..
   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: © 2021 Open Networking Foundation <support@opennetworking.org>
   SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

.. _sdcore-testing:

Test frameworks and coverage
============================

Test Framework
--------------

NG40
""""

NG40 tool is used as RAN emulator in SD-Core testing. NG40 runs inside a VM
which is connected to both Aether control plane and data plane. In testing
scenarios that involve data plane verification, NG40 also emulates a few
application servers which serve as the destinations of data packets.

A typical NG40 test case involves UE attaching, data plane verification and
UE detaching. During the test NG40 acts as UEs and eNBs and talks to the
mobile core to complete attach procedures for each UE it emulates. Then NG40
verifies that data plane works for each attached UE by sending traffic between
UEs and application servers. Before finishing each test NG40 performs detach
procedures for each attached UE.

Test cases
''''''''''

Currently the following NG40 test cases are implemented:

4G Tests:

1. ``4G_M2AS_PING_FIX`` (attach, dl ping, detach)
2. ``4G_M2AS_UDP`` (attach, dl+ul udp traffic, detach)
3. ``4G_M2AS_TCP`` (attach, release, service request, dl+ul tcp traffic, detach)
4. ``4G_AS2M_PAGING`` (attach, release, dl udp traffic, detach)
5. ``4G_M2AS_SRQ_UDP`` (attach, release, service request, dl+ul udp traffic)
6. ``4G_M2CN_PS`` (combined IMSI/PTMSI attach, detach)
7. ``4G_HO`` (attach, relocate and dl ping, detach)
8. ``4G_SCALE`` (attach, dl ping, detach with multiple UEs)
9. ``4G_3_APPS`` (4G attach-detach with ICMP/UDP Data test with 3 applications)
10. ``4G_SCALE_HO`` (attach, Handover, dl ping, detach with multiple UEs)
11. ``4G_ATTACH_STRESS`` (attach-detach 200 times consecutively)
12. ``4G_TAU`` (attach, Tracking Area Update, detach)

5G Tests:

1. ``5G_SA_Register_Deregister`` (registration, deregistration)
2. ``5G_SA_Register`` (registration, session establishment, deregistration)
3. ``5G_SA_Release`` (registration, session establishment, dl ping, release, deregistration)
4. ``5G_SA_Activate_Release`` (registration, session establishment, dl ping, release, service request,
   dl ping, deregistration)
5. ``5G_SA_Scale`` (registration, session establishment, dl ping, deregistration for multiple UEs)
6. ``5G_SA_M2AS_ICMP`` (registration, session establishment, dl ping, deregistration)
7. ``5G_SA_M2AS_TCP`` (registration, session establishment, dl+ul tcp traffic, deregistration)
8. ``5G_SA_M2AS_UDP`` (registration, session establishment, dl+ul udp traffic, deregistration)
9. ``5G_SA_SCALE`` (registration, session establishment, dl+ul udp traffic, deregistration with multiple UEs)
10. ``5G_SA_Error_Malformed_Reg_Type`` (Error Scenario: registration with malformed registration type)
11. ``5G_SA_Error_Auth_response_with_invalid_RES`` (Error Scenario: Invalid RES sent in Auth Response)

All the test cases are parameterized and can take arguments to specify number
of UEs, attach/detach rate, traffic type/rate etc. For example, ``4G_SCALE``
test case can be configured as a mini scalability test which performs only 5
UE attaches in a patchset pre-merge test, while in the nightly tests it can
take different arguments to run 10K UE attaches with a high attach rate.

Test suites
'''''''''''

The test cases are atomic testing units and can be combined to build test
suites. The following test suites have been built so far:

1. ``functionality test suite`` verifies basic functionality of the
   mobile core. 4G functionality suite runs 4G test case #1 to #8 including
   ``4G_SCALE`` which attaches 5 UEs with 1/s attach rate. 5G functionality
   suite runs 5G test case #1 to #8 including ``5G_SA_Scale`` which attaches
   100 UEs with 1/s attach rate.
2. ``scalability test suite`` tests the system by scale and verifies
   system stability. It runs ``4G_SCALE`` (or ``5G_SA_Scale``) which attaches
   a large number of UEs with high attach rate (16k UEs with 100/s rate on 4G
   CI pod, 1k UEs with 10/s rate on 4G staging pod, and 1k UEs with 1/s rate
   on 5G CI pod).
3. ``performance test suite`` measures performance of the control and
   data plane. It runs ``4G_SCALE`` multiple times with different attach rates
   to understand how the system performs under different loads.

Robot Framework
"""""""""""""""

Robot Framework was chosen to build test cases that involve interacting with
not only NG40 but also other parts of the system. In these scenarios Robot
Framework acts as a high level orchestrator which drives various components
of the system using component specific libraries including NG40.

Currently the ``Integration test suite`` is implemented using Robot
Framework. In the integration tests Robot Framework calls the ng40 library to
perform normal attach/detach procedures. Meanwhile it injects failures into
the system (container restarts, link down etc.) by calling functions
implemented in the k8s library.

The following integration tests are implemented at the moment:

4G Tests:

1. Subscriber Attach with HSS Restart (attach, Restart HSS, detach)
2. Subscriber Attach with SPGWC Restart (attach, Restart SPGWC, detach)
3. Subscriber Attach Detach HSS Restart Attach Detach (attach-detach, Restart HSS, attach-detach)
4. Subscriber Attach Detach SPGWC Restart Attach Detach (attach-detach, Restart SPGWC, attach-detach)
5. Measure Downtime for HSS Restart (Verifies if HSS restarts within acceptable time limit)
6. Measure Downtime for SPGWC Restart (Verifies if SPGWC restarts within acceptable time limit)

5G Tests:

1. ``Subscriber Register-Deregister with SMF Restart`` (registration, SMF Restart, deregistration)
2. ``Subscriber Register-Deregister with AUSF Restart`` (registration, AUSF Restart, deregistration)
3. ``Subscriber Register-Deregister with NRF Restart`` (registration, NRF Restart, deregistration)
4. ``Subscriber Register-Deregister with NSSF Restart`` (registration, NSSF Restart, deregistration)
5. ``Subscriber Register-Deregister with PCF Restart`` (registration, PCF Restart, deregistration)
6. ``Subscriber Register-Deregister with UDR Restart`` (registration, UDR Restart, deregistration)
7. ``Measure Downtime for SMF Restart`` (Verifies if SMF restarts within acceptable time limit)
8. ``Measure Downtime for AUSF Restart`` (Verifies if AUSF restarts within acceptable time limit)
9. ``Measure Downtime for NRF Restart`` (Verifies if NRF restarts within acceptable time limit)
10. ``Measure Downtime for NSSF Restart`` (Verifies if NSSF restarts within acceptable time limit)
11. ``Measure Downtime for PCF Restart`` (Verifies if PCF restarts within acceptable time limit)
12. ``Measure Downtime for UDR Restart`` (Verifies if UDR restarts within acceptable time limit)
13. ``Context Replacement at AMF`` (Verifies context replacement at AMF after NG40 restart)
14. ``Context Replacement at UPF`` (Verifies context replacement at UPF after SMF restart)

.. Note::
  More integration tests are being developed as part of Robot Framework

Test Schedules
--------------

Nightly Tests
"""""""""""""

SD-Core nightly tests are a set of jobs managed by Aether Jenkins.
All four test suites we mentioned above are scheduled to run nightly.

1. ``functionality job (func)`` runs NG40 test cases included in the
   functionality suite and Integration test suite and verifies all tests pass.
2. ``scalability job (scale)`` runs the scalability test suite and reports
   the number of successful/failed attaches, detaches and pings.

And all these jobs can be scheduled on any of the Aether PODs including
``ci-4g`` pod, ``ci-5g`` pod, ``qa`` pod and ``qa2`` pod. By combining
the test type and test pod the following Jenkins jobs are generated:

1. ``ci-4g`` pod: `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_func`, `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_scale`
2. ``ci-5g`` pod: `sdcore_ci-5g_5g_bess_func`, `sdcore_ci-5g_5g_bess_scale`
3. ``qa`` pod: `sdcore_qa_4g_bess_func`, `sdcore_qa_4g_bess_scale`
4. ``qa2`` pod: `sdcore_qa2_4g_bess_func`, `sdcore_qa2_4g_bess_scale`

Nightly Job structure
"""""""""""""""""""""

Take `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_scale` job as an example. It runs the following downstream jobs:

1. `sdcore_ci-4g_deploy`: this job re-deploys the ``ci-4g`` pod with latest OMEC images.

.. Note::
  only the ``ci-4g`` and ``ci-5g`` pod jobs trigger deployment downstream job. No
  re-deployment is performed on the qa and qa2 pods before the tests.

2. `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_robot-test`: this job executes the scalability test suite.
3. `archive-artifacts_ci-4g`: this job collects and uploads k8s and container logs.
4. `post-results_ci-4g`: this job collects the NG40 test logs/pcaps and pushes the
   test data to database. It also generates plots using Rscript for func and
   scale tests.

The integration tests are written using Robot Framework and are executed along
   with the functional tests. Take `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_func` as an example. It runs the
   following downstream jobs:

1. `sdcore_ci-4g_deploy`: this job executes the scalability test suite.
2. `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_robot-test`: this job calls robot
   framework to execute the test cases and publishes the test results using
   `RobotPublisher` Jenkins plugin. The robot results will also be copied to
   the upstream job and published there.
3. `archive-artifacts_ci-4g`: this job collects and uploads k8s and container logs.
4. `post-results_ci-4g`: this job collects the NG40 test logs/pcaps and pushes the
   test data to database. It also generates plots using Rscript for func and
   scale tests.

Patchset Tests
--------------

SD-Core pre-merge verification covers the following public Github repos: ``c3po``,
``Nucleus``, ``upf-epc`` and the following private Github repos: ``spgw``. ``amf``,
``smf``, ``ausf``, ``nssf``, ``nrf``, ``pcf``, ``udm``, ``udr``, ``webconsole``.
SD-Core CI verifies the following:

1. ONF CLA verification
2. License verification (FOSSA/Reuse)
3. NG40 tests

These jobs are automatically triggered by submitted or updated PR to the repos
above. They can also be triggered manually by commenting ``retest this please``
to the PR. At this moment only CLI and NG40 verification are mandatory.

The NG40 verification are a set of jobs running on both opencord Jenkins and
Aether Jenkins (private). The jobs run on opencord Jenkins include

1. `omec_c3po_container_remote <https://jenkins.opencord.org/job/omec_c3po_container_remote/>`_ (public)
2. `omec_Nucleus_container_remote <https://jenkins.opencord.org/job/omec_Nucleus_container_remote/>`_ (public)
3. `omec_spgw_container_remote` (private, under member-only folder)

And the jobs run on Aether Jenkins include

1. `c3po_premerge_ci-4g_4g_bess`
2. `Nucleus_premerge_ci-4g_4g_bess`
3. `upf-epc_premerge_ci-4g_4g_bess`
4. `spgw_premerge_ci-4g_4g_bess`
5. `amf_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
6. `smf_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
7. `ausf_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
8. `nssf_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
9. `nrf_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
10. `pcf_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
11. `udm_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
12. `udr_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`
13. `webconsole_premerge_ci-5g_5g_bess`

Patchset Job structure
""""""""""""""""""""""

Take ``c3po`` jobs as an example. ``c3po`` PR triggers a public job
`omec_c3po_container_remote
<https://jenkins.opencord.org/job/omec_c3po_container_remote/>`_ job running
on opencord Jenkins through Github webhooks, which then triggers a private job
`c3po_premerge_ci-4g_4g_bess` running on Aether Jenkins using a Jenkins plugin called
`Parameterized Remote Trigger Plugin
<https://www.jenkins.io/doc/pipeline/steps/Parameterized-Remote-Trigger/>`_.

The private ``c3po`` job runs the following downstream jobs sequentially:

1. `docker-publish-github_c3po`: this job downloads the ``c3po`` PR, runs docker
   build and publishes the ``c3po`` docker images to `Aether registry`.
2. `sdcore_ci-4g_deploy`: this job deploys the images built from previous job onto
   the omec ``ci-4g`` pod.
3. `sdcore_ci-4g_4g_bess_robot-test`: this job executes the functionality test suite.
4. `archive-artifacts_ci-4g`: this job collects and uploads k8s and container logs.

After all the downstream jobs are finished, the upstream job (`c3po_premerge_ci-4g_4g_bess`)
copies artifacts including k8s/container/ng40 logs and pcap files from
downstream jobs and saves them as Jenkins job artifacts.

These artifacts are also copied to and published by the public job
(`omec_c3po_container_remote <https://jenkins.opencord.org/job/omec_c3po_container_remote/>`_)
on opencord Jenkins so that they can be accessed by the OMEC community.

Pre-merge jobs for other SD-Core repos share the same structure.

Post-merge
""""""""""

The following jobs are triggered as post-merge jobs when PRs are merged to
SD-Core repos:

1. `docker-publish-github-merge_c3po`
2. `docker-publish-github-merge_Nucleus`
3. `docker-publish-github-merge_upf-epc`
4. `docker-publish-github-merge_spgw`
5. `docker-publish-github-merge_amf`
6. `docker-publish-github-merge_smf`
7. `docker-publish-github-merge_ausf`
8. `docker-publish-github-merge_nssf`
9. `docker-publish-github-merge_nrf`
10. `docker-publish-github-merge_pcf`
11. `docker-publish-github-merge_udm`
12. `docker-publish-github-merge_udr`
13. `docker-publish-github-merge_webconsole`

Again take the ``c3po`` job as an example. The post-merge job (`docker-publish-github-merge_c3po`)
runs the following downstream jobs sequentially:

1. `docker-publish-github_c3po`: this is the same job as the one in pre-merge
   section. It checks out the latest ``c3po`` code, runs docker build and
   publishes the ``c3po`` docker images to `docker hub <https://hub.docker.com/u/omecproject>`__.

.. Note::
  the images for private repos are published to Aether registry instead of docker hub

2. `c3po_postrelease`: this job submits a patchset to aether-pod-configs repo
   for updating the CD pipeline with images published in the job above.

Post-merge jobs for other SD-Core repos share the same structure.