlan_pcp))
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) == 0:
            result = result + (", dl_type=0x%x" % (self.match.dl_type))
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS) == 0:
            result = result + (", nw_tos=0x%x" % (self.match.nw_tos))
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) == 0:
            result = result + (", nw_proto=%d" % (self.match.nw_proto))
        n = wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK)
        if n < 32:
            result = result + (", nw_src=%s" % \
                               (ip_addr_to_str(self.match.nw_src, 32 - n)) \
                               )
        n = wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK)
        if n < 32:
            result = result + (", nw_dst=%s" % \
                               (ip_addr_to_str(self.match.nw_dst, 32 - n)) \
                               )
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC) == 0:
            result = result + (", tp_src=%d" % self.match.tp_src)
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST) == 0:
            result = result + (", tp_dst=%d" % self.match.tp_dst)
        return result

    def __eq__(self, x):
        return (self.key_equal(x) and self.non_key_equal(x))

    def __str__(self):
        result = self.key_str()
        result = result + (", cookie=%d" % self.cookie)
        result = result + (", idle_timeout=%d" % self.idle_timeout)
        result = result + (", hard_timeout=%d" % self.hard_timeout)
        for a in self.actions.actions:
            result = result + (", action=%s" % ofp.ofp_action_type_map[a.type])
            if a.type == ofp.OFPAT_OUTPUT:
                result = result + ("(%d)" % (a.port))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID:
                result = result + ("(%d)" % (a.vlan_vid))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP:
                result = result + ("(%d)" % (a.vlan_pcp))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_SRC or a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_DST:
                result = result + ("(%s)" % (dl_addr_to_str(a.dl_addr)))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_SRC or a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_DST:
                result = result + ("(%s)" % (ip_addr_to_str(a.nw_addr, None)))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_TOS:
                result = result + ("(0x%x)" % (a.nw_tos))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_SRC or a.type == ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_DST:
                result = result + ("(%d)" % (a.tp_port))
            elif a.type == ofp.OFPAT_ENQUEUE:
                result = result + ("(port=%d,queue=%d)" % (a.port, a.queue_id))
        return result

    def rand_actions_ordered(self, fi, valid_actions, valid_ports, valid_queues):
        # Action lists are ordered, so pick an ordered random subset of
        # supported actions

        actions_force = test_param_get("actions_force", 0)
        if actions_force != 0:
            logging.info("Forced actions:")
            logging.info(actions_bmap_to_str(actions_force))

        ACTION_MAX_LEN = 65535 # @fixme Should be test param?
        supported_actions = []
        for a in all_actions_list:
            if ((1 << a) & valid_actions) != 0:
                supported_actions.append(a)

        actions \
            = shuffle(supported_actions)[0 : random.randint(1, len(supported_actions))]

        for a in all_actions_list:
            if ((1 << a) & actions_force) != 0:
                actions.append(a)

        actions = shuffle(actions)

        set_vlanf   = False
        strip_vlanf = False
        self.actions = action_list.action_list()
        for a in actions:
            act = None
            if a == ofp.OFPAT_OUTPUT:
                pass                    # OUTPUT actions must come last
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID:
               if not strip_vlanf:
                  act = ofp.action.set_vlan_vid()
                  act.vlan_vid = fi.rand_vlan()
                  set_vlanf = True
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP:
               if not strip_vlanf:
                  act = ofp.action.set_vlan_pcp()
                  act.vlan_pcp = random.randint(0, (1 << 3) - 1)
                  set_vlanf = True
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN:
               if not set_vlanf:
                  act = ofp.action.strip_vlan()
                  strip_vlanf = True
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_SRC:
                act = ofp.action.set_dl_src()
                act.dl_addr = fi.rand_dl_addr()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_DST:
                act = ofp.action.set_dl_dst()
                act.dl_addr = fi.rand_dl_addr()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_SRC:
                act = ofp.action.set_nw_src()
                act.nw_addr = fi.rand_ip_addr()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_DST:
                act = ofp.action.set_nw_dst()
                act.nw_addr = fi.rand_ip_addr()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_TOS:
                act = ofp.action.set_nw_tos()
                act.nw_tos = fi.rand_ip_tos()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_SRC:
                act = ofp.action.set_tp_src()
                act.tp_port = fi.rand_l4_port()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_DST:
                act = ofp.action.set_tp_dst()
                act.tp_port = fi.rand_l4_port()
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_ENQUEUE:
                pass                    # Enqueue actions must come last
            if act:
                self.actions.append(act)
                
        p = random.randint(1, 100)
        if (((1 << ofp.OFPAT_ENQUEUE) & actions_force) != 0 or p <= 33) \
           and len(valid_queues) > 0 \
           and ofp.OFPAT_ENQUEUE in actions:
            # In not forecd, one third of the time, include ENQUEUE actions
            # at end of list
            # At most 1 ENQUEUE action
            act = ofp.action.enqueue()
            (act.port, act.queue_id) = rand_pick(valid_queues)
            self.actions.append(act)
        if (((1 << ofp.OFPAT_OUTPUT) & actions_force) != 0 \
            or (p > 33 and p <= 66) \
            ) \
            and len(valid_ports) > 0 \
            and ofp.OFPAT_OUTPUT in actions:
            # One third of the time, include OUTPUT actions at end of list
            port_idxs = shuffle(range(len(valid_ports)))
            # Only 1 output action allowed if IN_PORT wildcarded
            n = 1 if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) != 0 \
                else random.randint(1, len(valid_ports))
            port_idxs = port_idxs[0 : n]
            for pi in port_idxs:
                act = ofp.action.output()
                act.port = valid_ports[pi]
                if act.port != ofp.OFPP_IN_PORT \
                   or wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0:
                    # OUTPUT(IN_PORT) only valid if OFPFW_IN_PORT not wildcarded
                    self.actions.append(act)
        else:
            # One third of the time, include neither
            pass


    # Randomize flow data for flow modifies (i.e. cookie and actions)
    def rand_mod(self, fi, valid_actions, valid_ports, valid_queues):
        self.cookie = random.randint(0, (1 << 53) - 1)

        # By default, test with conservative ordering conventions
        # This should probably be indicated in a profile
        if test_param_get("conservative_ordered_actions", True):
            self.rand_actions_ordered(fi, valid_actions, valid_ports, valid_queues)
            return self

        actions_force = test_param_get("actions_force", 0)
        if actions_force != 0:
            logging.info("Forced actions:")
            logging.info(actions_bmap_to_str(actions_force))

        ACTION_MAX_LEN = 65535 # @fixme Should be test param?
        supported_actions = []
        for a in all_actions_list:
            if ((1 << a) & valid_actions) != 0:
                supported_actions.append(a)

        actions \
            = shuffle(supported_actions)[0 : random.randint(1, len(supported_actions))]

        for a in all_actions_list:
            if ((1 << a) & actions_force) != 0:
                actions.append(a)

        actions = shuffle(actions)

        self.actions = action_list.action_list()
        for a in actions:
            if a == ofp.OFPAT_OUTPUT:
                # TBD - Output actions are clustered in list, spread them out?
                if len(valid_ports) == 0:
                    continue
                port_idxs = shuffle(range(len(valid_ports)))
                port_idxs = port_idxs[0 : random.randint(1, len(valid_ports))]
                for pi in port_idxs:
                    act = ofp.action.output()
                    act.port = valid_ports[pi]
                    self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID:
                act = ofp.action.set_vlan_vid()
                act.vlan_vid = fi.rand_vlan()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP:
                act = ofp.action.set_vlan_pcp()
                act.vlan_pcp = random.randint(0, (1 << 3) - 1)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN:
                act = ofp.action.strip_vlan()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_SRC:
                act = ofp.action.set_dl_src()
                act.dl_addr = fi.rand_dl_addr()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_DL_DST:
                act = ofp.action.set_dl_dst()
                act.dl_addr = fi.rand_dl_addr()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_SRC:
                act = ofp.action.set_nw_src()
                act.nw_addr = fi.rand_ip_addr()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_DST:
                act = ofp.action.set_nw_dst()
                act.nw_addr = fi.rand_ip_addr()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_NW_TOS:
                act = ofp.action.set_nw_tos()
                act.nw_tos = fi.rand_ip_tos()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_SRC:
                act = ofp.action.set_tp_src()
                act.tp_port = fi.rand_l4_port()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_SET_TP_DST:
                act = ofp.action.set_tp_dst()
                act.tp_port = fi.rand_l4_port()
                self.actions.append(act)
            elif a == ofp.OFPAT_ENQUEUE:
                # TBD - Enqueue actions are clustered in list, spread them out?
                if len(valid_queues) == 0:
                    continue
                qidxs = shuffle(range(len(valid_queues)))
                qidxs = qidxs[0 : random.randint(1, len(valid_queues))]
                for qi in qidxs:
                    act = ofp.action.enqueue()
                    (act.port, act.queue_id) = valid_queues[qi]
                    self.actions.append(act)

        return self

    # Randomize flow cfg
    def rand(self, fi, wildcards_force, valid_wildcards, valid_actions, valid_ports,
             valid_queues):
        if wildcards_force != 0:
            logging.info("Wildcards forced:")
            logging.info(wildcards_to_str(wildcards_force))
        
        # Start with no wildcards, i.e. everything specified
        self.match.wildcards = 0

        if wildcards_force != 0:
            exact = False
        else:
            # Make approx. 5% of flows exact
            exact = (random.randint(1, 100) <= 5)

        # For each qualifier Q,
        #   if (wildcarding is not supported for Q,
        #       or an exact flow is specified
        #       or a coin toss comes up heads), 
        #      specify Q
        #   else
        #      wildcard Q

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.in_port = rand_pick(valid_ports)
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT, \
                                                1 \
                                                )
            
        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.dl_dst = fi.rand_dl_addr()
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.dl_src = fi.rand_dl_addr()
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.dl_vlan = fi.rand_vlan()
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.dl_vlan_pcp = random.randint(0, (1 << 3) - 1)
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.dl_type = fi.rand_ethertype()
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        n = wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK)
        if n == 0:
            if exact or flip_coin():
                n = 0
            else:
                n = wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK)
                if n > 32:
                    n = 32
                n = random.randint(0, n)
        self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                            ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK, \
                                            n \
                                            )
        if n < 32:
            self.match.nw_src    = fi.rand_ip_addr() & ~((1 << n) - 1)
            # Specifying any IP address match other than all bits
            # don't care requires that Ethertype is one of {IP, ARP}
            if flip_coin():
                self.match.dl_type   = rand_pick([0x0800, 0x0806])
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )

        n = wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK)
        if n == 0:
            if exact or flip_coin():
                n = 0
            else:
                n = wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK)
                if n > 32:
                    n = 32
                n = random.randint(0, n)
        self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                            ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK, \
                                            n \
                                            )
        if n < 32:
            self.match.nw_dst    = fi.rand_ip_addr() & ~((1 << n) - 1)
            # Specifying any IP address match other than all bits
            # don't care requires that Ethertype is one of {IP, ARP}
            if flip_coin():
                self.match.dl_type   = rand_pick([0x0800, 0x0806])
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.nw_tos = fi.rand_ip_tos()
            # Specifying a TOS value requires that Ethertype is IP
            if flip_coin():
                self.match.dl_type   = 0x0800
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        # Known issue on OVS with specifying nw_proto w/o dl_type as IP
        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.nw_proto = fi.rand_ip_proto()
            # Specifying an IP protocol requires that Ethertype is IP
            if flip_coin():
                self.match.dl_type   = 0x0800
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )
        else:            
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC) == 0 \
                    or exact\
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.tp_src = fi.rand_l4_port()
            # Specifying a L4 port requires that IP protcol is
            # one of {ICMP, TCP, UDP}
            if flip_coin():
                self.match.nw_proto = rand_pick([1, 6, 17])
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )
                # Specifying a L4 port requirues that Ethertype is IP
                self.match.dl_type   = 0x0800
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )
                if self.match.nw_proto == 1:
                    self.match.tp_src = self.match.tp_src & 0xff
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        if wildcard_get(wildcards_force, ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST) == 0 \
               and (wildcard_get(valid_wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST) == 0 \
                    or exact \
                    or flip_coin() \
                    ):
            self.match.tp_dst = fi.rand_l4_port()
            # Specifying a L4 port requires that IP protcol is
            # one of {ICMP, TCP, UDP}
            if flip_coin():
                self.match.nw_proto = rand_pick([1, 6, 17])
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )
                # Specifying a L4 port requirues that Ethertype is IP
                self.match.dl_type   = 0x0800
                self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                    ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE, \
                                                    0 \
                                                    )
                if self.match.nw_proto == 1:
                    self.match.tp_dst = self.match.tp_dst & 0xff
        else:
            self.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(self.match.wildcards, \
                                                ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST, \
                                                1 \
                                                )

        # If nothing is wildcarded, it is an exact flow spec -- some switches
        # (Open vSwitch, for one) *require* that exact flow specs
        # have priority 65535.
        self.priority = 65535 if self.match.wildcards == 0 \
                        else fi.rand_priority()

        # N.B. Don't make the timeout too short, else the flow might
        # disappear before we get a chance to check for it.
        t = random.randint(0, 65535)
        self.idle_timeout = 0 if t < 60 else t
        t = random.randint(0, 65535)
        self.hard_timeout = 0 if t < 60 else t

        self.rand_mod(fi, valid_actions, valid_ports, valid_queues)

        return self

    # Return flow cfg in canonical form
    # - There are dependencies between flow qualifiers, e.g. it only makes
    #   sense to qualify nw_proto if dl_type is qualified to be 0x0800 (IP).
    #   The canonical form of flow match criteria will "wildcard out"
    #   all such cases.
    def canonical(self):
        result = copy.deepcopy(self)
        
        if wildcard_get(result.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) != 0:
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )

        if wildcard_get(result.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) != 0 \
               or result.match.dl_type not in [0x0800, 0x0806]:
            # dl_tyoe is wildcarded, or specified as something other
            # than IP or ARP
            # => nw_src, nw_dst, nw_proto cannot be specified,
            # must be wildcarded
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK, \
                                                  32 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK, \
                                                  32 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )

        if wildcard_get(result.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) != 0 \
               or result.match.dl_type != 0x0800:
            # dl_type is wildcarded, or specified as something other than IP
            # => nw_tos, tp_src and tp_dst cannot be specified,
            #    must be wildcarded
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK, \
                                                  32 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK, \
                                                  32 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )
            
        if wildcard_get(result.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) != 0 \
               or result.match.nw_proto not in [1, 6, 17]:
            # nw_proto is wildcarded, or specified as something other than ICMP,
            # TCP or UDP
            # => tp_src and tp_dst cannot be specified, must be wildcarded
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )
            result.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(result.match.wildcards, \
                                                  ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST, \
                                                  1 \
                                                  )
        return result

    # Overlap check
    # delf == True <=> Check for delete overlap, else add overlap
    # "Add overlap" is defined as there exists a packet that could match both the
    # receiver and argument flowspecs
    # "Delete overlap" is defined as the specificity of the argument flowspec
    # is greater than or equal to the specificity of the receiver flowspec
    def overlaps(self, x, delf):
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_IN_PORT) == 0:
                if self.match.in_port != x.match.in_port:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN) == 0:
                if self.match.dl_vlan != x.match.dl_vlan:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_SRC) == 0:
                if self.match.dl_src != x.match.dl_src:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_DST) == 0:
                if self.match.dl_dst != x.match.dl_dst:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_TYPE) == 0:
                if self.match.dl_type != x.match.dl_type:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Recevier more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_PROTO) == 0:
                if self.match.nw_proto != x.match.nw_proto:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_SRC) == 0:
                if self.match.tp_src != x.match.tp_src:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_TP_DST) == 0:
                if self.match.tp_dst != x.match.tp_dst:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        na = wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK)
        nb = wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK)
        if delf and na < nb:
            return False                # Receiver more specific
        if (na < 32 and nb < 32):
            m = ~((1 << na) - 1) & ~((1 << nb) - 1)
            if (self.match.nw_src & m) != (x.match.nw_src & m):
                return False            # Overlapping bits not equal
        na = wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK)
        nb = wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK)
        if delf and na < nb:
            return False                # Receiver more specific
        if (na < 32 and nb < 32):
            m = ~((1 << na) - 1) & ~((1 << nb) - 1)
            if (self.match.nw_dst & m) != (x.match.nw_dst & m):
                return False            # Overlapping bits not equal
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_DL_VLAN_PCP) == 0:
                if self.match.dl_vlan_pcp != x.match.dl_vlan_pcp:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        if wildcard_get(self.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS) == 0:
            if wildcard_get(x.match.wildcards, ofp.OFPFW_NW_TOS) == 0:
                if self.match.nw_tos != x.match.nw_tos:
                    return False        # Both specified, and not equal
            elif delf:
                return False            # Receiver more specific
        return True                     # Flows overlap

    def to_flow_mod_msg(self, msg):
        msg.match        = self.match
        msg.cookie       = self.cookie
        msg.idle_timeout = self.idle_timeout
        msg.hard_timeout = self.hard_timeout
        msg.priority     = self.priority
        msg.actions      = self.actions
        return msg

    def from_flow_stat(self, msg):
        self.match        = msg.match
        self.cookie       = msg.cookie
        self.idle_timeout = msg.idle_timeout
        self.hard_timeout = msg.hard_timeout
        self.priority     = msg.priority
        self.actions      = msg.actions

    def from_flow_rem(self, msg):
        self.match        = msg.match
        self.idle_timeout = msg.idle_timeout
        self.priority     = msg.priority


class Flow_Tbl:
    def clear(self):
        self.dict = {}

    def __init__(self):
        self.clear()

    def find(self, f):
        return self.dict.get(f.key_str(), None)

    def insert(self, f):
        self.dict[f.key_str()] = f

    def delete(self, f):
        del self.dict[f.key_str()]

    def values(self):
        return self.dict.values()

    def count(self):
        return len(self.dict)

    def rand(self, wildcards_force, sw, fi, num_flows):
        self.clear()
        i = 0
        tbl = 0
        j = 0
        while i < num_flows:
            fc = Flow_Cfg()
            fc.rand(fi, \
                    wildcards_force, \
                    sw.tbl_stats.stats[tbl].wildcards, \
                    sw.sw_features.actions, \
                    sw.valid_ports, \
                    sw.valid_queues \
                    )
            fc = fc.canonical()
            if self.find(fc):
                continue
            fc.send_rem = False
            self.insert(fc)
            i = i + 1
            j = j + 1
            if j >= sw.tbl_stats.stats[tbl].max_entries:
                tbl = tbl + 1
                j = 0


class Switch:
    # Members:
    # controller   - switch's test controller
    # sw_features  - switch's OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY message
    # valid_ports  - list of valid port numbers
    # valid_queues - list of valid [port, queue] pairs
    # tbl_stats    - switch's OFPT_STATS_REPLY message, for table stats request
    # queue_stats  - switch's OFPT_STATS_REPLY message, for queue stats request
    # flow_stats   - switch's OFPT_STATS_REPLY message, for flow stats request
    # flow_tbl     - (test's idea of) switch's flow table

    def __init__(self):
        self.controller   = None
        self.sw_features  = None
        self.valid_ports  = []
        self.valid_queues = []
        self.tbl_stats    = None
        self.flow_stats   = None
        self.flow_tbl     = Flow_Tbl()
        self.error_msgs   = []
        self.removed_msgs = []

    def error_handler(self, controller, msg, rawmsg):
        logging.info("Got an ERROR message, type=%d, code=%d" \
                          % (msg.type, msg.code) \
                          )
        logging.info("Message header:")
        logging.info(msg.header.show())
        self.error_msgs.append(msg)

    def removed_handler(self, controller, msg, rawmsg):
        logging.info("Got a REMOVED message")
        logging.info("Message header:")
        logging.info(msg.header.show())
        self.removed_msgs.append(msg)

    def controller_set(self, controller):
        self.controller = controller
        # Register error message handler
        self.error_msgs = []
        self.removed_msgs = []
        controller.register(ofp.OFPT_ERROR, self.error_handler)
        controller.register(ofp.OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED, self.removed_handler)

    def features_get(self):
        # Get switch features
        request = ofp.message.features_request()
        (self.sw_features, pkt) = self.controller.transact(request)
        if self.sw_features is None:
            logging.error("Get switch features failed")
            return False
        self.valid_ports = map(lambda x: x.port_no, self.sw_features.ports)
        logging.info("Ports reported by switch:")
        logging.info(self.valid_ports)
        ports_override = test_param_get("ports", [])
        if ports_override != []:
            logging.info("Overriding ports to:")
            logging.info(ports_override)
            self.valid_ports = ports_override
        
        # TBD - OFPP_LOCAL is returned by OVS is switch features --
        # is that universal?

        # TBD - There seems to be variability in which switches support which
        # ports; need to sort that out
        # TBD - Is it legal to enqueue to a special port?  Depends on switch?
#         self.valid_ports.extend([ofp.OFPP_IN_PORT, \
#                                  ofp.OFPP_NORMAL, \
#                                  ofp.OFPP_FLOOD, \
#                                  ofp.OFPP_ALL, \
#                                  ofp.OFPP_CONTROLLER \
#                                  ] \
#                                 )
        logging.info("Supported actions reported by switch:")
        logging.info("0x%x=%s" \
                       % (self.sw_features.actions, \
                          actions_bmap_to_str(self.sw_features.actions) \
                          ) \
                       )
        actions_override = test_param_get("actions", -1)
        if actions_override != -1:
            logging.info("Overriding supported actions to:")
            logging.info(actions_bmap_to_str(actions_override))
            self.sw_features.actions = actions_override
        return True

    def tbl_stats_get(self):
        # Get table stats
        request = ofp.message.table_stats_request()
        (self.tbl_stats, pkt) = self.controller.transact(request)
        if self.tbl_stats is None:
            logging.error("Get table stats failed")
            return False
        i = 0
        for ts in self.tbl_stats.stats:
            logging.info("Supported wildcards for table %d reported by switch:"
                           % (i)
                           )
            logging.info("0x%x=%s" \
                           % (ts.wildcards, \
                              wildcards_to_str(ts.wildcards) \
                              ) \
                           )
            wildcards_override = test_param_get("wildcards", -1)
            if wildcards_override != -1:
                logging.info("Overriding supported wildcards for table %d to:"
                               % (i)
                               )
                logging.info(wildcards_to_str(wildcards_override))
                ts.wildcards = wildcards_override
            i = i + 1
        return True

    def queue_stats_get(self):
        # Get queue stats
        request = ofp.message.queue_stats_request()
        request.port_no  = ofp.OFPP_ALL
        request.queue_id = ofp.OFPQ_ALL
        (self.queue_stats, pkt) = self.controller.transact(request)
        if self.queue_stats is None:
            logging.error("Get queue stats failed")
            return False
        self.valid_queues = map(lambda x: (x.port_no, x.queue_id), \
                                self.queue_stats.stats \
                                )
        logging.info("(Port, queue) pairs reported by switch:")
        logging.info(self.valid_queues)
        queues_override = test_param_get("queues", [])
        if queues_override != []:
            logging.info("Overriding (port, queue) pairs to:")
            logging.info(queues_override)
            self.valid_queues = queues_override
        return True

    def connect(self, controller):
        # Connect to controller, and get all switch capabilities
        self.controller_set(controller)
        return (self.features_get() \
                and self.tbl_stats_get() \
                and self.queue_stats_get() \
                )

    def flow_stats_get(self, limit = 10000):
        request = ofp.message.flow_stats_request()
        query_match           = ofp.ofp_match()
        query_match.wildcards = ofp.OFPFW_ALL
        request.match    = query_match
        request.table_id = 0xff
        request.out_port = ofp.OFPP_NONE;
        self.controller.message_send(request)
        # <TBD>
        # Glue together successive reponse messages for stats reply.
        # Looking at the "more" flag and performing re-assembly
        # should be a part of the infrastructure.
        # </TBD>
        n = 0
        while True:
            (resp, pkt) = self.controller.poll(ofp.OFPT_STATS_REPLY)
            if resp is None:
                return False            # Did not get expected response
            if n == 0:
                self.flow_stats = resp
            else:
                self.flow_stats.stats.extend(resp.stats)
            n = n + 1
            if len(self.flow_stats.stats) > limit:
                logging.error("Too many flows returned")
                return False
            if (resp.flags & 1) == 0:
                break                   # No more responses expected
        return (n > 0)

    def flow_add(self, flow_cfg, overlapf = False):
        flow_mod_msg = ofp.message.flow_mod()
        flow_mod_msg.command     = ofp.OFPFC_ADD
        flow_mod_msg.buffer_id   = 0xffffffff
        flow_cfg.to_flow_mod_msg(flow_mod_msg)
        if overlapf:
            flow_mod_msg.flags = flow_mod_msg.flags | ofp.OFPFF_CHECK_OVERLAP
        if flow_cfg.send_rem:
            flow_mod_msg.flags = flow_mod_msg.flags | ofp.OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM
        flow_mod_msg.header.xid = random.randrange(1,0xffffffff)
        logging.info("Sending flow_mod(add), xid=%d"
                        % (flow_mod_msg.header.xid)
                        )
        self.controller.message_send(flow_mod_msg)
        return True

    def flow_mod(self, flow_cfg, strictf):
        flow_mod_msg = ofp.message.flow_mod()
        flow_mod_msg.command     = ofp.OFPFC_MODIFY_STRICT if strictf \
                                   else ofp.OFPFC_MODIFY
        flow_mod_msg.buffer_id   = 0xffffffff
        flow_cfg.to_flow_mod_msg(flow_mod_msg)
        flow_mod_msg.header.xid = random.randrange(1,0xffffffff)
        logging.info("Sending flow_mod(mod), xid=%d"
                        % (flow_mod_msg.header.xid)
                        )
        self.controller.message_send(flow_mod_msg)
        return True

    def flow_del(self, flow_cfg, strictf):
        flow_mod_msg = ofp.message.flow_mod()
        flow_mod_msg.command     = ofp.OFPFC_DELETE_STRICT if strictf \
                                   else ofp.OFPFC_DELETE
        flow_mod_msg.buffer_id   = 0xffffffff
        # TBD - "out_port" filtering of deletes needs to be tested
        flow_mod_msg.out_port    = ofp.OFPP_NONE
        flow_cfg.to_flow_mod_msg(flow_mod_msg)
        flow_mod_msg.header.xid = random.randrange(1,0xffffffff)
        logging.info("Sending flow_mod(del), xid=%d"
                        % (flow_mod_msg.header.xid)
                        )
        self.controller.message_send(flow_mod_msg)
        return True

    def barrier(self):
        barrier = ofp.message.barrier_request()
        (resp, pkt) = self.controller.transact(barrier, 30)
        return (resp is not None)

    def errors_verify(self, num_exp, type = 0, code = 0):
        result = True
        logging.info("Expecting %d error messages" % (num_exp))
        num_got = len(self.error_msgs)
        logging.info("Got %d error messages" % (num_got))
        if num_got != num_exp:
            logging.error("Incorrect number of error messages received")
            result = False
        if num_exp == 0:
            return result
        elif num_exp == 1:
            logging.info("Expecting error message, type=%d, code=%d" \
                            % (type, code) \
                            )
            f = False
            for e in self.error_msgs:
                if e.type == type and e.code == code:
                    logging.info("Got it")
                    f = True
            if not f:
                logging.error("Did not get it")
                result = False
        else:
            logging.error("Can't expect more than 1 error message type")
            result = False
        return result

    def removed_verify(self, num_exp):
        result = True
        logging.info("Expecting %d removed messages" % (num_exp))
        num_got = len(self.removed_msgs)
        logging.info("Got %d removed messages" % (num_got))
        if num_got != num_exp:
            logging.error("Incorrect number of removed messages received")
            result = False
        if num_exp < 2:
            return result
        logging.error("Can't expect more than 1 error message type")
        return False

    # modf == True <=> Verify for flow modify, else for add/delete
    def flow_tbl_verify(self, modf = False):
        result = True
    
        # Verify flow count in switch
        logging.info("Reading table stats")
        logging.info("Expecting %d flows" % (self.flow_tbl.count()))
        if not self.tbl_stats_get():
            logging.error("Get table stats failed")
            return False
        n = 0
        for ts in self.tbl_stats.stats:
            n = n + ts.active_count
        logging.info("Table stats reported %d active flows" \
                          % (n) \
                          )
        if n != self.flow_tbl.count():
            logging.error("Incorrect number of active flows reported")
            result = False
    
        # Read flows from switch
        logging.info("Retrieving flows from switch")
        logging.info("Expecting %d flows" % (self.flow_tbl.count()))
        if not self.flow_stats_get():
            logging.error("Get flow stats failed")
            return False
        logging.info("Retrieved %d flows" % (len(self.flow_stats.stats)))
    
        # Verify flows returned by switch
    
        if len(self.flow_stats.stats) != self.flow_tbl.count():
            logging.error("Switch reported incorrect number of flows")
            result = False
    
        logging.info("Verifying received flows")
        for fc in self.flow_tbl.values():
            fc.matched = False
        for fs in self.flow_stats.stats:
            flow_in = Flow_Cfg()
            flow_in.from_flow_stat(fs)
            logging.info("Received flow:")
            logging.info(str(flow_in))
            fc = self.flow_tbl.find(flow_in)
            if fc is None:
                logging.error("Received flow:")
                logging.error(str(flow_in))
                logging.error("does not match any defined flow")
                result = False
            elif fc.matched:
                logging.error("Received flow:")
                logging.error(str(flow_in))
                logging.error("re-matches defined flow:")
                logging.info(str(fc))
                result = False
            else:
                logging.info("matched")
                if modf:
                    # Check for modify
                    
                    if flow_in.cookie != fc.cookie:
                        logging.warning("Defined flow:")
                        logging.warning(str(fc))
                        logging.warning("Received flow:")
                        logging.warning(str(flow_in))
                        logging.warning("cookies do not match")
                    if not flow_in.actions_equal(fc):
                        logging.error("Defined flow:")
                        logging.error(str(fc))
                        logging.error("Received flow:")
                        logging.error(str(flow_in))
                        logging.error("actions do not match")
                else:
                    # Check for add/delete
                    
                    if not flow_in == fc:
                        logging.error("Defined flow:")
                        logging.error(str(fc))
                        logging.error("Received flow:")
                        logging.error(str(flow_in))
                        logging.error("non-key portions of flow do not match")
                        result = False
                fc.matched = True
        for fc in self.flow_tbl.values():
            if not fc.matched:
                logging.error("Defined flow:")
                logging.error(str(fc))
                logging.error("was not returned by switch")
                result = False
    
        return result

    def settle(self):
        time.sleep(2)

# FLOW ADD 5
#
# OVERVIEW
# Add flows to switch, read back and verify flow configurations
#
# PURPOSE
# - Test acceptance of flow adds
# - Test ability of switch to process additions to flow table in random
#   priority order
# - Test correctness of flow configuration responses
#
# PARAMETERS
#
# Name: num_flows
# Type: number
# Description:
# Number of flows to define; 0 => maximum number of flows, as determined
# from switch capabilities
# Default: 100
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate <num_flows> distinct flow configurations
# 3. Send <num_flows> flow adds to switch, for flows generated in step 2 above
# 4. Verify that no OFPT_ERROR responses were generated by switch
# 5. Retrieve flow stats from switch
# 6. Compare flow configurations returned by switch
# 7. Test PASSED iff all flows sent to switch in step 3 above are returned
#    in step 5 above; else test FAILED

class Flow_Add_5(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_ADD_5 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    num_flows - Number of flows to generate
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Add_5 TEST BEGIN")

        num_flows = test_param_get("num_flows", 100)

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        if num_flows == 0:
            # Number of flows requested was 0
            # => Generate max number of flows

            for ts in sw.tbl_stats.stats:
                num_flows = num_flows + ts.max_entries

        logging.info("Generating %d flows" % (num_flows))        

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(max(2 * int(math.log(num_flows)), 1))

        # Create a flow table

        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        ft.rand(required_wildcards(self), sw, fi, num_flows)

        # Send flow table to switch

        logging.info("Sending flow adds to switch")
        for fc in ft.values():          # Randomizes order of sending
            logging.info("Adding flow:")
            logging.info(str(fc));
            self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications
        
        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Add_5 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Add_5 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW ADD 5_1
#
# OVERVIEW
# Verify handling of non-canonical flows
#
# PURPOSE
# - Test that switch detects and correctly responds to a non-canonical flow
#   definition.  A canonical flow is one that satisfies all match qualifier
#   dependencies; a non-canonical flow is one that does not.
#
# PARAMETERS
# - None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate 1 flow definition, which is different from its canonicalization
# 3. Send flow to switch
# 4. Retrieve flow from switch
# 5. Compare returned flow to canonical form of defined flow
# 7. Test PASSED iff flow received in step 4 above is identical to canonical form of flow defined in step 3 above

# Disabled.
# Should be DUT dependent.

@nonstandard
class Flow_Add_5_1(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_ADD_5.1 from draft top-half test plan

    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Add_5_1 TEST BEGIN")

        num_flows = test_param_get("num_flows", 100)
        
        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config that will be canonicalized by the switch

        while True:
            fc = Flow_Cfg()
            fc.rand(fi, \
                    required_wildcards(self), \
                    sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                    sw.sw_features.actions, \
                    sw.valid_ports, \
                    sw.valid_queues \
                    )
            fcc = fc.canonical()
            if fcc.match != fc.match:
                break

        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        ft.insert(fcc)

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        logging.info("should be canonicalized as:")
        logging.info(str(fcc))
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Add_5_1 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Add_5_1 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW ADD 6
#
# OVERVIEW
# Test flow table capacity
#
# PURPOSE
# - Test switch can accept as many flow definitions as it claims
# - Test generation of OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED/OFPFMFC_ALL_TABLES_FULL
# - Test that attempting to create flows beyond capacity does not corrupt
#   flow table
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Send OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST and OFPT_STATS_REQUEST/OFPST_TABLE enquiries
#    to determine flow table size, N
# 3. Generate (N + 1) distinct flow configurations
# 4. Send N flow adds to switch, for flows generated in step 3 above
# 5. Verify flow table in switch
# 6. Send one more flow add to switch
# 7. Verify that OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED/OFPFMFC_ALL_TABLES_FULL error
#    response was generated by switch, for last flow mod sent
# 7. Retrieve flow stats from switch
# 8. Verify flow table in switch
# 9. Test PASSED iff:
#    - error message received, for correct flow
#    - last flow definition sent to switch is not in flow table
#    else test FAILED

# Disabled because of bogus capacity reported by OVS.
# Should be DUT dependent.

@nonstandard
class Flow_Add_6(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_ADD_6 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    num_flows - Number of flows to generate
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Add_6 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        num_flows = 0
        for ts in sw.tbl_stats.stats:
            num_flows = num_flows + ts.max_entries

        logging.info("Switch capacity is %d flows" % (num_flows))        
        logging.info("Generating %d flows" % (num_flows))        

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(max(2 * int(math.log(num_flows)), 1))

        # Create a flow table, to switch's capacity

        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        ft.rand(required_wildcards(self), sw, fi, num_flows)

        # Send flow table to switch

        logging.info("Sending flow adds to switch")
        for fc in ft.values():          # Randomizes order of sending
            logging.info("Adding flow:")
            logging.info(str(fc));
            self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Dream up one more flow

        logging.info("Creating one more flow")
        while True:
            fc = Flow_Cfg()
            fc.rand(fi, \
                    required_wildcards(self), \
                    sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                    sw.sw_features.actions, \
                    sw.valid_ports, \
                    sw.valid_queues \
                    )
            fc = fc.canonical()
            if not ft.find(fc):
                break

        # Send one-more flow

        fc.send_rem = False
        logging.info("Sending flow add switch")
        logging.info(str(fc));
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for expected error message

        if not sw.errors_verify(1, \
                                ofp.OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED, \
                                ofp.OFPFMFC_ALL_TABLES_FULL \
                                ):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_add_6 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_add_6 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW ADD 7
#
# OVERVIEW
# Test flow redefinition
#
# PURPOSE
# Verify that successive flow adds with same priority and match criteria
# overwrite in flow table
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate flow definition F1
# 3. Generate flow definition F2, with same key (priority and match) as F1,
#    but with different actions
# 4. Send flow adds for F1 and F2 to switch
# 5. Verify flow definitions in switch
# 6. Test PASSED iff 1 flow returned by switch, matching configuration of F2;
#    else test FAILED

class Flow_Add_7(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_ADD_7 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Add_7 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        fc.rand(fi, \
                required_wildcards(self), \
                sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                sw.sw_features.actions, \
                sw.valid_ports, \
                sw.valid_queues \
                )
        fc = fc.canonical()

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Dream up some different actions, with the same flow key

        fc2 = copy.deepcopy(fc)
        while True:
            fc2.rand_mod(fi, \
                         sw.sw_features.actions, \
                         sw.valid_ports, \
                         sw.valid_queues \
                         )
            if fc2 != fc:
                break

        # Send that to the switch
        
        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc2))
        fc2.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc2), "Failed to add flow")
        ft.insert(fc2)

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Add_7 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Add_7 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW ADD 8
#
# OVERVIEW
# Add overlapping flows to switch, verify that overlapping flows are rejected
#
# PURPOSE
# - Test detection of overlapping flows by switch
# - Test generation of OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED/OFPFMFC_OVERLAP messages
# - Test rejection of overlapping flows
# - Test defining overlapping flows does not corrupt flow table
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate flow definition F1
# 3. Generate flow definition F2, with key overlapping F1
# 4. Send flow add to switch, for F1
# 5. Send flow add to switch, for F2, with OFPFF_CHECK_OVERLAP set
# 6. Verify that OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED/OFPFMFC_OVERLAP error response
#    was generated by switch
# 7. Verifiy flows configured in swtich
# 8. Test PASSED iff:
#    - error message received, for overlapping flow
#    - overlapping flow is not in flow table
#    else test FAILED

class Flow_Add_8(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_ADD_8 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Add_8 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config, with at least 1 qualifier specified

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        while True:
            fc.rand(fi, \
                    required_wildcards(self), \
                    sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                    sw.sw_features.actions, \
                    sw.valid_ports, \
                    sw.valid_queues \
                    )
            fc = fc.canonical()
            if fc.match.wildcards != ofp.OFPFW_ALL:
                break

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Wildcard out one qualifier that was specified, to create an
        # overlapping flow

        fc2 = copy.deepcopy(fc)
        for wi in shuffle(range(len(all_wildcards_list))):
            w = all_wildcards_list[wi]
            if (fc2.match.wildcards & w) == 0:
                break
        if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK:
            w  = ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_ALL
            wn = "OFPFW_NW_SRC"
        elif w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK:
            w  = ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_ALL
            wn = "OFPFW_NW_DST"
        else:
            wn = all_wildcard_names[w]
        logging.info("Wildcarding out %s" % (wn))
        fc2.match.wildcards = fc2.match.wildcards | w
        fc2 = fc2.canonical()

        # Send that to the switch, with overlap checking
        
        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc2))
        fc2.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc2, True), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in
        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for expected error message

        if not sw.errors_verify(1, \
                                ofp.OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED, \
                                ofp.OFPFMFC_OVERLAP \
                                ):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Add_8 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Add_8 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW MODIFY 1
#
# OVERVIEW
# Strict modify of single existing flow
#
# PURPOSE
# - Verify that strict flow modify operates only on specified flow
# - Verify that flow is correctly modified
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate 1 flow F
# 3. Send flow add to switch, for flow F
# 4. Generate new action list for flow F, yielding F'
# 5. Send strict flow modify to switch, for flow F'
# 6. Verify flow table in switch
# 7. Test PASSED iff flow returned by switch is F'; else FAILED

class Flow_Mod_1(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_MOD_1 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_1 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        fc.rand(fi, \
                required_wildcards(self), \
                sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                sw.sw_features.actions, \
                sw.valid_ports, \
                sw.valid_queues \
                )
        fc = fc.canonical()

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Dream up some different actions, with the same flow key

        fc2 = copy.deepcopy(fc)
        while True:
            fc2.rand_mod(fi, \
                         sw.sw_features.actions, \
                         sw.valid_ports, \
                         sw.valid_queues \
                         )
            if fc2 != fc:
                break

        # Send that to the switch
        
        logging.info("Sending strict flow mod to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc2))
        fc2.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_mod(fc2, True), "Failed to modify flow")
        ft.insert(fc2)

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify(True):
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Mod_1 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_1 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW MODIFY 2
#
# OVERVIEW
# Loose modify of mutiple flows
#
# PURPOSE
# - Verify that loose flow modify operates only on matching flows
# - Verify that matching flows are correctly modified
#
# PARAMETERS
# Name: num_flows
# Type: number
# Description:
# Number of flows to define
# Default: 100
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate <num_flows> distinct flow configurations
# 3. Send <num_flows> flow adds to switch
# 4. Pick 1 defined flow F at random
# 5. Create overlapping loose flow mod match criteria by repeatedly
#    wildcarding out qualifiers in match of F => F',
#    and create new actions list A' for F'
# 6. Send loose flow modify for F' to switch
# 7. Verify flow table in swtich
# 8. Test PASSED iff all flows sent to switch in steps 3 and 6 above,
#    are returned in step 7 above, each with correct (original or modified)
#    action list;
#    else test FAILED
        
class Flow_Mod_2(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_MOD_2 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_2 TEST BEGIN")

        num_flows = test_param_get("num_flows", 100)

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        # Shrunk, to increase chance of meta-matches
        fi.rand(max(int(math.log(num_flows)) / 2, 1))
        
        # Dream up some flows

        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        ft.rand(required_wildcards(self), sw, fi, num_flows)

        # Send flow table to switch

        logging.info("Sending flow adds to switch")
        for fc in ft.values():          # Randomizes order of sending
            logging.info("Adding flow:")
            logging.info(str(fc));
            self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        # Pick a random flow as a basis

        mfc = copy.deepcopy((ft.values())[0])
        mfc.rand_mod(fi, \
                     sw.sw_features.actions, \
                     sw.valid_ports, \
                     sw.valid_queues \
                     )

        # Repeatedly wildcard qualifiers

        for wi in shuffle(range(len(all_wildcards_list))):
            w = all_wildcards_list[wi]
            if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK or w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK:
                n = wildcard_get(mfc.match.wildcards, w)
                if n < 32:
                    mfc.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(mfc.match.wildcards, \
                                                       w, \
                                                       random.randint(n + 1, 32) \
                                                       )
                else:
                    continue
            else:
                if wildcard_get(mfc.match.wildcards, w) == 0:
                    mfc.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(mfc.match.wildcards, w, 1)
                else:
                    continue
            mfc = mfc.canonical()

            # Count the number of flows that would be modified

            n = 0
            for fc in ft.values():
                if mfc.overlaps(fc, True) and not mfc.non_key_equal(fc):
                    n = n + 1

            # If more than 1, we found our loose delete flow spec
            if n > 1:
                break
                    
        logging.info("Modifying %d flows" % (n))
        logging.info("Sending flow mod to switch:")
        logging.info(str(mfc))
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_mod(mfc, False), "Failed to modify flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in
        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for error message

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Apply flow mod to local flow table

        for fc in ft.values():
            if mfc.overlaps(fc, True):
                fc.actions = mfc.actions

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify(True):
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Mod_2 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_2 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW MODIFY 3

# OVERVIEW
# Strict modify of non-existent flow
#
# PURPOSE
# Verify that strict modify of a non-existent flow is equivalent to a flow add
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Send single flow mod, as strict modify, to switch
# 3. Verify flow table in switch
# 4. Test PASSED iff flow defined in step 2 above verified; else FAILED

class Flow_Mod_3(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_MOD_3 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_3 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        fc.rand(fi, \
                required_wildcards(self), \
                sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                sw.sw_features.actions, \
                sw.valid_ports, \
                sw.valid_queues \
                )
        fc = fc.canonical()

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow mod to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_mod(fc, True), "Failed to modify flows")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Mod_3 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_3 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW MODIFY 3_1

# OVERVIEW
# No-op modify
#
# PURPOSE
# Verify that modify of a flow with new actions same as old ones operates correctly
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Send single flow mod, as strict modify, to switch
# 3. Verify flow table in switch
# 4. Send same flow mod, as strict modify, to switch
# 5. Verify flow table in switch
# 6. Test PASSED iff flow defined in step 2 and 4 above verified; else FAILED

class Flow_Mod_3_1(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_MOD_3_1 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_3_1 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        fc.rand(fi, \
                required_wildcards(self), \
                sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                sw.sw_features.actions, \
                sw.valid_ports, \
                sw.valid_queues \
                )
        fc = fc.canonical()

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow mod to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_mod(fc, True), "Failed to modify flows")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        # Send same flow to the switch again

        logging.info("Sending flow mod to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_mod(fc, True), "Failed to modify flows")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Mod_3_1 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Mod_3_1 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW DELETE 1
#
# OVERVIEW
# Strict delete of single flow
#
# PURPOSE
# Verify correct operation of strict delete of single defined flow
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Send flow F to switch
# 3. Send strict flow delete for F to switch
# 4. Verify flow table in swtich
# 6. Test PASSED iff all flows sent to switch in step 2 above,
#    less flow removed in step 3 above, are returned in step 4 above;
#    else test FAILED

class Flow_Del_1(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_DEL_1 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Del_1 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        fc.rand(fi, \
                required_wildcards(self), \
                sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                sw.sw_features.actions, \
                sw.valid_ports, \
                sw.valid_queues \
                )
        fc = fc.canonical()

        # Send it to the switch

        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = False
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Dream up some different actions, with the same flow key

        fc2 = copy.deepcopy(fc)
        while True:
            fc2.rand_mod(fi, \
                         sw.sw_features.actions, \
                         sw.valid_ports, \
                         sw.valid_queues \
                         )
            if fc2 != fc:
                break

        # Delete strictly
        
        logging.info("Sending strict flow del to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc2))
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_del(fc2, True), "Failed to delete flow")
        ft.delete(fc)

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Del_1 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Del_1 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW DELETE 2
#
# OVERVIEW
# Loose delete of multiple flows
#
# PURPOSE
# - Verify correct operation of loose delete of multiple flows
#
# PARAMETERS
# Name: num_flows
# Type: number
# Description:
# Number of flows to define
# Default: 100
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Generate <num_flows> distinct flow configurations
# 3. Send <num_flows> flow adds to switch, for flows generated in step 2 above
# 4. Pick 1 defined flow F at random
# 5. Repeatedly wildcard out qualifiers in match of F, creating F', such that
#    F' will match more than 1 existing flow key
# 6. Send loose flow delete for F' to switch
# 7. Verify flow table in switch
# 8. Test PASSED iff all flows sent to switch in step 3 above, less flows
#    removed in step 6 above (i.e. those that match F'), are returned
#    in step 7 above;
#    else test FAILED

class Flow_Del_2(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_DEL_2 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Del_2 TEST BEGIN")

        num_flows = test_param_get("num_flows", 100)

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        # Shrunk, to increase chance of meta-matches
        fi.rand(max(int(math.log(num_flows)) / 2, 1))
        
        # Dream up some flows

        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        ft.rand(required_wildcards(self), sw, fi, num_flows)

        # Send flow table to switch

        logging.info("Sending flow adds to switch")
        for fc in ft.values():          # Randomizes order of sending
            logging.info("Adding flow:")
            logging.info(str(fc));
            self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for any error messages

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        # Pick a random flow as a basis
        
        dfc = copy.deepcopy(ft.values()[0])
        dfc.rand_mod(fi, \
                     sw.sw_features.actions, \
                     sw.valid_ports, \
                     sw.valid_queues \
                     )

        # Repeatedly wildcard qualifiers

        for wi in shuffle(range(len(all_wildcards_list))):
            w = all_wildcards_list[wi]
            if w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK or w == ofp.OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK:
                n = wildcard_get(dfc.match.wildcards, w)
                if n < 32:
                    dfc.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(dfc.match.wildcards, \
                                                       w, \
                                                       random.randint(n + 1, 32) \
                                                       )
                else:
                    continue
            else:
                if wildcard_get(dfc.match.wildcards, w) == 0:
                    dfc.match.wildcards = wildcard_set(dfc.match.wildcards, w, 1)
                else:
                    continue
            dfc = dfc.canonical()

            # Count the number of flows that would be deleted

            n = 0
            for fc in ft.values():
                if dfc.overlaps(fc, True):
                    n = n + 1

            # If more than 1, we found our loose delete flow spec
            if n > 1:
                break
                    
        logging.info("Deleting %d flows" % (n))
        logging.info("Sending flow del to switch:")
        logging.info(str(dfc))
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_del(dfc, False), "Failed to delete flows")

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in
        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for error message

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        # Apply flow mod to local flow table

        for fc in ft.values():
            if dfc.overlaps(fc, True):
                ft.delete(fc)

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Del_2 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Del_2 TEST PASSED")


# FLOW DELETE 4
#
# OVERVIEW
# Flow removed messages
#
# PURPOSE
# Verify that switch generates OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED/OFPRR_DELETE response
# messages when deleting flows that were added with OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM flag
#
# PARAMETERS
# None
#
# PROCESS
# 1. Delete all flows from switch
# 2. Send flow add to switch, with OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM set
# 3. Send strict flow delete of flow to switch
# 4. Verify that OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED/OFPRR_DELETE message is received from switch
# 5. Verify flow table in switch
# 6. Test PASSED iff all flows sent to switch in step 2 above, less flow
#    removed in step 3 above, are returned in step 5 above, and that
#    asynch message was received; else test FAILED


class Flow_Del_4(base_tests.SimpleProtocol):
    """
    Test FLOW_DEL_4 from draft top-half test plan
    
    INPUTS
    None
    """

    def runTest(self):
        logging.info("Flow_Del_4 TEST BEGIN")

        # Clear all flows from switch

        logging.info("Deleting all flows from switch")
        delete_all_flows(self.controller)

        # Get switch capabilites

        sw = Switch()
        self.assertTrue(sw.connect(self.controller), \
                        "Failed to connect to switch" \
                        )

        # Dream up some flow information, i.e. space to chose from for
        # random flow parameter generation

        fi = Flow_Info()
        fi.rand(10)
        
        # Dream up a flow config

        fc = Flow_Cfg()
        fc.rand(fi, \
                required_wildcards(self), \
                sw.tbl_stats.stats[0].wildcards, \
                sw.sw_features.actions, \
                sw.valid_ports, \
                sw.valid_queues \
                )
        fc = fc.canonical()

        # Send it to the switch. with "notify on removed"

        logging.info("Sending flow add to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc))
        ft = Flow_Tbl()
        fc.send_rem = True
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_add(fc), "Failed to add flow")
        ft.insert(fc)

        # Dream up some different actions, with the same flow key

        fc2 = copy.deepcopy(fc)
        while True:
            fc2.rand_mod(fi, \
                         sw.sw_features.actions, \
                         sw.valid_ports, \
                         sw.valid_queues \
                         )
            if fc2 != fc:
                break

        # Delete strictly
        
        logging.info("Sending strict flow del to switch:")
        logging.info(str(fc2))
        self.assertTrue(sw.flow_del(fc2, True), "Failed to delete flow")
        ft.delete(fc)

        # Do barrier, to make sure all flows are in

        self.assertTrue(sw.barrier(), "Barrier failed")

        result = True

        sw.settle()  # Allow switch to settle and generate any notifications

        # Check for expected "removed" message

        if not sw.errors_verify(0):
            result = False

        if not sw.removed_verify(1):
            result = False

        # Verify flow table

        sw.flow_tbl = ft
        if not sw.flow_tbl_verify():
            result = False

        self.assertTrue(result, "Flow_Del_4 TEST FAILED")
        logging.info("Flow_Del_4 TEST PASSED")