diff --git a/editor.py b/editor.py
index 62afbb9..489c6cd 100644
--- a/editor.py
+++ b/editor.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 
       try:
         rc = subprocess.Popen(args, shell=shell).wait()
-      except OSError, e:
+      except OSError as e:
         raise EditorError('editor failed, %s: %s %s'
           % (str(e), editor, path))
       if rc != 0:
diff --git a/git_command.py b/git_command.py
index 82709b9..a40e6c0 100644
--- a/git_command.py
+++ b/git_command.py
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
                            stdin = stdin,
                            stdout = stdout,
                            stderr = stderr)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
       raise GitError('%s: %s' % (command[1], e))
 
     if ssh_proxy:
diff --git a/git_config.py b/git_config.py
index afaa6f1..ae28855 100644
--- a/git_config.py
+++ b/git_config.py
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
     try:
       Trace(': %s', ' '.join(command))
       p = subprocess.Popen(command)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
       _ssh_master = False
       print >>sys.stderr, \
         '\nwarn: cannot enable ssh control master for %s:%s\n%s' \
@@ -592,9 +592,9 @@
           else:
             host, port = info.split()
             self._review_url = self._SshReviewUrl(userEmail, host, port)
-        except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+        except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
           raise UploadError('%s: %s' % (self.review, str(e)))
-        except urllib2.URLError, e:
+        except urllib2.URLError as e:
           raise UploadError('%s: %s' % (self.review, str(e)))
 
         REVIEW_CACHE[u] = self._review_url
diff --git a/main.py b/main.py
index 278fd36..d993ee4 100755
--- a/main.py
+++ b/main.py
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@
           else:
             print >>sys.stderr, 'real\t%dh%dm%.3fs' \
               % (hours, minutes, seconds)
-    except DownloadError, e:
+    except DownloadError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % str(e)
       return 1
-    except ManifestInvalidRevisionError, e:
+    except ManifestInvalidRevisionError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % str(e)
       return 1
-    except NoSuchProjectError, e:
+    except NoSuchProjectError as e:
       if e.name:
         print >>sys.stderr, 'error: project %s not found' % e.name
       else:
@@ -390,14 +390,14 @@
       close_ssh()
   except KeyboardInterrupt:
     result = 1
-  except RepoChangedException, rce:
+  except RepoChangedException as rce:
     # If repo changed, re-exec ourselves.
     #
     argv = list(sys.argv)
     argv.extend(rce.extra_args)
     try:
       os.execv(__file__, argv)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: cannot restart repo after upgrade'
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % e
       result = 128
diff --git a/manifest_xml.py b/manifest_xml.py
index 04cabaa..ab842f3 100644
--- a/manifest_xml.py
+++ b/manifest_xml.py
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
             # tricky.  actual parsing implementation may vary.
             except (KeyboardInterrupt, RuntimeError, SystemExit):
                 raise
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 raise ManifestParseError(
                     "failed parsing included manifest %s: %s", (name, e))
         else:
diff --git a/project.py b/project.py
index 472b1d3..96feb94 100644
--- a/project.py
+++ b/project.py
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
 
       try:
         self._Checkout(revid, quiet=True)
-      except GitError, e:
+      except GitError as e:
         syncbuf.fail(self, e)
         return
       self._CopyFiles()
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@
                    branch.name)
       try:
         self._Checkout(revid, quiet=True)
-      except GitError, e:
+      except GitError as e:
         syncbuf.fail(self, e)
         return
       self._CopyFiles()
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@
       try:
         self._ResetHard(revid)
         self._CopyFiles()
-      except GitError, e:
+      except GitError as e:
         syncbuf.fail(self, e)
         return
     else:
@@ -1723,7 +1723,7 @@
           continue
       try:
         os.symlink(os.path.relpath(stock_hook, os.path.dirname(dst)), dst)
-      except OSError, e:
+      except OSError as e:
         if e.errno == errno.EPERM:
           raise GitError('filesystem must support symlinks')
         else:
@@ -1786,7 +1786,7 @@
             os.symlink(os.path.relpath(src, os.path.dirname(dst)), dst)
           else:
             raise GitError('cannot overwrite a local work tree')
-        except OSError, e:
+        except OSError as e:
           if e.errno == errno.EPERM:
             raise GitError('filesystem must support symlinks')
           else:
diff --git a/repo b/repo
index 32cd178..7942851 100755
--- a/repo
+++ b/repo
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
   if not os.path.isdir(repodir):
     try:
       os.mkdir(repodir)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, \
             'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (
             repodir, e.strerror)
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
   cmd = [GIT, '--version']
   try:
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-  except OSError, e:
+  except OSError as e:
     print >>sys.stderr
     print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: '%s' is not available" % GIT
     print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % e
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
   if not os.path.isdir(home_dot_repo):
     try:
       os.mkdir(home_dot_repo)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, \
             'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (
             home_dot_repo, e.strerror)
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
   if not os.path.isdir(gpg_dir):
     try:
       os.mkdir(gpg_dir, 0700)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, \
             'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (
             gpg_dir, e.strerror)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                             env = env,
                             stdin = subprocess.PIPE)
-  except OSError, e:
+  except OSError as e:
     if not quiet:
       print >>sys.stderr, 'warning: gpg (GnuPG) is not available.'
       print >>sys.stderr, 'warning: Installing it is strongly encouraged.'
@@ -392,13 +392,13 @@
   try:
     try:
       r = urllib2.urlopen(url)
-    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+    except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
       if e.code == 404:
         return False
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: Cannot get %s' % url
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: HTTP error %s' % e.code
       raise CloneFailure()
-    except urllib2.URLError, e:
+    except urllib2.URLError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: Cannot get %s' % url
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: error %s' % e.reason
       raise CloneFailure()
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
   """
   try:
     os.mkdir(local)
-  except OSError, e:
+  except OSError as e:
     print >>sys.stderr, \
           'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' \
           % (local, e.strerror)
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
   cmd = [GIT, 'init', '--quiet']
   try:
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd = local)
-  except OSError, e:
+  except OSError as e:
     print >>sys.stderr
     print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: '%s' is not available" % GIT
     print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % e
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
   me.extend(extra_args)
   try:
     os.execv(repo_main, me)
-  except OSError, e:
+  except OSError as e:
     print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: unable to start %s" % repo_main
     print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: %s" % e
     sys.exit(148)
diff --git a/subcmds/init.py b/subcmds/init.py
index 007667e..b6b9807 100644
--- a/subcmds/init.py
+++ b/subcmds/init.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
 
     try:
       self.manifest.Link(name)
-    except ManifestParseError, e:
+    except ManifestParseError as e:
       print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: manifest '%s' not available" % name
       print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % str(e)
       sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/subcmds/sync.py b/subcmds/sync.py
index e68a025..d16605f 100644
--- a/subcmds/sync.py
+++ b/subcmds/sync.py
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@
               # in the .netrc file.
               print >>sys.stderr, 'No credentials found for %s in .netrc' % \
                                   parse_result.hostname
-            except netrc.NetrcParseError, e:
+            except netrc.NetrcParseError as e:
               print >>sys.stderr, 'Error parsing .netrc file: %s' % e
 
         if (username and password):
@@ -464,11 +464,11 @@
         else:
           print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % manifest_str
           sys.exit(1)
-      except (socket.error, IOError, xmlrpclib.Fault), e:
+      except (socket.error, IOError, xmlrpclib.Fault) as e:
         print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot connect to manifest server %s:\n%s' % (
             self.manifest.manifest_server, e)
         sys.exit(1)
-      except xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, e:
+      except xmlrpclib.ProtocolError as e:
         print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot connect to manifest server %s:\n%d %s' % (
             self.manifest.manifest_server, e.errcode, e.errmsg)
         sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/subcmds/upload.py b/subcmds/upload.py
index 685e342..84a5e44 100644
--- a/subcmds/upload.py
+++ b/subcmds/upload.py
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
 
         branch.UploadForReview(people, auto_topic=opt.auto_topic, draft=opt.draft)
         branch.uploaded = True
-      except UploadError, e:
+      except UploadError as e:
         branch.error = e
         branch.uploaded = False
         have_errors = True
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@
       pending_proj_names = [project.name for (project, avail) in pending]
       try:
         hook.Run(opt.allow_all_hooks, project_list=pending_proj_names)
-      except HookError, e:
+      except HookError as e:
         print >>sys.stderr, "ERROR: %s" % str(e)
         return