zebra/rt_netlink.c

/* Kernel routing table updates using netlink over GNU/Linux system.
 * Copyright (C) 1997, 98, 99 Kunihiro Ishiguro
 *
 * This file is part of GNU Zebra.
 *
 * GNU Zebra is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
 * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
 * later version.
 *
 * GNU Zebra is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with GNU Zebra; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
 * Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 * 02111-1307, USA.  
 */

#include <zebra.h>

/* Hack for GNU libc version 2. */
#ifndef MSG_TRUNC
#define MSG_TRUNC      0x20
#endif /* MSG_TRUNC */

#include "linklist.h"
#include "if.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "prefix.h"
#include "connected.h"
#include "table.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "rib.h"
#include "thread.h"
#include "privs.h"
#include "vrf.h"

#include "zebra/zserv.h"
#include "zebra/rt.h"
#include "zebra/redistribute.h"
#include "zebra/interface.h"
#include "zebra/debug.h"

#include "rt_netlink.h"

static const struct message nlmsg_str[] = {
  {RTM_NEWROUTE, "RTM_NEWROUTE"},
  {RTM_DELROUTE, "RTM_DELROUTE"},
  {RTM_GETROUTE, "RTM_GETROUTE"},
  {RTM_NEWLINK,  "RTM_NEWLINK"},
  {RTM_DELLINK,  "RTM_DELLINK"},
  {RTM_GETLINK,  "RTM_GETLINK"},
  {RTM_NEWADDR,  "RTM_NEWADDR"},
  {RTM_DELADDR,  "RTM_DELADDR"},
  {RTM_GETADDR,  "RTM_GETADDR"},
  {0, NULL}
};

extern struct zebra_t zebrad;

extern struct zebra_privs_t zserv_privs;

extern u_int32_t nl_rcvbufsize;

/* Note: on netlink systems, there should be a 1-to-1 mapping between interface
   names and ifindex values. */
static void
set_ifindex(struct interface *ifp, unsigned int ifi_index)
{
  struct interface *oifp;

  if (((oifp = if_lookup_by_index(ifi_index)) != NULL) && (oifp != ifp))
    {
      if (ifi_index == IFINDEX_INTERNAL)
        zlog_err("Netlink is setting interface %s ifindex to reserved "
		 "internal value %u", ifp->name, ifi_index);
      else
        {
	  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
	    zlog_debug("interface index %d was renamed from %s to %s",
	    	       ifi_index, oifp->name, ifp->name);
	  if (if_is_up(oifp))
	    zlog_err("interface rename detected on up interface: index %d "
		     "was renamed from %s to %s, results are uncertain!", 
	    	     ifi_index, oifp->name, ifp->name);
	  if_delete_update(oifp);
        }
    }
  ifp->ifindex = ifi_index;
}

#ifndef SO_RCVBUFFORCE
#define SO_RCVBUFFORCE  (33)
#endif

static int
netlink_recvbuf (struct nlsock *nl, uint32_t newsize)
{
  u_int32_t oldsize;
  socklen_t newlen = sizeof(newsize);
  socklen_t oldlen = sizeof(oldsize);
  int ret;

  ret = getsockopt(nl->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &oldsize, &oldlen);
  if (ret < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't get %s receive buffer size: %s", nl->name,
	    safe_strerror (errno));
      return -1;
    }

  /* Try force option (linux >= 2.6.14) and fall back to normal set */
  if ( zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_RAISE) )
    zlog_err ("routing_socket: Can't raise privileges");
  ret = setsockopt(nl->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &nl_rcvbufsize,
		   sizeof(nl_rcvbufsize));
  if ( zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_LOWER) )
    zlog_err ("routing_socket: Can't lower privileges");
  if (ret < 0)
     ret = setsockopt(nl->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &nl_rcvbufsize,
		      sizeof(nl_rcvbufsize));
  if (ret < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't set %s receive buffer size: %s", nl->name,
	    safe_strerror (errno));
      return -1;
    }

  ret = getsockopt(nl->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &newsize, &newlen);
  if (ret < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't get %s receive buffer size: %s", nl->name,
	    safe_strerror (errno));
      return -1;
    }

  zlog (NULL, LOG_INFO,
	"Setting netlink socket receive buffer size: %u -> %u",
	oldsize, newsize);
  return 0;
}

/* Make socket for Linux netlink interface. */
static int
netlink_socket (struct nlsock *nl, unsigned long groups, vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  int ret;
  struct sockaddr_nl snl;
  int sock;
  int namelen;
  int save_errno;

  if (zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_RAISE))
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't raise privileges");
      return -1;
    }

  sock = vrf_socket (AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE, vrf_id);
  if (sock < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't open %s socket: %s", nl->name,
            safe_strerror (errno));
      return -1;
    }

  memset (&snl, 0, sizeof snl);
  snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
  snl.nl_groups = groups;

  /* Bind the socket to the netlink structure for anything. */
  ret = bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, sizeof snl);
  save_errno = errno;
  if (zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_LOWER))
    zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");

  if (ret < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't bind %s socket to group 0x%x: %s",
            nl->name, snl.nl_groups, safe_strerror (save_errno));
      close (sock);
      return -1;
    }

  /* multiple netlink sockets will have different nl_pid */
  namelen = sizeof snl;
  ret = getsockname (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, (socklen_t *) &namelen);
  if (ret < 0 || namelen != sizeof snl)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't get %s socket name: %s", nl->name,
            safe_strerror (errno));
      close (sock);
      return -1;
    }

  nl->snl = snl;
  nl->sock = sock;
  return ret;
}

/* Get type specified information from netlink. */
static int
netlink_request (int family, int type, struct nlsock *nl)
{
  int ret;
  struct sockaddr_nl snl;
  int save_errno;

  struct
  {
    struct nlmsghdr nlh;
    struct rtgenmsg g;
  } req;


  /* Check netlink socket. */
  if (nl->sock < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s socket isn't active.", nl->name);
      return -1;
    }

  memset (&snl, 0, sizeof snl);
  snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;

  memset (&req, 0, sizeof req);
  req.nlh.nlmsg_len = sizeof req;
  req.nlh.nlmsg_type = type;
  req.nlh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_ROOT | NLM_F_MATCH | NLM_F_REQUEST;
  req.nlh.nlmsg_pid = nl->snl.nl_pid;
  req.nlh.nlmsg_seq = ++nl->seq;
  req.g.rtgen_family = family;

  /* linux appears to check capabilities on every message 
   * have to raise caps for every message sent
   */
  if (zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_RAISE))
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't raise privileges");
      return -1;
    }

  ret = sendto (nl->sock, (void *) &req, sizeof req, 0,
                (struct sockaddr *) &snl, sizeof snl);
  save_errno = errno;

  if (zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_LOWER))
    zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");

  if (ret < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s sendto failed: %s", nl->name,
            safe_strerror (save_errno));
      return -1;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Receive message from netlink interface and pass those information
   to the given function. */
static int
netlink_parse_info (int (*filter) (struct sockaddr_nl *, struct nlmsghdr *,
                                   vrf_id_t),
                    struct nlsock *nl, struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  int status;
  int ret = 0;
  int error;

  while (1)
    {
      char buf[NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE];
      struct iovec iov = {
        .iov_base = buf,
        .iov_len = sizeof buf
      };
      struct sockaddr_nl snl;
      struct msghdr msg = {
        .msg_name = (void *) &snl,
        .msg_namelen = sizeof snl,
        .msg_iov = &iov,
        .msg_iovlen = 1
      };
      struct nlmsghdr *h;

      status = recvmsg (nl->sock, &msg, 0);
      if (status < 0)
        {
          if (errno == EINTR)
            continue;
          if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
            break;
          zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s recvmsg overrun: %s",
	  	nl->name, safe_strerror(errno));
          continue;
        }

      if (status == 0)
        {
          zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s EOF", nl->name);
          return -1;
        }

      if (msg.msg_namelen != sizeof snl)
        {
          zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s sender address length error: length %d",
                nl->name, msg.msg_namelen);
          return -1;
        }
      
      for (h = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf; NLMSG_OK (h, (unsigned int) status);
           h = NLMSG_NEXT (h, status))
        {
          /* Finish of reading. */
          if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE)
            return ret;

          /* Error handling. */
          if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR)
            {
              struct nlmsgerr *err = (struct nlmsgerr *) NLMSG_DATA (h);
	      int errnum = err->error;
	      int msg_type = err->msg.nlmsg_type;

              /* If the error field is zero, then this is an ACK */
              if (err->error == 0)
                {
                  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
                    {
                      zlog_debug ("%s: %s ACK: type=%s(%u), seq=%u, pid=%u",
                                 __FUNCTION__, nl->name,
                                 lookup (nlmsg_str, err->msg.nlmsg_type),
                                 err->msg.nlmsg_type, err->msg.nlmsg_seq,
                                 err->msg.nlmsg_pid);
                    }

                  /* return if not a multipart message, otherwise continue */
                  if (!(h->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_MULTI))
                    {
                      return 0;
                    }
                  continue;
                }

              if (h->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct nlmsgerr)))
                {
                  zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s error: message truncated",
                        nl->name);
                  return -1;
                }

              /* Deal with errors that occur because of races in link handling */
	      if (nl == &zvrf->netlink_cmd
		  && ((msg_type == RTM_DELROUTE &&
		       (-errnum == ENODEV || -errnum == ESRCH))
		      || (msg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE && -errnum == EEXIST)))
		{
		  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
		    zlog_debug ("%s: error: %s type=%s(%u), seq=%u, pid=%u",
				nl->name, safe_strerror (-errnum),
				lookup (nlmsg_str, msg_type),
				msg_type, err->msg.nlmsg_seq, err->msg.nlmsg_pid);
		  return 0;
		}

	      zlog_err ("%s error: %s, type=%s(%u), seq=%u, pid=%u",
			nl->name, safe_strerror (-errnum),
			lookup (nlmsg_str, msg_type),
			msg_type, err->msg.nlmsg_seq, err->msg.nlmsg_pid);
              return -1;
            }

          /* OK we got netlink message. */
          if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
            zlog_debug ("netlink_parse_info: %s type %s(%u), seq=%u, pid=%u",
                       nl->name,
                       lookup (nlmsg_str, h->nlmsg_type), h->nlmsg_type,
                       h->nlmsg_seq, h->nlmsg_pid);

          /* skip unsolicited messages originating from command socket
           * linux sets the originators port-id for {NEW|DEL}ADDR messages,
           * so this has to be checked here. */
          if (nl != &zvrf->netlink_cmd
              && h->nlmsg_pid == zvrf->netlink_cmd.snl.nl_pid
              && (h->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWADDR && h->nlmsg_type != RTM_DELADDR))
            {
              if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
                zlog_debug ("netlink_parse_info: %s packet comes from %s",
                            zvrf->netlink_cmd.name, nl->name);
              continue;
            }

          error = (*filter) (&snl, h, zvrf->vrf_id);
          if (error < 0)
            {
              zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s filter function error", nl->name);
              ret = error;
            }
        }

      /* After error care. */
      if (msg.msg_flags & MSG_TRUNC)
        {
          zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s error: message truncated", nl->name);
          continue;
        }
      if (status)
        {
          zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "%s error: data remnant size %d", nl->name,
                status);
          return -1;
        }
    }
  return ret;
}

/* Utility function for parse rtattr. */
static void
netlink_parse_rtattr (struct rtattr **tb, int max, struct rtattr *rta,
                      int len)
{
  while (RTA_OK (rta, len))
    {
      if (rta->rta_type <= max)
        tb[rta->rta_type] = rta;
      rta = RTA_NEXT (rta, len);
    }
}

/* Utility function to parse hardware link-layer address and update ifp */
static void
netlink_interface_update_hw_addr (struct rtattr **tb, struct interface *ifp)
{
  int i;

  if (tb[IFLA_ADDRESS])
    {
      int hw_addr_len;

      hw_addr_len = RTA_PAYLOAD (tb[IFLA_ADDRESS]);

      if (hw_addr_len > INTERFACE_HWADDR_MAX)
        zlog_warn ("Hardware address is too large: %d", hw_addr_len);
      else
        {
          ifp->hw_addr_len = hw_addr_len;
          memcpy (ifp->hw_addr, RTA_DATA (tb[IFLA_ADDRESS]), hw_addr_len);

          for (i = 0; i < hw_addr_len; i++)
            if (ifp->hw_addr[i] != 0)
              break;

          if (i == hw_addr_len)
            ifp->hw_addr_len = 0;
          else
            ifp->hw_addr_len = hw_addr_len;
        }
    }
}

/* Called from interface_lookup_netlink().  This function is only used
   during bootstrap. */
static int
netlink_interface (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  int len;
  struct ifinfomsg *ifi;
  struct rtattr *tb[IFLA_MAX + 1];
  struct interface *ifp;
  char *name;

  ifi = NLMSG_DATA (h);

  if (h->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWLINK)
    return 0;

  len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct ifinfomsg));
  if (len < 0)
    return -1;

  /* Looking up interface name. */
  memset (tb, 0, sizeof tb);
  netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, IFLA_MAX, IFLA_RTA (ifi), len);
  
#ifdef IFLA_WIRELESS
  /* check for wireless messages to ignore */
  if ((tb[IFLA_WIRELESS] != NULL) && (ifi->ifi_change == 0))
    {
      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug ("%s: ignoring IFLA_WIRELESS message", __func__);
      return 0;
    }
#endif /* IFLA_WIRELESS */

  if (tb[IFLA_IFNAME] == NULL)
    return -1;
  name = (char *) RTA_DATA (tb[IFLA_IFNAME]);

  /* Add interface. */
  ifp = if_get_by_name_vrf (name, vrf_id);
  set_ifindex(ifp, ifi->ifi_index);
  ifp->flags = ifi->ifi_flags & 0x0000fffff;
  ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = *(uint32_t *) RTA_DATA (tb[IFLA_MTU]);
  ifp->metric = 0;

  /* Hardware type and address. */
  ifp->hw_type = ifi->ifi_type;
  netlink_interface_update_hw_addr (tb, ifp);

  if_add_update (ifp);

  return 0;
}

/* Lookup interface IPv4/IPv6 address. */
static int
netlink_interface_addr (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  int len;
  struct ifaddrmsg *ifa;
  struct rtattr *tb[IFA_MAX + 1];
  struct interface *ifp;
  void *addr;
  void *broad;
  u_char flags = 0;
  char *label = NULL;

  ifa = NLMSG_DATA (h);

  if (ifa->ifa_family != AF_INET
#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
      && ifa->ifa_family != AF_INET6
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
    )
    return 0;

  if (h->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWADDR && h->nlmsg_type != RTM_DELADDR)
    return 0;

  len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct ifaddrmsg));
  if (len < 0)
    return -1;

  memset (tb, 0, sizeof tb);
  netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, IFA_MAX, IFA_RTA (ifa), len);

  ifp = if_lookup_by_index_vrf (ifa->ifa_index, vrf_id);
  if (ifp == NULL)
    {
      zlog_err ("netlink_interface_addr can't find interface by index %d vrf %u",
                ifa->ifa_index, vrf_id);
      return -1;
    }

  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)    /* remove this line to see initial ifcfg */
    {
      char buf[BUFSIZ];
      zlog_debug ("netlink_interface_addr %s %s vrf %u:",
                 lookup (nlmsg_str, h->nlmsg_type), ifp->name, vrf_id);
      if (tb[IFA_LOCAL])
        zlog_debug ("  IFA_LOCAL     %s/%d",
		    inet_ntop (ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_LOCAL]),
			       buf, BUFSIZ), ifa->ifa_prefixlen);
      if (tb[IFA_ADDRESS])
        zlog_debug ("  IFA_ADDRESS   %s/%d",
		    inet_ntop (ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_ADDRESS]),
                               buf, BUFSIZ), ifa->ifa_prefixlen);
      if (tb[IFA_BROADCAST])
        zlog_debug ("  IFA_BROADCAST %s/%d",
		    inet_ntop (ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_BROADCAST]),
			       buf, BUFSIZ), ifa->ifa_prefixlen);
      if (tb[IFA_LABEL] && strcmp (ifp->name, RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_LABEL])))
        zlog_debug ("  IFA_LABEL     %s", (char *)RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_LABEL]));
      
      if (tb[IFA_CACHEINFO])
        {
          struct ifa_cacheinfo *ci = RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_CACHEINFO]);
          zlog_debug ("  IFA_CACHEINFO pref %d, valid %d",
                      ci->ifa_prefered, ci->ifa_valid);
        }
    }
  
  /* logic copied from iproute2/ip/ipaddress.c:print_addrinfo() */
  if (tb[IFA_LOCAL] == NULL)
    tb[IFA_LOCAL] = tb[IFA_ADDRESS];
  if (tb[IFA_ADDRESS] == NULL)
    tb[IFA_ADDRESS] = tb[IFA_LOCAL];
  
  /* local interface address */
  addr = (tb[IFA_LOCAL] ? RTA_DATA(tb[IFA_LOCAL]) : NULL);

  /* is there a peer address? */
  if (tb[IFA_ADDRESS] &&
      memcmp(RTA_DATA(tb[IFA_ADDRESS]), RTA_DATA(tb[IFA_LOCAL]), RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[IFA_ADDRESS])))
    {
      broad = RTA_DATA(tb[IFA_ADDRESS]);
      SET_FLAG (flags, ZEBRA_IFA_PEER);
    }
  else
    /* seeking a broadcast address */
    broad = (tb[IFA_BROADCAST] ? RTA_DATA(tb[IFA_BROADCAST]) : NULL);

  /* addr is primary key, SOL if we don't have one */
  if (addr == NULL)
    {
      zlog_debug ("%s: NULL address", __func__);
      return -1;
    }

  /* Flags. */
  if (ifa->ifa_flags & IFA_F_SECONDARY)
    SET_FLAG (flags, ZEBRA_IFA_SECONDARY);

  /* Label */
  if (tb[IFA_LABEL])
    label = (char *) RTA_DATA (tb[IFA_LABEL]);

  if (ifp && label && strcmp (ifp->name, label) == 0)
    label = NULL;

  /* Register interface address to the interface. */
  if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET)
    {
      if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWADDR)
        connected_add_ipv4 (ifp, flags,
                            (struct in_addr *) addr, ifa->ifa_prefixlen,
                            (struct in_addr *) broad, label);
      else
        connected_delete_ipv4 (ifp, flags,
                               (struct in_addr *) addr, ifa->ifa_prefixlen,
                               (struct in_addr *) broad);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET6)
    {
      if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWADDR)
        connected_add_ipv6 (ifp, flags,
                            (struct in6_addr *) addr, ifa->ifa_prefixlen,
                            (struct in6_addr *) broad, label);
      else
        connected_delete_ipv6 (ifp,
                               (struct in6_addr *) addr, ifa->ifa_prefixlen,
                               (struct in6_addr *) broad);
    }
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */

  return 0;
}

/* Looking up routing table by netlink interface. */
static int
netlink_routing_table (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  int len;
  struct rtmsg *rtm;
  struct rtattr *tb[RTA_MAX + 1];
  u_char flags = 0;

  char anyaddr[16] = { 0 };

  int index;
  int table;
  u_int32_t mtu = 0;

  void *dest;
  void *gate;
  void *src;

  rtm = NLMSG_DATA (h);

  if (h->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWROUTE)
    return 0;
  if (rtm->rtm_type != RTN_UNICAST)
    return 0;

  table = rtm->rtm_table;
#if 0                           /* we weed them out later in rib_weed_tables () */
  if (table != RT_TABLE_MAIN && table != zebrad.rtm_table_default)
    return 0;
#endif

  len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct rtmsg));
  if (len < 0)
    return -1;

  memset (tb, 0, sizeof tb);
  netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, RTA_MAX, RTM_RTA (rtm), len);

  if (rtm->rtm_flags & RTM_F_CLONED)
    return 0;
  if (rtm->rtm_protocol == RTPROT_REDIRECT)
    return 0;
  if (rtm->rtm_protocol == RTPROT_KERNEL)
    return 0;

  if (rtm->rtm_src_len != 0)
    return 0;

  /* Route which inserted by Zebra. */
  if (rtm->rtm_protocol == RTPROT_ZEBRA)
    flags |= ZEBRA_FLAG_SELFROUTE;

  index = 0;
  dest = NULL;
  gate = NULL;
  src = NULL;

  if (tb[RTA_OIF])
    index = *(int *) RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_OIF]);

  if (tb[RTA_DST])
    dest = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_DST]);
  else
    dest = anyaddr;

  if (tb[RTA_PREFSRC])
    src = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_PREFSRC]);

  if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY])
    gate = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]);

  if (tb[RTA_METRICS])
    {
      struct rtattr *mxrta[RTAX_MAX+1];

      memset (mxrta, 0, sizeof mxrta);
      netlink_parse_rtattr (mxrta, RTAX_MAX, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_METRICS]),
                            RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_METRICS]));

      if (mxrta[RTAX_MTU])
        mtu = *(u_int32_t *) RTA_DATA(mxrta[RTAX_MTU]);
    }

  if (rtm->rtm_family == AF_INET)
    {
      struct prefix_ipv4 p;
      p.family = AF_INET;
      memcpy (&p.prefix, dest, 4);
      p.prefixlen = rtm->rtm_dst_len;

      if (!tb[RTA_MULTIPATH])
          rib_add_ipv4 (ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL, flags, &p, gate, src, index,
                        vrf_id, table, 0, mtu, 0, SAFI_UNICAST);
      else
        {
          /* This is a multipath route */

          struct rib *rib;
          struct rtnexthop *rtnh =
            (struct rtnexthop *) RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]);

          len = RTA_PAYLOAD (tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]);

          rib = XCALLOC (MTYPE_RIB, sizeof (struct rib));
          rib->type = ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL;
          rib->distance = 0;
          rib->flags = flags;
          rib->metric = 0;
          rib->mtu = mtu;
          rib->vrf_id = vrf_id;
          rib->table = table;
          rib->nexthop_num = 0;
          rib->uptime = time (NULL);

          for (;;)
            {
              if (len < (int) sizeof (*rtnh) || rtnh->rtnh_len > len)
                break;

              index = rtnh->rtnh_ifindex;
              gate = 0;
              if (rtnh->rtnh_len > sizeof (*rtnh))
                {
                  memset (tb, 0, sizeof (tb));
                  netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, RTA_MAX, RTNH_DATA (rtnh),
                                        rtnh->rtnh_len - sizeof (*rtnh));
                  if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY])
                    gate = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]);
                }

              if (gate)
                {
                  if (index)
                    nexthop_ipv4_ifindex_add (rib, gate, src, index);
                  else
                    nexthop_ipv4_add (rib, gate, src);
                }
              else
                nexthop_ifindex_add (rib, index);

              len -= NLMSG_ALIGN(rtnh->rtnh_len);
              rtnh = RTNH_NEXT(rtnh);
            }

          if (rib->nexthop_num == 0)
            XFREE (MTYPE_RIB, rib);
          else
            rib_add_ipv4_multipath (&p, rib, SAFI_UNICAST);
        }
    }
#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  if (rtm->rtm_family == AF_INET6)
    {
      struct prefix_ipv6 p;
      p.family = AF_INET6;
      memcpy (&p.prefix, dest, 16);
      p.prefixlen = rtm->rtm_dst_len;

      rib_add_ipv6 (ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL, flags, &p, gate, index, vrf_id,
                    table, 0, mtu, 0, SAFI_UNICAST);
    }
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */

  return 0;
}

static const struct message rtproto_str[] = {
  {RTPROT_REDIRECT, "redirect"},
  {RTPROT_KERNEL,   "kernel"},
  {RTPROT_BOOT,     "boot"},
  {RTPROT_STATIC,   "static"},
  {RTPROT_GATED,    "GateD"},
  {RTPROT_RA,       "router advertisement"},
  {RTPROT_MRT,      "MRT"},
  {RTPROT_ZEBRA,    "Zebra"},
#ifdef RTPROT_BIRD
  {RTPROT_BIRD,     "BIRD"},
#endif /* RTPROT_BIRD */
  {0,               NULL}
};

/* Routing information change from the kernel. */
static int
netlink_route_change (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  int len;
  struct rtmsg *rtm;
  struct rtattr *tb[RTA_MAX + 1];

  char anyaddr[16] = { 0 };

  int index;
  int table;
  u_int32_t mtu = 0;

  void *dest;
  void *gate;
  void *src;

  rtm = NLMSG_DATA (h);

  if (!(h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE || h->nlmsg_type == RTM_DELROUTE))
    {
      /* If this is not route add/delete message print warning. */
      zlog_warn ("Kernel message: %d vrf %u\n", h->nlmsg_type, vrf_id);
      return 0;
    }

  /* Connected route. */
  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
    zlog_debug ("%s %s %s proto %s vrf %u",
               h->nlmsg_type ==
               RTM_NEWROUTE ? "RTM_NEWROUTE" : "RTM_DELROUTE",
               rtm->rtm_family == AF_INET ? "ipv4" : "ipv6",
               rtm->rtm_type == RTN_UNICAST ? "unicast" : "multicast",
               lookup (rtproto_str, rtm->rtm_protocol),
               vrf_id);

  if (rtm->rtm_type != RTN_UNICAST)
    {
      return 0;
    }

  table = rtm->rtm_table;
  if (table != RT_TABLE_MAIN && table != zebrad.rtm_table_default)
    {
      return 0;
    }

  len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct rtmsg));
  if (len < 0)
    return -1;

  memset (tb, 0, sizeof tb);
  netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, RTA_MAX, RTM_RTA (rtm), len);

  if (rtm->rtm_flags & RTM_F_CLONED)
    return 0;
  if (rtm->rtm_protocol == RTPROT_REDIRECT)
    return 0;
  if (rtm->rtm_protocol == RTPROT_KERNEL)
    return 0;

  if (rtm->rtm_protocol == RTPROT_ZEBRA && h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE)
    return 0;

  if (rtm->rtm_src_len != 0)
    {
      zlog_warn ("netlink_route_change(): no src len, vrf %u", vrf_id);
      return 0;
    }

  index = 0;
  dest = NULL;
  gate = NULL;
  src = NULL;

  if (tb[RTA_OIF])
    index = *(int *) RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_OIF]);

  if (tb[RTA_DST])
    dest = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_DST]);
  else
    dest = anyaddr;

  if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY])
    gate = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]);

  if (tb[RTA_PREFSRC])
    src = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_PREFSRC]);

  if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE)
    {
      if (tb[RTA_METRICS])
        {
          struct rtattr *mxrta[RTAX_MAX+1];

          memset (mxrta, 0, sizeof mxrta);
          netlink_parse_rtattr (mxrta, RTAX_MAX, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_METRICS]),
                                RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_METRICS]));

          if (mxrta[RTAX_MTU])
            mtu = *(u_int32_t *) RTA_DATA(mxrta[RTAX_MTU]);
        }
    }

  if (rtm->rtm_family == AF_INET)
    {
      struct prefix_ipv4 p;
      p.family = AF_INET;
      memcpy (&p.prefix, dest, 4);
      p.prefixlen = rtm->rtm_dst_len;

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        {
          char buf[PREFIX_STRLEN];
          zlog_debug ("%s %s vrf %u",
                      h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE ? "RTM_NEWROUTE" : "RTM_DELROUTE",
                      prefix2str (&p, buf, sizeof(buf)), vrf_id);
        }

      if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE)
        {
          if (!tb[RTA_MULTIPATH])
            rib_add_ipv4 (ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL, 0, &p, gate, src, index, vrf_id,
                          table, 0, mtu, 0, SAFI_UNICAST);
          else
            {
              /* This is a multipath route */

              struct rib *rib;
              struct rtnexthop *rtnh =
                (struct rtnexthop *) RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]);

              len = RTA_PAYLOAD (tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]);

              rib = XCALLOC (MTYPE_RIB, sizeof (struct rib));
              rib->type = ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL;
              rib->distance = 0;
              rib->flags = 0;
              rib->metric = 0;
              rib->mtu = mtu;
              rib->vrf_id = vrf_id;
              rib->table = table;
              rib->nexthop_num = 0;
              rib->uptime = time (NULL);

              for (;;)
                {
                  if (len < (int) sizeof (*rtnh) || rtnh->rtnh_len > len)
                    break;

                  index = rtnh->rtnh_ifindex;
                  gate = 0;
                  if (rtnh->rtnh_len > sizeof (*rtnh))
                    {
                      memset (tb, 0, sizeof (tb));
                      netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, RTA_MAX, RTNH_DATA (rtnh),
                                            rtnh->rtnh_len - sizeof (*rtnh));
                      if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY])
                        gate = RTA_DATA (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]);
                    }

                  if (gate)
                    {
                      if (index)
                        nexthop_ipv4_ifindex_add (rib, gate, src, index);
                      else
                        nexthop_ipv4_add (rib, gate, src);
                    }
                  else
                    nexthop_ifindex_add (rib, index);

                  len -= NLMSG_ALIGN(rtnh->rtnh_len);
                  rtnh = RTNH_NEXT(rtnh);
                }

              if (rib->nexthop_num == 0)
                XFREE (MTYPE_RIB, rib);
              else
                rib_add_ipv4_multipath (&p, rib, SAFI_UNICAST);
            }
        }
      else
        rib_delete_ipv4 (ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL, 0, &p, gate, index, vrf_id,
                         SAFI_UNICAST);
    }

#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  if (rtm->rtm_family == AF_INET6)
    {
      struct prefix_ipv6 p;

      p.family = AF_INET6;
      memcpy (&p.prefix, dest, 16);
      p.prefixlen = rtm->rtm_dst_len;

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        {
          char buf[PREFIX_STRLEN];
          zlog_debug ("%s %s vrf %u",
                      h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE ? "RTM_NEWROUTE" : "RTM_DELROUTE",
                      prefix2str (&p, buf, sizeof(buf)), vrf_id);
        }

      if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWROUTE)
        rib_add_ipv6 (ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL, 0, &p, gate, index, vrf_id, table,
                      0, mtu, 0, SAFI_UNICAST);
      else
        rib_delete_ipv6 (ZEBRA_ROUTE_KERNEL, 0, &p, gate, index, vrf_id,
                         SAFI_UNICAST);
    }
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */

  return 0;
}

static int
netlink_link_change (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  int len;
  struct ifinfomsg *ifi;
  struct rtattr *tb[IFLA_MAX + 1];
  struct interface *ifp;
  char *name;

  ifi = NLMSG_DATA (h);

  if (!(h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWLINK || h->nlmsg_type == RTM_DELLINK))
    {
      /* If this is not link add/delete message so print warning. */
      zlog_warn ("netlink_link_change: wrong kernel message %d vrf %u\n",
                 h->nlmsg_type, vrf_id);
      return 0;
    }

  len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct ifinfomsg));
  if (len < 0)
    return -1;

  /* Looking up interface name. */
  memset (tb, 0, sizeof tb);
  netlink_parse_rtattr (tb, IFLA_MAX, IFLA_RTA (ifi), len);

#ifdef IFLA_WIRELESS
  /* check for wireless messages to ignore */
  if ((tb[IFLA_WIRELESS] != NULL) && (ifi->ifi_change == 0))
    {
      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug ("%s: ignoring IFLA_WIRELESS message, vrf %u", __func__,
                    vrf_id);
      return 0;
    }
#endif /* IFLA_WIRELESS */
  
  if (tb[IFLA_IFNAME] == NULL)
    return -1;
  name = (char *) RTA_DATA (tb[IFLA_IFNAME]);

  /* Add interface. */
  if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWLINK)
    {
      ifp = if_lookup_by_name_vrf (name, vrf_id);

      if (ifp == NULL || !CHECK_FLAG (ifp->status, ZEBRA_INTERFACE_ACTIVE))
        {
          if (ifp == NULL)
            ifp = if_get_by_name_vrf (name, vrf_id);

          set_ifindex(ifp, ifi->ifi_index);
          ifp->flags = ifi->ifi_flags & 0x0000fffff;
          ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = *(int *) RTA_DATA (tb[IFLA_MTU]);
          ifp->metric = 0;

          netlink_interface_update_hw_addr (tb, ifp);

          /* If new link is added. */
          if_add_update (ifp);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Interface status change. */
          set_ifindex(ifp, ifi->ifi_index);
          ifp->mtu6 = ifp->mtu = *(int *) RTA_DATA (tb[IFLA_MTU]);
          ifp->metric = 0;

          netlink_interface_update_hw_addr (tb, ifp);

          if (if_is_operative (ifp))
            {
              ifp->flags = ifi->ifi_flags & 0x0000fffff;
              if (!if_is_operative (ifp))
                if_down (ifp);
	      else
		/* Must notify client daemons of new interface status. */
	        zebra_interface_up_update (ifp);
            }
          else
            {
              ifp->flags = ifi->ifi_flags & 0x0000fffff;
              if (if_is_operative (ifp))
                if_up (ifp);
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* RTM_DELLINK. */
      ifp = if_lookup_by_name_vrf (name, vrf_id);

      if (ifp == NULL)
        {
          zlog_warn ("interface %s vrf %u is deleted but can't find",
                     name, vrf_id);
          return 0;
        }

      if_delete_update (ifp);
    }

  return 0;
}

static int
netlink_information_fetch (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  /* JF: Ignore messages that aren't from the kernel */
  if ( snl->nl_pid != 0 )
    {
      zlog ( NULL, LOG_ERR, "Ignoring message from pid %u", snl->nl_pid );
      return 0;
    }

  switch (h->nlmsg_type)
    {
    case RTM_NEWROUTE:
      return netlink_route_change (snl, h, vrf_id);
      break;
    case RTM_DELROUTE:
      return netlink_route_change (snl, h, vrf_id);
      break;
    case RTM_NEWLINK:
      return netlink_link_change (snl, h, vrf_id);
      break;
    case RTM_DELLINK:
      return netlink_link_change (snl, h, vrf_id);
      break;
    case RTM_NEWADDR:
      return netlink_interface_addr (snl, h, vrf_id);
      break;
    case RTM_DELADDR:
      return netlink_interface_addr (snl, h, vrf_id);
      break;
    default:
      zlog_warn ("Unknown netlink nlmsg_type %d vrf %u\n", h->nlmsg_type,
                 vrf_id);
      break;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Interface lookup by netlink socket. */
int
interface_lookup_netlink (struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  int ret;

  /* Get interface information. */
  ret = netlink_request (AF_PACKET, RTM_GETLINK, &zvrf->netlink_cmd);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
  ret = netlink_parse_info (netlink_interface, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;

  /* Get IPv4 address of the interfaces. */
  ret = netlink_request (AF_INET, RTM_GETADDR, &zvrf->netlink_cmd);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
  ret = netlink_parse_info (netlink_interface_addr, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;

#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  /* Get IPv6 address of the interfaces. */
  ret = netlink_request (AF_INET6, RTM_GETADDR, &zvrf->netlink_cmd);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
  ret = netlink_parse_info (netlink_interface_addr, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */

  return 0;
}

/* Routing table read function using netlink interface.  Only called
   bootstrap time. */
int
netlink_route_read (struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  int ret;

  /* Get IPv4 routing table. */
  ret = netlink_request (AF_INET, RTM_GETROUTE, &zvrf->netlink_cmd);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
  ret = netlink_parse_info (netlink_routing_table, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;

#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  /* Get IPv6 routing table. */
  ret = netlink_request (AF_INET6, RTM_GETROUTE, &zvrf->netlink_cmd);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
  ret = netlink_parse_info (netlink_routing_table, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
  if (ret < 0)
    return ret;
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */

  return 0;
}

/* Utility function  comes from iproute2. 
   Authors:	Alexey Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru> */
int
addattr_l (struct nlmsghdr *n, size_t maxlen, int type, void *data, int alen)
{
  size_t len;
  struct rtattr *rta;

  len = RTA_LENGTH (alen);

  if (NLMSG_ALIGN (n->nlmsg_len) + len > maxlen)
    return -1;

  rta = (struct rtattr *) (((char *) n) + NLMSG_ALIGN (n->nlmsg_len));
  rta->rta_type = type;
  rta->rta_len = len;
  memcpy (RTA_DATA (rta), data, alen);
  n->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN (n->nlmsg_len) + len;

  return 0;
}

int
rta_addattr_l (struct rtattr *rta, int maxlen, int type, void *data, int alen)
{
  int len;
  struct rtattr *subrta;

  len = RTA_LENGTH (alen);

  if (RTA_ALIGN (rta->rta_len) + len > maxlen)
    return -1;

  subrta = (struct rtattr *) (((char *) rta) + RTA_ALIGN (rta->rta_len));
  subrta->rta_type = type;
  subrta->rta_len = len;
  memcpy (RTA_DATA (subrta), data, alen);
  rta->rta_len = NLMSG_ALIGN (rta->rta_len) + len;

  return 0;
}

/* Utility function comes from iproute2. 
   Authors:	Alexey Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru> */
int
addattr32 (struct nlmsghdr *n, size_t maxlen, int type, int data)
{
  size_t len;
  struct rtattr *rta;

  len = RTA_LENGTH (4);

  if (NLMSG_ALIGN (n->nlmsg_len) + len > maxlen)
    return -1;

  rta = (struct rtattr *) (((char *) n) + NLMSG_ALIGN (n->nlmsg_len));
  rta->rta_type = type;
  rta->rta_len = len;
  memcpy (RTA_DATA (rta), &data, 4);
  n->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN (n->nlmsg_len) + len;

  return 0;
}

static int
netlink_talk_filter (struct sockaddr_nl *snl, struct nlmsghdr *h,
    vrf_id_t vrf_id)
{
  zlog_warn ("netlink_talk: ignoring message type 0x%04x vrf %u", h->nlmsg_type,
             vrf_id);
  return 0;
}

/* sendmsg() to netlink socket then recvmsg(). */
static int
netlink_talk (struct nlmsghdr *n, struct nlsock *nl, struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  int status;
  struct sockaddr_nl snl;
  struct iovec iov = {
    .iov_base = (void *) n,
    .iov_len = n->nlmsg_len
  };
  struct msghdr msg = {
    .msg_name = (void *) &snl,
    .msg_namelen = sizeof snl,
    .msg_iov = &iov,
    .msg_iovlen = 1,
  };
  int save_errno;

  memset (&snl, 0, sizeof snl);
  snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;

  n->nlmsg_seq = ++nl->seq;

  /* Request an acknowledgement by setting NLM_F_ACK */
  n->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_ACK;

  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
    zlog_debug ("netlink_talk: %s type %s(%u), seq=%u", nl->name,
               lookup (nlmsg_str, n->nlmsg_type), n->nlmsg_type,
               n->nlmsg_seq);

  /* Send message to netlink interface. */
  if (zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_RAISE))
    zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't raise privileges");
  status = sendmsg (nl->sock, &msg, 0);
  save_errno = errno;
  if (zserv_privs.change (ZPRIVS_LOWER))
    zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "Can't lower privileges");

  if (status < 0)
    {
      zlog (NULL, LOG_ERR, "netlink_talk sendmsg() error: %s",
            safe_strerror (save_errno));
      return -1;
    }


  /* 
   * Get reply from netlink socket. 
   * The reply should either be an acknowlegement or an error.
   */
  return netlink_parse_info (netlink_talk_filter, nl, zvrf);
}

/* This function takes a nexthop as argument and adds
 * the appropriate netlink attributes to an existing
 * netlink message.
 *
 * @param routedesc: Human readable description of route type
 *                   (direct/recursive, single-/multipath)
 * @param bytelen: Length of addresses in bytes.
 * @param nexthop: Nexthop information
 * @param nlmsg: nlmsghdr structure to fill in.
 * @param req_size: The size allocated for the message.
 */
static void
_netlink_route_build_singlepath(
        const char *routedesc,
        int bytelen,
        struct nexthop *nexthop,
        struct nlmsghdr *nlmsg,
        struct rtmsg *rtmsg,
        size_t req_size)
{
  if (CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_ONLINK))
    rtmsg->rtm_flags |= RTNH_F_ONLINK;
  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV4
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV4_IFINDEX)
    {
      addattr_l (nlmsg, req_size, RTA_GATEWAY,
                 &nexthop->gate.ipv4, bytelen);
      if (nexthop->src.ipv4.s_addr)
        addattr_l (nlmsg, req_size, RTA_PREFSRC,
                   &nexthop->src.ipv4, bytelen);

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via %s if %u",
                   routedesc,
                   inet_ntoa (nexthop->gate.ipv4),
                   nexthop->ifindex);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFNAME
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFINDEX)
    {
      addattr_l (nlmsg, req_size, RTA_GATEWAY,
                 &nexthop->gate.ipv6, bytelen);

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via %s if %u",
                   routedesc,
                   inet6_ntoa (nexthop->gate.ipv6),
                   nexthop->ifindex);
    }
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IFINDEX
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IFNAME
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV4_IFINDEX)
    {
      addattr32 (nlmsg, req_size, RTA_OIF, nexthop->ifindex);

      if (nexthop->src.ipv4.s_addr)
        addattr_l (nlmsg, req_size, RTA_PREFSRC,
                   &nexthop->src.ipv4, bytelen);

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via if %u", routedesc, nexthop->ifindex);
    }

  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFINDEX
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFNAME)
    {
      addattr32 (nlmsg, req_size, RTA_OIF, nexthop->ifindex);

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via if %u", routedesc, nexthop->ifindex);
    }
}

/* This function takes a nexthop as argument and
 * appends to the given rtattr/rtnexthop pair the
 * representation of the nexthop. If the nexthop
 * defines a preferred source, the src parameter
 * will be modified to point to that src, otherwise
 * it will be kept unmodified.
 *
 * @param routedesc: Human readable description of route type
 *                   (direct/recursive, single-/multipath)
 * @param bytelen: Length of addresses in bytes.
 * @param nexthop: Nexthop information
 * @param rta: rtnetlink attribute structure
 * @param rtnh: pointer to an rtnetlink nexthop structure
 * @param src: pointer pointing to a location where
 *             the prefsrc should be stored.
 */
static void
_netlink_route_build_multipath(
        const char *routedesc,
        int bytelen,
        struct nexthop *nexthop,
        struct rtattr *rta,
        struct rtnexthop *rtnh,
        union g_addr **src
        )
{
  rtnh->rtnh_len = sizeof (*rtnh);
  rtnh->rtnh_flags = 0;
  rtnh->rtnh_hops = 0;
  rta->rta_len += rtnh->rtnh_len;

  if (CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_ONLINK))
    rtnh->rtnh_flags |= RTNH_F_ONLINK;

  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV4
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV4_IFINDEX)
    {
      rta_addattr_l (rta, NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE, RTA_GATEWAY,
                     &nexthop->gate.ipv4, bytelen);
      rtnh->rtnh_len += sizeof (struct rtattr) + bytelen;

      if (nexthop->src.ipv4.s_addr)
        *src = &nexthop->src;

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via %s if %u",
                   routedesc,
                   inet_ntoa (nexthop->gate.ipv4),
                   nexthop->ifindex);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFNAME
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFINDEX)
    {
      rta_addattr_l (rta, NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE, RTA_GATEWAY,
                     &nexthop->gate.ipv6, bytelen);
      rtnh->rtnh_len += sizeof (struct rtattr) + bytelen;

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via %s if %u",
                   routedesc,
                   inet6_ntoa (nexthop->gate.ipv6),
                   nexthop->ifindex);
    }
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
  /* ifindex */
  if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV4_IFINDEX
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IFINDEX
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IFNAME)
    {
      rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = nexthop->ifindex;
      if (nexthop->src.ipv4.s_addr)
        *src = &nexthop->src;
      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via if %u", routedesc, nexthop->ifindex);
    }
  else if (nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFNAME
      || nexthop->type == NEXTHOP_TYPE_IPV6_IFINDEX)
    {
      rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = nexthop->ifindex;

      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): "
                   "nexthop via if %u", routedesc, nexthop->ifindex);
    }
  else
    {
      rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = 0;
    }
}

/* Log debug information for netlink_route_multipath
 * if debug logging is enabled.
 *
 * @param cmd: Netlink command which is to be processed
 * @param p: Prefix for which the change is due
 * @param nexthop: Nexthop which is currently processed
 * @param routedesc: Semantic annotation for nexthop
 *                     (recursive, multipath, etc.)
 * @param family: Address family which the change concerns
 */
static void
_netlink_route_debug(
        int cmd,
        struct prefix *p,
        struct nexthop *nexthop,
        const char *routedesc,
        int family,
        struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
    {
      char buf[PREFIX_STRLEN];
      zlog_debug ("netlink_route_multipath() (%s): %s %s vrf %u type %s",
         routedesc,
         lookup (nlmsg_str, cmd),
         prefix2str (p, buf, sizeof(buf)),
         zvrf->vrf_id,
         nexthop_type_to_str (nexthop->type));
    }
}

/* Routing table change via netlink interface. */
static int
netlink_route_multipath (int cmd, struct prefix *p, struct rib *rib)
{
  int bytelen;
  struct sockaddr_nl snl;
  struct nexthop *nexthop = NULL, *tnexthop;
  int recursing;
  int nexthop_num;
  int discard;
  int family = PREFIX_FAMILY(p);
  const char *routedesc;

  struct
  {
    struct nlmsghdr n;
    struct rtmsg r;
    char buf[NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE];
  } req;

  struct zebra_vrf *zvrf = vrf_info_lookup (rib->vrf_id);

  memset (&req, 0, sizeof req - NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE);

  bytelen = (family == AF_INET ? 4 : 16);

  req.n.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct rtmsg));
  req.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_REPLACE | NLM_F_REQUEST;
  req.n.nlmsg_type = cmd;
  req.r.rtm_family = family;
  req.r.rtm_table = rib->table;
  req.r.rtm_dst_len = p->prefixlen;
  req.r.rtm_protocol = RTPROT_ZEBRA;
  req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_LINK;

  if ((rib->flags & ZEBRA_FLAG_BLACKHOLE) || (rib->flags & ZEBRA_FLAG_REJECT))
    discard = 1;
  else
    discard = 0;

  if (cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE)
    {
      if (discard)
        {
          if (rib->flags & ZEBRA_FLAG_BLACKHOLE)
            req.r.rtm_type = RTN_BLACKHOLE;
          else if (rib->flags & ZEBRA_FLAG_REJECT)
            req.r.rtm_type = RTN_UNREACHABLE;
          else
            assert (RTN_BLACKHOLE != RTN_UNREACHABLE);  /* false */
        }
      else
        req.r.rtm_type = RTN_UNICAST;
    }

  addattr_l (&req.n, sizeof req, RTA_DST, &p->u.prefix, bytelen);

  /* Metric. */
  addattr32 (&req.n, sizeof req, RTA_PRIORITY, NL_DEFAULT_ROUTE_METRIC);

  if (rib->mtu || rib->nexthop_mtu)
    {
      char buf[NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE];
      struct rtattr *rta = (void *) buf;
      u_int32_t mtu = rib->mtu;
      if (!mtu || (rib->nexthop_mtu && rib->nexthop_mtu < mtu))
        mtu = rib->nexthop_mtu;
      rta->rta_type = RTA_METRICS;
      rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(0);
      rta_addattr_l (rta, NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE, RTAX_MTU, &mtu, sizeof mtu);
      addattr_l (&req.n, NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE, RTA_METRICS, RTA_DATA (rta),
                 RTA_PAYLOAD (rta));
    }

  if (discard)
    {
      if (cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE)
        for (ALL_NEXTHOPS_RO(rib->nexthop, nexthop, tnexthop, recursing))
          {
            /* We shouldn't encounter recursive nexthops on discard routes,
             * but it is probably better to handle that case correctly anyway.
             */
            if (CHECK_FLAG(nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_RECURSIVE))
              continue;
            SET_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_FIB);
          }
      goto skip;
    }

  /* Count overall nexthops so we can decide whether to use singlepath
   * or multipath case. */
  nexthop_num = 0;
  for (ALL_NEXTHOPS_RO(rib->nexthop, nexthop, tnexthop, recursing))
    {
      if (CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_RECURSIVE))
        continue;
      if (cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE && !CHECK_FLAG(nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_ACTIVE))
        continue;
      if (cmd == RTM_DELROUTE && !CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_FIB))
        continue;

      if (nexthop->type != NEXTHOP_TYPE_IFINDEX &&
          nexthop->type != NEXTHOP_TYPE_IFNAME)
        req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;

      nexthop_num++;
    }

  /* Singlepath case. */
  if (nexthop_num == 1 || MULTIPATH_NUM == 1)
    {
      nexthop_num = 0;
      for (ALL_NEXTHOPS_RO(rib->nexthop, nexthop, tnexthop, recursing))
        {
          if (CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_RECURSIVE))
            continue;

          if ((cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE
               && CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_ACTIVE))
              || (cmd == RTM_DELROUTE
                  && CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_FIB)))
            {
              routedesc = recursing ? "recursive, 1 hop" : "single hop";

              _netlink_route_debug(cmd, p, nexthop, routedesc, family, zvrf);
              _netlink_route_build_singlepath(routedesc, bytelen,
                                              nexthop, &req.n, &req.r,
                                              sizeof req);

              if (cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE)
                SET_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_FIB);

              nexthop_num++;
              break;
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      char buf[NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE];
      struct rtattr *rta = (void *) buf;
      struct rtnexthop *rtnh;
      union g_addr *src = NULL;

      rta->rta_type = RTA_MULTIPATH;
      rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH (0);
      rtnh = RTA_DATA (rta);

      nexthop_num = 0;
      for (ALL_NEXTHOPS_RO(rib->nexthop, nexthop, tnexthop, recursing))
        {
          if (MULTIPATH_NUM != 0 && nexthop_num >= MULTIPATH_NUM)
            break;

          if (CHECK_FLAG(nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_RECURSIVE))
            continue;

          if ((cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE
               && CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_ACTIVE))
              || (cmd == RTM_DELROUTE
                  && CHECK_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_FIB)))
            {
              routedesc = recursing ? "recursive, multihop" : "multihop";
              nexthop_num++;

              _netlink_route_debug(cmd, p, nexthop,
                                   routedesc, family, zvrf);
              _netlink_route_build_multipath(routedesc, bytelen,
                                             nexthop, rta, rtnh, &src);
              rtnh = RTNH_NEXT (rtnh);

              if (cmd == RTM_NEWROUTE)
                SET_FLAG (nexthop->flags, NEXTHOP_FLAG_FIB);
            }
        }
      if (src)
        addattr_l (&req.n, sizeof req, RTA_PREFSRC, &src->ipv4, bytelen);

      if (rta->rta_len > RTA_LENGTH (0))
        addattr_l (&req.n, NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE, RTA_MULTIPATH, RTA_DATA (rta),
                   RTA_PAYLOAD (rta));
    }

  /* If there is no useful nexthop then return. */
  if (nexthop_num == 0)
    {
      if (IS_ZEBRA_DEBUG_KERNEL)
        zlog_debug ("netlink_route_multipath(): No useful nexthop.");
      return 0;
    }

skip:

  /* Destination netlink address. */
  memset (&snl, 0, sizeof snl);
  snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;

  /* Talk to netlink socket. */
  return netlink_talk (&req.n, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
}

int
kernel_route_rib (struct prefix *p, struct rib *old, struct rib *new)
{
  if (!old && new)
    return netlink_route_multipath (RTM_NEWROUTE, p, new);
  if (old && !new)
    return netlink_route_multipath (RTM_DELROUTE, p, old);

   /* Replace, can be done atomically if metric does not change;
    * netlink uses [prefix, tos, priority] to identify prefix.
    * Now metric is not sent to kernel, so we can just do atomic replace. */
  return netlink_route_multipath (RTM_NEWROUTE, p, new);
}

/* Interface address modification. */
static int
netlink_address (int cmd, int family, struct interface *ifp,
                 struct connected *ifc)
{
  int bytelen;
  struct prefix *p;

  struct
  {
    struct nlmsghdr n;
    struct ifaddrmsg ifa;
    char buf[NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE];
  } req;

  struct zebra_vrf *zvrf = vrf_info_lookup (ifp->vrf_id);

  p = ifc->address;
  memset (&req, 0, sizeof req - NL_PKT_BUF_SIZE);

  bytelen = (family == AF_INET ? 4 : 16);

  req.n.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH (sizeof (struct ifaddrmsg));
  req.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
  req.n.nlmsg_type = cmd;
  req.ifa.ifa_family = family;

  req.ifa.ifa_index = ifp->ifindex;
  req.ifa.ifa_prefixlen = p->prefixlen;

  addattr_l (&req.n, sizeof req, IFA_LOCAL, &p->u.prefix, bytelen);

  if (family == AF_INET && cmd == RTM_NEWADDR)
    {
      if (!CONNECTED_PEER(ifc) && ifc->destination)
        {
          p = ifc->destination;
          addattr_l (&req.n, sizeof req, IFA_BROADCAST, &p->u.prefix,
                     bytelen);
        }
    }

  if (CHECK_FLAG (ifc->flags, ZEBRA_IFA_SECONDARY))
    SET_FLAG (req.ifa.ifa_flags, IFA_F_SECONDARY);

  if (ifc->label)
    addattr_l (&req.n, sizeof req, IFA_LABEL, ifc->label,
               strlen (ifc->label) + 1);

  return netlink_talk (&req.n, &zvrf->netlink_cmd, zvrf);
}

int
kernel_address_add_ipv4 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
{
  return netlink_address (RTM_NEWADDR, AF_INET, ifp, ifc);
}

int
kernel_address_delete_ipv4 (struct interface *ifp, struct connected *ifc)
{
  return netlink_address (RTM_DELADDR, AF_INET, ifp, ifc);
}


extern struct thread_master *master;

/* Kernel route reflection. */
static int
kernel_read (struct thread *thread)
{
  struct zebra_vrf *zvrf = (struct zebra_vrf *)THREAD_ARG (thread);
  netlink_parse_info (netlink_information_fetch, &zvrf->netlink, zvrf);
  zvrf->t_netlink = thread_add_read (zebrad.master, kernel_read, zvrf,
                                     zvrf->netlink.sock);

  return 0;
}

/* Filter out messages from self that occur on listener socket,
   caused by our actions on the command socket
 */
static void netlink_install_filter (int sock, __u32 pid)
{
  struct sock_filter filter[] = {
    /* 0: ldh [4]	          */
    BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_ABS|BPF_H, offsetof(struct nlmsghdr, nlmsg_type)),
    /* 1: jeq 0x18 jt 3 jf 6  */
    BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, htons(RTM_NEWROUTE), 1, 0),
    /* 2: jeq 0x19 jt 3 jf 6  */
    BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, htons(RTM_DELROUTE), 0, 3),
    /* 3: ldw [12]		  */
    BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_ABS|BPF_W, offsetof(struct nlmsghdr, nlmsg_pid)),
    /* 4: jeq XX  jt 5 jf 6   */
    BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, htonl(pid), 0, 1),
    /* 5: ret 0    (skip)     */
    BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0),
    /* 6: ret 0xffff (keep)   */
    BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0xffff),
  };

  struct sock_fprog prog = {
    .len = array_size(filter),
    .filter = filter,
  };

  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &prog, sizeof(prog)) < 0)
    zlog_warn ("Can't install socket filter: %s\n", safe_strerror(errno));
}

/* Exported interface function.  This function simply calls
   netlink_socket (). */
void
kernel_init (struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  unsigned long groups;

  groups = RTMGRP_LINK | RTMGRP_IPV4_ROUTE | RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADDR;
#ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  groups |= RTMGRP_IPV6_ROUTE | RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR;
#endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
  netlink_socket (&zvrf->netlink, groups, zvrf->vrf_id);
  netlink_socket (&zvrf->netlink_cmd, 0, zvrf->vrf_id);

  /* Register kernel socket. */
  if (zvrf->netlink.sock > 0)
    {
      /* Only want non-blocking on the netlink event socket */
      if (fcntl (zvrf->netlink.sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
        zlog_err ("Can't set %s socket flags: %s", zvrf->netlink.name,
                  safe_strerror (errno));

      /* Set receive buffer size if it's set from command line */
      if (nl_rcvbufsize)
        netlink_recvbuf (&zvrf->netlink, nl_rcvbufsize);

      netlink_install_filter (zvrf->netlink.sock, zvrf->netlink_cmd.snl.nl_pid);
      zvrf->t_netlink = thread_add_read (zebrad.master, kernel_read, zvrf,
                                         zvrf->netlink.sock);
    }
}

void
kernel_terminate (struct zebra_vrf *zvrf)
{
  THREAD_READ_OFF (zvrf->t_netlink);

  if (zvrf->netlink.sock >= 0)
    {
      close (zvrf->netlink.sock);
      zvrf->netlink.sock = -1;
    }

  if (zvrf->netlink_cmd.sock >= 0)
    {
      close (zvrf->netlink_cmd.sock);
      zvrf->netlink_cmd.sock = -1;
    }
}

/*
 * nl_msg_type_to_str
 */
const char *
nl_msg_type_to_str (uint16_t msg_type)
{
  return lookup (nlmsg_str, msg_type);
}

/*
 * nl_rtproto_to_str
 */
const char *
nl_rtproto_to_str (u_char rtproto)
{
  return lookup (rtproto_str, rtproto);
}