check point commit to ensure things are saved in more than one place. this commit contains the first integration of the docker build artifacts as well as the first integration of an automation test environment for MAAS based on virtual box
Change-Id: I236f12392501b4ed589aba2b748ba0c45e148f2e
diff --git a/bootstrap/Dockerfile b/bootstrap/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d387a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstrap/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+FROM ubuntu:14.04
+MAINTAINER David Bainbridge <dbainbri@ciena.com>
+
+RUN apt-get update -y && \
+ apt-get install -y python-pip
+
+RUN pip install maasclient==0.3 && \
+ pip install requests_oauthlib && \
+ pip install ipaddress
+
+ADD bootstrap.py /bootstrap.py
+
+ENTRYPOINT [ "/bootstrap.py" ]
diff --git a/bootstrap/LICENSE b/bootstrap/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dada3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstrap/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+ Apache License
+ Version 2.0, January 2004
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+ 1. Definitions.
+
+ "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+ and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+ "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+ the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+ "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+ other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+ control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+ "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+ direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+ otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+ outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+ "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+ exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+ "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+ including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+ source, and configuration files.
+
+ "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+ transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+ not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+ and conversions to other media types.
+
+ "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+ Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+ copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+ (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+ "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+ form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+ editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+ represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+ of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+ separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+ the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+ "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+ the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+ to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+ submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+ or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+ the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+ means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+ to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+ communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+ and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+ Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+ excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+ designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+ "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+ on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+ subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+ 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+ this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+ worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+ copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+ publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+ Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+ 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+ this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+ worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+ (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+ use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+ where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+ by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+ Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+ with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+ institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+ cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+ or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+ or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+ granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+ as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+ 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+ Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+ modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+ meet the following conditions:
+
+ (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+ Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+ (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+ stating that You changed the files; and
+
+ (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+ that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+ attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+ excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+ the Derivative Works; and
+
+ (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+ distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+ include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+ within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+ pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+ of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+ as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+ documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+ within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+ wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+ of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+ do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+ notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+ or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+ that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+ as modifying the License.
+
+ You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+ may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+ for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+ for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+ reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+ the conditions stated in this License.
+
+ 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+ any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+ by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+ this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+ Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+ the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+ with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+ 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+ names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+ except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+ origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+ 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+ agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+ Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+ of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+ PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+ appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+ risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+ 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+ whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+ unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+ negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+ liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+ incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+ result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+ Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+ work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+ other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+ has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+ 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+ the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+ and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+ or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+ License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+ on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+ of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+ defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+ incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+ of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+ APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+ To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+ boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+ replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+ the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+ comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+ file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+ same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+ identification within third-party archives.
+
+ Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
diff --git a/bootstrap/Makefile b/bootstrap/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d7ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstrap/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+help:
+ -@echo "Available actions"
+ -@echo " docker - builds the docker container"
+
+docker: bootstrap.py
+ docker build -t cord/maas-bootstrap:0.1-prerelease .
+
+run:
+ docker run -ti --rm=true cord/maas-bootstrap:0.1-prerelease --apikey=$(CORD_APIKEY) --sshkey="$(CORD_SSHKEY)" --url=$(CORD_URL)
diff --git a/bootstrap/bootstrap.py b/bootstrap/bootstrap.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c00853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstrap/bootstrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import sys
+import json
+import ipaddress
+import requests
+from optparse import OptionParser
+from maasclient.auth import MaasAuth
+from maasclient import MaasClient
+
+# For some reason the maasclient doesn't provide a put method. So
+# we will add it here
+def put(client, url, params=None):
+ return requests.put(url=client.auth.api_url + url,
+ auth=client._oauth(),
+ data=params)
+
+def add_or_update_node_group_interface(client, ng, gw, foundIfc, ifcName, subnet):
+ ip = ipaddress.IPv4Network(unicode(subnet, 'utf-8'))
+ hosts = list(ip.hosts())
+
+ # if the caller specified the default gateway then honor that, else used the default
+ gw = gw or str(hosts[0])
+
+ ifc = {
+ 'ip_range_high': str(hosts[-1]),
+ 'ip_range_low': str(hosts[2]),
+ 'static_ip_range_high' : None,
+ 'static_ip_range_low' : None,
+ 'management': 2,
+ 'name': ifcName,
+ #'router_ip' : gw,
+ #'gateway_ip' : gw,
+ 'ip': str(hosts[0]),
+ 'subnet_mask': str(ip.netmask),
+ 'broadcast_ip': str(ip.broadcast_address),
+ 'interface': ifcName,
+ }
+
+ if foundIfc is not None:
+ print("INFO: network for specified interface, '%s', already exists" % (ifcName))
+
+ resp = client.get('/nodegroups/' + ng['uuid'] + '/interfaces/' + ifcName + '/', dict())
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to read specified interface, '%s', '%d : %s'"
+ % (ifcName, resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ # A bit of a hack here. Turns out MAAS won't return the router_ip / gateway_ip value
+ # so we can't really tell if that value is set correctly. So we will compare the
+ # values we can and use that as the "CHANGED" value, but always set all values.
+
+ # Save the compare value
+ same = ifc == json.loads(resp.text)
+
+ # Add router_ip and gateway_ip to the desired state so that those will be set
+ ifc['router_ip'] = gw
+ ifc['gateway_ip'] = gw
+
+ # If the network already exists, update it with the information we want
+ resp = put(client, '/nodegroups/' + ng['uuid'] + '/interfaces/' + ifcName + '/', ifc)
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to update specified network, '%s', on specified interface '%s', '%d : %s'"
+ % (subnet, ifcName, resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ if not same:
+ print("CHANGED: updated network, '%s', for interface '%s'" % (subnet, ifcName))
+ else:
+ print("INFO: Network settings for interface '%s' unchanged" % ifcName)
+
+ else:
+ # Add the operation
+ ifc['op'] = 'new'
+ ifc['router_ip'] = gw
+ ifc['gateway_ip'] = gw
+
+ resp = client.post('/nodegroups/' + ng['uuid'] + '/interfaces/', ifc)
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to create specified network, '%s', on specified interface '%s', '%d : %s'"
+ % (subnet, ifcName, resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGED: created network, '%s', for interface '%s'" % (subnet, ifcName))
+
+ # Add the first host to the subnet as the dns_server
+ subnets = None
+ resp = client.get('/subnets/', dict())
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to query subnets: '%d : %s'" % (resp.status_code, resp.text))
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ subnets = json.loads(resp.text)
+
+ id = None
+ for sn in subnets:
+ if sn['name'] == subnet:
+ id = str(sn['id'])
+ break
+
+ if id == None:
+ print("ERROR: unable to find subnet entry for network '%s'" % (subnet))
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ resp = client.get('/subnets/' + id + '/')
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to query subnet '%s': '%d : %s'" % (subnet, resp.status_code, resp.text))
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ data = json.loads(resp.text)
+
+ found = False
+ for ns in data['dns_servers']:
+ if unicode(ns) == unicode(hosts[0]):
+ found = True
+
+ if not found:
+ resp = put(client, '/subnets/' + id + '/', dict(dns_servers=[hosts[0]]))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to query subnet '%s': '%d : %s'" % (subnet, resp.status_code, resp.text))
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGED: updated DNS server information")
+ else:
+ print("INFO: DNS already set correctly")
+
+
+def main():
+ parser = OptionParser()
+ parser.add_option('-c', '--config', dest='config_file',
+ help="specifies file from which configuration should be read", metavar='FILE')
+ parser.add_option('-a', '--apikey', dest='apikey',
+ help="specifies the API key to use when accessing MAAS")
+ parser.add_option('-u', '--url', dest='url', default='http://localhost/MAAS/api/1.0',
+ help="specifies the URL on which to contact MAAS")
+ parser.add_option('-z', '--zone', dest='zone', default='administrative',
+ help="specifies the zone to create for manually managed hosts")
+ parser.add_option('-i', '--interface', dest='interface', default='eth0:1',
+ help="the interface on which to set up DHCP for POD local hosts")
+ parser.add_option('-n', '--network', dest='network', default='10.0.0.0/16',
+ help="subnet to use for POD local DHCP")
+ parser.add_option('-b', '--bridge', dest='bridge', default='mgmtbr',
+ help="bridge to use for host local VM allocation")
+ parser.add_option('-t', '--bridge-subnet', dest='bridge_subnet', default='172.18.0.0/16',
+ help="subnet to assign from for bridged hosts")
+ parser.add_option('-r', '--cluster', dest='cluster', default='Cluster master',
+ help="name of cluster to user for POD / DHCP")
+ parser.add_option('-s', '--sshkey', dest='sshkey', default=None,
+ help="specifies public ssh key")
+ parser.add_option('-d', '--domain', dest='domain', default='cord.lab',
+ help="specifies the domain to configure in maas")
+ parser.add_option('-g', '--gateway', dest='gw', default=None,
+ help="specifies the gateway to configure for servers")
+ (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
+
+ if len(args) > 0:
+ print("unknown command line arguments specified", file=sys.stderr)
+ parser.print_help()
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ # If a config file was specified then read the config from that
+ config = {}
+ if options.config_file != None:
+ with open(options.config_file) as config_file:
+ config = json.load(config_file)
+
+ # Override the config with any command line options
+ if options.apikey == None:
+ print("must specify a MAAS API key", file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ config['key'] = options.apikey
+ if options.url != None:
+ config['url'] = options.url
+ if options.zone != None:
+ config['zone'] = options.zone
+ if options.interface != None:
+ config['interface'] = options.interface
+ if options.network != None:
+ config['network'] = options.network
+ if options.bridge != None:
+ config['bridge'] = options.bridge
+ if options.bridge_subnet != None:
+ config['bridge-subnet'] = options.bridge_subnet
+ if options.cluster != None:
+ config['cluster'] = options.cluster
+ if options.domain != None:
+ config['domain'] = options.domain
+ if options.gw != None:
+ config['gw'] = options.gw
+ if not 'gw' in config.keys():
+ config['gw'] = None
+ if options.sshkey == None:
+ print("must specify a SSH key to use for cord user", file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ config['sshkey'] = options.sshkey
+
+ auth = MaasAuth(config['url'], config['key'])
+ client = MaasClient(auth)
+
+ resp = client.get('/account/prefs/sshkeys/', dict(op='list'))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to query SSH keys from server '%d : %s'"
+ % (resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ found_key = False
+ keys = json.loads(resp.text)
+ for key in keys:
+ if key['key'] == config['sshkey']:
+ print("INFO: specified SSH key already exists")
+ found_key = True
+
+ # Add the SSH key to the user
+ # POST /api/2.0/account/prefs/sshkeys/ op=new
+ if not found_key:
+ resp = client.post('/account/prefs/sshkeys/', dict(op='new', key=config['sshkey']))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to add sshkey for user: '%d : %s'"
+ % (resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGED: updated ssh key")
+
+ # Check to see if an "administrative" zone exists and if not
+ # create one
+ found = None
+ zones = client.zones
+ for zone in zones:
+ if zone['name'] == config['zone']:
+ found=zone
+
+ if found is not None:
+ print("INFO: administrative zone, '%s', already exists" % config['zone'], file=sys.stderr)
+ else:
+ if not client.zone_new(config['zone'], "Zone for manually administrated nodes"):
+ print("ERROR: unable to create administrative zone '%s'" % config['zone'], file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGED: Zone '%s' created" % config['zone'])
+
+ # If the interface doesn't already exist in the cluster then
+ # create it. Look for the "Cluster Master" node group, but
+ # if it is not found used the first one in the list, if the
+ # list is empty, error out
+ found = None
+ ngs = client.nodegroups
+ for ng in ngs:
+ if ng['cluster_name'] == config['cluster']:
+ found = ng
+ break
+
+ if found is None:
+ print("ERROR: unable to find cluster with specified name, '%s'" % config['cluster'], file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ resp = client.get('/nodegroups/' + ng['uuid'] + '/', dict())
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to get node group information for cluster '%s': '%d : %s'"
+ % (config['cluster'], resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ data = json.loads(resp.text)
+
+ # Set the DNS domain name (zone) for the cluster
+ if data['name'] != config['domain']:
+ resp = put(client, '/nodegroups/' + ng['uuid'] + '/', dict(name=config['domain']))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to set the DNS domain name for the cluster with specified name, '%s': '%d : %s'"
+ % (config['cluster'], resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGE: updated name of cluster to '%s' : %s" % (config['domain'], resp))
+ else:
+ print("INFO: domain name already set")
+
+ found = None
+ resp = client.get('/nodegroups/' + ng['uuid'] + '/interfaces/', dict(op='list'))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to fetch interfaces for cluster with specified name, '%s': '%d : %s'"
+ % (config['cluster'], resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ ifcs = json.loads(resp.text)
+
+ localIfc = hostIfc = None
+ for ifc in ifcs:
+ localIfc = ifc if ifc['name'] == config['interface'] else localIfc
+ hostIfc = ifc if ifc['name'] == config['bridge'] else hostIfc
+
+ add_or_update_node_group_interface(client, ng, config['gw'], localIfc, config['interface'], config['network'])
+ add_or_update_node_group_interface(client, ng, config['gw'], hostIfc, config['bridge'], config['bridge-subnet'])
+
+ # Update the server settings to upstream DNS request to Google
+ # POST /api/2.0/maas/ op=set_config
+ resp = client.get('/maas/', dict(op='get_config', name='upstream_dns'))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to get the upstream DNS servers: '%d : %s'"
+ % (resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ if unicode(json.loads(resp.text)) != u'8.8.8.8 8.8.8.4':
+ resp = client.post('/maas/', dict(op='set_config', name='upstream_dns', value='8.8.8.8 8.8.8.4'))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to set the upstream DNS servers: '%d : %s'"
+ % (resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGED: updated up stream DNS servers")
+ else:
+ print("INFO: Upstream DNS servers correct")
+
+ # Start the download of boot images
+ resp = client.get('/boot-resources/', None)
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to read existing images download: '%d : %s'" % (resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+ imgs = json.loads(resp.text)
+ found = False
+ for img in imgs:
+ if img['name'] == u'ubuntu/trusty' and img['architecture'] == u'amd64/hwe-t':
+ found = True
+
+ if not found:
+ resp = client.post('/boot-resources/', dict(op='import'))
+ if int(resp.status_code / 100) != 2:
+ print("ERROR: unable to start image download: '%d : %s'" % (resp.status_code, resp.text), file=sys.stderr)
+ sys.exit(1)
+ else:
+ print("CHANGED: Image download started")
+ else:
+ print("INFO: required images already available")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ #try:
+ main()
+ #except:
+# e = sys.exc_info()[0]
+# print("ERROR: Unexpected exception: '%s'" % e, file=sys.stderr)