diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ab36a2c..75b07dd 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 
 For a general introduction to XOS and how it is used in CORD, see
 http://guide.xosproject.org. The "Developer Guide" at that URL is
-especially helpful, although it is sync'ed with the previous
-release (Burwell), which lags what's in master.
+especially helpful, although it isn't perfectly sync'ed with master. 
 Additional design notes, presentations, and other collateral are 
 also available at http://xosproject.org and http://cord.onosproject.org.
 
 One quick way to get started is to build and run the containers in
-*containers* (see the README in that directory for more information).
+`containers/` (see the README in that directory for more information).
 
 Another quick way to get started is to look at the collection of
-canned configurations in *xos/configurations*. The *cord* 
+canned configurations in `xos/configurations/`. The `cord` 
 configuration in that directory corresponds to our current 
-CORD development environment, and the README you'll find there
+CORD development environment, and the `README.md` you'll find there
 will help you get started.
diff --git a/containers/Makefile b/containers/Makefile
index 0215b63..92685e7 100644
--- a/containers/Makefile
+++ b/containers/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .PHONY: xos
 xos: nodes.yaml images.yaml
 	sudo docker-compose up -d
-	../xos/configurations/common/wait_for_xos_port.sh 9999
+	../xos/configurations/common/wait_for_xos_port.sh 8000
 	sudo docker-compose run xos python /opt/xos/tosca/run.py padmin@vicci.org /root/setup/setup.yaml
 	sudo docker-compose run xos python /opt/xos/tosca/run.py padmin@vicci.org /root/setup/nodes.yaml
 	sudo docker-compose run xos python /opt/xos/tosca/run.py padmin@vicci.org /root/setup/images.yaml
@@ -16,4 +16,3 @@
 local_containers:
 	cd containers/xos; make devel
 	cd containers/synchronizer; make
-
diff --git a/views/ngXosLib/bower.json b/views/ngXosLib/bower.json
index 554e02f..71777ba 100644
--- a/views/ngXosLib/bower.json
+++ b/views/ngXosLib/bower.json
@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@
     "tests"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "angular": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-ui-router": "~0.2.15",
-    "angular-resource": "~1.4.7",
-    "ng-lodash": "~0.3.0",
-    "angular-cookies": "~1.4.7",
-    "swagger-angular-client": "~0.1.12"
+    "angular": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-ui-router": "0.2.15",
+    "angular-resource": "1.4.7",
+    "ng-lodash": "0.3.0",
+    "angular-cookies": "1.4.7"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "angular-mocks": "~1.4.7"
+    "angular-mocks": "1.4.7"
   }
 }
diff --git a/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/bower.json b/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/bower.json
index 672aedc..667a7ac 100644
--- a/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/bower.json
+++ b/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/bower.json
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
   "dependencies": {
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "jquery": "~2.1.4",
-    "angular-mocks": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-ui-router": "~0.2.15",
-    "angular-cookies": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-resource": "~1.4.7",
-    "ng-lodash": "~0.3.0",
+    "jquery": "2.1.4",
+    "angular-mocks": "1.4.7",
+    "angular": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-ui-router": "0.2.15",
+    "angular-cookies": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-resource": "1.4.7",
+    "ng-lodash": "0.3.0",
     "bootstrap-css": "2.3.2"
   }
 }
diff --git a/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/gulp/build.js b/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/gulp/build.js
index 4a04218..b232ef9 100644
--- a/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/gulp/build.js
+++ b/views/ngXosLib/generator-xos/app/templates/gulp/build.js
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@
           gulp.src([
             options.static + 'js/vendor/xos<%= fileName %>Vendor.js',
             options.static + 'js/xos<%= fileName %>.js'
-          ])
+          ]),
+          {ignorePath: '/../../../xos/core/xoslib'}
         )
       )
       .pipe(rename('xos<%= fileName %>.html'))
diff --git a/views/ngXosLib/gulp/ngXosVendor.js b/views/ngXosLib/gulp/ngXosVendor.js
index 613ec7a..7508fe4 100644
--- a/views/ngXosLib/gulp/ngXosVendor.js
+++ b/views/ngXosLib/gulp/ngXosVendor.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     var bowerDeps = wiredep().js;
     return gulp.src(bowerDeps)
       .pipe(concat('ngXosVendor.js'))
-      .pipe(uglify())
+      // .pipe(uglify())
       .pipe(gulp.dest(options.ngXosVendor));
   });
 };
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/views/ngXosLib/package.json b/views/ngXosLib/package.json
index 16a4150..1f8713c 100644
--- a/views/ngXosLib/package.json
+++ b/views/ngXosLib/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
     "test": "karma start",
     "apigen": "node xos-resource-generator.js",
     "swagger": "node xos-swagger-def.js",
-    "apidoc": "jsdoc api/ng-xos.js api/ng-xoslib.js api/ng-hpcapi.js -d api/docs"
+    "apidoc": "jsdoc api/ng-xos.js api/ng-xoslib.js api/ng-hpcapi.js -d api/docs",
+    "build": "gulp vendor"
   },
   "author": "Matteo Scandolo",
   "license": "ISC",
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/bower.json b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/bower.json
index 363d59d..60435fa 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/bower.json
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/bower.json
@@ -15,18 +15,18 @@
     "tests"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "angular-chart.js": "~0.8.7",
-    "angular-animate": "~1.4.8",
-    "ui.bootstrap": "~0.14.3"
+    "angular-chart.js": "0.8.7",
+    "angular-animate": "1.4.7",
+    "ui.bootstrap": "0.14.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "jquery": "~2.1.4",
-    "angular-mocks": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-ui-router": "~0.2.15",
-    "angular-cookies": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-resource": "~1.4.7",
-    "ng-lodash": "~0.3.0",
+    "jquery": "2.1.4",
+    "angular-mocks": "1.4.7",
+    "angular": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-ui-router": "0.2.15",
+    "angular-cookies": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-resource": "1.4.7",
+    "ng-lodash": "0.3.0",
     "bootstrap-css": "3.3.4"
   },
   "overrides": {
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/default.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/default.js
index 778faac..67006ec 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/default.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/default.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 // (works only for local environment as both application are served on the same domain)
 
 module.exports = {
-  host: 'http://clnode015.clemson.cloudlab.us:9999/',
-  xoscsrftoken: 'gvAeNnr2DoQMorphFSxs4nXDSIDAT61Q',
-  xossessionid: 'qu69xzr4u5755w9hhuqa0djxacvi9k9i'
+  host: 'http://clnode067.clemson.cloudlab.us:9999/',
+  xoscsrftoken: 'prHoBeRKIHqQE53sKYo3EfzHAgaVIQ1z',
+  xossessionid: 'mp5xe6345ef4fgs6n0t5rfd0su33c12x'
 };
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/srikanth.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/srikanth.js
index 8d76a20..388abf7 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/srikanth.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/env/srikanth.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 // (works only for local environment as both application are served on the same domain)
 
 module.exports = {
-  host: 'http://130.127.133.87:9999',
-  xoscsrftoken: 'Ed51juEvODfN01dtXO7iqRkXDdBIL0sr',
-  xossessionid: 'b3vg7a2qtm7roclcwlqkf7f5xca645jx'
+  host: 'http://130.127.133.41:9999',
+  xoscsrftoken: 'pZAcFg4SqcXajLsk46cPypotlUyi8Y2R',
+  xossessionid: 'qir5ym7n86zivh3dhv6ne2wgcjwsfyop'
 };
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulp/build.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulp/build.js
index 9f9bfb8..7c3aa6d 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulp/build.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulp/build.js
@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@
             options.static + 'js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js',
             options.static + 'js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js',
             options.static + 'css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css'
-          ])
+          ]),
+          {ignorePath: '/../../../xos/core/xoslib'}
         )
       )
       .pipe(rename('xosCeilometerDashboard.html'))
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulpfile.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulpfile.js
index a3523ee..7bdc6e0 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulpfile.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/gulpfile.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   dist: 'dist/',
   api: '../../ngXosLib/api/',
   helpers: '../../ngXosLib/xosHelpers/src/',
-  static: '../../../xos/core/xoslib/static/', // this is the django static folder
+  static: '../../../xos/core/xoslib/static/', // this is the django static folder from dev environment
   dashboards: '../../../xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/' // this is the django html folder
 };
 
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/karma.conf.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/karma.conf.js
index 12d0697..1978cbd 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/karma.conf.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/karma.conf.js
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
     // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
     files: bowerComponents.concat([
       'src/css/**/*.css',
-      '../../static/js/xosApi.js',
-      '../../static/js/vendor/ngXosHelpers.js',
+      '../../../xos/core/xoslib/static/js/xosApi.js',
+      '../../../xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/ngXosHelpers.js',
       'src/js/**/*.js',
       'spec/**/*.mock.js',
       'spec/**/*.test.js',
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/package.json b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/package.json
index 0a9ccae..b609796 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/package.json
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
     "start": "gulp serve",
     "prebuild": "npm install && bower install",
     "build": "gulp",
-    "pretest": "npm install",
     "test": "karma start",
     "lint": "eslint src/js/"
   },
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/.eslintrc b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/.eslintrc
index ad4bc2d..e456ddf 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/.eslintrc
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/.eslintrc
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 {
     "globals" :{
         "describe": true,
+        "xdescribe": true,
         "beforeEach": true,
         "it": true,
         "inject": true,
         "expect": true
-    } 
+    },
+    "rules": {
+      "max-nested-callbacks": [0, 4]
+    }
 }
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/backend.mock.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/backend.mock.js
index c7642bb..86ed3d8 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/backend.mock.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/backend.mock.js
@@ -2,46 +2,23 @@
 (function () {
 
   const meters = [
-    // service_1
-    //  - slice_1
-    //    - resource_1
-    // service_2
-    //  - slice_2
-    //    - resource_2
-    //    - resource_3
-    //  - slice_3
-    //    - resource_4
     {
-      service: 'service_1',
-      slice: 'slice_1',
-      resource_name: 'resource_1',
-      resource_id: 'resource_id_1',
-      name: 'instance_1',
-      unit: 'instance'
+      service: 'service-a',
+      slice: 'slice-a-1',
+      name: 'network.outgoing.packets.rate',
+      resource_name: 'resource-1'
     },
     {
-      service: 'service_2',
-      slice: 'slice_2',
-      resource_name: 'resource_2',
-      resource_id: 'resource_id_2',
-      name: 'instance_2',
-      unit: 'instance'
+      service: 'service-a',
+      slice: 'slice-a-1',
+      name: 'network.incoming.packets.rate',
+      resource_name: 'resource-1'
     },
     {
-      service: 'service_2',
-      slice: 'slice_2',
-      resource_name: 'resource_3',
-      resource_id: 'resource_id_3',
-      name: 'instance_2',
-      unit: 'instance'
-    },
-    {
-      service: 'service_2',
-      slice: 'slice_3',
-      resource_name: 'resource_4',
-      resource_id: 'resource_id_4',
-      name: 'instance_3',
-      unit: 'instance'
+      service: 'service-a',
+      slice: 'slice-a-1',
+      name: 'network.incoming.packets.rate',
+      resource_name: 'resource-2'
     }
   ];
 
@@ -90,9 +67,39 @@
     }
   ];
 
+  const mapping = [
+    {
+      service: 'service-a',
+      slice: [
+        {
+          project_id: 'id-a-1',
+          slice: 'slice-a-1'
+        },
+        {
+          project_id: 'id-a-2',
+          slice: 'slice-a-2'
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      service: 'service-b',
+      slice: [
+        {
+          project_id: 'id-b-1',
+          slice: 'slice-b-1'
+        },
+        {
+          project_id: 'id-b-2',
+          slice: 'slice-b-2'
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+
   angular.module('xos.ceilometerDashboard')
   .run(($httpBackend) => {
     $httpBackend.whenGET(/metersamples/).respond(samples);
+    $httpBackend.whenGET(/xos-slice-service-mapping/).respond(mapping);
     $httpBackend.whenGET(/meters/).respond(meters);
   });
 })();
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/ceilometer.test.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/ceilometer.test.js
index c5bb850..bc8b2e2 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/ceilometer.test.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/spec/ceilometer.test.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
       httpBackend.flush();
     }));
 
-    describe('when loading meters', () => {
+    xdescribe('when loading meters', () => {
       it('should group meters by services', () => {
         expect(Object.keys(vm.projects).length).toBe(2);
       });
@@ -34,6 +34,29 @@
         expect(Object.keys(vm.projects.service_2.slice_2).length).toBe(2);
       });
     });
+
+    describe('when loading service list', () => {
+      it('should append the list to the scope', () => {
+        expect(vm.services.length).toBe(2);
+        expect(vm.services[0].slice.length).toBe(2);
+        expect(vm.services[1].slice.length).toBe(2);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when a slice is selected', () => {
+      it('should load corresponding meters', () => {
+        vm.loadSliceMeter(vm.services[0].slice[0]);
+
+        expect(vm.selectedSlice).toEqual('slice-a-1');
+        expect(vm.selectedTenant).toEqual('id-a-1');
+
+        httpBackend.flush();
+
+        expect(Object.keys(vm.selectedResources).length).toBe(2);
+        expect(vm.selectedResources['resource-1'].length).toBe(2);
+        expect(vm.selectedResources['resource-2'].length).toBe(1);
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('the sample view', () => {
@@ -111,27 +134,4 @@
       });
     });
   });
-});
-
-describe('The orderObjectByKey filter', () => {
-  var $filter;
-
-  beforeEach(function () {
-    module('xos.ceilometerDashboard');
-
-    inject(function (_$filter_) {
-      $filter = _$filter_;
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('should order an object by the key value', function () {
-    // Arrange.
-    const list = {c: 3, b: 2, a: 1};
-
-    // call the filter function
-    const result = $filter('orderObjectByKey')(list);
-
-    // Assert.
-    expect(result).toEqual({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3});
-  });
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/js/main.js b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/js/main.js
index 04ab3e8..8882dda 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/js/main.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/js/main.js
@@ -33,10 +33,24 @@
 })
 .service('Ceilometer', function($http, $q, lodash){
 
-  this.getMeters = () => {
+  this.getMappings = () => {
     let deferred = $q.defer();
 
-    $http.get('/xoslib/meters/', {cache: true})
+    $http.get('/xoslib/xos-slice-service-mapping/')
+    .then((res) => {
+      deferred.resolve(res.data)
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+      deferred.reject(e);
+    });
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  this.getMeters = (params) => {
+    let deferred = $q.defer();
+
+    $http.get('/xoslib/meters/', {cache: true, params: params})
     // $http.get('../meters_mock.json', {cache: true})
     .then((res) => {
       deferred.resolve(res.data)
@@ -62,13 +76,13 @@
     return deferred.promise;
   }
 
-  this.getStats = (sliceName) => {
+  this.getStats = (options) => {
     let deferred = $q.defer();
 
-    $http.get('/xoslib/meterstatistics/', {cache: true})
+    $http.get('/xoslib/meterstatistics/', {cache: true, params: options})
     // $http.get('../stats_mock.son', {cache: true})
     .then((res) => {
-      deferred.resolve(lodash.filter(res.data, {slice: sliceName}))
+      deferred.resolve(res.data);
     })
     .catch((e) => {
       deferred.reject(e);
@@ -91,6 +105,8 @@
     templateUrl: 'templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html',
     controller: function(Ceilometer){
 
+      this.showStats = false;
+
       // this open the accordion
       this.accordion = {
         open: {}
@@ -103,68 +119,71 @@
         if(Ceilometer.selectedService){
           this.accordion.open[Ceilometer.selectedService] = true;
           if(Ceilometer.selectedSlice){
+            this.loadSliceMeter(Ceilometer.selectedSlice, Ceilometer.selectedService);
             this.selectedSlice = Ceilometer.selectedSlice;
-            this.selectedResources = this.projects[Ceilometer.selectedService][Ceilometer.selectedSlice]
             if(Ceilometer.selectedResource){
               this.selectedResource = Ceilometer.selectedResource;
-              this.selectedMeters = this.selectedResources[Ceilometer.selectedResource];
             }
           }
         }
       }
 
-      this.loadMeters = () => {
+      /**
+      * Load the list of service and slices
+      */
+
+      this.loadMappings = () => {
         this.loader = true;
-
-        // TODO rename projects in meters
-        Ceilometer.getMeters()
-        .then(meters => {
-          //group project by service
-          this.projects = lodash.groupBy(meters, 'service');
-          lodash.forEach(Object.keys(this.projects), (project) => {
-            // inside each service group by slice
-            this.projects[project] = lodash.groupBy(this.projects[project], 'slice');
-            lodash.forEach(Object.keys(this.projects[project]), (slice) => {
-              // inside each service => slice group by resource
-              this.projects[project][slice] = lodash.groupBy(this.projects[project][slice], 'resource_name');
-            });
-          });
-
-          // open selected panels
+        Ceilometer.getMappings()
+        .then((services) => {
+          this.services = services;
           this.openPanels();
         })
         .catch(err => {
-          this.error = err.data.detail;
+          this.error = (err.data && err.data.detail) ? err.data.detail : 'An Error occurred. Please try again later.';
         })
         .finally(() => {
           this.loader = false;
         });
-      }
+      };
 
-      this.loadMeters();
+      this.loadMappings();
 
       /**
-      * Select Resources for a slice
-      *
-      * @param Array resources The list of selected resources
-      * @returns void
+      * Load the list of a single slice
       */
-      this.selectedResources = null;
-      this.selectResources = (resources, slice, service) => {
-        //cleaning
-        this.selectedResources = null;
-        this.selectedResource = null;
-        this.selectedMeters = null;
+     
+      this.loadSliceMeter = (slice, service_name) => {
 
-        // hold the resource list for the current slice
-        this.selectedResources = resources;
-        this.selectedSlice = slice;
-        this.selectedService = service;
+        Ceilometer.selectedSlice = null;
+        Ceilometer.selectedService = null;
+        Ceilometer.selectedResources = null;
+
+        // visualization info
+        this.loader = true;
+        this.selectedSlice = slice.slice;
+        this.selectedTenant = slice.project_id;
 
         // store the status
         Ceilometer.selectedSlice = slice;
-        Ceilometer.selectedService = service;
-      }
+        Ceilometer.selectedService = service_name;
+
+        Ceilometer.getMeters({tenant: slice.project_id})
+        .then((sliceMeters) => {
+          this.selectedResources = lodash.groupBy(sliceMeters, 'resource_name');
+
+          // hacky
+          if(Ceilometer.selectedResource){
+            this.selectedMeters = this.selectedResources[Ceilometer.selectedResource];
+          }
+        })
+        .catch(err => {
+          this.error = (err.data && err.data.detail) ? err.data.detail : 'An Error occurred. Please try again later.';
+        })
+        .finally(() => {
+          this.loader = false;
+        });
+      };
 
       /**
       * Select Meters for a resource
@@ -186,10 +205,7 @@
 .directive('ceilometerSamples', function(lodash, $stateParams){
   return {
     restrict: 'E',
-    scope: {
-      name: '=name',
-      tenant: '=tenant'
-    },
+    scope: {},
     bindToController: true,
     controllerAs: 'vm',
     templateUrl: 'templates/ceilometer-samples.tpl.html',
@@ -332,14 +348,16 @@
     restrict: 'E',
     scope: {
       name: '=name',
+      tenant: '=tenant'
     },
     bindToController: true,
     controllerAs: 'vm',
     templateUrl: 'templates/ceilometer-stats.tpl.html',
     controller: function($scope, Ceilometer) {
-      this.getStats = () => {
+
+      this.getStats = (tenant) => {
         this.loader = true;
-        Ceilometer.getStats(this.name)
+        Ceilometer.getStats({tenant: tenant})
         .then(res => {
           this.stats = res;
         })
@@ -351,24 +369,11 @@
         });
       };
 
-      this.getStats();
-
-      $scope.$watch(() => this.name, () => {this.getStats();});
+      $scope.$watch(() => this.name, (val) => {
+        if(val){
+          this.getStats(this.tenant);
+        }
+      });
     }
   }
-})
-.filter('orderObjectByKey', function(lodash) {
-  return function(items) {
-
-    if(!items){
-      return;
-    }
-
-    return lodash.reduce(Object.keys(items).reverse(), (list, key) => {
-      list[key] = items[key];
-      return list;
-    }, {});
-
-  };
-});
-;
\ No newline at end of file
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html
index f04a974..23afc1a 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/ceilometerDashboard/src/templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
   </div>
   <div class="col-xs-2 text-right">
     <a href="" class="btn btn-default" 
-      ng-show="vm.selectedResources && !vm.showStats"
+      ng-show="vm.selectedSlice && !vm.showStats"
       ng-click="vm.showStats = true">
       <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>
     </a>
     <a href="" class="btn btn-default" 
-      ng-show="vm.selectedResources && vm.showStats"
+      ng-show="vm.selectedSlice && vm.showStats"
       ng-click="vm.showStats = false">
       <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>
     </a>
@@ -28,22 +28,23 @@
         <h3>XOS Service: </h3>
         <uib-accordion close-others="true" template-url="templates/accordion.html">
           <uib-accordion-group
-            ng-repeat="(service, slices) in vm.projects | orderObjectByKey"
+            ng-repeat="service in vm.services | orderBy:'-service'"
             template-url="templates/accordion-group.html"
-            is-open="vm.accordion.open[service]"
-            heading="{{service}}">
+            is-open="vm.accordion.open[service.service]"
+            heading="{{service.service}}">
             <h4>Slices:</h4>
-            <a ng-repeat="(slice, resources) in slices" 
-              ng-class="{active: slice === vm.selectedSlice}"
-              ng-click="vm.selectResources(resources, slice, service)"
+            <a ng-repeat="slice in service.slices" 
+              ng-class="{active: slice.slice === vm.selectedSlice}"
+              ng-click="vm.loadSliceMeter(slice, service.service)"
               href="#" class="list-group-item" >
-              {{slice}} <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right pull-right"></i>
+              {{slice.slice}} <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right pull-right"></i>
             </a>
           </uib-accordion-group>
         </uib-accordion>
     </div>
     <section class="side-container col-sm-9">
       <div class="row">
+        <!-- STATS -->
         <article ng-hide="!vm.showStats" class="stats animate-slide-left">
           <div class="col-xs-12">
             <div class="list-group">
@@ -51,13 +52,14 @@
                 <h3>Stats</h3>
               </div>
               <div class="list-group-item">
-                <ceilometer-stats ng-if="vm.selectedSlice" name="vm.selectedSlice"></ceilometer-stats>
+                <ceilometer-stats ng-if="vm.selectedSlice" name="vm.selectedSlice" tenant="vm.selectedTenant"></ceilometer-stats>
               </div>
             </div>
           </div>
         </article>
+        <!-- METERS -->
         <article ng-hide="vm.showStats" class="meters animate-slide-left">
-          <div class="col-sm-4 animate-slide-left" ng-hide="!vm.selectedResources">
+          <div class="col-sm-4 animate-slide-left" ng-hide="!vm.selectedSlice">
             <div class="list-group">
               <div class="list-group-item">
                 <h3>Resources</h3>
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/bower.json b/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/bower.json
index 9c85e88..82b8d7b 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/bower.json
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/bower.json
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
   "dependencies": {
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "jquery": "~2.1.4",
-    "angular-mocks": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-ui-router": "~0.2.15",
-    "angular-cookies": "~1.4.7",
-    "angular-resource": "~1.4.7",
-    "ng-lodash": "~0.3.0",
+    "jquery": "2.1.4",
+    "angular-mocks": "1.4.7",
+    "angular": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-ui-router": "0.2.15",
+    "angular-cookies": "1.4.7",
+    "angular-resource": "1.4.7",
+    "ng-lodash": "0.3.0",
     "bootstrap-css": "2.3.2"
   }
 }
diff --git a/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/gulp/build.js b/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/gulp/build.js
index 9af8074..c38adfc 100644
--- a/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/gulp/build.js
+++ b/views/ngXosViews/contentProvider/gulp/build.js
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@
           gulp.src([
             options.static + 'js/vendor/xosContentProviderVendor.js',
             options.static + 'js/xosContentProvider.js'
-          ])
+          ]),
+          {ignorePath: '/../../../xos/core/xoslib'}
         )
       )
       .pipe(rename('xosContentProvider.html'))
diff --git a/xos/configurations/common/xos_common_config b/xos/configurations/common/xos_common_config
index b06098e..f7b335e 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/common/xos_common_config
+++ b/xos/configurations/common/xos_common_config
@@ -42,3 +42,5 @@
 disable_minidashboard=True
 branding_name=Open Cloud
 branding_icon=/static/logo.png
+branding_favicon=/static/favicon.png
+branding_bg=/static/bg.jpg
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/README-VTN.md b/xos/configurations/cord/README-VTN.md
index b51bae7..2d9b7aa 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/README-VTN.md
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/README-VTN.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 VTN doesn't seem to like cloudlab's networks (flat-net-1, ext-net, etc). I've placed a script in xos/scripts/ called destroy-all-networks.sh that will automate tearing down all of cloudlab's neutron networks.
 
-    cd xos/scripts
+    cd xos/tools
     ./destroy-all-networks.sh
 
 inside the xos container, update the configuration. Make sure to restart Openstack Synchronizer afterward. Might be a good idea to restart the XOS UI as well:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     # I ran it again and it succeeded, but I am skeptical there's
     # not still an issue lurking...
     cat > /usr/local/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/conf_onos.ini <<EOF
-    [ml2_onos]
+    [onos]
     url_path = http://$ONOS_VTN_HOSTNAME:8181/onos/openstackswitching
     username = karaf
     password = karaf
@@ -41,12 +41,6 @@
     # files. Maybe it can be restarted using systemctl instead...
     /usr/bin/neutron-server --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini --config-file /usr/local/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/conf_onos.ini
 
-Neutron driver arg-parsing issue
-
-    # For some reason, the VTN Neutron plugin isn't getting its arguments from neutron
-    emacs /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/networking_onos/plugins/ml2/driver.py
-        hard-code self.onos_path and self.onos_auth
-    
 Compute nodes and nm nodes:
 
     cd xos/configurations/cord/dataplane
@@ -59,6 +53,20 @@
     #  4) delete any existing br-int bridge
     #  5) [nm only] turn off neutron-dhcp-agent
 
+Additional compute node stuff:
+
+Br-flat-lan-1 needs to be deleted, since VTN will be attaching br-int directly to the eth device that br-flat-lan-1 was using. Additionally, we need to assign an IP address to br-int (sounds like Hyunsun is working on having VTN do that for us). Adding the route was not in Hyunsun's instructions, but I found I had to do it in order to get the compute nodes to talk to one another.
+
+    ovs-vsctl del-br br-tun
+    ovs-vsctl del-br br-flat-lan-1
+    ip addr add <addr-that-was-assinged-to-flat-lan-1> dev br-int
+    ip link set br-int up
+    ip route add <network-that-was-assigned-to-flat-lan-1>/24 dev br-int
+    
+To get the management network working, we need to create management network template, slice, and network. configurations/cord/vtn.yaml will do this for you. Then add a connection to the management network for any slice that needs management connectivity. Note the subnet that gets assigned to the management network. Management-gateway-ip is the .1 address on the subnet. On the compute node:
+
+    ip addr add <management-gateway-ip>/24 dev br-int
+    
 For development, I suggest using the bash configuration (remember to start the ONOS observer manually) so that 
 there aren't a bunch of preexisting Neutron networks and nova instances to get in the way. 
 
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/ceilometer.yaml b/xos/configurations/cord/ceilometer.yaml
index 0ea5cbd..6fcd132 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/ceilometer.yaml
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/ceilometer.yaml
@@ -6,6 +6,104 @@
    - custom_types/xos.yaml
 
 node_types:
+    tosca.nodes.SFlowService:
+        derived_from: tosca.nodes.Root
+        description: >
+            XOS SFlow Collection Service
+        capabilities:
+            scalable:
+                type: tosca.capabilities.Scalable
+            service:
+                type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
+        properties:
+            kind:
+                type: string
+                default: generic
+                description: Type of service.
+            view_url:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: URL to follow when icon is clicked in the Service Directory.
+            icon_url:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: ICON to display in the Service Directory.
+            enabled:
+                type: boolean
+                default: true
+            published:
+                type: boolean
+                default: true
+                description: If True then display this Service in the Service Directory.
+            public_key:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: Public key to install into Instances to allows Services to SSH into them.
+            private_key_fn:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: Location of private key file
+            versionNumber:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: Version number of Service.
+            sflow_port:
+              type: integer
+              required: false
+              default: 6343
+              description: sFlow listening port
+            sflow_api_port:
+              type: integer
+              required: false
+              default: 33333
+              description: sFlow publish subscribe api listening port
+
+    tosca.nodes.CeilometerService:
+        derived_from: tosca.nodes.Root
+        description: >
+            XOS Ceilometer Service
+        capabilities:
+            scalable:
+                type: tosca.capabilities.Scalable
+            service:
+                type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
+        properties:
+            kind:
+                type: string
+                default: generic
+                description: Type of service.
+            view_url:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: URL to follow when icon is clicked in the Service Directory.
+            icon_url:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: ICON to display in the Service Directory.
+            enabled:
+                type: boolean
+                default: true
+            published:
+                type: boolean
+                default: true
+                description: If True then display this Service in the Service Directory.
+            public_key:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: Public key to install into Instances to allows Services to SSH into them.
+            private_key_fn:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: Location of private key file
+            versionNumber:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: Version number of Service.
+            ceilometer_pub_sub_url:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: REST URL of ceilometer PUB/SUB component
+
     tosca.nodes.CeilometerTenant:
         derived_from: tosca.nodes.Root
         description: >
@@ -19,15 +117,24 @@
 topology_template:
   node_templates:
     service_ceilometer:
-      type: tosca.nodes.Service
+      type: tosca.nodes.CeilometerService
       requirements:
       properties:
           view_url: /admin/ceilometer/ceilometerservice/$id$/
           kind: ceilometer
+          ceilometer_pub_sub_url: http://10.11.10.1:4455/
 #          public_key: { get_artifact: [ SELF, pubkey, LOCAL_FILE] }
 #      artifacts:
 #          pubkey: /opt/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/vcpe_public_key
 
+    service_sflow:
+      type: tosca.nodes.SFlowService
+      requirements:
+      properties:
+          view_url: /admin/ceilometer/sflowservice/$id$/
+          kind: sflow
+          sflow_port: 6343
+          sflow_api_port: 33333
 
     Private:
       type: tosca.nodes.NetworkTemplate
@@ -70,6 +177,17 @@
       properties:
           default_flavor: m1.small
 
+    mysite_sflow:
+      description: Slice for sFlow service
+      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
+      requirements:
+          - sflow_service:
+              node: service_sflow
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
+          - site:
+              node: mysite
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
+
     my_ceilometer_tenant:
       description: Ceilometer Service default Tenant
       type: tosca.nodes.CeilometerTenant
@@ -78,6 +196,29 @@
               node: service_ceilometer
               relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
        
+    # Virtual machines
+    sflow_service_instance:
+      type: tosca.nodes.Compute
+      capabilities:
+        # Host container properties
+        host:
+         properties:
+           num_cpus: 1
+           disk_size: 10 GB
+           mem_size: 4 MB
+        # Guest Operating System properties
+        os:
+          properties:
+            # host Operating System image properties
+            architecture: x86_64
+            type: linux
+            distribution: Ubuntu
+            version: 14.10
+      requirements:
+          - slice:
+                node: mysite_sflow
+                relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSlice
+
     Ceilometer:
       type: tosca.nodes.DashboardView
       properties:
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/cord.yaml b/xos/configurations/cord/cord.yaml
index 565c419..f0b45de 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/cord.yaml
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/cord.yaml
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@
           - vcpe_docker_image:
               node: docker-vcpe
               relationship: tosca.relationships.UsesImage
-      properties:
-          default_isolation: container
+#      properties:
+#          default_isolation: container
 
     mysite_onos_vbng:
       description: ONOS Controller Slice for vBNG
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/make-virtualbng-json.sh b/xos/configurations/cord/make-virtualbng-json.sh
index 8eb971b..993643c 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/make-virtualbng-json.sh
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/make-virtualbng-json.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     "hosts" : {
 EOF
 
-NODES=$( sudo bash -c "source $SETUPDIR/admin-openrc.sh ; nova hypervisor-list" |grep enabled|awk '{print $4}' )
+NODES=$( sudo bash -c "source $SETUPDIR/admin-openrc.sh ; nova hypervisor-list" |grep -v ID|grep -v +|awk '{print $4}' )
 
 NODECOUNT=0
 for NODE in $NODES; do
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/make-vtn-networkconfig-json.sh b/xos/configurations/cord/make-vtn-networkconfig-json.sh
index 5256292..c60a939 100755
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/make-vtn-networkconfig-json.sh
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/make-vtn-networkconfig-json.sh
@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@
     "apps" : {
         "org.onosproject.cordvtn" : {
             "cordvtn" : {
+                "gatewayMac" : "00:00:00:00:00:01",
                 "nodes" : [
 EOF
 
-NODES=$( sudo bash -c "source $SETUPDIR/admin-openrc.sh ; nova hypervisor-list" |grep enabled|awk '{print $4}' )
+NODES=$( sudo bash -c "source $SETUPDIR/admin-openrc.sh ; nova hypervisor-list" |grep -v ID|grep -v +|awk '{print $4}' )
 
 # also configure ONOS to manage the nm node
 NM=`grep "^nm" /root/setup/fqdn.map | awk '{ print $2 }'`
@@ -28,13 +29,21 @@
     echo $NODE
     NODEIP=`getent hosts $NODE | awk '{ print $1 }'`
 
+    # This part is cloudlab-specific. It examines the flat-net-1 network and extracts
+    # the eth device and ip address that was assigned to flat-net-1.
+    sudo scp root@$NODE:/root/setup/info.flat-lan-1 $SETUPDIR/flat-lan-$NODE
+    PHYPORT=`bash -c "source $SETUPDIR/flat-lan-$NODE; echo \\\$DATADEV"`
+    LOCALIP=`bash -c "source $SETUPDIR/flat-lan-$NODE; echo \\\$DATAIP"`
+
     ((I++))
     cat >> $FN <<EOF
                     {
                       "hostname": "$NODE",
                       "ovsdbIp": "$NODEIP",
                       "ovsdbPort": "6641",
-                      "bridgeId": "of:000000000000000$I"
+                      "bridgeId": "of:000000000000000$I",
+                      "phyPortName": "$PHYPORT",
+                      "localIp": "$LOCALIP"
 EOF
     if [[ "$I" -lt "$NODECOUNT" ]]; then
         echo "                    }," >> $FN
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/openstack_ceilometer_patch.tar.gz b/xos/configurations/cord/openstack_ceilometer_patch.tar.gz
index 6a6ffa7..2c4f02c 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/openstack_ceilometer_patch.tar.gz
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/openstack_ceilometer_patch.tar.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/vtn.yaml b/xos/configurations/cord/vtn.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68c0fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/vtn.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+tosca_definitions_version: tosca_simple_yaml_1_0
+
+description: Some VTN related stuff
+
+imports:
+   - custom_types/xos.yaml
+
+topology_template:
+  node_templates:
+    management_template:
+      type: tosca.nodes.NetworkTemplate
+      properties:
+          visibility: private
+          translation: none
+
+    management:
+      type: tosca.nodes.network.Network
+      properties:
+          ip_version: 4
+      requirements:
+          - network_template:
+              node: management_template
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.UsesNetworkTemplate
+          - owner:
+              node: mysite_management
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSlice
+
+    mysite:
+      type: tosca.nodes.Site
+
+    mysite_management:
+      description: This slice exists solely to own the management network
+      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
+      properties:
+          network: noauto
+      requirements:
+          - site:
+              node: mysite
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
+
diff --git a/xos/configurations/cord/xos_cord_config b/xos/configurations/cord/xos_cord_config
index 8dd0ae5..a5448f7 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/cord/xos_cord_config
+++ b/xos/configurations/cord/xos_cord_config
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 [gui]
 branding_name=CORD
 #branding_css=/static/cord.css
-branding_icon=/static/cord_logo_3.png
+branding_icon=/static/cord-logo.png
+branding_favicon=/static/cord-favicon.png
+branding_bg=/static/cord-bg.jpg
diff --git a/xos/configurations/frontend/docker-compose.yml b/xos/configurations/frontend/docker-compose.yml
index 95dfe8a..6b71d2e 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/frontend/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/xos/configurations/frontend/docker-compose.yml
@@ -19,5 +19,7 @@
     links:
         - xos_db
     volumes:
-      - ../common/xos_common_config:/opt/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config:ro
+      - ../common/xos_common_config:/opt/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config
       - ../../core/xoslib:/opt/xos/core/xoslib
+      - ../../core/static:/opt/xos/core/static
+      - ../../templates/admin:/opt/xos/templates/admin
diff --git a/xos/configurations/opencloud/cdn-content.yaml b/xos/configurations/opencloud/cdn-content.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4d1445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/configurations/opencloud/cdn-content.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+tosca_definitions_version: tosca_simple_yaml_1_0
+
+description: Template for deploying a single server with predefined properties.
+
+imports:
+   - custom_types/xos.yaml
+   - custom_types/cdn.yaml
+
+topology_template:
+  node_templates:
+    HyperCache:
+      type: tosca.nodes.CDNService
+      properties:
+          # HyperCache service must already exist before running this recipe
+          no-create: true
+          no-delete: true
+          no-update: true
+
+    # Setup the CDN Service Provider
+
+    main_service_provider:
+        type: tosca.nodes.ServiceProvider
+        requirements:
+           - hpc_service:
+                 node: HyperCache
+                 relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
+
+    # Wall Street Journal Content Provider
+
+    wsj_content:
+        type: tosca.nodes.ContentProvider
+        requirements:
+            - service_provider:
+                  node: main_service_provider
+                  relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfServiceProvider
+
+    www.wsj.com:
+        type: tosca.nodes.CDNPrefix
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+             - default_origin_server:
+                   node: http_www.wsj.com
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.DefaultOriginServer
+
+    si.wsj.net:
+        type: tosca.nodes.CDNPrefix
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+             - default_origin_server:
+                   node: http_si.wsj.net
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.DefaultOriginServer
+
+    s.wsj.net:
+        type: tosca.nodes.CDNPrefix
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+             - default_origin_server:
+                   node: http_s.wsj.net
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.DefaultOriginServer
+
+    ore.wsj.net:
+        type: tosca.nodes.CDNPrefix
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+             - default_origin_server:
+                   node: http_ore.wsj.net
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.DefaultOriginServer
+
+    http_www.wsj.com:
+        type: tosca.nodes.OriginServer
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+
+    http_si.wsj.net:
+        type: tosca.nodes.OriginServer
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+
+    http_s.wsj.net:
+        type: tosca.nodes.OriginServer
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+
+    http_ore.wsj.net:
+        type: tosca.nodes.OriginServer
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: wsj_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+
+    # ON.Lab content provider
+
+    on_lab_content:
+        type: tosca.nodes.ContentProvider
+        requirements:
+            - service_provider:
+                  node: main_service_provider
+                  relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfServiceProvider
+
+    downloads.onosproject.org:
+        type: tosca.nodes.CDNPrefix
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: on_lab_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+             - default_origin_server:
+                   node: http_downloads.onosproject.org
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.DefaultOriginServer
+
+    onlab.vicci.org:
+        type: tosca.nodes.CDNPrefix
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: on_lab_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+             - default_origin_server:
+                   node: http_onlab.vicci.org
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.DefaultOriginServer
+
+    http_downloads.onosproject.org:
+        type: tosca.nodes.OriginServer
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: on_lab_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+
+    http_onlab.vicci.org:
+        type: tosca.nodes.OriginServer
+        requirements:
+             - content_provider:
+                   node: on_lab_content
+                   relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfContentProvider
+
diff --git a/xos/configurations/opencloud/cdn-opencloud.yaml b/xos/configurations/opencloud/cdn-opencloud.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a13233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/configurations/opencloud/cdn-opencloud.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+tosca_definitions_version: tosca_simple_yaml_1_0
+
+description: Template for deploying a single server with predefined properties.
+
+imports:
+   - custom_types/xos.yaml
+   - custom_types/cdn.yaml
+
+topology_template:
+  node_templates:
+    HyperCache:
+      type: tosca.nodes.CDNService
+      description: Content Delivery Network
+      properties:
+          view_url: /admin/hpc/hpcservice/$id$/
+          icon_url: /static/primarycons_blue/network.png
+
+    onlab:
+      type: tosca.nodes.Site
+      properties:
+          # Assume the onlab site exists, and don't touch it
+          no-create: true
+          no-update: true
+          no-delete: true
+
+    onlab_cmi:
+      description: CMI Slice
+      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
+      properties:
+          exposed_ports: tcp 8003, tcp 8004, tcp 8140
+      requirements:
+          - cdn_service:
+              node: HyperCache
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
+          - site:
+              node: onlab
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
+
+    onlab_hpc:
+      description: HyperCache Slice
+      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
+      properties:
+          exposed_ports: tcp 2120:2128, tcp 3200:3209, tcp 8006, tcp 8009, tcp 8015
+      requirements:
+          - cdn_service:
+              node: HyperCache
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
+          - site:
+              node: onlab
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
+
+    onlab_dnsredir:
+      description: HyperCache Slice
+      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
+      properties:
+          exposed_ports: udp 53541, tcp 8016
+      requirements:
+          - cdn_service:
+              node: HyperCache
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
+          - site:
+              node: onlab
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
+
+    onlab_dnsdemux:
+      description: HyperCache Slice
+      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
+      properties:
+          exposed_ports: udp 53, tcp 8017
+      requirements:
+          - cdn_service:
+              node: HyperCache
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfService
+          - site:
+              node: onlab
+              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
+
diff --git a/xos/configurations/opencloud/opencloud.yaml b/xos/configurations/opencloud/opencloud.yaml
index c3a2c01..c71369a 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/opencloud/opencloud.yaml
+++ b/xos/configurations/opencloud/opencloud.yaml
@@ -753,34 +753,6 @@
 
 
 # Slices
-    onlab_cmi:
-      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
-      requirements:
-          - site:
-              node: onlab
-              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
-
-    onlab_hpc:
-      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
-      requirements:
-          - site:
-              node: onlab
-              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
-
-    onlab_dnsredir:
-      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
-      requirements:
-          - site:
-              node: onlab
-              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
-
-    onlab_dnsdemux:
-      type: tosca.nodes.Slice
-      requirements:
-          - site:
-              node: onlab
-              relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
-
     princeton_publicdata:
       type: tosca.nodes.Slice
       requirements:
@@ -789,15 +761,6 @@
               relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSite
 
 # Services
-    hypercache:
-      type: tosca.nodes.Service
-      capabilities:
-          scalable:
-              properties:
-                  max_instances: 25
-                  min_instances: 1
-                  default_instances: 1
-
     syndicate:
       type: tosca.nodes.Service
       capabilities:
diff --git a/xos/configurations/vtn/docker-compose.yml b/xos/configurations/vtn/docker-compose.yml
index c54927b..e7bb6b1 100644
--- a/xos/configurations/vtn/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/xos/configurations/vtn/docker-compose.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 xos_synchronizer_onos:
     image: xosproject/xos-synchronizer-openstack
-    command: bash -c "python /opt/xos/observers/onos/onos-observer.py -C /opt/xos/observers/onos/onos_observer_config"
+    command: bash -c "python /opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/onos-observer.py -C /opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/onos_observer_config"
     labels:
         org.xosproject.kind: synchronizer
         org.xosproject.target: onos
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
         - ctl:${MYIP}
     volumes:
         - ../setup:/root/setup:ro
-        - ../setup/id_rsa:/opt/xos/observers/onos/onos_key:ro  # private key
+        - ../setup/id_rsa:/opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/onos_key:ro  # private key
 
 # FUTURE
 #xos_swarm_synchronizer:
@@ -51,4 +51,4 @@
       - ../setup:/root/setup:ro
       - ../common/xos_common_config:/opt/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config:ro
       - ./files/xos_vtn_config:/opt/xos/xos_configuration/xos_vtn_config:ro
-      - ../setup/id_rsa.pub:/opt/xos/observers/onos/onos_key.pub:ro
+      - ../setup/id_rsa.pub:/opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/onos_key.pub:ro
diff --git a/xos/core/admin.py b/xos/core/admin.py
index 993a6f8..f0d402e 100644
--- a/xos/core/admin.py
+++ b/xos/core/admin.py
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@
     list_display = ['backend_status_icon', 'all_ips_string', 'instance_id', 'instance_name', 'isolation', 'slice', 'flavor', 'image', 'node', 'deployment']
     list_display_links = ('backend_status_icon', 'all_ips_string', 'instance_id', )
 
-    suit_form_tabs =(('general', 'Instance Details'), ('ports', 'Ports'), ('container', 'Container Settings'))
+    suit_form_tabs =(('general', 'Instance Details'), ('ports', 'Ports'), ('container', 'Container Settings'), ('tags', 'Tags'))
 
     inlines = [TagInline, InstancePortInline]
 
diff --git a/xos/core/context_processors.py b/xos/core/context_processors.py
index 879f9c7..bb5030b 100644
--- a/xos/core/context_processors.py
+++ b/xos/core/context_processors.py
@@ -14,4 +14,6 @@
             "XOS_BRANDING_NAME": settings.XOS_BRANDING_NAME,
             "XOS_BRANDING_CSS": settings.XOS_BRANDING_CSS,
             "XOS_BRANDING_ICON": settings.XOS_BRANDING_ICON,
+            "XOS_BRANDING_FAVICON": settings.XOS_BRANDING_FAVICON,
+            "XOS_BRANDING_BG": settings.XOS_BRANDING_BG,
             "sites": allSites}
diff --git a/xos/core/models/slice.py b/xos/core/models/slice.py
index 42e3a25..12c1ea2 100644
--- a/xos/core/models/slice.py
+++ b/xos/core/models/slice.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 class Slice(PlCoreBase):
     ISOLATION_CHOICES = (('vm', 'Virtual Machine'), ('container', 'Container'), ('container_vm', 'Container In VM'))
-    NETWORK_CHOICES = ((None, 'Default'), ('host', 'Host'), ('bridged', 'Bridged'))
+    NETWORK_CHOICES = ((None, 'Default'), ('host', 'Host'), ('bridged', 'Bridged'), ('noauto', 'No Automatic Networks'))
 
     name = StrippedCharField(unique=True, help_text="The Name of the Slice", max_length=80)
     enabled = models.BooleanField(default=True, help_text="Status for this Slice")
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
     max_instances = models.IntegerField(default=10)
     service = models.ForeignKey(Service, related_name='slices', null=True, blank=True)
     network = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=256, choices=NETWORK_CHOICES)
+    exposed_ports = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=256)
     tags = generic.GenericRelation(Tag)
     serviceClass = models.ForeignKey(ServiceClass, related_name = "slices", null=True, default=get_default_serviceclass)
     creator = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='slices', blank=True, null=True)
diff --git a/xos/core/static/bg_old.jpg b/xos/core/static/bg_old.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
index aba2063..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/bg_old.jpg
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_bg.jpg b/xos/core/static/cord-bg-old.jpg
similarity index 100%
rename from xos/core/static/cord_bg.jpg
rename to xos/core/static/cord-bg-old.jpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord-favicon.png b/xos/core/static/cord-favicon.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..758902e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/core/static/cord-favicon.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord-logo.png b/xos/core/static/cord-logo.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ff252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/core/static/cord-logo.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo1.jpg b/xos/core/static/cord_logo1.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
index e841419..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo1.jpg
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo2.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f0cae6..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_cropped_sized_96.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_cropped_sized_96.png
deleted file mode 100644
index f5312d2..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_cropped_sized_96.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_sized.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_sized.png
deleted file mode 100644
index ae01db2..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_sized.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_sized_96.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_sized_96.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 22e7484..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo2_sized_96.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3.png
deleted file mode 100644
index f8b11df..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3_cropped_sized.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3_cropped_sized.png
deleted file mode 100644
index da5711d..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3_cropped_sized.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3_sized.png b/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3_sized.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 9492450..0000000
--- a/xos/core/static/cord_logo_3_sized.png
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/xos/core/static/xos.css b/xos/core/static/xos.css
index f7b7d24..592bb7c 100644
--- a/xos/core/static/xos.css
+++ b/xos/core/static/xos.css
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
 .login #content-main h1 {
 /*background: #EBF0F2;*/
 /*background: url("open-cloud-login-themed-light.png") no-repeat scroll 40% center / 89% auto rgba(235, 240, 242, 0);*/
-background: url("cord_logo_3.png") no-repeat scroll 40% center / 89% auto rgba(235, 240, 242, 0);
+/*background: url("cord_logo_3.png") no-repeat scroll 40% center / 89% auto rgba(235, 240, 242, 0);*/
 /*background-position: 40%;*/
 height: 55px;
 background-repeat: no-repeat;
@@ -1328,11 +1328,14 @@
 }
 
 /* SUIT CHANGES */
-.submit-row.fixed {
-  bottom: 60px;
+
+.form-buttons {
+    margin-top: 20px;
+    padding: 10px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #cccccc;
 }
 
-.submit-row a.deletelink {
+.form-buttons a.deletelink {
   color: #fff;
   background-color: #d9534f;
   border-color: #d43f3a;
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosCeilometerDashboard.html b/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosCeilometerDashboard.html
index 82eeee8..10cfd15 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosCeilometerDashboard.html
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosCeilometerDashboard.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <!-- browserSync -->
 
 <!-- inject:css -->
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="/../../static/css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css">
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css">
 <!-- endinject -->
 <div id="xosCeilometerDashboard">
   <div ui-view ng-class="stateName"></div>
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 
 
 <!-- inject:js -->
-<script src="/../../static/js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js"></script>
-<script src="/../../static/js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js"></script>
+<script src="/static/js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js"></script>
+<script src="/static/js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js"></script>
 <!-- endinject -->
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosContentProvider.html b/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosContentProvider.html
index e632b39..f298f57 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosContentProvider.html
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/dashboards/xosContentProvider.html
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@
 
 
 <!-- inject:js -->
-<script src="/../../static/js/xosContentProvider.js"></script>
+<script src="/static/js/xosContentProvider.js"></script>
 <!-- endinject -->
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/methods/ceilometerview.py b/xos/core/xoslib/methods/ceilometerview.py
index 1b46855..f26d84a 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/methods/ceilometerview.py
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/methods/ceilometerview.py
@@ -42,17 +42,24 @@
     logger.info("SRIKANTH: Ceilometer proxy URL for user %(user)s is %(url)s" % {'user':user.username,'url':monitoring_channel.ceilometer_url})
     return monitoring_channel.ceilometer_url
 
-def getTenantControllerTenantMap(user):
+def getTenantControllerTenantMap(user, slice=None):
     tenantmap={}
-    for slice in Slice.objects.filter(creator=user):
-        for cs in slice.controllerslices.all():
+    if not slice:
+        slices = Slice.objects.filter(creator=user)
+    else:
+        slices = [slice]
+    for s in slices:
+        for cs in s.controllerslices.all():
             if cs.tenant_id:
                 tenantmap[cs.tenant_id] = {"slice": cs.slice.name}
                 if cs.slice.service:
-                    tenantmap[cs.tenant_id]["service"] = slice.service.name
+                    tenantmap[cs.tenant_id]["service"] = cs.slice.service.name
                 else:
                     logger.warn("SRIKANTH: Slice %(slice)s is not associated with any service" % {'slice':cs.slice.name})
                     tenantmap[cs.tenant_id]["service"] = "Other"
+    #TEMPORARY WORK AROUND: There are some resource in network like whitebox switches does not belong to a specific tenant.
+    #They are all associated with "default_admin_tenant" tenant
+    tenantmap["default_admin_tenant"] = {"slice": "default_admin_tenant", "service": "Other"}
     return tenantmap
 
 def build_url(path, q, params=None):
@@ -151,10 +158,10 @@
     else:
         return list(set(a) - set(b))
 
-def get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url):
+def get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url, query=None):
     resource_map = {}
     try:
-        resources = resource_list(request, ceilometer_url=ceilometer_url)
+        resources = resource_list(request, ceilometer_url=ceilometer_url, query=query)
         for r in resources:
             if 'display_name' in r['metadata']:
                 name = r['metadata']['display_name']
@@ -179,7 +186,7 @@
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, request=None, ceilometer_meter_list=None, ceilometer_url=None, tenant_map=None, resource_map=None):
+    def __init__(self, request=None, ceilometer_meter_list=None, ceilometer_url=None, query=None, tenant_map=None, resource_map=None):
         # Storing the request.
         self._request = request
         self.ceilometer_url = ceilometer_url
@@ -191,8 +198,10 @@
             self._ceilometer_meter_list = ceilometer_meter_list
         else:
             try:
-                query=[]
-                self._ceilometer_meter_list = meter_list(request, self.ceilometer_url, query)
+                meter_query=[]
+                if query:
+                    meter_query = query
+                self._ceilometer_meter_list = meter_list(request, self.ceilometer_url, meter_query)
             except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
                 self._ceilometer_meter_list = []
                 raise e
@@ -1088,9 +1097,19 @@
         tenant_ceilometer_url = getTenantCeilometerProxyURL(request.user)
         if (not tenant_ceilometer_url):
             raise XOSMissingField("Tenant ceilometer URL is missing")
+
+        tenant_id = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('tenant', None)
+        resource_id = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('resource', None)
+
+        query = []
+        if tenant_id:
+            query.extend(make_query(tenant_id=tenant_id))
+        if resource_id:
+            query.extend(make_query(resource_id=resource_id))
+
         tenant_map = getTenantControllerTenantMap(request.user)
-        resource_map = get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url)
-        meters = Meters(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, tenant_map=tenant_map, resource_map=resource_map)
+        resource_map = get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query)
+        meters = Meters(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query, tenant_map=tenant_map, resource_map=resource_map)
         services = {
             _('Nova'): meters.list_nova(),
             _('Neutron'): meters.list_neutron(),
@@ -1139,13 +1158,14 @@
         tenant_id = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('tenant', None)
         resource_id = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('resource', None)
 
+        query = []
+        if tenant_id:
+            query.extend(make_query(tenant_id=tenant_id))
+        if resource_id:
+            query.extend(make_query(resource_id=resource_id))
+
         if meter_name:
             #Statistics query for one meter
-            query = []
-            if tenant_id:
-                query.extend(make_query(tenant_id=tenant_id))
-            if resource_id:
-                query.extend(make_query(resource_id=resource_id))
             if additional_query:
                 query = query + additional_query
             statistics = statistic_list(request, meter_name,
@@ -1158,8 +1178,8 @@
             return Response(row)
 
         #Statistics query for all meter
-        resource_map = get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url)
-        meters = Meters(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, tenant_map=tenant_map, resource_map=resource_map)
+        resource_map = get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query)
+        meters = Meters(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query, tenant_map=tenant_map, resource_map=resource_map)
         services = {
             _('Nova'): meters.list_nova(),
             _('Neutron'): meters.list_neutron(),
@@ -1232,6 +1252,118 @@
                      sample["resource_name"] = sample["resource_id"]
         return Response(samples)
 
+class XOSSliceServiceList(APIView):
+    method_kind = "list"
+    method_name = "xos-slice-service-mapping"
+
+    def get(self, request, format=None):
+        if (not request.user.is_authenticated()):
+            raise PermissionDenied("You must be authenticated in order to use this API")
+        tenant_map = getTenantControllerTenantMap(request.user)
+        service_map={}
+        for k,v in tenant_map.iteritems():
+            if not (v['service'] in service_map.keys()):
+                service_map[v['service']] = {}
+                service_map[v['service']]['service'] = v['service']
+                service_map[v['service']]['slices'] = []
+            slice_details = {'slice':v['slice'], 'project_id':k}
+            service_map[v['service']]['slices'].append(slice_details)
+        return Response(service_map.values())
+
+class XOSInstanceStatisticsList(APIView):
+    method_kind = "list"
+    method_name = "xos-instance-statistics"
+
+    def get(self, request, format=None):
+        if (not request.user.is_authenticated()):
+            raise PermissionDenied("You must be authenticated in order to use this API")
+        tenant_ceilometer_url = getTenantCeilometerProxyURL(request.user)
+        if (not tenant_ceilometer_url):
+            raise XOSMissingField("Tenant ceilometer URL is missing")
+        instance_uuid = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('instance-uuid', None)
+        if not instance_uuid:
+            raise XOSMissingField("Instance UUID in query params is missing")
+        if not Instance.objects.filter(instance_uuid=instance_uuid):
+            raise XOSMissingField("XOS Instance object is missing for this uuid")
+        xos_instance = Instance.objects.filter(instance_uuid=instance_uuid)[0]
+        tenant_map = getTenantControllerTenantMap(request.user, xos_instance.slice)
+        tenant_id = tenant_map.keys()[0]
+        resource_ids = []
+        resource_ids.append(instance_uuid)
+        for p in xos_instance.ports.all():
+            #neutron port resource id is represented in ceilometer as "nova instance-name"+"-"+"nova instance-id"+"-"+"tap"+first 11 characters of port-id
+            resource_ids.append(xos_instance.instance_id+"-"+instance_uuid+"-tap"+p.port_id[:11])
+        
+        date_options = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('period', 1)
+        date_from = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('date_from', '')
+        date_to = request.QUERY_PARAMS.get('date_to', '')
+
+        try:
+            date_from, date_to = calc_date_args(date_from,
+                                                date_to,
+                                                date_options)
+        except Exception as e:
+           raise e 
+
+        additional_query = []
+        if date_from:
+            additional_query.append({'field': 'timestamp',
+                                     'op': 'ge',
+                                     'value': date_from})
+        if date_to:
+            additional_query.append({'field': 'timestamp',
+                                     'op': 'le',
+                                     'value': date_to})
+
+        report_rows = []
+        for resource_id in resource_ids:
+            query = []
+            if tenant_id:
+                query.extend(make_query(tenant_id=tenant_id))
+            if resource_id:
+                query.extend(make_query(resource_id=resource_id))
+
+            #Statistics query for all meter
+            resource_map = get_resource_map(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query)
+            meters = Meters(request, ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query, tenant_map=tenant_map, resource_map=resource_map)
+            exclude_nova_meters_info = [ "instance", "instance:<type>", "disk.read.requests", "disk.write.requests",
+                "disk.read.bytes", "disk.write.bytes", "disk.read.requests.rate", "disk.write.requests.rate", "disk.read.bytes.rate",
+                "disk.write.bytes.rate", "disk.root.size", "disk.ephemeral.size"]
+            exclude_neutron_meters_info = [ 'network.create', 'network.update', 'subnet.create',
+                'subnet.update', 'port.create', 'port.update', 'router.create', 'router.update',
+                'ip.floating.create', 'ip.floating.update']
+            services = {
+                _('Nova'): meters.list_nova(except_meters=exclude_nova_meters_info),
+                _('Neutron'): meters.list_neutron(except_meters=exclude_neutron_meters_info),
+                _('VCPE'): meters.list_vcpe(),
+                _('SDN'): meters.list_sdn(),
+            }
+            for service,meters in services.items():
+                for meter in meters:
+                    query = make_query(tenant_id=meter["project_id"],resource_id=meter["resource_id"])
+                    if additional_query:
+                        query = query + additional_query
+                    statistics = statistic_list(request, meter["name"],
+                                            ceilometer_url=tenant_ceilometer_url, query=query, period=3600*24)
+                    if not statistics:
+                        continue
+                    statistic = statistics[-1]
+                    row = {"name": 'none',
+                           "slice": meter["slice"],
+                           "project_id": meter["project_id"],
+                           "service": meter["service"],
+                           "resource_id": meter["resource_id"],
+                           "resource_name": meter["resource_name"],
+                           "meter": meter["name"],
+                           "description": meter["description"],
+                           "category": service,
+                           "time": statistic["period_end"],
+                           "value": statistic["avg"],
+                           "unit": meter["unit"]}
+                    report_rows.append(row)
+
+        return Response(report_rows)
+
 class ServiceAdjustScale(APIView):
     method_kind = "list"
     method_name = "serviceadjustscale"
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/static/css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css b/xos/core/xoslib/static/css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css
index 35773d8..9431a1b 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/static/css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/static/css/xosCeilometerDashboard.css
@@ -1 +1 @@
-#xosCeilometerDashboard{position:relative}.panel{margin-top:10px}.panel-body:not(:first-child){border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3}.panel-body .row{margin-top:10px}.chart{width:100%;height:300px}.btn-chart,.btn-chart:hover{color:#fff}.side-container{position:relative}.service-list{margin-top:-10px}.service-list h3{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.service-list a{text-decoration:none;color:#333}.meters,.stats{margin-top:25px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%}.loader{font-size:10px;margin:150px auto;text-indent:-9999em;width:11em;height:11em;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;background:linear-gradient(to right,#fff 10%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 42%);position:relative;animation:load3 1.4s infinite linear;transform:translateZ(0)}.loader:before{width:50%;height:50%;background:#105e9e;border-radius:100% 0 0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;content:''}.loader:after{background:#fff;width:75%;height:75%;border-radius:50%;content:'';margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}@keyframes load3{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}[ui-view]{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;margin-bottom:100px}[ui-view].ceilometerDashboard.ng-leave{animation:1s bounceOutLeft ease}[ui-view].samples.ng-enter{animation:1s bounceInRight ease}[ui-view].samples.ng-leave{animation:1s bounceOutRight ease}[ui-view].ceilometerDashboard.ng-enter{animation:1s bounceInLeft ease}.animate .animate-slide-left.ng-hide-remove{animation:.5s bounceInRight ease}.animate .animate-slide-left.ng-hide-add{animation:.5s bounceOutRight ease}@keyframes bounceInRight{from,60%,75%,90%,to{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1.000)}from{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(3000px,0,0)}60%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(-25px,0,0)}75%{transform:translate3d(10px,0,0)}90%{transform:translate3d(-5px,0,0)}to{transform:none}}@keyframes bounceInLeft{from,60%,75%,90%,to{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1.000)}0%{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(-3000px,0,0)}60%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(25px,0,0)}75%{transform:translate3d(-10px,0,0)}90%{transform:translate3d(5px,0,0)}to{transform:none}}@keyframes slideInUp{from{transform:translate3d(0,100%,0);visibility:visible}to{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}}@keyframes bounceOutRight{20%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(-20px,0,0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(2000px,0,0)}}@keyframes bounceOutLeft{20%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(20px,0,0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(-2000px,0,0)}}@keyframes slideOutDown{from{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}to{visibility:hidden;transform:translate3d(0,100%,0)}}
\ No newline at end of file
+#xosCeilometerDashboard{position:relative}.panel{margin-top:10px}.panel-body:not(:first-child){border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3}.panel-body .row{margin-top:10px}.chart{width:100%;height:300px}.btn-chart,.btn-chart:hover{color:#fff}.side-container{position:relative}.service-list{margin-top:-10px}.service-list h3{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.service-list a{text-decoration:none;color:#333}.meters,.stats{margin-top:25px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;margin-bottom:50px}.loader{font-size:10px;margin:150px auto;text-indent:-9999em;width:11em;height:11em;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;background:linear-gradient(to right,#fff 10%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 42%);position:relative;animation:load3 1.4s infinite linear;transform:translateZ(0)}.loader:before{width:50%;height:50%;background:#105e9e;border-radius:100% 0 0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;content:''}.loader:after{background:#fff;width:75%;height:75%;border-radius:50%;content:'';margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}@keyframes load3{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}[ui-view]{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;margin-bottom:100px}[ui-view].ceilometerDashboard.ng-leave{animation:1s bounceOutLeft ease}[ui-view].samples.ng-enter{animation:1s bounceInRight ease}[ui-view].samples.ng-leave{animation:1s bounceOutRight ease}[ui-view].ceilometerDashboard.ng-enter{animation:1s bounceInLeft ease}.animate .animate-slide-left.ng-hide-remove{animation:.5s bounceInRight ease}.animate .animate-slide-left.ng-hide-add{animation:.5s bounceOutRight ease}@keyframes bounceInRight{from,60%,75%,90%,to{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1.000)}from{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(3000px,0,0)}60%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(-25px,0,0)}75%{transform:translate3d(10px,0,0)}90%{transform:translate3d(-5px,0,0)}to{transform:none}}@keyframes bounceInLeft{from,60%,75%,90%,to{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1.000)}0%{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(-3000px,0,0)}60%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(25px,0,0)}75%{transform:translate3d(-10px,0,0)}90%{transform:translate3d(5px,0,0)}to{transform:none}}@keyframes slideInUp{from{transform:translate3d(0,100%,0);visibility:visible}to{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}}@keyframes bounceOutRight{20%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(-20px,0,0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(2000px,0,0)}}@keyframes bounceOutLeft{20%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(20px,0,0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(-2000px,0,0)}}@keyframes slideOutDown{from{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}to{visibility:hidden;transform:translate3d(0,100%,0)}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/ngXosVendor.js b/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/ngXosVendor.js
index 436e522..6f92beb 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/ngXosVendor.js
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/ngXosVendor.js
@@ -1,9 +1,45538 @@
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this.state=this.stage=n,f.literal=on(i),f.constant=an(i),f},USE:"use",STRICT:"strict",watchFns:function(){var t=[],e=this.state.inputs,n=this;return o(e,function(e){t.push("var "+e+"="+n.generateFunction(e,"s"))}),e.length&&t.push("fn.inputs=["+e.join(",")+"];"),t.join("")},generateFunction:function(t,e){return"function("+e+"){"+this.varsPrefix(t)+this.body(t)+"};"},filterPrefix:function(){var t=[],e=this;return o(this.state.filters,function(n,r){t.push(n+"=$filter("+e.escape(r)+")")}),t.length?"var "+t.join(",")+";":""},varsPrefix:function(t){return this.state[t].vars.length?"var "+this.state[t].vars.join(",")+";":""},body:function(t){return this.state[t].body.join("")},recurse:function(t,e,r,i,a,u){var s,c,l,f,p=this;if(i=i||v,!u&&w(t.watchId))return e=e||this.nextId(),void this.if_("i",this.lazyAssign(e,this.computedMember("i",t.watchId)),this.lazyRecurse(t,e,r,i,a,!0));switch(t.type){case 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to.Identifier:e=e||this.nextId(),r&&(r.context="inputs"===p.stage?"s":this.assign(this.nextId(),this.getHasOwnProperty("l",t.name)+"?l:s"),r.computed=!1,r.name=t.name),We(t.name),p.if_("inputs"===p.stage||p.not(p.getHasOwnProperty("l",t.name)),function(){p.if_("inputs"===p.stage||"s",function(){a&&1!==a&&p.if_(p.not(p.nonComputedMember("s",t.name)),p.lazyAssign(p.nonComputedMember("s",t.name),"{}")),p.assign(e,p.nonComputedMember("s",t.name))})},e&&p.lazyAssign(e,p.nonComputedMember("l",t.name))),(p.state.expensiveChecks||cn(t.name))&&p.addEnsureSafeObject(e),i(e);break;case to.MemberExpression:s=r&&(r.context=this.nextId())||this.nextId(),e=e||this.nextId(),p.recurse(t.object,s,n,function(){p.if_(p.notNull(s),function(){t.computed?(c=p.nextId(),p.recurse(t.property,c),p.getStringValue(c),p.addEnsureSafeMemberName(c),a&&1!==a&&p.if_(p.not(p.computedMember(s,c)),p.lazyAssign(p.computedMember(s,c),"{}")),f=p.ensureSafeObject(p.computedMember(s,c)),p.assign(e,f),r&&(r.computed=!0,r.name=c)):(We(t.property.name),a&&1!==a&&p.if_(p.not(p.nonComputedMember(s,t.property.name)),p.lazyAssign(p.nonComputedMember(s,t.property.name),"{}")),f=p.nonComputedMember(s,t.property.name),(p.state.expensiveChecks||cn(t.property.name))&&(f=p.ensureSafeObject(f)),p.assign(e,f),r&&(r.computed=!1,r.name=t.property.name))},function(){p.assign(e,"undefined")}),i(e)},!!a);break;case to.CallExpression:e=e||this.nextId(),t.filter?(c=p.filter(t.callee.name),l=[],o(t.arguments,function(t){var e=p.nextId();p.recurse(t,e),l.push(e)}),f=c+"("+l.join(",")+")",p.assign(e,f),i(e)):(c=p.nextId(),s={},l=[],p.recurse(t.callee,c,s,function(){p.if_(p.notNull(c),function(){p.addEnsureSafeFunction(c),o(t.arguments,function(t){p.recurse(t,p.nextId(),n,function(t){l.push(p.ensureSafeObject(t))})}),s.name?(p.state.expensiveChecks||p.addEnsureSafeObject(s.context),f=p.member(s.context,s.name,s.computed)+"("+l.join(",")+")"):f=c+"("+l.join(",")+")",f=p.ensureSafeObject(f),p.assign(e,f)},function(){p.assign(e,"undefined")}),i(e)}));break;case to.AssignmentExpression:if(c=this.nextId(),s={},!nn(t.left))throw Gi("lval","Trying to assing a value to a non l-value");this.recurse(t.left,n,s,function(){p.if_(p.notNull(s.context),function(){p.recurse(t.right,c),p.addEnsureSafeObject(p.member(s.context,s.name,s.computed)),p.addEnsureSafeAssignContext(s.context),f=p.member(s.context,s.name,s.computed)+t.operator+c,p.assign(e,f),i(e||f)})},1);break;case 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n?this.computedMember(t,e):this.nonComputedMember(t,e)},addEnsureSafeObject:function(t){this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeObject(t),";")},addEnsureSafeMemberName:function(t){this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeMemberName(t),";")},addEnsureSafeFunction:function(t){this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeFunction(t),";")},addEnsureSafeAssignContext:function(t){this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeAssignContext(t),";")},ensureSafeObject:function(t){return"ensureSafeObject("+t+",text)"},ensureSafeMemberName:function(t){return"ensureSafeMemberName("+t+",text)"},ensureSafeFunction:function(t){return"ensureSafeFunction("+t+",text)"},getStringValue:function(t){this.assign(t,"getStringValue("+t+",text)")},ensureSafeAssignContext:function(t){return"ensureSafeAssignContext("+t+",text)"},lazyRecurse:function(t,e,n,r,i,o){var a=this;return function(){a.recurse(t,e,n,r,i,o)}},lazyAssign:function(t,e){var n=this;return function(){n.assign(t,e)}},stringEscapeRegex:/[^ 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a&&(l.assign=function(t,e,n){return a(t,n,e)}),u&&(l.inputs=u),l.literal=on(r),l.constant=an(r),l},recurse:function(t,e,r){var i,a,u,s=this;if(t.input)return this.inputs(t.input,t.watchId);switch(t.type){case to.Literal:return this.value(t.value,e);case to.UnaryExpression:return a=this.recurse(t.argument),this["unary"+t.operator](a,e);case to.BinaryExpression:return i=this.recurse(t.left),a=this.recurse(t.right),this["binary"+t.operator](i,a,e);case to.LogicalExpression:return i=this.recurse(t.left),a=this.recurse(t.right),this["binary"+t.operator](i,a,e);case to.ConditionalExpression:return this["ternary?:"](this.recurse(t.test),this.recurse(t.alternate),this.recurse(t.consequent),e);case to.Identifier:return We(t.name,s.expression),s.identifier(t.name,s.expensiveChecks||cn(t.name),e,r,s.expression);case to.MemberExpression:return i=this.recurse(t.object,!1,!!r),t.computed||(We(t.property.name,s.expression),a=t.property.name),t.computed&&(a=this.recurse(t.property)),t.computed?this.computedMember(i,a,e,r,s.expression):this.nonComputedMember(i,a,s.expensiveChecks,e,r,s.expression);case to.CallExpression:return u=[],o(t.arguments,function(t){u.push(s.recurse(t))}),t.filter&&(a=this.$filter(t.callee.name)),t.filter||(a=this.recurse(t.callee,!0)),t.filter?function(t,r,i,o){for(var s=[],c=0;c<u.length;++c)s.push(u[c](t,r,i,o));var l=a.apply(n,s,o);return e?{context:n,name:n,value:l}:l}:function(t,n,r,i){var o,c=a(t,n,r,i);if(null!=c.value){Je(c.context,s.expression),Ke(c.value,s.expression);for(var l=[],f=0;f<u.length;++f)l.push(Je(u[f](t,n,r,i),s.expression));o=Je(c.value.apply(c.context,l),s.expression)}return e?{value:o}:o};case to.AssignmentExpression:return i=this.recurse(t.left,!0,1),a=this.recurse(t.right),function(t,n,r,o){var u=i(t,n,r,o),c=a(t,n,r,o);return 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+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.4.7
+ * (c) 2010-2015 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, document, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
+ * Angular. It can be called as follows:
+ *
+ * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
+ * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
+ *
+ * The above creates an instance of minErr in the example namespace. The
+ * resulting error will have a namespaced error code of example.one.  The
+ * resulting error will replace {0} with the value of foo, and {1} with the
+ * value of bar. The object is not restricted in the number of arguments it can
+ * take.
+ *
+ * If fewer arguments are specified than necessary for interpolation, the extra
+ * interpolation markers will be preserved in the final string.
+ *
+ * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
+ * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
+ * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
+ * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
+ *
+ * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
+ * @param {function} ErrorConstructor Custom error constructor to be instantiated when returning
+ *   error from returned function, for cases when a particular type of error is useful.
+ * @returns {function(code:string, template:string, ...templateArgs): Error} minErr instance
+ */
+
+function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
+  ErrorConstructor = ErrorConstructor || Error;
+  return function() {
+    var SKIP_INDEXES = 2;
+
+    var templateArgs = arguments,
+      code = templateArgs[0],
+      message = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
+      template = templateArgs[1],
+      paramPrefix, i;
+
+    message += template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function(match) {
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1),
+        shiftedIndex = index + SKIP_INDEXES;
+
+      if (shiftedIndex < templateArgs.length) {
+        return toDebugString(templateArgs[shiftedIndex]);
+      }
+
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    message += '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.4.7/' +
+      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+
+    for (i = SKIP_INDEXES, paramPrefix = '?'; i < templateArgs.length; i++, paramPrefix = '&') {
+      message += paramPrefix + 'p' + (i - SKIP_INDEXES) + '=' +
+        encodeURIComponent(toDebugString(templateArgs[i]));
+    }
+
+    return new ErrorConstructor(message);
+  };
+}
+
+/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
+/* global angular: true,
+  msie: true,
+  jqLite: true,
+  jQuery: true,
+  slice: true,
+  splice: true,
+  push: true,
+  toString: true,
+  ngMinErr: true,
+  angularModule: true,
+  uid: true,
+  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP: true,
+  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY: true,
+
+  lowercase: true,
+  uppercase: true,
+  manualLowercase: true,
+  manualUppercase: true,
+  nodeName_: true,
+  isArrayLike: true,
+  forEach: true,
+  forEachSorted: true,
+  reverseParams: true,
+  nextUid: true,
+  setHashKey: true,
+  extend: true,
+  toInt: true,
+  inherit: true,
+  merge: true,
+  noop: true,
+  identity: true,
+  valueFn: true,
+  isUndefined: true,
+  isDefined: true,
+  isObject: true,
+  isBlankObject: true,
+  isString: true,
+  isNumber: true,
+  isDate: true,
+  isArray: true,
+  isFunction: true,
+  isRegExp: true,
+  isWindow: true,
+  isScope: true,
+  isFile: true,
+  isFormData: true,
+  isBlob: true,
+  isBoolean: true,
+  isPromiseLike: true,
+  trim: true,
+  escapeForRegexp: true,
+  isElement: true,
+  makeMap: true,
+  includes: true,
+  arrayRemove: true,
+  copy: true,
+  shallowCopy: true,
+  equals: true,
+  csp: true,
+  jq: true,
+  concat: true,
+  sliceArgs: true,
+  bind: true,
+  toJsonReplacer: true,
+  toJson: true,
+  fromJson: true,
+  convertTimezoneToLocal: true,
+  timezoneToOffset: true,
+  startingTag: true,
+  tryDecodeURIComponent: true,
+  parseKeyValue: true,
+  toKeyValue: true,
+  encodeUriSegment: true,
+  encodeUriQuery: true,
+  angularInit: true,
+  bootstrap: true,
+  getTestability: true,
+  snake_case: true,
+  bindJQuery: true,
+  assertArg: true,
+  assertArgFn: true,
+  assertNotHasOwnProperty: true,
+  getter: true,
+  getBlockNodes: true,
+  hasOwnProperty: true,
+  createMap: true,
+
+  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_TEXT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT: true,
+*/
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ng
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ *
+ * # ng (core module)
+ * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
+ * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
+ * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
+ * components available within this core module.
+ *
+ * <div doc-module-components="ng"></div>
+ */
+
+var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
+
+// The name of a form control's ValidityState property.
+// This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
+var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.lowercase
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
+ * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
+ */
+var lowercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.uppercase
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
+ * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
+ */
+var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
+
+
+var manualLowercase = function(s) {
+  /* jshint bitwise: false */
+  return isString(s)
+      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
+      : s;
+};
+var manualUppercase = function(s) {
+  /* jshint bitwise: false */
+  return isString(s)
+      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
+      : s;
+};
+
+
+// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
+// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
+// with correct but slower alternatives.
+if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
+  lowercase = manualLowercase;
+  uppercase = manualUppercase;
+}
+
+
+var
+    msie,             // holds major version number for IE, or NaN if UA is not IE.
+    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
+    jQuery,           // delay binding
+    slice             = [].slice,
+    splice            = [].splice,
+    push              = [].push,
+    toString          = Object.prototype.toString,
+    getPrototypeOf    = Object.getPrototypeOf,
+    ngMinErr          = minErr('ng'),
+
+    /** @name angular */
+    angular           = window.angular || (window.angular = {}),
+    angularModule,
+    uid               = 0;
+
+/**
+ * documentMode is an IE-only property
+ * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/cc196988(v=vs.85).aspx
+ */
+msie = document.documentMode;
+
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean} Returns true if `obj` is an array or array-like object (NodeList, Arguments,
+ *                   String ...)
+ */
+function isArrayLike(obj) {
+  if (obj == null || isWindow(obj)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Support: iOS 8.2 (not reproducible in simulator)
+  // "length" in obj used to prevent JIT error (gh-11508)
+  var length = "length" in Object(obj) && obj.length;
+
+  if (obj.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT && length) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return isString(obj) || isArray(obj) || length === 0 ||
+         typeof length === 'number' && length > 0 && (length - 1) in obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.forEach
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
+ * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key, obj)`, where `value`
+ * is the value of an object property or an array element, `key` is the object property key or
+ * array element index and obj is the `obj` itself. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
+ *
+ * It is worth noting that `.forEach` does not iterate over inherited properties because it filters
+ * using the `hasOwnProperty` method.
+ *
+ * Unlike ES262's
+ * [Array.prototype.forEach](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.4.4.18),
+ * Providing 'undefined' or 'null' values for `obj` will not throw a TypeError, but rather just
+ * return the value provided.
+ *
+   ```js
+     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
+     var log = [];
+     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key) {
+       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
+     }, log);
+     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender: male']);
+   ```
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} iterator Iterator function.
+ * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
+ * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
+ */
+
+function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var key, length;
+  if (obj) {
+    if (isFunction(obj)) {
+      for (key in obj) {
+        // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,
+        // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function
+        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (isArray(obj) || isArrayLike(obj)) {
+      var isPrimitive = typeof obj !== 'object';
+      for (key = 0, length = obj.length; key < length; key++) {
+        if (isPrimitive || key in obj) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
+        obj.forEach(iterator, context, obj);
+    } else if (isBlankObject(obj)) {
+      // createMap() fast path --- Safe to avoid hasOwnProperty check because prototype chain is empty
+      for (key in obj) {
+        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+      }
+    } else if (typeof obj.hasOwnProperty === 'function') {
+      // Slow path for objects inheriting Object.prototype, hasOwnProperty check needed
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Slow path for objects which do not have a method `hasOwnProperty`
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var keys = Object.keys(obj).sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * when using forEach the params are value, key, but it is often useful to have key, value.
+ * @param {function(string, *)} iteratorFn
+ * @returns {function(*, string)}
+ */
+function reverseParams(iteratorFn) {
+  return function(value, key) { iteratorFn(key, value); };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular.
+ *
+ * Using simple numbers allows us to generate 28.6 million unique ids per second for 10 years before
+ * we hit number precision issues in JavaScript.
+ *
+ * Math.pow(2,53) / 60 / 60 / 24 / 365 / 10 = 28.6M
+ *
+ * @returns {number} an unique alpha-numeric string
+ */
+function nextUid() {
+  return ++uid;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Set or clear the hashkey for an object.
+ * @param obj object
+ * @param h the hashkey (!truthy to delete the hashkey)
+ */
+function setHashKey(obj, h) {
+  if (h) {
+    obj.$$hashKey = h;
+  } else {
+    delete obj.$$hashKey;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function baseExtend(dst, objs, deep) {
+  var h = dst.$$hashKey;
+
+  for (var i = 0, ii = objs.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+    var obj = objs[i];
+    if (!isObject(obj) && !isFunction(obj)) continue;
+    var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+    for (var j = 0, jj = keys.length; j < jj; j++) {
+      var key = keys[j];
+      var src = obj[key];
+
+      if (deep && isObject(src)) {
+        if (isDate(src)) {
+          dst[key] = new Date(src.valueOf());
+        } else if (isRegExp(src)) {
+          dst[key] = new RegExp(src);
+        } else {
+          if (!isObject(dst[key])) dst[key] = isArray(src) ? [] : {};
+          baseExtend(dst[key], [src], true);
+        }
+      } else {
+        dst[key] = src;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  setHashKey(dst, h);
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.extend
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying own enumerable properties from the `src` object(s)
+ * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects. If you want to preserve original objects, you can do so
+ * by passing an empty object as the target: `var object = angular.extend({}, object1, object2)`.
+ *
+ * **Note:** Keep in mind that `angular.extend` does not support recursive merge (deep copy). Use
+ * {@link angular.merge} for this.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
+ * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
+ */
+function extend(dst) {
+  return baseExtend(dst, slice.call(arguments, 1), false);
+}
+
+
+/**
+* @ngdoc function
+* @name angular.merge
+* @module ng
+* @kind function
+*
+* @description
+* Deeply extends the destination object `dst` by copying own enumerable properties from the `src` object(s)
+* to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects. If you want to preserve original objects, you can do so
+* by passing an empty object as the target: `var object = angular.merge({}, object1, object2)`.
+*
+* Unlike {@link angular.extend extend()}, `merge()` recursively descends into object properties of source
+* objects, performing a deep copy.
+*
+* @param {Object} dst Destination object.
+* @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
+* @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
+*/
+function merge(dst) {
+  return baseExtend(dst, slice.call(arguments, 1), true);
+}
+
+
+
+function toInt(str) {
+  return parseInt(str, 10);
+}
+
+
+function inherit(parent, extra) {
+  return extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.noop
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+   ```js
+     function foo(callback) {
+       var result = calculateResult();
+       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
+     }
+   ```
+ */
+function noop() {}
+noop.$inject = [];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.identity
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+ *
+   ```js
+     function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
+       return (transformationFn || angular.identity)(value);
+     };
+   ```
+  * @param {*} value to be returned.
+  * @returns {*} the value passed in.
+ */
+function identity($) {return $;}
+identity.$inject = [];
+
+
+function valueFn(value) {return function() {return value;};}
+
+function hasCustomToString(obj) {
+  return isFunction(obj.toString) && obj.toString !== Object.prototype.toString;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isUndefined
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is undefined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
+ */
+function isUndefined(value) {return typeof value === 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDefined
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is defined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
+ */
+function isDefined(value) {return typeof value !== 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isObject
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
+ * considered to be objects. Note that JavaScript arrays are objects.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  // http://jsperf.com/isobject4
+  return value !== null && typeof value === 'object';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is an object with a null prototype
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` with a null prototype
+ */
+function isBlankObject(value) {
+  return value !== null && typeof value === 'object' && !getPrototypeOf(value);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isString
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
+ */
+function isString(value) {return typeof value === 'string';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isNumber
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
+ *
+ * This includes the "special" numbers `NaN`, `+Infinity` and `-Infinity`.
+ *
+ * If you wish to exclude these then you can use the native
+ * [`isFinite'](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/isFinite)
+ * method.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
+ */
+function isNumber(value) {return typeof value === 'number';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDate
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a value is a date.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
+ */
+function isDate(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object Date]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isArray
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
+ */
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isFunction
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
+ */
+function isFunction(value) {return typeof value === 'function';}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a value is a regular expression object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `RegExp`.
+ */
+function isRegExp(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj Object to check
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
+ */
+function isWindow(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.window === obj;
+}
+
+
+function isScope(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.$evalAsync && obj.$watch;
+}
+
+
+function isFile(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object File]';
+}
+
+
+function isFormData(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object FormData]';
+}
+
+
+function isBlob(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object Blob]';
+}
+
+
+function isBoolean(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'boolean';
+}
+
+
+function isPromiseLike(obj) {
+  return obj && isFunction(obj.then);
+}
+
+
+var TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP = /^\[object (Uint8(Clamped)?)|(Uint16)|(Uint32)|(Int8)|(Int16)|(Int32)|(Float(32)|(64))Array\]$/;
+function isTypedArray(value) {
+  return TYPED_ARRAY_REGEXP.test(toString.call(value));
+}
+
+
+var trim = function(value) {
+  return isString(value) ? value.trim() : value;
+};
+
+// Copied from:
+// http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/local_closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line1021
+// Prereq: s is a string.
+var escapeForRegexp = function(s) {
+  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
+           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isElement
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ */
+function isElement(node) {
+  return !!(node &&
+    (node.nodeName  // we are a direct element
+    || (node.prop && node.attr && node.find)));  // we have an on and find method part of jQuery API
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
+ * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
+ */
+function makeMap(str) {
+  var obj = {}, items = str.split(","), i;
+  for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+    obj[items[i]] = true;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+
+function nodeName_(element) {
+  return lowercase(element.nodeName || (element[0] && element[0].nodeName));
+}
+
+function includes(array, obj) {
+  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) != -1;
+}
+
+function arrayRemove(array, value) {
+  var index = array.indexOf(value);
+  if (index >= 0) {
+    array.splice(index, 1);
+  }
+  return index;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.copy
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
+ *
+ * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
+ * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for arrays) or properties (for objects)
+ *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
+ * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
+ * * If `source` is identical to 'destination' an exception will be thrown.
+ *
+ * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
+ *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
+ * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
+ *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
+ * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
+ *
+ * @example
+ <example module="copyExample">
+ <file name="index.html">
+ <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ <form novalidate class="simple-form">
+ Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
+ E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
+ Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
+ <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
+ <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
+ <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
+ </form>
+ <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
+ <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <script>
+  angular.module('copyExample', [])
+    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+      $scope.master= {};
+
+      $scope.update = function(user) {
+        // Example with 1 argument
+        $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
+      };
+
+      $scope.reset = function() {
+        // Example with 2 arguments
+        angular.copy($scope.master, $scope.user);
+      };
+
+      $scope.reset();
+    }]);
+ </script>
+ </file>
+ </example>
+ */
+function copy(source, destination, stackSource, stackDest) {
+  if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
+    throw ngMinErr('cpws',
+      "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
+  }
+  if (isTypedArray(destination)) {
+    throw ngMinErr('cpta',
+      "Can't copy! TypedArray destination cannot be mutated.");
+  }
+
+  if (!destination) {
+    destination = source;
+    if (isObject(source)) {
+      var index;
+      if (stackSource && (index = stackSource.indexOf(source)) !== -1) {
+        return stackDest[index];
+      }
+
+      // TypedArray, Date and RegExp have specific copy functionality and must be
+      // pushed onto the stack before returning.
+      // Array and other objects create the base object and recurse to copy child
+      // objects. The array/object will be pushed onto the stack when recursed.
+      if (isArray(source)) {
+        return copy(source, [], stackSource, stackDest);
+      } else if (isTypedArray(source)) {
+        destination = new source.constructor(source);
+      } else if (isDate(source)) {
+        destination = new Date(source.getTime());
+      } else if (isRegExp(source)) {
+        destination = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^\/]*$/)[0]);
+        destination.lastIndex = source.lastIndex;
+      } else if (isFunction(source.cloneNode)) {
+          destination = source.cloneNode(true);
+      } else {
+        var emptyObject = Object.create(getPrototypeOf(source));
+        return copy(source, emptyObject, stackSource, stackDest);
+      }
+
+      if (stackDest) {
+        stackSource.push(source);
+        stackDest.push(destination);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (source === destination) throw ngMinErr('cpi',
+      "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
+
+    stackSource = stackSource || [];
+    stackDest = stackDest || [];
+
+    if (isObject(source)) {
+      stackSource.push(source);
+      stackDest.push(destination);
+    }
+
+    var result, key;
+    if (isArray(source)) {
+      destination.length = 0;
+      for (var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
+        destination.push(copy(source[i], null, stackSource, stackDest));
+      }
+    } else {
+      var h = destination.$$hashKey;
+      if (isArray(destination)) {
+        destination.length = 0;
+      } else {
+        forEach(destination, function(value, key) {
+          delete destination[key];
+        });
+      }
+      if (isBlankObject(source)) {
+        // createMap() fast path --- Safe to avoid hasOwnProperty check because prototype chain is empty
+        for (key in source) {
+          destination[key] = copy(source[key], null, stackSource, stackDest);
+        }
+      } else if (source && typeof source.hasOwnProperty === 'function') {
+        // Slow path, which must rely on hasOwnProperty
+        for (key in source) {
+          if (source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+            destination[key] = copy(source[key], null, stackSource, stackDest);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Slowest path --- hasOwnProperty can't be called as a method
+        for (key in source) {
+          if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
+            destination[key] = copy(source[key], null, stackSource, stackDest);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      setHashKey(destination,h);
+    }
+  }
+  return destination;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive.
+ *
+ * Assumes that there are no proto properties for objects.
+ */
+function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
+  if (isArray(src)) {
+    dst = dst || [];
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = src.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      dst[i] = src[i];
+    }
+  } else if (isObject(src)) {
+    dst = dst || {};
+
+    for (var key in src) {
+      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
+        dst[key] = src[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dst || src;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.equals
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, regular
+ * expressions, arrays and objects.
+ *
+ * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
+ *
+ * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
+ * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties are equal by
+ *   comparing them with `angular.equals`.
+ * * Both values are NaN. (In JavaScript, NaN == NaN => false. But we consider two NaN as equal)
+ * * Both values represent the same regular expression (In JavaScript,
+ *   /abc/ == /abc/ => false. But we consider two regular expressions as equal when their textual
+ *   representation matches).
+ *
+ * During a property comparison, properties of `function` type and properties with names
+ * that begin with `$` are ignored.
+ *
+ * Scope and DOMWindow objects are being compared only by identify (`===`).
+ *
+ * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
+ * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
+ */
+function equals(o1, o2) {
+  if (o1 === o2) return true;
+  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
+  if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
+  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
+  if (t1 == t2) {
+    if (t1 == 'object') {
+      if (isArray(o1)) {
+        if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
+        if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
+          for (key = 0; key < length; key++) {
+            if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (isDate(o1)) {
+        if (!isDate(o2)) return false;
+        return equals(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
+      } else if (isRegExp(o1)) {
+        return isRegExp(o2) ? o1.toString() == o2.toString() : false;
+      } else {
+        if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) ||
+          isArray(o2) || isDate(o2) || isRegExp(o2)) return false;
+        keySet = createMap();
+        for (key in o1) {
+          if (key.charAt(0) === '$' || isFunction(o1[key])) continue;
+          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+          keySet[key] = true;
+        }
+        for (key in o2) {
+          if (!(key in keySet) &&
+              key.charAt(0) !== '$' &&
+              isDefined(o2[key]) &&
+              !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+var csp = function() {
+  if (!isDefined(csp.rules)) {
+
+
+    var ngCspElement = (document.querySelector('[ng-csp]') ||
+                    document.querySelector('[data-ng-csp]'));
+
+    if (ngCspElement) {
+      var ngCspAttribute = ngCspElement.getAttribute('ng-csp') ||
+                    ngCspElement.getAttribute('data-ng-csp');
+      csp.rules = {
+        noUnsafeEval: !ngCspAttribute || (ngCspAttribute.indexOf('no-unsafe-eval') !== -1),
+        noInlineStyle: !ngCspAttribute || (ngCspAttribute.indexOf('no-inline-style') !== -1)
+      };
+    } else {
+      csp.rules = {
+        noUnsafeEval: noUnsafeEval(),
+        noInlineStyle: false
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return csp.rules;
+
+  function noUnsafeEval() {
+    try {
+      /* jshint -W031, -W054 */
+      new Function('');
+      /* jshint +W031, +W054 */
+      return false;
+    } catch (e) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @module ng
+ * @name ngJq
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string=} ngJq the name of the library available under `window`
+ * to be used for angular.element
+ * @description
+ * Use this directive to force the angular.element library.  This should be
+ * used to force either jqLite by leaving ng-jq blank or setting the name of
+ * the jquery variable under window (eg. jQuery).
+ *
+ * Since angular looks for this directive when it is loaded (doesn't wait for the
+ * DOMContentLoaded event), it must be placed on an element that comes before the script
+ * which loads angular. Also, only the first instance of `ng-jq` will be used and all
+ * others ignored.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to force jqLite using the `ngJq` directive to the `html` tag.
+ ```html
+ <!doctype html>
+ <html ng-app ng-jq>
+ ...
+ ...
+ </html>
+ ```
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to use a jQuery based library of a different name.
+ * The library name must be available at the top most 'window'.
+ ```html
+ <!doctype html>
+ <html ng-app ng-jq="jQueryLib">
+ ...
+ ...
+ </html>
+ ```
+ */
+var jq = function() {
+  if (isDefined(jq.name_)) return jq.name_;
+  var el;
+  var i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length, prefix, name;
+  for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+    prefix = ngAttrPrefixes[i];
+    if (el = document.querySelector('[' + prefix.replace(':', '\\:') + 'jq]')) {
+      name = el.getAttribute(prefix + 'jq');
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (jq.name_ = name);
+};
+
+function concat(array1, array2, index) {
+  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
+}
+
+function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
+  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
+}
+
+
+/* jshint -W101 */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bind
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
+ * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are prebound to the function. This feature is also
+ * known as [partial application](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application), as
+ * distinguished from [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying#Contrast_with_partial_function_application).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
+ * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
+ * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
+ * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
+ */
+/* jshint +W101 */
+function bind(self, fn) {
+  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
+  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
+    return curryArgs.length
+      ? function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, concat(curryArgs, arguments, 0))
+            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
+        }
+      : function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
+            : fn.call(self);
+        };
+  } else {
+    // in IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be)
+    return fn;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
+  var val = value;
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string' && key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$') {
+    val = undefined;
+  } else if (isWindow(value)) {
+    val = '$WINDOW';
+  } else if (value &&  document === value) {
+    val = '$DOCUMENT';
+  } else if (isScope(value)) {
+    val = '$SCOPE';
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.toJson
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $$ characters will be
+ * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
+ * @param {boolean|number} [pretty=2] If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
+ *    If set to an integer, the JSON output will contain that many spaces per indentation.
+ * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
+ */
+function toJson(obj, pretty) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'undefined') return undefined;
+  if (!isNumber(pretty)) {
+    pretty = pretty ? 2 : null;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, toJsonReplacer, pretty);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.fromJson
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Deserializes a JSON string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
+ * @returns {Object|Array|string|number} Deserialized JSON string.
+ */
+function fromJson(json) {
+  return isString(json)
+      ? JSON.parse(json)
+      : json;
+}
+
+
+function timezoneToOffset(timezone, fallback) {
+  var requestedTimezoneOffset = Date.parse('Jan 01, 1970 00:00:00 ' + timezone) / 60000;
+  return isNaN(requestedTimezoneOffset) ? fallback : requestedTimezoneOffset;
+}
+
+
+function addDateMinutes(date, minutes) {
+  date = new Date(date.getTime());
+  date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() + minutes);
+  return date;
+}
+
+
+function convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, reverse) {
+  reverse = reverse ? -1 : 1;
+  var timezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, date.getTimezoneOffset());
+  return addDateMinutes(date, reverse * (timezoneOffset - date.getTimezoneOffset()));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
+ */
+function startingTag(element) {
+  element = jqLite(element).clone();
+  try {
+    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
+    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
+    element.empty();
+  } catch (e) {}
+  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
+  try {
+    return element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
+        elemHtml.
+          match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
+          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) { return '<' + lowercase(nodeName); });
+  } catch (e) {
+    return lowercase(elemHtml);
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * Tries to decode the URI component without throwing an exception.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param str value potential URI component to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` can be decoded
+ * with the decodeURIComponent function.
+ */
+function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(value);
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Ignore any invalid uri component
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
+ * @returns {Object.<string,boolean|Array>}
+ */
+function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
+  var obj = {};
+  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue) {
+    var splitPoint, key, val;
+    if (keyValue) {
+      key = keyValue = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20');
+      splitPoint = keyValue.indexOf('=');
+      if (splitPoint !== -1) {
+        key = keyValue.substring(0, splitPoint);
+        val = keyValue.substring(splitPoint + 1);
+      }
+      key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key);
+      if (isDefined(key)) {
+        val = isDefined(val) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(val) : true;
+        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+          obj[key] = val;
+        } else if (isArray(obj[key])) {
+          obj[key].push(val);
+        } else {
+          obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function toKeyValue(obj) {
+  var parts = [];
+  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
+    if (isArray(value)) {
+      forEach(value, function(arrayValue) {
+        parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+                   (arrayValue === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(arrayValue, true)));
+      });
+    } else {
+    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+               (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
+    }
+  });
+  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
+ * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
+ * segments:
+ *    segment       = *pchar
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriSegment(val) {
+  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
+             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
+             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
+             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
+ * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
+ * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
+ *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
+  return encodeURIComponent(val).
+             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
+             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+             replace(/%24/g, '$').
+             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+             replace(/%3B/gi, ';').
+             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
+}
+
+var ngAttrPrefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng:', 'x-ng-'];
+
+function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
+  var attr, i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length;
+  for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+    attr = ngAttrPrefixes[i] + ngAttr;
+    if (isString(attr = element.getAttribute(attr))) {
+      return attr;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngApp
+ * @module ng
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {angular.Module} ngApp an optional application
+ *   {@link angular.module module} name to load.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngStrictDi if this attribute is present on the app element, the injector will be
+ *   created in "strict-di" mode. This means that the application will fail to invoke functions which
+ *   do not use explicit function annotation (and are thus unsuitable for minification), as described
+ *   in {@link guide/di the Dependency Injection guide}, and useful debugging info will assist in
+ *   tracking down the root of these bugs.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Use this directive to **auto-bootstrap** an AngularJS application. The `ngApp` directive
+ * designates the **root element** of the application and is typically placed near the root element
+ * of the page - e.g. on the `<body>` or `<html>` tags.
+ *
+ * Only one AngularJS application can be auto-bootstrapped per HTML document. The first `ngApp`
+ * found in the document will be used to define the root element to auto-bootstrap as an
+ * application. To run multiple applications in an HTML document you must manually bootstrap them using
+ * {@link angular.bootstrap} instead. AngularJS applications cannot be nested within each other.
+ *
+ * You can specify an **AngularJS module** to be used as the root module for the application.  This
+ * module will be loaded into the {@link auto.$injector} when the application is bootstrapped. It
+ * should contain the application code needed or have dependencies on other modules that will
+ * contain the code. See {@link angular.module} for more information.
+ *
+ * In the example below if the `ngApp` directive were not placed on the `html` element then the
+ * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
+ * would not be resolved to `3`.
+ *
+ * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common way to bootstrap an application.
+ *
+ <example module="ngAppDemo">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
+     I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+   </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppDemo', []).controller('ngAppDemoController', function($scope) {
+     $scope.a = 1;
+     $scope.b = 2;
+   });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ *
+ * Using `ngStrictDi`, you would see something like this:
+ *
+ <example ng-app-included="true">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-app="ngAppStrictDemo" ng-strict-di>
+       <div ng-controller="GoodController1">
+           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+
+           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
+              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style (see
+              script.js for details)
+           </p>
+       </div>
+
+       <div ng-controller="GoodController2">
+           Name: <input ng-model="name"><br />
+           Hello, {{name}}!
+
+           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
+              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style
+              (see script.js for details)
+           </p>
+       </div>
+
+       <div ng-controller="BadController">
+           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+
+           <p>The controller could not be instantiated, due to relying
+              on automatic function annotations (which are disabled in
+              strict mode). As such, the content of this section is not
+              interpolated, and there should be an error in your web console.
+           </p>
+       </div>
+   </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppStrictDemo', [])
+     // BadController will fail to instantiate, due to relying on automatic function annotation,
+     // rather than an explicit annotation
+     .controller('BadController', function($scope) {
+       $scope.a = 1;
+       $scope.b = 2;
+     })
+     // Unlike BadController, GoodController1 and GoodController2 will not fail to be instantiated,
+     // due to using explicit annotations using the array style and $inject property, respectively.
+     .controller('GoodController1', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+       $scope.a = 1;
+       $scope.b = 2;
+     }])
+     .controller('GoodController2', GoodController2);
+     function GoodController2($scope) {
+       $scope.name = "World";
+     }
+     GoodController2.$inject = ['$scope'];
+   </file>
+   <file name="style.css">
+   div[ng-controller] {
+       margin-bottom: 1em;
+       -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
+       border-radius: 4px;
+       border: 1px solid;
+       padding: .5em;
+   }
+   div[ng-controller^=Good] {
+       border-color: #d6e9c6;
+       background-color: #dff0d8;
+       color: #3c763d;
+   }
+   div[ng-controller^=Bad] {
+       border-color: #ebccd1;
+       background-color: #f2dede;
+       color: #a94442;
+       margin-bottom: 0;
+   }
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ */
+function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
+  var appElement,
+      module,
+      config = {};
+
+  // The element `element` has priority over any other element
+  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
+    var name = prefix + 'app';
+
+    if (!appElement && element.hasAttribute && element.hasAttribute(name)) {
+      appElement = element;
+      module = element.getAttribute(name);
+    }
+  });
+  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
+    var name = prefix + 'app';
+    var candidate;
+
+    if (!appElement && (candidate = element.querySelector('[' + name.replace(':', '\\:') + ']'))) {
+      appElement = candidate;
+      module = candidate.getAttribute(name);
+    }
+  });
+  if (appElement) {
+    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, "strict-di") !== null;
+    bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : [], config);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bootstrap
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
+ *
+ * See: {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap}
+ *
+ * Note that Protractor based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
+ * They must use {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp}.
+ *
+ * Angular will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
+ * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
+ * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
+ * multiple instances of Angular try to work on the DOM.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!doctype html>
+ * <html>
+ * <body>
+ * <div ng-controller="WelcomeController">
+ *   {{greeting}}
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <script src="angular.js"></script>
+ * <script>
+ *   var app = angular.module('demo', [])
+ *   .controller('WelcomeController', function($scope) {
+ *       $scope.greeting = 'Welcome!';
+ *   });
+ *   angular.bootstrap(document, ['demo']);
+ * </script>
+ * </body>
+ * </html>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ * @param {Object=} config an object for defining configuration options for the application. The
+ *     following keys are supported:
+ *
+ * * `strictDi` - disable automatic function annotation for the application. This is meant to
+ *   assist in finding bugs which break minified code. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * @returns {auto.$injector} Returns the newly created injector for this app.
+ */
+function bootstrap(element, modules, config) {
+  if (!isObject(config)) config = {};
+  var defaultConfig = {
+    strictDi: false
+  };
+  config = extend(defaultConfig, config);
+  var doBootstrap = function() {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    if (element.injector()) {
+      var tag = (element[0] === document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
+      //Encode angle brackets to prevent input from being sanitized to empty string #8683
+      throw ngMinErr(
+          'btstrpd',
+          "App Already Bootstrapped with this Element '{0}'",
+          tag.replace(/</,'&lt;').replace(/>/,'&gt;'));
+    }
+
+    modules = modules || [];
+    modules.unshift(['$provide', function($provide) {
+      $provide.value('$rootElement', element);
+    }]);
+
+    if (config.debugInfoEnabled) {
+      // Pushing so that this overrides `debugInfoEnabled` setting defined in user's `modules`.
+      modules.push(['$compileProvider', function($compileProvider) {
+        $compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(true);
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    modules.unshift('ng');
+    var injector = createInjector(modules, config.strictDi);
+    injector.invoke(['$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$compile', '$injector',
+       function bootstrapApply(scope, element, compile, injector) {
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          element.data('$injector', injector);
+          compile(element)(scope);
+        });
+      }]
+    );
+    return injector;
+  };
+
+  var NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = /^NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO!/;
+  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;
+
+  if (window && NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO.test(window.name)) {
+    config.debugInfoEnabled = true;
+    window.name = window.name.replace(NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO, '');
+  }
+
+  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
+    return doBootstrap();
+  }
+
+  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP, '');
+  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
+    forEach(extraModules, function(module) {
+      modules.push(module);
+    });
+    return doBootstrap();
+  };
+
+  if (isFunction(angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap)) {
+    angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.reloadWithDebugInfo
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to reload the current application with debug information turned on.
+ * This takes precedence over a call to `$compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(false)`.
+ *
+ * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled} for more.
+ */
+function reloadWithDebugInfo() {
+  window.name = 'NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO!' + window.name;
+  window.location.reload();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name angular.getTestability
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Get the testability service for the instance of Angular on the given
+ * element.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ */
+function getTestability(rootElement) {
+  var injector = angular.element(rootElement).injector();
+  if (!injector) {
+    throw ngMinErr('test',
+      'no injector found for element argument to getTestability');
+  }
+  return injector.get('$$testability');
+}
+
+var SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP = /[A-Z]/g;
+function snake_case(name, separator) {
+  separator = separator || '_';
+  return name.replace(SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP, function(letter, pos) {
+    return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
+  });
+}
+
+var bindJQueryFired = false;
+var skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData;
+function bindJQuery() {
+  var originalCleanData;
+
+  if (bindJQueryFired) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // bind to jQuery if present;
+  var jqName = jq();
+  jQuery = isUndefined(jqName) ? window.jQuery :   // use jQuery (if present)
+           !jqName             ? undefined     :   // use jqLite
+                                 window[jqName];   // use jQuery specified by `ngJq`
+
+  // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
+  // Angular 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
+  // Angular 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
+  // versions. It will not work for sure with jQuery <1.7, though.
+  if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
+    jqLite = jQuery;
+    extend(jQuery.fn, {
+      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
+      isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
+      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
+      injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
+      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
+    });
+
+    // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jQuery APIs like .remove()
+    // are passed through jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
+    // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
+    originalCleanData = jQuery.cleanData;
+    jQuery.cleanData = function(elems) {
+      var events;
+      if (!skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData) {
+        for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+          events = jQuery._data(elem, "events");
+          if (events && events.$destroy) {
+            jQuery(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData = false;
+      }
+      originalCleanData(elems);
+    };
+  } else {
+    jqLite = JQLite;
+  }
+
+  angular.element = jqLite;
+
+  // Prevent double-proxying.
+  bindJQueryFired = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the argument is falsy.
+ */
+function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
+  if (!arg) {
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
+  }
+  return arg;
+}
+
+function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
+  if (acceptArrayAnnotation && isArray(arg)) {
+      arg = arg[arg.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
+      (arg && typeof arg === 'object' ? arg.constructor.name || 'Object' : typeof arg));
+  return arg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the name given is hasOwnProperty
+ * @param  {String} name    the name to test
+ * @param  {String} context the context in which the name is used, such as module or directive
+ */
+function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
+  if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the value accessible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
+ * @param {Object} obj starting object
+ * @param {String} path path to traverse
+ * @param {boolean} [bindFnToScope=true]
+ * @returns {Object} value as accessible by path
+ */
+//TODO(misko): this function needs to be removed
+function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
+  if (!path) return obj;
+  var keys = path.split('.');
+  var key;
+  var lastInstance = obj;
+  var len = keys.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (obj) {
+      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
+    }
+  }
+  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
+    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the DOM siblings between the first and last node in the given array.
+ * @param {Array} array like object
+ * @returns {Array} the inputted object or a jqLite collection containing the nodes
+ */
+function getBlockNodes(nodes) {
+  // TODO(perf): update `nodes` instead of creating a new object?
+  var node = nodes[0];
+  var endNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
+  var blockNodes;
+
+  for (var i = 1; node !== endNode && (node = node.nextSibling); i++) {
+    if (blockNodes || nodes[i] !== node) {
+      if (!blockNodes) {
+        blockNodes = jqLite(slice.call(nodes, 0, i));
+      }
+      blockNodes.push(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return blockNodes || nodes;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new object without a prototype. This object is useful for lookup without having to
+ * guard against prototypically inherited properties via hasOwnProperty.
+ *
+ * Related micro-benchmarks:
+ * - http://jsperf.com/object-create2
+ * - http://jsperf.com/proto-map-lookup/2
+ * - http://jsperf.com/for-in-vs-object-keys2
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}
+ */
+function createMap() {
+  return Object.create(null);
+}
+
+var NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT = 1;
+var NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = 2;
+var NODE_TYPE_TEXT = 3;
+var NODE_TYPE_COMMENT = 8;
+var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT = 9;
+var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT = 11;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name angular.Module
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
+ */
+
+function setupModuleLoader(window) {
+
+  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');
+
+  function ensure(obj, name, factory) {
+    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
+  }
+
+  var angular = ensure(window, 'angular', Object);
+
+  // We need to expose `angular.$$minErr` to modules such as `ngResource` that reference it during bootstrap
+  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;
+
+  return ensure(angular, 'module', function() {
+    /** @type {Object.<string, angular.Module>} */
+    var modules = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name angular.module
+     * @module ng
+     * @description
+     *
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
+     * modules.
+     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * registered using this mechanism.
+     *
+     * Passing one argument retrieves an existing {@link angular.Module},
+     * whereas passing more than one argument creates a new {@link angular.Module}
+     *
+     *
+     * # Module
+     *
+     * A module is a collection of services, directives, controllers, filters, and configuration information.
+     * `angular.module` is used to configure the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * // Create a new module
+     * var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
+     *
+     * // register a new service
+     * myModule.value('appName', 'MyCoolApp');
+     *
+     * // configure existing services inside initialization blocks.
+     * myModule.config(['$locationProvider', function($locationProvider) {
+     *   // Configure existing providers
+     *   $locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');
+     * }]);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Then you can create an injector and load your modules like this:
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * var injector = angular.injector(['ng', 'myModule'])
+     * ```
+     *
+     * However it's more likely that you'll just use
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} or
+     * {@link angular.bootstrap} to simplify this process for you.
+     *
+     * @param {!string} name The name of the module to create or retrieve.
+     * @param {!Array.<string>=} requires If specified then new module is being created. If
+     *        unspecified then the module is being retrieved for further configuration.
+     * @param {Function=} configFn Optional configuration function for the module. Same as
+     *        {@link angular.Module#config Module#config()}.
+     * @returns {module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
+     */
+    return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+      var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
+        if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+          throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
+        }
+      };
+
+      assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'module');
+      if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        modules[name] = null;
+      }
+      return ensure(modules, name, function() {
+        if (!requires) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
+             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
+             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
+        }
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
+        var invokeQueue = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var configBlocks = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var runBlocks = [];
+
+        var config = invokeLater('$injector', 'invoke', 'push', configBlocks);
+
+        /** @type {angular.Module} */
+        var moduleInstance = {
+          // Private state
+          _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,
+          _configBlocks: configBlocks,
+          _runBlocks: runBlocks,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#requires
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Holds the list of modules which the injector will load before the current module is
+           * loaded.
+           */
+          requires: requires,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#name
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Name of the module.
+           */
+          name: name,
+
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#provider
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerType Construction function for creating new instance of the
+           *                                service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+           */
+          provider: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'provider'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#factory
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerFunction Function for creating new instance of the service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory()}.
+           */
+          factory: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'factory'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#service
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} constructor A constructor function that will be instantiated.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service()}.
+           */
+          service: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'service'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#value
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {*} object Service instance object.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#value $provide.value()}.
+           */
+          value: invokeLater('$provide', 'value'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#constant
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name constant name
+           * @param {*} object Constant value.
+           * @description
+           * Because the constant are fixed, they get applied before other provide methods.
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#constant $provide.constant()}.
+           */
+          constant: invokeLater('$provide', 'constant', 'unshift'),
+
+           /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#decorator
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} The name of the service to decorate.
+           * @param {Function} This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
+           *                                    instantiated and should return the decorated service instance.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#decorator $provide.decorator()}.
+           */
+          decorator: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$provide', 'decorator'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#animation
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name animation name
+           * @param {Function} animationFactory Factory function for creating new instance of an
+           *                                    animation.
+           * @description
+           *
+           * **NOTE**: animations take effect only if the **ngAnimate** module is loaded.
+           *
+           *
+           * Defines an animation hook that can be later used with
+           * {@link $animate $animate} service and directives that use this service.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * module.animation('.animation-name', function($inject1, $inject2) {
+           *   return {
+           *     eventName : function(element, done) {
+           *       //code to run the animation
+           *       //once complete, then run done()
+           *       return function cancellationFunction(element) {
+           *         //code to cancel the animation
+           *       }
+           *     }
+           *   }
+           * })
+           * ```
+           *
+           * See {@link ng.$animateProvider#register $animateProvider.register()} and
+           * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} for more information.
+           */
+          animation: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$animateProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#filter
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name Filter name - this must be a valid angular expression identifier
+           * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
+           *
+           * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+           * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+           * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+           * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+           * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+           * </div>
+           */
+          filter: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$filterProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#controller
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the constructors.
+           * @param {Function} constructor Controller constructor function.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register $controllerProvider.register()}.
+           */
+          controller: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$controllerProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#directive
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Directive name, or an object map of directives where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the factories.
+           * @param {Function} directiveFactory Factory function for creating new instance of
+           * directives.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+           */
+          directive: invokeLaterAndSetModuleName('$compileProvider', 'directive'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#config
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
+           *    configuration.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
+           * For more about how to configure services, see
+           * {@link providers#provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
+           */
+          config: config,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#run
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {Function} initializationFn Execute this function after injector creation.
+           *    Useful for application initialization.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which should be performed when the injector is done
+           * loading all modules.
+           */
+          run: function(block) {
+            runBlocks.push(block);
+            return this;
+          }
+        };
+
+        if (configFn) {
+          config(configFn);
+        }
+
+        return moduleInstance;
+
+        /**
+         * @param {string} provider
+         * @param {string} method
+         * @param {String=} insertMethod
+         * @returns {angular.Module}
+         */
+        function invokeLater(provider, method, insertMethod, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
+          return function() {
+            queue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider, method, arguments]);
+            return moduleInstance;
+          };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @param {string} provider
+         * @param {string} method
+         * @returns {angular.Module}
+         */
+        function invokeLaterAndSetModuleName(provider, method) {
+          return function(recipeName, factoryFunction) {
+            if (factoryFunction && isFunction(factoryFunction)) factoryFunction.$$moduleName = name;
+            invokeQueue.push([provider, method, arguments]);
+            return moduleInstance;
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    };
+  });
+
+}
+
+/* global: toDebugString: true */
+
+function serializeObject(obj) {
+  var seen = [];
+
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, val) {
+    val = toJsonReplacer(key, val);
+    if (isObject(val)) {
+
+      if (seen.indexOf(val) >= 0) return '...';
+
+      seen.push(val);
+    }
+    return val;
+  });
+}
+
+function toDebugString(obj) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'function') {
+    return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
+  } else if (isUndefined(obj)) {
+    return 'undefined';
+  } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
+    return serializeObject(obj);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/* global angularModule: true,
+  version: true,
+
+  $CompileProvider,
+
+  htmlAnchorDirective,
+  inputDirective,
+  inputDirective,
+  formDirective,
+  scriptDirective,
+  selectDirective,
+  styleDirective,
+  optionDirective,
+  ngBindDirective,
+  ngBindHtmlDirective,
+  ngBindTemplateDirective,
+  ngClassDirective,
+  ngClassEvenDirective,
+  ngClassOddDirective,
+  ngCloakDirective,
+  ngControllerDirective,
+  ngFormDirective,
+  ngHideDirective,
+  ngIfDirective,
+  ngIncludeDirective,
+  ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+  ngInitDirective,
+  ngNonBindableDirective,
+  ngPluralizeDirective,
+  ngRepeatDirective,
+  ngShowDirective,
+  ngStyleDirective,
+  ngSwitchDirective,
+  ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+  ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+  ngOptionsDirective,
+  ngTranscludeDirective,
+  ngModelDirective,
+  ngListDirective,
+  ngChangeDirective,
+  patternDirective,
+  patternDirective,
+  requiredDirective,
+  requiredDirective,
+  minlengthDirective,
+  minlengthDirective,
+  maxlengthDirective,
+  maxlengthDirective,
+  ngValueDirective,
+  ngModelOptionsDirective,
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives,
+  ngEventDirectives,
+
+  $AnchorScrollProvider,
+  $AnimateProvider,
+  $CoreAnimateCssProvider,
+  $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider,
+  $$CoreAnimateRunnerProvider,
+  $BrowserProvider,
+  $CacheFactoryProvider,
+  $ControllerProvider,
+  $DocumentProvider,
+  $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+  $FilterProvider,
+  $$ForceReflowProvider,
+  $InterpolateProvider,
+  $IntervalProvider,
+  $$HashMapProvider,
+  $HttpProvider,
+  $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
+  $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
+  $HttpBackendProvider,
+  $xhrFactoryProvider,
+  $LocationProvider,
+  $LogProvider,
+  $ParseProvider,
+  $RootScopeProvider,
+  $QProvider,
+  $$QProvider,
+  $$SanitizeUriProvider,
+  $SceProvider,
+  $SceDelegateProvider,
+  $SnifferProvider,
+  $TemplateCacheProvider,
+  $TemplateRequestProvider,
+  $$TestabilityProvider,
+  $TimeoutProvider,
+  $$RAFProvider,
+  $WindowProvider,
+  $$jqLiteProvider,
+  $$CookieReaderProvider
+*/
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name angular.version
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version.
+ *
+ * This object has the following properties:
+ *
+ * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
+ * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
+ * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
+ * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
+ * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
+ */
+var version = {
+  full: '1.4.7',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
+  major: 1,    // package task
+  minor: 4,
+  dot: 7,
+  codeName: 'dark-luminescence'
+};
+
+
+function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
+  extend(angular, {
+    'bootstrap': bootstrap,
+    'copy': copy,
+    'extend': extend,
+    'merge': merge,
+    'equals': equals,
+    'element': jqLite,
+    'forEach': forEach,
+    'injector': createInjector,
+    'noop': noop,
+    'bind': bind,
+    'toJson': toJson,
+    'fromJson': fromJson,
+    'identity': identity,
+    'isUndefined': isUndefined,
+    'isDefined': isDefined,
+    'isString': isString,
+    'isFunction': isFunction,
+    'isObject': isObject,
+    'isNumber': isNumber,
+    'isElement': isElement,
+    'isArray': isArray,
+    'version': version,
+    'isDate': isDate,
+    'lowercase': lowercase,
+    'uppercase': uppercase,
+    'callbacks': {counter: 0},
+    'getTestability': getTestability,
+    '$$minErr': minErr,
+    '$$csp': csp,
+    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo
+  });
+
+  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
+
+  angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
+    function ngModule($provide) {
+      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
+      $provide.provider({
+        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
+      });
+      $provide.provider('$compile', $CompileProvider).
+        directive({
+            a: htmlAnchorDirective,
+            input: inputDirective,
+            textarea: inputDirective,
+            form: formDirective,
+            script: scriptDirective,
+            select: selectDirective,
+            style: styleDirective,
+            option: optionDirective,
+            ngBind: ngBindDirective,
+            ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
+            ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,
+            ngClass: ngClassDirective,
+            ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,
+            ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,
+            ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,
+            ngController: ngControllerDirective,
+            ngForm: ngFormDirective,
+            ngHide: ngHideDirective,
+            ngIf: ngIfDirective,
+            ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,
+            ngInit: ngInitDirective,
+            ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
+            ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
+            ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
+            ngShow: ngShowDirective,
+            ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
+            ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,
+            ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+            ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+            ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,
+            ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,
+            ngModel: ngModelDirective,
+            ngList: ngListDirective,
+            ngChange: ngChangeDirective,
+            pattern: patternDirective,
+            ngPattern: patternDirective,
+            required: requiredDirective,
+            ngRequired: requiredDirective,
+            minlength: minlengthDirective,
+            ngMinlength: minlengthDirective,
+            maxlength: maxlengthDirective,
+            ngMaxlength: maxlengthDirective,
+            ngValue: ngValueDirective,
+            ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective
+        }).
+        directive({
+          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
+        }).
+        directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
+        directive(ngEventDirectives);
+      $provide.provider({
+        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,
+        $animate: $AnimateProvider,
+        $animateCss: $CoreAnimateCssProvider,
+        $$animateQueue: $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider,
+        $$AnimateRunner: $$CoreAnimateRunnerProvider,
+        $browser: $BrowserProvider,
+        $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
+        $controller: $ControllerProvider,
+        $document: $DocumentProvider,
+        $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+        $filter: $FilterProvider,
+        $$forceReflow: $$ForceReflowProvider,
+        $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
+        $interval: $IntervalProvider,
+        $http: $HttpProvider,
+        $httpParamSerializer: $HttpParamSerializerProvider,
+        $httpParamSerializerJQLike: $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider,
+        $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
+        $xhrFactory: $xhrFactoryProvider,
+        $location: $LocationProvider,
+        $log: $LogProvider,
+        $parse: $ParseProvider,
+        $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
+        $q: $QProvider,
+        $$q: $$QProvider,
+        $sce: $SceProvider,
+        $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
+        $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
+        $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
+        $templateRequest: $TemplateRequestProvider,
+        $$testability: $$TestabilityProvider,
+        $timeout: $TimeoutProvider,
+        $window: $WindowProvider,
+        $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
+        $$jqLite: $$jqLiteProvider,
+        $$HashMap: $$HashMapProvider,
+        $$cookieReader: $$CookieReaderProvider
+      });
+    }
+  ]);
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+/* global JQLitePrototype: true,
+  addEventListenerFn: true,
+  removeEventListenerFn: true,
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR: true,
+  ALIASED_ATTR: true,
+*/
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+//JQLite
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.element
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
+ *
+ * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
+ * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
+ * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or "jqLite."
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
+ * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. **jqLite** implements only the most
+ * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.</div>
+ *
+ * To use `jQuery`, simply ensure it is loaded before the `angular.js` file.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert">**Note:** all element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
+ * jqLite; they are never raw DOM references.</div>
+ *
+ * ## Angular's jqLite
+ * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
+ *
+ * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
+ * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
+ * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
+ * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/) - Does not support functions as parameters
+ * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
+ * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
+ * - [`css()`](http://api.jquery.com/css/) - Only retrieves inline-styles, does not call `getComputedStyle()`. As a setter, does not convert numbers to strings or append 'px'.
+ * - [`data()`](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
+ * - [`detach()`](http://api.jquery.com/detach/)
+ * - [`empty()`](http://api.jquery.com/empty/)
+ * - [`eq()`](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
+ * - [`find()`](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name
+ * - [`hasClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
+ * - [`html()`](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
+ * - [`next()`](http://api.jquery.com/next/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or event object as parameter
+ * - [`one()`](http://api.jquery.com/one/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
+ * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
+ * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
+ * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
+ * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
+ * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
+ * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
+ * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
+ * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
+ * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
+ * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/)
+ * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers.
+ * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) - Does not support namespaces or event object as parameter
+ * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
+ * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
+ *
+ * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
+ * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
+ *
+ * ### Events
+ * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
+ *    on all DOM nodes being removed.  This can be used to clean up any 3rd party bindings to the DOM
+ *    element before it is removed.
+ *
+ * ### Methods
+ * - `controller(name)` - retrieves the controller of the current element or its parent. By default
+ *   retrieves controller associated with the `ngController` directive. If `name` is provided as
+ *   camelCase directive name, then the controller for this directive will be retrieved (e.g.
+ *   `'ngModel'`).
+ * - `injector()` - retrieves the injector of the current element or its parent.
+ * - `scope()` - retrieves the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} of the current
+ *   element or its parent. Requires {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Debug Data} to
+ *   be enabled.
+ * - `isolateScope()` - retrieves an isolate {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} if one is attached directly to the
+ *   current element. This getter should be used only on elements that contain a directive which starts a new isolate
+ *   scope. Calling `scope()` on this element always returns the original non-isolate scope.
+ *   Requires {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Debug Data} to be enabled.
+ * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
+ *   parent element is reached.
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
+ * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
+ */
+
+JQLite.expando = 'ng339';
+
+var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
+    jqId = 1,
+    addEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
+      element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
+    },
+    removeEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
+      element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false);
+    };
+
+/*
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
+ */
+JQLite._data = function(node) {
+  //jQuery always returns an object on cache miss
+  return this.cache[node[this.expando]] || {};
+};
+
+function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }
+
+
+var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
+var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
+var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP= { mouseleave: "mouseout", mouseenter: "mouseover"};
+var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');
+
+/**
+ * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
+ * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function camelCase(name) {
+  return name.
+    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
+      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
+    }).
+    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
+}
+
+var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<([\w-]+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
+var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
+var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:-]+)/;
+var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:-]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;
+
+var wrapMap = {
+  'option': [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
+
+  'thead': [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
+  'col': [2, '<table><colgroup>', '</colgroup></table>'],
+  'tr': [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
+  'td': [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>'],
+  '_default': [0, "", ""]
+};
+
+wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
+wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
+wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
+
+
+function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
+  return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
+}
+
+function jqLiteAcceptsData(node) {
+  // The window object can accept data but has no nodeType
+  // Otherwise we are only interested in elements (1) and documents (9)
+  var nodeType = node.nodeType;
+  return nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT || !nodeType || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT;
+}
+
+function jqLiteHasData(node) {
+  for (var key in jqCache[node.ng339]) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
+  var tmp, tag, wrap,
+      fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
+      nodes = [], i;
+
+  if (jqLiteIsTextNode(html)) {
+    // Convert non-html into a text node
+    nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
+  } else {
+    // Convert html into DOM nodes
+    tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
+    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
+    wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
+    tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
+
+    // Descend through wrappers to the right content
+    i = wrap[0];
+    while (i--) {
+      tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+    }
+
+    nodes = concat(nodes, tmp.childNodes);
+
+    tmp = fragment.firstChild;
+    tmp.textContent = "";
+  }
+
+  // Remove wrapper from fragment
+  fragment.textContent = "";
+  fragment.innerHTML = ""; // Clear inner HTML
+  forEach(nodes, function(node) {
+    fragment.appendChild(node);
+  });
+
+  return fragment;
+}
+
+function jqLiteParseHTML(html, context) {
+  context = context || document;
+  var parsed;
+
+  if ((parsed = SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP.exec(html))) {
+    return [context.createElement(parsed[1])];
+  }
+
+  if ((parsed = jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context))) {
+    return parsed.childNodes;
+  }
+
+  return [];
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////
+function JQLite(element) {
+  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
+    return element;
+  }
+
+  var argIsString;
+
+  if (isString(element)) {
+    element = trim(element);
+    argIsString = true;
+  }
+  if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
+    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
+      throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
+    }
+    return new JQLite(element);
+  }
+
+  if (argIsString) {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
+  } else {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteClone(element) {
+  return element.cloneNode(true);
+}
+
+function jqLiteDealoc(element, onlyDescendants) {
+  if (!onlyDescendants) jqLiteRemoveData(element);
+
+  if (element.querySelectorAll) {
+    var descendants = element.querySelectorAll('*');
+    for (var i = 0, l = descendants.length; i < l; i++) {
+      jqLiteRemoveData(descendants[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+  if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('offargs', 'jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument');
+
+  var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element);
+  var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+  var handle = expandoStore && expandoStore.handle;
+
+  if (!handle) return; //no listeners registered
+
+  if (!type) {
+    for (type in events) {
+      if (type !== '$destroy') {
+        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+      }
+      delete events[type];
+    }
+  } else {
+    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
+      if (isDefined(fn)) {
+        var listenerFns = events[type];
+        arrayRemove(listenerFns || [], fn);
+        if (listenerFns && listenerFns.length > 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+      delete events[type];
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339;
+  var expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (expandoStore) {
+    if (name) {
+      delete expandoStore.data[name];
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (expandoStore.handle) {
+      if (expandoStore.events.$destroy) {
+        expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
+      }
+      jqLiteOff(element);
+    }
+    delete jqCache[expandoId];
+    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, createIfNecessary) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339,
+      expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (createIfNecessary && !expandoStore) {
+    element.ng339 = expandoId = jqNextId();
+    expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId] = {events: {}, data: {}, handle: undefined};
+  }
+
+  return expandoStore;
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
+  if (jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+
+    var isSimpleSetter = isDefined(value);
+    var isSimpleGetter = !isSimpleSetter && key && !isObject(key);
+    var massGetter = !key;
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, !isSimpleGetter);
+    var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
+
+    if (isSimpleSetter) { // data('key', value)
+      data[key] = value;
+    } else {
+      if (massGetter) {  // data()
+        return data;
+      } else {
+        if (isSimpleGetter) { // data('key')
+          // don't force creation of expandoStore if it doesn't exist yet
+          return data && data[key];
+        } else { // mass-setter: data({key1: val1, key2: val2})
+          extend(data, key);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
+  if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
+  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
+      indexOf(" " + selector + " ") > -1);
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
+          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
+          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
+          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
+      );
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");
+
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+      }
+    });
+
+    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
+  // THIS CODE IS VERY HOT. Don't make changes without benchmarking.
+
+  if (elements) {
+
+    // if a Node (the most common case)
+    if (elements.nodeType) {
+      root[root.length++] = elements;
+    } else {
+      var length = elements.length;
+
+      // if an Array or NodeList and not a Window
+      if (typeof length === 'number' && elements.window !== elements) {
+        if (length) {
+          for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            root[root.length++] = elements[i];
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        root[root.length++] = elements;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteController(element, name) {
+  return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$' + (name || 'ngController') + 'Controller');
+}
+
+function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
+  // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
+  // this makes $(document).scope() possible
+  if (element.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
+    element = element.documentElement;
+  }
+  var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];
+
+  while (element) {
+    for (var i = 0, ii = names.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if (isDefined(value = jqLite.data(element, names[i]))) return value;
+    }
+
+    // If dealing with a document fragment node with a host element, and no parent, use the host
+    // element as the parent. This enables directives within a Shadow DOM or polyfilled Shadow DOM
+    // to lookup parent controllers.
+    element = element.parentNode || (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT && element.host);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteEmpty(element) {
+  jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
+  while (element.firstChild) {
+    element.removeChild(element.firstChild);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemove(element, keepData) {
+  if (!keepData) jqLiteDealoc(element);
+  var parent = element.parentNode;
+  if (parent) parent.removeChild(element);
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteDocumentLoaded(action, win) {
+  win = win || window;
+  if (win.document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    // Force the action to be run async for consistent behaviour
+    // from the action's point of view
+    // i.e. it will definitely not be in a $apply
+    win.setTimeout(action);
+  } else {
+    // No need to unbind this handler as load is only ever called once
+    jqLite(win).on('load', action);
+  }
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions which are declared directly.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
+  ready: function(fn) {
+    var fired = false;
+
+    function trigger() {
+      if (fired) return;
+      fired = true;
+      fn();
+    }
+
+    // check if document is already loaded
+    if (document.readyState === 'complete') {
+      setTimeout(trigger);
+    } else {
+      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
+      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
+      // jshint -W064
+      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
+      // jshint +W064
+    }
+  },
+  toString: function() {
+    var value = [];
+    forEach(this, function(e) { value.push('' + e);});
+    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
+  },
+
+  eq: function(index) {
+      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
+  },
+
+  length: 0,
+  push: push,
+  sort: [].sort,
+  splice: [].splice
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating getter/setters.
+// these functions return self on setter and
+// value on get.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
+forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required,open'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
+});
+var BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS = {};
+forEach('input,select,option,textarea,button,form,details'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[value] = true;
+});
+var ALIASED_ATTR = {
+  'ngMinlength': 'minlength',
+  'ngMaxlength': 'maxlength',
+  'ngMin': 'min',
+  'ngMax': 'max',
+  'ngPattern': 'pattern'
+};
+
+function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
+  // check dom last since we will most likely fail on name
+  var booleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name.toLowerCase()];
+
+  // booleanAttr is here twice to minimize DOM access
+  return booleanAttr && BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[nodeName_(element)] && booleanAttr;
+}
+
+function getAliasedAttrName(name) {
+  return ALIASED_ATTR[name];
+}
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
+  hasData: jqLiteHasData
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  JQLite[name] = fn;
+});
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  inheritedData: jqLiteInheritedData,
+
+  scope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite.data(element, '$scope') || jqLiteInheritedData(element.parentNode || element, ['$isolateScope', '$scope']);
+  },
+
+  isolateScope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScope') || jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScopeNoTemplate');
+  },
+
+  controller: jqLiteController,
+
+  injector: function(element) {
+    return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$injector');
+  },
+
+  removeAttr: function(element, name) {
+    element.removeAttribute(name);
+  },
+
+  hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,
+
+  css: function(element, name, value) {
+    name = camelCase(name);
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.style[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element.style[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  attr: function(element, name, value) {
+    var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+    if (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
+    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
+      if (isDefined(value)) {
+        if (!!value) {
+          element[name] = true;
+          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
+        } else {
+          element[name] = false;
+          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (element[name] ||
+                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name) || noop).specified)
+               ? lowercasedName
+               : undefined;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.setAttribute(name, value);
+    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
+      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
+      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
+      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
+      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
+      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
+    }
+  },
+
+  prop: function(element, name, value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  text: (function() {
+    getText.$dv = '';
+    return getText;
+
+    function getText(element, value) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+        return (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT) ? element.textContent : '';
+      }
+      element.textContent = value;
+    }
+  })(),
+
+  val: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      if (element.multiple && nodeName_(element) === 'select') {
+        var result = [];
+        forEach(element.options, function(option) {
+          if (option.selected) {
+            result.push(option.value || option.text);
+          }
+        });
+        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
+      }
+      return element.value;
+    }
+    element.value = value;
+  },
+
+  html: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return element.innerHTML;
+    }
+    jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
+    element.innerHTML = value;
+  },
+
+  empty: jqLiteEmpty
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  /**
+   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
+    var i, key;
+    var nodeCount = this.length;
+
+    // jqLiteHasClass has only two arguments, but is a getter-only fn, so we need to special-case it
+    // in a way that survives minification.
+    // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
+    if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
+        (isUndefined((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2))) {
+      if (isObject(arg1)) {
+
+        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
+        for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
+          if (fn === jqLiteData) {
+            // data() takes the whole object in jQuery
+            fn(this[i], arg1);
+          } else {
+            for (key in arg1) {
+              fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // return self for chaining
+        return this;
+      } else {
+        // we are a read, so read the first child.
+        // TODO: do we still need this?
+        var value = fn.$dv;
+        // Only if we have $dv do we iterate over all, otherwise it is just the first element.
+        var jj = (isUndefined(value)) ? Math.min(nodeCount, 1) : nodeCount;
+        for (var j = 0; j < jj; j++) {
+          var nodeValue = fn(this[j], arg1, arg2);
+          value = value ? value + nodeValue : nodeValue;
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // we are a write, so apply to all children
+      for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
+        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
+      }
+      // return self for chaining
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+function createEventHandler(element, events) {
+  var eventHandler = function(event, type) {
+    // jQuery specific api
+    event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
+      return event.defaultPrevented;
+    };
+
+    var eventFns = events[type || event.type];
+    var eventFnsLength = eventFns ? eventFns.length : 0;
+
+    if (!eventFnsLength) return;
+
+    if (isUndefined(event.immediatePropagationStopped)) {
+      var originalStopImmediatePropagation = event.stopImmediatePropagation;
+      event.stopImmediatePropagation = function() {
+        event.immediatePropagationStopped = true;
+
+        if (event.stopPropagation) {
+          event.stopPropagation();
+        }
+
+        if (originalStopImmediatePropagation) {
+          originalStopImmediatePropagation.call(event);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    event.isImmediatePropagationStopped = function() {
+      return event.immediatePropagationStopped === true;
+    };
+
+    // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
+    if ((eventFnsLength > 1)) {
+      eventFns = shallowCopy(eventFns);
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < eventFnsLength; i++) {
+      if (!event.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+        eventFns[i].call(element, event);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // TODO: this is a hack for angularMocks/clearDataCache that makes it possible to deregister all
+  //       events on `element`
+  eventHandler.elem = element;
+  return eventHandler;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating traversal.
+// These functions chain results into a single
+// selector.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+forEach({
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
+
+  on: function jqLiteOn(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+    if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('onargs', 'jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters');
+
+    // Do not add event handlers to non-elements because they will not be cleaned up.
+    if (!jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, true);
+    var events = expandoStore.events;
+    var handle = expandoStore.handle;
+
+    if (!handle) {
+      handle = expandoStore.handle = createEventHandler(element, events);
+    }
+
+    // http://jsperf.com/string-indexof-vs-split
+    var types = type.indexOf(' ') >= 0 ? type.split(' ') : [type];
+    var i = types.length;
+
+    while (i--) {
+      type = types[i];
+      var eventFns = events[type];
+
+      if (!eventFns) {
+        events[type] = [];
+
+        if (type === 'mouseenter' || type === 'mouseleave') {
+          // Refer to jQuery's implementation of mouseenter & mouseleave
+          // Read about mouseenter and mouseleave:
+          // http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_mouse.html#link8
+
+          jqLiteOn(element, MOUSE_EVENT_MAP[type], function(event) {
+            var target = this, related = event.relatedTarget;
+            // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+            // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+            if (!related || (related !== target && !target.contains(related))) {
+              handle(event, type);
+            }
+          });
+
+        } else {
+          if (type !== '$destroy') {
+            addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+          }
+        }
+        eventFns = events[type];
+      }
+      eventFns.push(fn);
+    }
+  },
+
+  off: jqLiteOff,
+
+  one: function(element, type, fn) {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    //add the listener twice so that when it is called
+    //you can remove the original function and still be
+    //able to call element.off(ev, fn) normally
+    element.on(type, function onFn() {
+      element.off(type, fn);
+      element.off(type, onFn);
+    });
+    element.on(type, fn);
+  },
+
+  replaceWith: function(element, replaceNode) {
+    var index, parent = element.parentNode;
+    jqLiteDealoc(element);
+    forEach(new JQLite(replaceNode), function(node) {
+      if (index) {
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      } else {
+        parent.replaceChild(node, element);
+      }
+      index = node;
+    });
+  },
+
+  children: function(element) {
+    var children = [];
+    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element) {
+      if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+        children.push(element);
+      }
+    });
+    return children;
+  },
+
+  contents: function(element) {
+    return element.contentDocument || element.childNodes || [];
+  },
+
+  append: function(element, node) {
+    var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+    if (nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT && nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT) return;
+
+    node = new JQLite(node);
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = node.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      var child = node[i];
+      element.appendChild(child);
+    }
+  },
+
+  prepend: function(element, node) {
+    if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+      var index = element.firstChild;
+      forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child) {
+        element.insertBefore(child, index);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  wrap: function(element, wrapNode) {
+    wrapNode = jqLite(wrapNode).eq(0).clone()[0];
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    if (parent) {
+      parent.replaceChild(wrapNode, element);
+    }
+    wrapNode.appendChild(element);
+  },
+
+  remove: jqLiteRemove,
+
+  detach: function(element) {
+    jqLiteRemove(element, true);
+  },
+
+  after: function(element, newElement) {
+    var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
+    newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      var node = newElement[i];
+      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      index = node;
+    }
+  },
+
+  addClass: jqLiteAddClass,
+  removeClass: jqLiteRemoveClass,
+
+  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
+    if (selector) {
+      forEach(selector.split(' '), function(className) {
+        var classCondition = condition;
+        if (isUndefined(classCondition)) {
+          classCondition = !jqLiteHasClass(element, className);
+        }
+        (classCondition ? jqLiteAddClass : jqLiteRemoveClass)(element, className);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  parent: function(element) {
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    return parent && parent.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT ? parent : null;
+  },
+
+  next: function(element) {
+    return element.nextElementSibling;
+  },
+
+  find: function(element, selector) {
+    if (element.getElementsByTagName) {
+      return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
+    } else {
+      return [];
+    }
+  },
+
+  clone: jqLiteClone,
+
+  triggerHandler: function(element, event, extraParameters) {
+
+    var dummyEvent, eventFnsCopy, handlerArgs;
+    var eventName = event.type || event;
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element);
+    var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+    var eventFns = events && events[eventName];
+
+    if (eventFns) {
+      // Create a dummy event to pass to the handlers
+      dummyEvent = {
+        preventDefault: function() { this.defaultPrevented = true; },
+        isDefaultPrevented: function() { return this.defaultPrevented === true; },
+        stopImmediatePropagation: function() { this.immediatePropagationStopped = true; },
+        isImmediatePropagationStopped: function() { return this.immediatePropagationStopped === true; },
+        stopPropagation: noop,
+        type: eventName,
+        target: element
+      };
+
+      // If a custom event was provided then extend our dummy event with it
+      if (event.type) {
+        dummyEvent = extend(dummyEvent, event);
+      }
+
+      // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
+      eventFnsCopy = shallowCopy(eventFns);
+      handlerArgs = extraParameters ? [dummyEvent].concat(extraParameters) : [dummyEvent];
+
+      forEach(eventFnsCopy, function(fn) {
+        if (!dummyEvent.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+          fn.apply(element, handlerArgs);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  /**
+   * chaining functions
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+    var value;
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = this.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        value = fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3);
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          // any function which returns a value needs to be wrapped
+          value = jqLite(value);
+        }
+      } else {
+        jqLiteAddNodes(value, fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3));
+      }
+    }
+    return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
+  };
+
+  // bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
+  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
+  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
+});
+
+
+// Provider for private $$jqLite service
+function $$jqLiteProvider() {
+  this.$get = function $$jqLite() {
+    return extend(JQLite, {
+      hasClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteHasClass(node, classes);
+      },
+      addClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteAddClass(node, classes);
+      },
+      removeClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteRemoveClass(node, classes);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
+ * Hash of a:
+ *  string is string
+ *  number is number as string
+ *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
+ *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
+ *
+ * @param obj
+ * @returns {string} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
+ *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
+ */
+function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
+  var key = obj && obj.$$hashKey;
+
+  if (key) {
+    if (typeof key === 'function') {
+      key = obj.$$hashKey();
+    }
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  var objType = typeof obj;
+  if (objType == 'function' || (objType == 'object' && obj !== null)) {
+    key = obj.$$hashKey = objType + ':' + (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
+  } else {
+    key = objType + ':' + obj;
+  }
+
+  return key;
+}
+
+/**
+ * HashMap which can use objects as keys
+ */
+function HashMap(array, isolatedUid) {
+  if (isolatedUid) {
+    var uid = 0;
+    this.nextUid = function() {
+      return ++uid;
+    };
+  }
+  forEach(array, this.put, this);
+}
+HashMap.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * Store key value pair
+   * @param key key to store can be any type
+   * @param value value to store can be any type
+   */
+  put: function(key, value) {
+    this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)] = value;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param key
+   * @returns {Object} the value for the key
+   */
+  get: function(key) {
+    return this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the key/value pair
+   * @param key
+   */
+  remove: function(key) {
+    var value = this[key = hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
+    delete this[key];
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+var $$HashMapProvider = [function() {
+  this.$get = [function() {
+    return HashMap;
+  }];
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @module ng
+ * @name angular.injector
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates an injector object that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
+ * dependency injection (see {@link guide/di dependency injection}).
+ *
+ * @param {Array.<string|Function>} modules A list of module functions or their aliases. See
+ *     {@link angular.module}. The `ng` module must be explicitly added.
+ * @param {boolean=} [strictDi=false] Whether the injector should be in strict mode, which
+ *     disallows argument name annotation inference.
+ * @returns {injector} Injector object. See {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Typical usage
+ * ```js
+ *   // create an injector
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector(['ng']);
+ *
+ *   // use the injector to kick off your application
+ *   // use the type inference to auto inject arguments, or use implicit injection
+ *   $injector.invoke(function($rootScope, $compile, $document) {
+ *     $compile($document)($rootScope);
+ *     $rootScope.$digest();
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
+ * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
+ * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
+ * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
+ *
+ * *This is fairly rare but could be the case if a third party library is injecting the
+ * markup.*
+ *
+ * In the following example a new block of HTML containing a `ng-controller`
+ * directive is added to the end of the document body by JQuery. We then compile and link
+ * it into the current AngularJS scope.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var $div = $('<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">{{content.label}}</div>');
+ * $(document.body).append($div);
+ *
+ * angular.element(document).injector().invoke(function($compile) {
+ *   var scope = angular.element($div).scope();
+ *   $compile($div)(scope);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name auto
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+ */
+
+var FN_ARGS = /^[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
+var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
+var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
+var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
+var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+
+function anonFn(fn) {
+  // For anonymous functions, showing at the very least the function signature can help in
+  // debugging.
+  var fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, ''),
+      args = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
+  if (args) {
+    return 'function(' + (args[1] || '').replace(/[\s\r\n]+/, ' ') + ')';
+  }
+  return 'fn';
+}
+
+function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
+  var $inject,
+      fnText,
+      argDecl,
+      last;
+
+  if (typeof fn === 'function') {
+    if (!($inject = fn.$inject)) {
+      $inject = [];
+      if (fn.length) {
+        if (strictDi) {
+          if (!isString(name) || !name) {
+            name = fn.name || anonFn(fn);
+          }
+          throw $injectorMinErr('strictdi',
+            '{0} is not using explicit annotation and cannot be invoked in strict mode', name);
+        }
+        fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
+        argDecl = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
+        forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg) {
+          arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, underscore, name) {
+            $inject.push(name);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+      fn.$inject = $inject;
+    }
+  } else if (isArray(fn)) {
+    last = fn.length - 1;
+    assertArgFn(fn[last], 'fn');
+    $inject = fn.slice(0, last);
+  } else {
+    assertArgFn(fn, 'fn', true);
+  }
+  return $inject;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$injector` is used to retrieve object instances as defined by
+ * {@link auto.$provide provider}, instantiate types, invoke methods,
+ * and load modules.
+ *
+ * The following always holds true:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector();
+ *   expect($injector.get('$injector')).toBe($injector);
+ *   expect($injector.invoke(function($injector) {
+ *     return $injector;
+ *   })).toBe($injector);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * # Injection Function Annotation
+ *
+ * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
+ * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // inferred (only works if code not minified/obfuscated)
+ *   $injector.invoke(function(serviceA){});
+ *
+ *   // annotated
+ *   function explicit(serviceA) {};
+ *   explicit.$inject = ['serviceA'];
+ *   $injector.invoke(explicit);
+ *
+ *   // inline
+ *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Inference
+ *
+ * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
+ * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. This method of discovering
+ * annotations is disallowed when the injector is in strict mode.
+ * *NOTE:* This does not work with minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the
+ * argument names.
+ *
+ * ## `$inject` Annotation
+ * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
+ *
+ * ## Inline
+ * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#get
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Return an instance of the service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance to retrieve.
+ * @param {string=} caller An optional string to provide the origin of the function call for error messages.
+ * @return {*} The instance.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#invoke
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invoke the method and supply the method arguments from the `$injector`.
+ *
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn The injectable function to invoke. Function parameters are
+ *   injected according to the {@link guide/di $inject Annotation} rules.
+ * @param {Object=} self The `this` for the invoked method.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ *                         object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {*} the value returned by the invoked `fn` function.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#has
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Allows the user to query if the particular service exists.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Name of the service to query.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if injector has given service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#instantiate
+ * @description
+ * Create a new instance of JS type. The method takes a constructor function, invokes the new
+ * operator, and supplies all of the arguments to the constructor function as specified by the
+ * constructor annotation.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} Type Annotated constructor function.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ * object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {Object} new instance of `Type`.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#annotate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array of service names which the function is requesting for injection. This API is
+ * used by the injector to determine which services need to be injected into the function when the
+ * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
+ * dependencies.
+ *
+ * # Argument names
+ *
+ * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
+ * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
+ * names.
+ * ```js
+ *   // Given
+ *   function MyController($scope, $route) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You can disallow this method by using strict injection mode.
+ *
+ * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
+ * annotation strategies are supported.
+ *
+ * # The `$inject` property
+ *
+ * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
+ * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
+ * ```js
+ *   // Given
+ *   var MyController = function(obfuscatedScope, obfuscatedRoute) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *   // Define function dependencies
+ *   MyController['$inject'] = ['$scope', '$route'];
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * # The array notation
+ *
+ * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
+ * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
+ * a way that survives minification is a better choice:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // We wish to write this (not minification / obfuscation safe)
+ *   injector.invoke(function($compile, $rootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // We are forced to write break inlining
+ *   var tmpFn = function(obfuscatedCompile, obfuscatedRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   };
+ *   tmpFn.$inject = ['$compile', '$rootScope'];
+ *   injector.invoke(tmpFn);
+ *
+ *   // To better support inline function the inline annotation is supported
+ *   injector.invoke(['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfCompile, obfRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }]);
+ *
+ *   // Therefore
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(
+ *      ['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfus_$compile, obfus_$rootScope) {}])
+ *    ).toEqual(['$compile', '$rootScope']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn Function for which dependent service names need to
+ * be retrieved as described above.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} [strictDi=false] Disallow argument name annotation inference.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
+ */
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $provide
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has a number of methods for registering components
+ * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
+ * {@link angular.Module}.
+ *
+ * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
+ * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
+ * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
+ * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
+ *
+ * When you request a service, the {@link auto.$injector $injector} is responsible for finding the
+ * correct **service provider**, instantiating it and then calling its `$get` **service factory**
+ * function to get the instance of the **service**.
+ *
+ * Often services have no configuration options and there is no need to add methods to the service
+ * provider.  The provider will be no more than a constructor function with a `$get` property. For
+ * these cases the {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has additional helper methods to register
+ * services without specifying a provider.
+ *
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#provider provider(provider)} - registers a **service provider** with the
+ *     {@link auto.$injector $injector}
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#constant constant(obj)} - registers a value/object that can be accessed by
+ *     providers and services.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#value value(obj)} - registers a value/object that can only be accessed by
+ *     services, not providers.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#factory factory(fn)} - registers a service **factory function**, `fn`,
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will contain the
+ *     given factory function.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#service service(class)} - registers a **constructor function**, `class`
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will instantiate
+ *      a new object using the given constructor function.
+ *
+ * See the individual methods for more information and examples.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#provider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **provider function** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Provider functions
+ * are constructor functions, whose instances are responsible for "providing" a factory for a
+ * service.
+ *
+ * Service provider names start with the name of the service they provide followed by `Provider`.
+ * For example, the {@link ng.$log $log} service has a provider called
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider}.
+ *
+ * Service provider objects can have additional methods which allow configuration of the provider
+ * and its service. Importantly, you can configure what kind of service is created by the `$get`
+ * method, or how that service will act. For example, the {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider} has a
+ * method {@link ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled debugEnabled}
+ * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
+ * console or not.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
+                        'Provider'` key.
+ * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: then it should have a `$get` method. The `$get` method will be invoked using
+ *     {@link auto.$injector#invoke $injector.invoke()} when an instance needs to be created.
+ *   - `Constructor`: a new instance of the provider will be created using
+ *     {@link auto.$injector#instantiate $injector.instantiate()}, then treated as `object`.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+
+ * @example
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to create a simple event tracking service and register it using
+ * {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *  // Define the eventTracker provider
+ *  function EventTrackerProvider() {
+ *    var trackingUrl = '/track';
+ *
+ *    // A provider method for configuring where the tracked events should been saved
+ *    this.setTrackingUrl = function(url) {
+ *      trackingUrl = url;
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    // The service factory function
+ *    this.$get = ['$http', function($http) {
+ *      var trackedEvents = {};
+ *      return {
+ *        // Call this to track an event
+ *        event: function(event) {
+ *          var count = trackedEvents[event] || 0;
+ *          count += 1;
+ *          trackedEvents[event] = count;
+ *          return count;
+ *        },
+ *        // Call this to save the tracked events to the trackingUrl
+ *        save: function() {
+ *          $http.post(trackingUrl, trackedEvents);
+ *        }
+ *      };
+ *    }];
+ *  }
+ *
+ *  describe('eventTracker', function() {
+ *    var postSpy;
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
+ *      // Register the eventTracker provider
+ *      $provide.provider('eventTracker', EventTrackerProvider);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function(eventTrackerProvider) {
+ *      // Configure eventTracker provider
+ *      eventTrackerProvider.setTrackingUrl('/custom-track');
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('tracks events', inject(function(eventTracker) {
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(1);
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(2);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('saves to the tracking url', inject(function(eventTracker, $http) {
+ *      postSpy = spyOn($http, 'post');
+ *      eventTracker.event('login');
+ *      eventTracker.save();
+ *      expect(postSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).not.toEqual('/track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).toEqual('/custom-track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[1]).toEqual({ 'login': 1 });
+ *    }));
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#factory
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service factory**, which will be called to return the service instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider consists of only a `$get` property,
+ * which is the given service factory function.
+ * You should use {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory(getFn)} if you do not need to
+ * configure your service in a provider.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} $getFn The injectable $getFn for the instance creation.
+ *                      Internally this is a short hand for `$provide.provider(name, {$get: $getFn})`.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.factory('ping', ['$http', function($http) {
+ *     return function ping() {
+ *       return $http.send('/ping');
+ *     };
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * ```js
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping();
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#service
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service constructor**, which will be invoked with `new` to create the service
+ * instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider's `$get` property is the service
+ * constructor function that will be used to instantiate the service instance.
+ *
+ * You should use {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)} if you define your service
+ * as a type/class.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} constructor An injectable class (constructor function)
+ *     that will be instantiated.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service using
+ * {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)}.
+ * ```js
+ *   var Ping = function($http) {
+ *     this.$http = $http;
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   Ping.$inject = ['$http'];
+ *
+ *   Ping.prototype.send = function() {
+ *     return this.$http.get('/ping');
+ *   };
+ *   $provide.service('ping', Ping);
+ * ```
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * ```js
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping.send();
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#value
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **value service** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}, such as a string, a
+ * number, an array, an object or a function.  This is short for registering a service where its
+ * provider's `$get` property is a factory function that takes no arguments and returns the **value
+ * service**.
+ *
+ * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
+ * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
+ * an Angular
+ * {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {*} value The value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here are some examples of creating value services.
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.value('ADMIN_USER', 'admin');
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('RoleLookup', { admin: 0, writer: 1, reader: 2 });
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('halfOf', function(value) {
+ *     return value / 2;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#constant
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **constant service**, such as a string, a number, an array, an object or a function,
+ * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value} it can be
+ * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
+ * be overridden by an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
+ * @param {*} value The constant value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here a some examples of creating constants:
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.constant('SHARD_HEIGHT', 306);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('MY_COLOURS', ['red', 'blue', 'grey']);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('double', function(value) {
+ *     return value * 2;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#decorator
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service decorator** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. A service decorator
+ * intercepts the creation of a service, allowing it to override or modify the behaviour of the
+ * service. The object returned by the decorator may be the original service, or a new service
+ * object which replaces or wraps and delegates to the original service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} decorator This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
+ *    instantiated and should return the decorated service instance. The function is called using
+ *    the {@link auto.$injector#invoke injector.invoke} method and is therefore fully injectable.
+ *    Local injection arguments:
+ *
+ *    * `$delegate` - The original service instance, which can be monkey patched, configured,
+ *      decorated or delegated to.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here we decorate the {@link ng.$log $log} service to convert warnings to errors by intercepting
+ * calls to {@link ng.$log#error $log.warn()}.
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.decorator('$log', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
+ *     $delegate.warn = $delegate.error;
+ *     return $delegate;
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
+  strictDi = (strictDi === true);
+  var INSTANTIATING = {},
+      providerSuffix = 'Provider',
+      path = [],
+      loadedModules = new HashMap([], true),
+      providerCache = {
+        $provide: {
+            provider: supportObject(provider),
+            factory: supportObject(factory),
+            service: supportObject(service),
+            value: supportObject(value),
+            constant: supportObject(constant),
+            decorator: decorator
+          }
+      },
+      providerInjector = (providerCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(providerCache, function(serviceName, caller) {
+            if (angular.isString(caller)) {
+              path.push(caller);
+            }
+            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
+          })),
+      instanceCache = {},
+      instanceInjector = (instanceCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(instanceCache, function(serviceName, caller) {
+            var provider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix, caller);
+            return instanceInjector.invoke(provider.$get, provider, undefined, serviceName);
+          }));
+
+
+  forEach(loadModules(modulesToLoad), function(fn) { if (fn) instanceInjector.invoke(fn); });
+
+  return instanceInjector;
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // $provider
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function supportObject(delegate) {
+    return function(key, value) {
+      if (isObject(key)) {
+        forEach(key, reverseParams(delegate));
+      } else {
+        return delegate(key, value);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function provider(name, provider_) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'service');
+    if (isFunction(provider_) || isArray(provider_)) {
+      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
+    }
+    if (!provider_.$get) {
+      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
+    }
+    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
+  }
+
+  function enforceReturnValue(name, factory) {
+    return function enforcedReturnValue() {
+      var result = instanceInjector.invoke(factory, this);
+      if (isUndefined(result)) {
+        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', "Provider '{0}' must return a value from $get factory method.", name);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  function factory(name, factoryFn, enforce) {
+    return provider(name, {
+      $get: enforce !== false ? enforceReturnValue(name, factoryFn) : factoryFn
+    });
+  }
+
+  function service(name, constructor) {
+    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
+      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
+    }]);
+  }
+
+  function value(name, val) { return factory(name, valueFn(val), false); }
+
+  function constant(name, value) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'constant');
+    providerCache[name] = value;
+    instanceCache[name] = value;
+  }
+
+  function decorator(serviceName, decorFn) {
+    var origProvider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix),
+        orig$get = origProvider.$get;
+
+    origProvider.$get = function() {
+      var origInstance = instanceInjector.invoke(orig$get, origProvider);
+      return instanceInjector.invoke(decorFn, null, {$delegate: origInstance});
+    };
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // Module Loading
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  function loadModules(modulesToLoad) {
+    assertArg(isUndefined(modulesToLoad) || isArray(modulesToLoad), 'modulesToLoad', 'not an array');
+    var runBlocks = [], moduleFn;
+    forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
+      if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
+      loadedModules.put(module, true);
+
+      function runInvokeQueue(queue) {
+        var i, ii;
+        for (i = 0, ii = queue.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var invokeArgs = queue[i],
+              provider = providerInjector.get(invokeArgs[0]);
+
+          provider[invokeArgs[1]].apply(provider, invokeArgs[2]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        if (isString(module)) {
+          moduleFn = angularModule(module);
+          runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
+          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._invokeQueue);
+          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._configBlocks);
+        } else if (isFunction(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else if (isArray(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else {
+          assertArgFn(module, 'module');
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (isArray(module)) {
+          module = module[module.length - 1];
+        }
+        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
+          // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
+          // unlike those of Chrome and IE
+          // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
+          // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
+          /* jshint -W022 */
+          e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
+        }
+        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
+                  module, e.stack || e.message || e);
+      }
+    });
+    return runBlocks;
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // internal Injector
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function createInternalInjector(cache, factory) {
+
+    function getService(serviceName, caller) {
+      if (cache.hasOwnProperty(serviceName)) {
+        if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('cdep', 'Circular dependency found: {0}',
+                    serviceName + ' <- ' + path.join(' <- '));
+        }
+        return cache[serviceName];
+      } else {
+        try {
+          path.unshift(serviceName);
+          cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
+          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+            delete cache[serviceName];
+          }
+          throw err;
+        } finally {
+          path.shift();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
+      if (typeof locals === 'string') {
+        serviceName = locals;
+        locals = null;
+      }
+
+      var args = [],
+          $inject = createInjector.$$annotate(fn, strictDi, serviceName),
+          length, i,
+          key;
+
+      for (i = 0, length = $inject.length; i < length; i++) {
+        key = $inject[i];
+        if (typeof key !== 'string') {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('itkn',
+                  'Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}', key);
+        }
+        args.push(
+          locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key)
+          ? locals[key]
+          : getService(key, serviceName)
+        );
+      }
+      if (isArray(fn)) {
+        fn = fn[length];
+      }
+
+      // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-invoke-apply-vs-switch
+      // #5388
+      return fn.apply(self, args);
+    }
+
+    function instantiate(Type, locals, serviceName) {
+      // Check if Type is annotated and use just the given function at n-1 as parameter
+      // e.g. someModule.factory('greeter', ['$window', function(renamed$window) {}]);
+      // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
+      var instance = Object.create((isArray(Type) ? Type[Type.length - 1] : Type).prototype || null);
+      var returnedValue = invoke(Type, instance, locals, serviceName);
+
+      return isObject(returnedValue) || isFunction(returnedValue) ? returnedValue : instance;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      invoke: invoke,
+      instantiate: instantiate,
+      get: getService,
+      annotate: createInjector.$$annotate,
+      has: function(name) {
+        return providerCache.hasOwnProperty(name + providerSuffix) || cache.hasOwnProperty(name);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+createInjector.$$annotate = annotate;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $anchorScrollProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use `$anchorScrollProvider` to disable automatic scrolling whenever
+ * {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} changes.
+ */
+function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
+
+  var autoScrollingEnabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $anchorScrollProvider#disableAutoScrolling
+   *
+   * @description
+   * By default, {@link ng.$anchorScroll $anchorScroll()} will automatically detect changes to
+   * {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and scroll to the element matching the new hash.<br />
+   * Use this method to disable automatic scrolling.
+   *
+   * If automatic scrolling is disabled, one must explicitly call
+   * {@link ng.$anchorScroll $anchorScroll()} in order to scroll to the element related to the
+   * current hash.
+   */
+  this.disableAutoScrolling = function() {
+    autoScrollingEnabled = false;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $anchorScroll
+   * @kind function
+   * @requires $window
+   * @requires $location
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   *
+   * @description
+   * When called, it scrolls to the element related to the specified `hash` or (if omitted) to the
+   * current value of {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()}, according to the rules specified
+   * in the
+   * [HTML5 spec](http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#the-indicated-part-of-the-document).
+   *
+   * It also watches the {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and automatically scrolls to
+   * match any anchor whenever it changes. This can be disabled by calling
+   * {@link ng.$anchorScrollProvider#disableAutoScrolling $anchorScrollProvider.disableAutoScrolling()}.
+   *
+   * Additionally, you can use its {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset yOffset} property to specify a
+   * vertical scroll-offset (either fixed or dynamic).
+   *
+   * @param {string=} hash The hash specifying the element to scroll to. If omitted, the value of
+   *                       {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} will be used.
+   *
+   * @property {(number|function|jqLite)} yOffset
+   * If set, specifies a vertical scroll-offset. This is often useful when there are fixed
+   * positioned elements at the top of the page, such as navbars, headers etc.
+   *
+   * `yOffset` can be specified in various ways:
+   * - **number**: A fixed number of pixels to be used as offset.<br /><br />
+   * - **function**: A getter function called everytime `$anchorScroll()` is executed. Must return
+   *   a number representing the offset (in pixels).<br /><br />
+   * - **jqLite**: A jqLite/jQuery element to be used for specifying the offset. The distance from
+   *   the top of the page to the element's bottom will be used as offset.<br />
+   *   **Note**: The element will be taken into account only as long as its `position` is set to
+   *   `fixed`. This option is useful, when dealing with responsive navbars/headers that adjust
+   *   their height and/or positioning according to the viewport's size.
+   *
+   * <br />
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * In order for `yOffset` to work properly, scrolling should take place on the document's root and
+   * not some child element.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @example
+     <example module="anchorScrollExample">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollController">
+           <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
+           <a id="bottom"></a> You're at the bottom!
+         </div>
+       </file>
+       <file name="script.js">
+         angular.module('anchorScrollExample', [])
+           .controller('ScrollController', ['$scope', '$location', '$anchorScroll',
+             function ($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
+               $scope.gotoBottom = function() {
+                 // set the location.hash to the id of
+                 // the element you wish to scroll to.
+                 $location.hash('bottom');
+
+                 // call $anchorScroll()
+                 $anchorScroll();
+               };
+             }]);
+       </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+         #scrollArea {
+           height: 280px;
+           overflow: auto;
+         }
+
+         #bottom {
+           display: block;
+           margin-top: 2000px;
+         }
+       </file>
+     </example>
+   *
+   * <hr />
+   * The example below illustrates the use of a vertical scroll-offset (specified as a fixed value).
+   * See {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset $anchorScroll.yOffset} for more details.
+   *
+   * @example
+     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <div class="fixed-header" ng-controller="headerCtrl">
+           <a href="" ng-click="gotoAnchor(x)" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
+             Go to anchor {{x}}
+           </a>
+         </div>
+         <div id="anchor{{x}}" class="anchor" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
+           Anchor {{x}} of 5
+         </div>
+       </file>
+       <file name="script.js">
+         angular.module('anchorScrollOffsetExample', [])
+           .run(['$anchorScroll', function($anchorScroll) {
+             $anchorScroll.yOffset = 50;   // always scroll by 50 extra pixels
+           }])
+           .controller('headerCtrl', ['$anchorScroll', '$location', '$scope',
+             function ($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
+               $scope.gotoAnchor = function(x) {
+                 var newHash = 'anchor' + x;
+                 if ($location.hash() !== newHash) {
+                   // set the $location.hash to `newHash` and
+                   // $anchorScroll will automatically scroll to it
+                   $location.hash('anchor' + x);
+                 } else {
+                   // call $anchorScroll() explicitly,
+                   // since $location.hash hasn't changed
+                   $anchorScroll();
+                 }
+               };
+             }
+           ]);
+       </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+         body {
+           padding-top: 50px;
+         }
+
+         .anchor {
+           border: 2px dashed DarkOrchid;
+           padding: 10px 10px 200px 10px;
+         }
+
+         .fixed-header {
+           background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+           height: 50px;
+           position: fixed;
+           top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
+         }
+
+         .fixed-header > a {
+           display: inline-block;
+           margin: 5px 15px;
+         }
+       </file>
+     </example>
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$location', '$rootScope', function($window, $location, $rootScope) {
+    var document = $window.document;
+
+    // Helper function to get first anchor from a NodeList
+    // (using `Array#some()` instead of `angular#forEach()` since it's more performant
+    //  and working in all supported browsers.)
+    function getFirstAnchor(list) {
+      var result = null;
+      Array.prototype.some.call(list, function(element) {
+        if (nodeName_(element) === 'a') {
+          result = element;
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    function getYOffset() {
+
+      var offset = scroll.yOffset;
+
+      if (isFunction(offset)) {
+        offset = offset();
+      } else if (isElement(offset)) {
+        var elem = offset[0];
+        var style = $window.getComputedStyle(elem);
+        if (style.position !== 'fixed') {
+          offset = 0;
+        } else {
+          offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
+        }
+      } else if (!isNumber(offset)) {
+        offset = 0;
+      }
+
+      return offset;
+    }
+
+    function scrollTo(elem) {
+      if (elem) {
+        elem.scrollIntoView();
+
+        var offset = getYOffset();
+
+        if (offset) {
+          // `offset` is the number of pixels we should scroll UP in order to align `elem` properly.
+          // This is true ONLY if the call to `elem.scrollIntoView()` initially aligns `elem` at the
+          // top of the viewport.
+          //
+          // IF the number of pixels from the top of `elem` to the end of the page's content is less
+          // than the height of the viewport, then `elem.scrollIntoView()` will align the `elem` some
+          // way down the page.
+          //
+          // This is often the case for elements near the bottom of the page.
+          //
+          // In such cases we do not need to scroll the whole `offset` up, just the difference between
+          // the top of the element and the offset, which is enough to align the top of `elem` at the
+          // desired position.
+          var elemTop = elem.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+          $window.scrollBy(0, elemTop - offset);
+        }
+      } else {
+        $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function scroll(hash) {
+      hash = isString(hash) ? hash : $location.hash();
+      var elm;
+
+      // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
+      if (!hash) scrollTo(null);
+
+      // element with given id
+      else if ((elm = document.getElementById(hash))) scrollTo(elm);
+
+      // first anchor with given name :-D
+      else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) scrollTo(elm);
+
+      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
+      else if (hash === 'top') scrollTo(null);
+    }
+
+    // does not scroll when user clicks on anchor link that is currently on
+    // (no url change, no $location.hash() change), browser native does scroll
+    if (autoScrollingEnabled) {
+      $rootScope.$watch(function autoScrollWatch() {return $location.hash();},
+        function autoScrollWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+          // skip the initial scroll if $location.hash is empty
+          if (newVal === oldVal && newVal === '') return;
+
+          jqLiteDocumentLoaded(function() {
+            $rootScope.$evalAsync(scroll);
+          });
+        });
+    }
+
+    return scroll;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $animateMinErr = minErr('$animate');
+var ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+var NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME = 'ng-animate';
+
+function mergeClasses(a,b) {
+  if (!a && !b) return '';
+  if (!a) return b;
+  if (!b) return a;
+  if (isArray(a)) a = a.join(' ');
+  if (isArray(b)) b = b.join(' ');
+  return a + ' ' + b;
+}
+
+function extractElementNode(element) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) {
+    var elm = element[i];
+    if (elm.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
+      return elm;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function splitClasses(classes) {
+  if (isString(classes)) {
+    classes = classes.split(' ');
+  }
+
+  // Use createMap() to prevent class assumptions involving property names in
+  // Object.prototype
+  var obj = createMap();
+  forEach(classes, function(klass) {
+    // sometimes the split leaves empty string values
+    // incase extra spaces were applied to the options
+    if (klass.length) {
+      obj[klass] = true;
+    }
+  });
+  return obj;
+}
+
+// if any other type of options value besides an Object value is
+// passed into the $animate.method() animation then this helper code
+// will be run which will ignore it. While this patch is not the
+// greatest solution to this, a lot of existing plugins depend on
+// $animate to either call the callback (< 1.2) or return a promise
+// that can be changed. This helper function ensures that the options
+// are wiped clean incase a callback function is provided.
+function prepareAnimateOptions(options) {
+  return isObject(options)
+      ? options
+      : {};
+}
+
+var $$CoreAnimateRunnerProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = ['$q', '$$rAF', function($q, $$rAF) {
+    function AnimateRunner() {}
+    AnimateRunner.all = noop;
+    AnimateRunner.chain = noop;
+    AnimateRunner.prototype = {
+      end: noop,
+      cancel: noop,
+      resume: noop,
+      pause: noop,
+      complete: noop,
+      then: function(pass, fail) {
+        return $q(function(resolve) {
+          $$rAF(function() {
+            resolve();
+          });
+        }).then(pass, fail);
+      }
+    };
+    return AnimateRunner;
+  }];
+};
+
+// this is prefixed with Core since it conflicts with
+// the animateQueueProvider defined in ngAnimate/animateQueue.js
+var $$CoreAnimateQueueProvider = function() {
+  var postDigestQueue = new HashMap();
+  var postDigestElements = [];
+
+  this.$get = ['$$AnimateRunner', '$rootScope',
+       function($$AnimateRunner,   $rootScope) {
+    return {
+      enabled: noop,
+      on: noop,
+      off: noop,
+      pin: noop,
+
+      push: function(element, event, options, domOperation) {
+        domOperation        && domOperation();
+
+        options = options || {};
+        options.from        && element.css(options.from);
+        options.to          && element.css(options.to);
+
+        if (options.addClass || options.removeClass) {
+          addRemoveClassesPostDigest(element, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
+        }
+
+        return new $$AnimateRunner(); // jshint ignore:line
+      }
+    };
+
+
+    function updateData(data, classes, value) {
+      var changed = false;
+      if (classes) {
+        classes = isString(classes) ? classes.split(' ') :
+                  isArray(classes) ? classes : [];
+        forEach(classes, function(className) {
+          if (className) {
+            changed = true;
+            data[className] = value;
+          }
+        });
+      }
+      return changed;
+    }
+
+    function handleCSSClassChanges() {
+      forEach(postDigestElements, function(element) {
+        var data = postDigestQueue.get(element);
+        if (data) {
+          var existing = splitClasses(element.attr('class'));
+          var toAdd = '';
+          var toRemove = '';
+          forEach(data, function(status, className) {
+            var hasClass = !!existing[className];
+            if (status !== hasClass) {
+              if (status) {
+                toAdd += (toAdd.length ? ' ' : '') + className;
+              } else {
+                toRemove += (toRemove.length ? ' ' : '') + className;
+              }
+            }
+          });
+
+          forEach(element, function(elm) {
+            toAdd    && jqLiteAddClass(elm, toAdd);
+            toRemove && jqLiteRemoveClass(elm, toRemove);
+          });
+          postDigestQueue.remove(element);
+        }
+      });
+      postDigestElements.length = 0;
+    }
+
+
+    function addRemoveClassesPostDigest(element, add, remove) {
+      var data = postDigestQueue.get(element) || {};
+
+      var classesAdded = updateData(data, add, true);
+      var classesRemoved = updateData(data, remove, false);
+
+      if (classesAdded || classesRemoved) {
+
+        postDigestQueue.put(element, data);
+        postDigestElements.push(element);
+
+        if (postDigestElements.length === 1) {
+          $rootScope.$$postDigest(handleCSSClassChanges);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }];
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $animateProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Default implementation of $animate that doesn't perform any animations, instead just
+ * synchronously performs DOM updates and resolves the returned runner promise.
+ *
+ * In order to enable animations the `ngAnimate` module has to be loaded.
+ *
+ * To see the functional implementation check out `src/ngAnimate/animate.js`.
+ */
+var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
+  var provider = this;
+
+  this.$$registeredAnimations = Object.create(null);
+
+   /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#register
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a new injectable animation factory function. The factory function produces the
+   * animation object which contains callback functions for each event that is expected to be
+   * animated.
+   *
+   *   * `eventFn`: `function(element, ... , doneFunction, options)`
+   *   The element to animate, the `doneFunction` and the options fed into the animation. Depending
+   *   on the type of animation additional arguments will be injected into the animation function. The
+   *   list below explains the function signatures for the different animation methods:
+   *
+   *   - setClass: function(element, addedClasses, removedClasses, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - addClass: function(element, addedClasses, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - removeClass: function(element, removedClasses, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - enter, leave, move: function(element, doneFunction, options)
+   *   - animate: function(element, fromStyles, toStyles, doneFunction, options)
+   *
+   *   Make sure to trigger the `doneFunction` once the animation is fully complete.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   return {
+   *     //enter, leave, move signature
+   *     eventFn : function(element, done, options) {
+   *       //code to run the animation
+   *       //once complete, then run done()
+   *       return function endFunction(wasCancelled) {
+   *         //code to cancel the animation
+   *       }
+   *     }
+   *   }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string} name The name of the animation (this is what the class-based CSS value will be compared to).
+   * @param {Function} factory The factory function that will be executed to return the animation
+   *                           object.
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, factory) {
+    if (name && name.charAt(0) !== '.') {
+      throw $animateMinErr('notcsel', "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
+    }
+
+    var key = name + '-animation';
+    provider.$$registeredAnimations[name.substr(1)] = key;
+    $provide.factory(key, factory);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets and/or returns the CSS class regular expression that is checked when performing
+   * an animation. Upon bootstrap the classNameFilter value is not set at all and will
+   * therefore enable $animate to attempt to perform an animation on any element that is triggered.
+   * When setting the `classNameFilter` value, animations will only be performed on elements
+   * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
+   * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
+   * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
+   */
+  this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      this.$$classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
+      if (this.$$classNameFilter) {
+        var reservedRegex = new RegExp("(\\s+|\\/)" + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME + "(\\s+|\\/)");
+        if (reservedRegex.test(this.$$classNameFilter.toString())) {
+          throw $animateMinErr('nongcls','$animateProvider.classNameFilter(regex) prohibits accepting a regex value which matches/contains the "{0}" CSS class.', NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME);
+
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.$$classNameFilter;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$$animateQueue', function($$animateQueue) {
+    function domInsert(element, parentElement, afterElement) {
+      // if for some reason the previous element was removed
+      // from the dom sometime before this code runs then let's
+      // just stick to using the parent element as the anchor
+      if (afterElement) {
+        var afterNode = extractElementNode(afterElement);
+        if (afterNode && !afterNode.parentNode && !afterNode.previousElementSibling) {
+          afterElement = null;
+        }
+      }
+      afterElement ? afterElement.after(element) : parentElement.prepend(element);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $animate
+     * @description The $animate service exposes a series of DOM utility methods that provide support
+     * for animation hooks. The default behavior is the application of DOM operations, however,
+     * when an animation is detected (and animations are enabled), $animate will do the heavy lifting
+     * to ensure that animation runs with the triggered DOM operation.
+     *
+     * By default $animate doesn't trigger an animations. This is because the `ngAnimate` module isn't
+     * included and only when it is active then the animation hooks that `$animate` triggers will be
+     * functional. Once active then all structural `ng-` directives will trigger animations as they perform
+     * their DOM-related operations (enter, leave and move). Other directives such as `ngClass`,
+     * `ngShow`, `ngHide` and `ngMessages` also provide support for animations.
+     *
+     * It is recommended that the`$animate` service is always used when executing DOM-related procedures within directives.
+     *
+     * To learn more about enabling animation support, click here to visit the
+     * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module page}.
+     */
+    return {
+      // we don't call it directly since non-existant arguments may
+      // be interpreted as null within the sub enabled function
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#on
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Sets up an event listener to fire whenever the animation event (enter, leave, move, etc...)
+       *    has fired on the given element or among any of its children. Once the listener is fired, the provided callback
+       *    is fired with the following params:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * $animate.on('enter', container,
+       *    function callback(element, phase) {
+       *      // cool we detected an enter animation within the container
+       *    }
+       * );
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {string} event the animation event that will be captured (e.g. enter, leave, move, addClass, removeClass, etc...)
+       * @param {DOMElement} container the container element that will capture each of the animation events that are fired on itself
+       *     as well as among its children
+       * @param {Function} callback the callback function that will be fired when the listener is triggered
+       *
+       * The arguments present in the callback function are:
+       * * `element` - The captured DOM element that the animation was fired on.
+       * * `phase` - The phase of the animation. The two possible phases are **start** (when the animation starts) and **close** (when it ends).
+       */
+      on: $$animateQueue.on,
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#off
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Deregisters an event listener based on the event which has been associated with the provided element. This method
+       * can be used in three different ways depending on the arguments:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * // remove all the animation event listeners listening for `enter`
+       * $animate.off('enter');
+       *
+       * // remove all the animation event listeners listening for `enter` on the given element and its children
+       * $animate.off('enter', container);
+       *
+       * // remove the event listener function provided by `listenerFn` that is set
+       * // to listen for `enter` on the given `element` as well as its children
+       * $animate.off('enter', container, callback);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {string} event the animation event (e.g. enter, leave, move, addClass, removeClass, etc...)
+       * @param {DOMElement=} container the container element the event listener was placed on
+       * @param {Function=} callback the callback function that was registered as the listener
+       */
+      off: $$animateQueue.off,
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#pin
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Associates the provided element with a host parent element to allow the element to be animated even if it exists
+       *    outside of the DOM structure of the Angular application. By doing so, any animation triggered via `$animate` can be issued on the
+       *    element despite being outside the realm of the application or within another application. Say for example if the application
+       *    was bootstrapped on an element that is somewhere inside of the `<body>` tag, but we wanted to allow for an element to be situated
+       *    as a direct child of `document.body`, then this can be achieved by pinning the element via `$animate.pin(element)`. Keep in mind
+       *    that calling `$animate.pin(element, parentElement)` will not actually insert into the DOM anywhere; it will just create the association.
+       *
+       *    Note that this feature is only active when the `ngAnimate` module is used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the external element that will be pinned
+       * @param {DOMElement} parentElement the host parent element that will be associated with the external element
+       */
+      pin: $$animateQueue.pin,
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#enabled
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Used to get and set whether animations are enabled or not on the entire application or on an element and its children. This
+       * function can be called in four ways:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * // returns true or false
+       * $animate.enabled();
+       *
+       * // changes the enabled state for all animations
+       * $animate.enabled(false);
+       * $animate.enabled(true);
+       *
+       * // returns true or false if animations are enabled for an element
+       * $animate.enabled(element);
+       *
+       * // changes the enabled state for an element and its children
+       * $animate.enabled(element, true);
+       * $animate.enabled(element, false);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement=} element the element that will be considered for checking/setting the enabled state
+       * @param {boolean=} enabled whether or not the animations will be enabled for the element
+       *
+       * @return {boolean} whether or not animations are enabled
+       */
+      enabled: $$animateQueue.enabled,
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#cancel
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Cancels the provided animation.
+       *
+       * @param {Promise} animationPromise The animation promise that is returned when an animation is started.
+       */
+      cancel: function(runner) {
+        runner.end && runner.end();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#enter
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Inserts the element into the DOM either after the `after` element (if provided) or
+       *   as the first child within the `parent` element and then triggers an animation.
+       *   A promise is returned that will be resolved during the next digest once the animation
+       *   has completed.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be inserted into the DOM
+       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
+       *   a child (so long as the after element is not present)
+       * @param {DOMElement=} after the sibling element after which the element will be appended
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      enter: function(element, parent, after, options) {
+        parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
+        after = after && jqLite(after);
+        parent = parent || after.parent();
+        domInsert(element, parent, after);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'enter', prepareAnimateOptions(options));
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#move
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Inserts (moves) the element into its new position in the DOM either after
+       *   the `after` element (if provided) or as the first child within the `parent` element
+       *   and then triggers an animation. A promise is returned that will be resolved
+       *   during the next digest once the animation has completed.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be moved into the new DOM position
+       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
+       *   a child (so long as the after element is not present)
+       * @param {DOMElement=} after the sibling element after which the element will be appended
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      move: function(element, parent, after, options) {
+        parent = parent && jqLite(parent);
+        after = after && jqLite(after);
+        parent = parent || after.parent();
+        domInsert(element, parent, after);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'move', prepareAnimateOptions(options));
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#leave
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Triggers an animation and then removes the element from the DOM.
+       * When the function is called a promise is returned that will be resolved during the next
+       * digest once the animation has completed.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      leave: function(element, options) {
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'leave', prepareAnimateOptions(options), function() {
+          element.remove();
+        });
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#addClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Triggers an addClass animation surrounding the addition of the provided CSS class(es). Upon
+       *   execution, the addClass operation will only be handled after the next digest and it will not trigger an
+       *   animation if element already contains the CSS class or if the class is removed at a later step.
+       *   Note that class-based animations are treated differently compared to structural animations
+       *   (like enter, move and leave) since the CSS classes may be added/removed at different points
+       *   depending if CSS or JavaScript animations are used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class(es) that will be added (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      addClass: function(element, className, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.addClass = mergeClasses(options.addclass, className);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'addClass', options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#removeClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Triggers a removeClass animation surrounding the removal of the provided CSS class(es). Upon
+       *   execution, the removeClass operation will only be handled after the next digest and it will not trigger an
+       *   animation if element does not contain the CSS class or if the class is added at a later step.
+       *   Note that class-based animations are treated differently compared to structural animations
+       *   (like enter, move and leave) since the CSS classes may be added/removed at different points
+       *   depending if CSS or JavaScript animations are used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class(es) that will be removed (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      removeClass: function(element, className, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.removeClass = mergeClasses(options.removeClass, className);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'removeClass', options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#setClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Performs both the addition and removal of a CSS classes on an element and (during the process)
+       *    triggers an animation surrounding the class addition/removal. Much like `$animate.addClass` and
+       *    `$animate.removeClass`, `setClass` will only evaluate the classes being added/removed once a digest has
+       *    passed. Note that class-based animations are treated differently compared to structural animations
+       *    (like enter, move and leave) since the CSS classes may be added/removed at different points
+       *    depending if CSS or JavaScript animations are used.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS classes will be applied to
+       * @param {string} add the CSS class(es) that will be added (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {string} remove the CSS class(es) that will be removed (multiple classes are separated via spaces)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      setClass: function(element, add, remove, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.addClass = mergeClasses(options.addClass, add);
+        options.removeClass = mergeClasses(options.removeClass, remove);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'setClass', options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#animate
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description Performs an inline animation on the element which applies the provided to and from CSS styles to the element.
+       * If any detected CSS transition, keyframe or JavaScript matches the provided className value then the animation will take
+       * on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given className then the provided from and
+       * to styles will be applied alongside the given transition. If a JavaScript animation is detected then the provided styles
+       * will be given in as function paramters into the `animate` method (or as apart of the `options` parameter).
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which the CSS styles will be applied to
+       * @param {object} from the from (starting) CSS styles that will be applied to the element and across the animation.
+       * @param {object} to the to (destination) CSS styles that will be applied to the element and across the animation.
+       * @param {string=} className an optional CSS class that will be applied to the element for the duration of the animation. If
+       *    this value is left as empty then a CSS class of `ng-inline-animate` will be applied to the element.
+       *    (Note that if no animation is detected then this value will not be appplied to the element.)
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options/styles that will be applied to the element
+       *
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      animate: function(element, from, to, className, options) {
+        options = prepareAnimateOptions(options);
+        options.from = options.from ? extend(options.from, from) : from;
+        options.to   = options.to   ? extend(options.to, to)     : to;
+
+        className = className || 'ng-inline-animate';
+        options.tempClasses = mergeClasses(options.tempClasses, className);
+        return $$animateQueue.push(element, 'animate', options);
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $animateCss
+ * @kind object
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is the core version of `$animateCss`. By default, only when the `ngAnimate` is included,
+ * then the `$animateCss` service will actually perform animations.
+ *
+ * Click here {@link ngAnimate.$animateCss to read the documentation for $animateCss}.
+ */
+var $CoreAnimateCssProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$q', function($$rAF, $q) {
+
+    var RAFPromise = function() {};
+    RAFPromise.prototype = {
+      done: function(cancel) {
+        this.defer && this.defer[cancel === true ? 'reject' : 'resolve']();
+      },
+      end: function() {
+        this.done();
+      },
+      cancel: function() {
+        this.done(true);
+      },
+      getPromise: function() {
+        if (!this.defer) {
+          this.defer = $q.defer();
+        }
+        return this.defer.promise;
+      },
+      then: function(f1,f2) {
+        return this.getPromise().then(f1,f2);
+      },
+      'catch': function(f1) {
+        return this.getPromise()['catch'](f1);
+      },
+      'finally': function(f1) {
+        return this.getPromise()['finally'](f1);
+      }
+    };
+
+    return function(element, options) {
+      // there is no point in applying the styles since
+      // there is no animation that goes on at all in
+      // this version of $animateCss.
+      if (options.cleanupStyles) {
+        options.from = options.to = null;
+      }
+
+      if (options.from) {
+        element.css(options.from);
+        options.from = null;
+      }
+
+      var closed, runner = new RAFPromise();
+      return {
+        start: run,
+        end: run
+      };
+
+      function run() {
+        $$rAF(function() {
+          close();
+          if (!closed) {
+            runner.done();
+          }
+          closed = true;
+        });
+        return runner;
+      }
+
+      function close() {
+        if (options.addClass) {
+          element.addClass(options.addClass);
+          options.addClass = null;
+        }
+        if (options.removeClass) {
+          element.removeClass(options.removeClass);
+          options.removeClass = null;
+        }
+        if (options.to) {
+          element.css(options.to);
+          options.to = null;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+};
+
+/* global stripHash: true */
+
+/**
+ * ! This is a private undocumented service !
+ *
+ * @name $browser
+ * @requires $log
+ * @description
+ * This object has two goals:
+ *
+ * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
+ * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
+ *
+ * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
+ * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
+ * the real browser apis.
+ */
+/**
+ * @param {object} window The global window object.
+ * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
+ * @param {object} $log window.console or an object with the same interface.
+ * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
+ */
+function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
+  var self = this,
+      rawDocument = document[0],
+      location = window.location,
+      history = window.history,
+      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
+      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+      pendingDeferIds = {};
+
+  self.isMock = false;
+
+  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
+  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];
+
+  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
+  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
+  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };
+
+  /**
+   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
+   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
+   */
+  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
+    try {
+      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
+    } finally {
+      outstandingRequestCount--;
+      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
+        while (outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
+          try {
+            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $log.error(e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function getHash(url) {
+    var index = url.indexOf('#');
+    return index === -1 ? '' : url.substr(index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
+   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
+   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
+   */
+  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
+    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
+      callback();
+    } else {
+      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
+    }
+  };
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // URL API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  var cachedState, lastHistoryState,
+      lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
+      baseElement = document.find('base'),
+      pendingLocation = null;
+
+  cacheState();
+  lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * GETTER:
+   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
+   *
+   * SETTER:
+   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
+   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
+   * location.href/location.replace is used.
+   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
+   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record?
+   * @param {object=} state object to use with pushState/replaceState
+   */
+  self.url = function(url, replace, state) {
+    // In modern browsers `history.state` is `null` by default; treating it separately
+    // from `undefined` would cause `$browser.url('/foo')` to change `history.state`
+    // to undefined via `pushState`. Instead, let's change `undefined` to `null` here.
+    if (isUndefined(state)) {
+      state = null;
+    }
+
+    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
+    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
+    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;
+
+    // setter
+    if (url) {
+      var sameState = lastHistoryState === state;
+
+      // Don't change anything if previous and current URLs and states match. This also prevents
+      // IE<10 from getting into redirect loop when in LocationHashbangInHtml5Url mode.
+      // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/commit/ffb2701
+      if (lastBrowserUrl === url && (!$sniffer.history || sameState)) {
+        return self;
+      }
+      var sameBase = lastBrowserUrl && stripHash(lastBrowserUrl) === stripHash(url);
+      lastBrowserUrl = url;
+      lastHistoryState = state;
+      // Don't use history API if only the hash changed
+      // due to a bug in IE10/IE11 which leads
+      // to not firing a `hashchange` nor `popstate` event
+      // in some cases (see #9143).
+      if ($sniffer.history && (!sameBase || !sameState)) {
+        history[replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState'](state, '', url);
+        cacheState();
+        // Do the assignment again so that those two variables are referentially identical.
+        lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+      } else {
+        if (!sameBase || pendingLocation) {
+          pendingLocation = url;
+        }
+        if (replace) {
+          location.replace(url);
+        } else if (!sameBase) {
+          location.href = url;
+        } else {
+          location.hash = getHash(url);
+        }
+        if (location.href !== url) {
+          pendingLocation = url;
+        }
+      }
+      return self;
+    // getter
+    } else {
+      // - pendingLocation is needed as browsers don't allow to read out
+      //   the new location.href if a reload happened or if there is a bug like in iOS 9 (see
+      //   https://openradar.appspot.com/22186109).
+      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
+      return pendingLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is a getter.
+   *
+   * Return history.state or null if history.state is undefined.
+   *
+   * @returns {object} state
+   */
+  self.state = function() {
+    return cachedState;
+  };
+
+  var urlChangeListeners = [],
+      urlChangeInit = false;
+
+  function cacheStateAndFireUrlChange() {
+    pendingLocation = null;
+    cacheState();
+    fireUrlChange();
+  }
+
+  function getCurrentState() {
+    try {
+      return history.state;
+    } catch (e) {
+      // MSIE can reportedly throw when there is no state (UNCONFIRMED).
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This variable should be used *only* inside the cacheState function.
+  var lastCachedState = null;
+  function cacheState() {
+    // This should be the only place in $browser where `history.state` is read.
+    cachedState = getCurrentState();
+    cachedState = isUndefined(cachedState) ? null : cachedState;
+
+    // Prevent callbacks fo fire twice if both hashchange & popstate were fired.
+    if (equals(cachedState, lastCachedState)) {
+      cachedState = lastCachedState;
+    }
+    lastCachedState = cachedState;
+  }
+
+  function fireUrlChange() {
+    if (lastBrowserUrl === self.url() && lastHistoryState === cachedState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
+    lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      listener(self.url(), cachedState);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
+   *
+   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of angular:
+   * - user types different url into address bar
+   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
+   * - user clicks on a link
+   *
+   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
+   *
+   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
+   *
+   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
+   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
+   */
+  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
+    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
+    if (!urlChangeInit) {
+      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
+      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
+      // changed by push/replaceState
+
+      // html5 history api - popstate event
+      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+      // hashchange event
+      jqLite(window).on('hashchange', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+
+      urlChangeInit = true;
+    }
+
+    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
+    return callback;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Remove popstate and hashchange handler from window.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by $rootScope.
+   */
+  self.$$applicationDestroyed = function() {
+    jqLite(window).off('hashchange popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether the url has changed outside of Angular.
+   * Needs to be exported to be able to check for changes that have been done in sync,
+   * as hashchange/popstate events fire in async.
+   */
+  self.$$checkUrlChange = fireUrlChange;
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Misc API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#baseHref
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns current <base href>
+   * (always relative - without domain)
+   *
+   * @returns {string} The current base href
+   */
+  self.baseHref = function() {
+    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
+    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?\:)?\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer
+   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
+   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
+   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
+   *
+   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
+   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
+   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
+   *
+   */
+  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
+    var timeoutId;
+    outstandingRequestCount++;
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
+      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
+    }, delay || 0);
+    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
+    return timeoutId;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
+   *
+   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+   *                    canceled.
+   */
+  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
+    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
+      clearTimeout(deferId);
+      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+}
+
+function $BrowserProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
+      function($window, $log, $sniffer, $document) {
+        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
+      }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $cacheFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
+ * them.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *
+ *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
+ *
+ *  cache.put("key", "value");
+ *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
+ *
+ *  // We've specified no options on creation
+ *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
+ *
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
+ * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
+ *
+ *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
+ *
+ * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
+ *
+ * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
+ * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
+ *   it.
+ * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
+ * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
+ * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
+ * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="cacheExampleApp">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
+         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
+         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
+         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>
+
+         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
+         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
+           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
+           <span>: </span>
+           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
+         </div>
+
+         <p>Cache Info</p>
+         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
+           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
+           <span>: </span>
+           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
+         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
+           $scope.keys = [];
+           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
+             if (angular.isUndefined($scope.cache.get(key))) {
+               $scope.keys.push(key);
+             }
+             $scope.cache.put(key, angular.isUndefined(value) ? null : value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       p {
+         margin: 10px 0 3px;
+       }
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $CacheFactoryProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    var caches = {};
+
+    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
+      if (cacheId in caches) {
+        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
+      }
+
+      var size = 0,
+          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
+          data = {},
+          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          lruHash = {},
+          freshEnd = null,
+          staleEnd = null;
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc type
+       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
+       * {@link $http $http} and the {@link ng.directive:script script} directive to cache
+       * templates and other data.
+       *
+       * ```js
+       *  angular.module('superCache')
+       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
+       *    }]);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Example test:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
+       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
+       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
+       *
+       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
+       *      id: 'super-cache',
+       *      size: 2
+       *    });
+       *
+       *    superCache.remove('another key');
+       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
+       *
+       *    superCache.removeAll();
+       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
+       *      id: 'super-cache',
+       *      size: 0
+       *    });
+       *  }));
+       * ```
+       */
+      return caches[cacheId] = {
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
+         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
+         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
+         * entries from the set.
+         *
+         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
+         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
+         *    will not be stored.
+         * @returns {*} the value stored.
+         */
+        put: function(key, value) {
+          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});
+
+            refresh(lruEntry);
+          }
+
+          if (!(key in data)) size++;
+          data[key] = value;
+
+          if (size > capacity) {
+            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
+          }
+
+          return value;
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
+         * @returns {*} the value stored.
+         */
+        get: function(key) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+            if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+            refresh(lruEntry);
+          }
+
+          return data[key];
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
+         */
+        remove: function(key) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+            if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+            if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
+            if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
+            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);
+
+            delete lruHash[key];
+          }
+
+          delete data[key];
+          size--;
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
+         */
+        removeAll: function() {
+          data = {};
+          size = 0;
+          lruHash = {};
+          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
+         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
+         */
+        destroy: function() {
+          data = null;
+          stats = null;
+          lruHash = null;
+          delete caches[cacheId];
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
+         *
+         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
+         *   <ul>
+         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
+         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
+         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
+         *       cache.</li>
+         *   </ul>
+         */
+        info: function() {
+          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      /**
+       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function refresh(entry) {
+        if (entry != freshEnd) {
+          if (!staleEnd) {
+            staleEnd = entry;
+          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
+            staleEnd = entry.n;
+          }
+
+          link(entry.n, entry.p);
+          link(entry, freshEnd);
+          freshEnd = entry;
+          freshEnd.n = null;
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
+        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
+          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
+          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $cacheFactory#info
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
+   */
+    cacheFactory.info = function() {
+      var info = {};
+      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
+        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
+      });
+      return info;
+    };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $cacheFactory#get
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
+   *
+   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
+   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
+   */
+    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
+      return caches[cacheId];
+    };
+
+
+    return cacheFactory;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $templateCache
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
+ * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
+ * `$templateCache` service directly.
+ *
+ * Adding via the `script` tag:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
+ *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
+ *   </script>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
+ * the document, but it must be a descendent of the {@link ng.$rootElement $rootElement} (IE,
+ * element with ng-app attribute), otherwise the template will be ignored.
+ *
+ * Adding via the `$templateCache` service:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
+ * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
+ *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * or get it via Javascript:
+ * ```js
+ * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
+ * ```
+ *
+ * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
+ *
+ */
+function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+    return $cacheFactory('templates');
+  }];
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
+ *
+ * DOM-related variables:
+ *
+ * - "node" - DOM Node
+ * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
+ * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
+ *
+ *
+ * Compiler related stuff:
+ *
+ * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
+ * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
+ * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
+ * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $compile
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
+ * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
+ *
+ * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
+ * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
+ * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
+ * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ## Comprehensive Directive API
+ *
+ * There are many different options for a directive.
+ *
+ * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
+ * You can either return a "Directive Definition Object" (see below) that defines the directive properties,
+ * or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have the default values).
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       priority: 0,
+ *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       // or
+ *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       transclude: false,
+ *       restrict: 'A',
+ *       templateNamespace: 'html',
+ *       scope: false,
+ *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
+ *       controllerAs: 'stringIdentifier',
+ *       bindToController: false,
+ *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
+ *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
+ *         return {
+ *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *         }
+ *         // or
+ *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *       },
+ *       // or
+ *       // link: {
+ *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *       // }
+ *       // or
+ *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *     // or
+ *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Directive Definition Object
+ *
+ * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
+ * compiler}. The attributes are:
+ *
+ * #### `multiElement`
+ * When this property is set to true, the HTML compiler will collect DOM nodes between
+ * nodes with the attributes `directive-name-start` and `directive-name-end`, and group them
+ * together as the directive elements. It is recommended that this feature be used on directives
+ * which are not strictly behavioural (such as {@link ngClick}), and which
+ * do not manipulate or replace child nodes (such as {@link ngInclude}).
+ *
+ * #### `priority`
+ * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
+ * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
+ * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
+ * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
+ * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
+ * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
+ *
+ * #### `terminal`
+ * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
+ * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
+ * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined). Note that expressions
+ * and other directives used in the directive's template will also be excluded from execution.
+ *
+ * #### `scope`
+ * The scope property can be `true`, an object or a falsy value:
+ *
+ * * **falsy:** No scope will be created for the directive. The directive will use its parent's scope.
+ *
+ * * **`true`:** A new child scope that prototypically inherits from its parent will be created for
+ * the directive's element. If multiple directives on the same element request a new scope,
+ * only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not apply for the root of the template
+ * since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
+ *
+ * * **`{...}` (an object hash):** A new "isolate" scope is created for the directive's element. The
+ * 'isolate' scope differs from normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from its parent
+ * scope. This is useful when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify
+ * data in the parent scope.
+ *
+ * The 'isolate' scope object hash defines a set of local scope properties derived from attributes on the
+ * directive's element. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for templates. The keys in
+ * the object hash map to the name of the property on the isolate scope; the values define how the property
+ * is bound to the parent scope, via matching attributes on the directive's element:
+ *
+ * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
+ *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified  then the
+ *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<widget my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and widget definition
+ *   of `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localName` will reflect
+ *   the interpolated value of `hello {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the
+ *   `localName` property on the widget scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not
+ *   component scope).
+ *
+ * * `=` or `=attr` - set up bi-directional binding between a local scope property and the
+ *   parent scope property of name defined via the value of the `attr` attribute. If no `attr`
+ *   name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<widget my-attr="parentModel">` and widget definition of
+ *   `scope: { localModel:'=myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localModel` will reflect the
+ *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
+ *   in `localModel` and any changes in `localModel` will reflect in `parentModel`. If the parent
+ *   scope property doesn't exist, it will throw a NON_ASSIGNABLE_MODEL_EXPRESSION exception. You
+ *   can avoid this behavior using `=?` or `=?attr` in order to flag the property as optional. If
+ *   you want to shallow watch for changes (i.e. $watchCollection instead of $watch) you can use
+ *   `=*` or `=*attr` (`=*?` or `=*?attr` if the property is optional).
+ *
+ * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope.
+ *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
+ *   local name. Given `<widget my-attr="count = count + value">` and widget definition of
+ *   `scope: { localFn:'&myAttr' }`, then isolate scope property `localFn` will point to
+ *   a function wrapper for the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to
+ *   pass data from the isolated scope via an expression to the parent scope, this can be
+ *   done by passing a map of local variable names and values into the expression wrapper fn.
+ *   For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)` then we can specify the amount value
+ *   by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
+ *
+ * In general it's possible to apply more than one directive to one element, but there might be limitations
+ * depending on the type of scope required by the directives. The following points will help explain these limitations.
+ * For simplicity only two directives are taken into account, but it is also applicable for several directives:
+ *
+ * * **no scope** + **no scope** => Two directives which don't require their own scope will use their parent's scope
+ * * **child scope** + **no scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
+ * * **child scope** + **child scope** =>  Both directives will share one single child scope
+ * * **isolated scope** + **no scope** =>  The isolated directive will use it's own created isolated scope. The other directive will use
+ * its parent's scope
+ * * **isolated scope** + **child scope** =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives cannot
+ * be applied to the same element.
+ * * **isolated scope** + **isolated scope**  =>  **Won't work!** Only one scope can be related to one element. Therefore these directives
+ * cannot be applied to the same element.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `bindToController`
+ * When an isolate scope is used for a component (see above), and `controllerAs` is used, `bindToController: true` will
+ * allow a component to have its properties bound to the controller, rather than to scope. When the controller
+ * is instantiated, the initial values of the isolate scope bindings are already available.
+ *
+ * #### `controller`
+ * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
+ * pre-linking phase and can be accessed by other directives (see
+ * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
+ * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
+ *
+ * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
+ * * `$element` - Current element
+ * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
+ * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope:
+ *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
+ *    * `scope`: optional argument to override the scope.
+ *    * `cloneLinkingFn`: optional argument to create clones of the original transcluded content.
+ *    * `futureParentElement`:
+ *        * defines the parent to which the `cloneLinkingFn` will add the cloned elements.
+ *        * default: `$element.parent()` resp. `$element` for `transclude:'element'` resp. `transclude:true`.
+ *        * only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html elements (e.g. SVG elements)
+ *          and when the `cloneLinkinFn` is passed,
+ *          as those elements need to created and cloned in a special way when they are defined outside their
+ *          usual containers (e.g. like `<svg>`).
+ *        * See also the `directive.templateNamespace` property.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `require`
+ * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
+ * `require` takes a string name (or array of strings) of the directive(s) to pass in. If an array is used, the
+ * injected argument will be an array in corresponding order. If no such directive can be
+ * found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is raised (unless no link function
+ * is specified, in which case error checking is skipped). The name can be prefixed with:
+ *
+ * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `^^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents or pass
+ *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `?^^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents, or pass
+ *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `controllerAs`
+ * Identifier name for a reference to the controller in the directive's scope.
+ * This allows the controller to be referenced from the directive template. This is especially
+ * useful when a directive is used as component, i.e. with an `isolate` scope. It's also possible
+ * to use it in a directive without an `isolate` / `new` scope, but you need to be aware that the
+ * `controllerAs` reference might overwrite a property that already exists on the parent scope.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `restrict`
+ * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
+ * declaration style. If omitted, the defaults (elements and attributes) are used.
+ *
+ * * `E` - Element name (default): `<my-directive></my-directive>`
+ * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
+ * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
+ * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateNamespace`
+ * String representing the document type used by the markup in the template.
+ * AngularJS needs this information as those elements need to be created and cloned
+ * in a special way when they are defined outside their usual containers like `<svg>` and `<math>`.
+ *
+ * * `html` - All root nodes in the template are HTML. Root nodes may also be
+ *   top-level elements such as `<svg>` or `<math>`.
+ * * `svg` - The root nodes in the template are SVG elements (excluding `<math>`).
+ * * `math` - The root nodes in the template are MathML elements (excluding `<svg>`).
+ *
+ * If no `templateNamespace` is specified, then the namespace is considered to be `html`.
+ *
+ * #### `template`
+ * HTML markup that may:
+ * * Replace the contents of the directive's element (default).
+ * * Replace the directive's element itself (if `replace` is true - DEPRECATED).
+ * * Wrap the contents of the directive's element (if `transclude` is true).
+ *
+ * Value may be:
+ *
+ * * A string. For example `<div red-on-hover>{{delete_str}}</div>`.
+ * * A function which takes two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile`
+ *   function api below) and returns a string value.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateUrl`
+ * This is similar to `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL, asynchronously.
+ *
+ * Because template loading is asynchronous the compiler will suspend compilation of directives on that element
+ * for later when the template has been resolved.  In the meantime it will continue to compile and link
+ * sibling and parent elements as though this element had not contained any directives.
+ *
+ * The compiler does not suspend the entire compilation to wait for templates to be loaded because this
+ * would result in the whole app "stalling" until all templates are loaded asynchronously - even in the
+ * case when only one deeply nested directive has `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * Template loading is asynchronous even if the template has been preloaded into the {@link $templateCache}
+ *
+ * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
+ * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
+ * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
+ * $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `replace` ([*DEPRECATED*!], will be removed in next major release - i.e. v2.0)
+ * specify what the template should replace. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * * `true` - the template will replace the directive's element.
+ * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the directive's element.
+ *
+ * The replacement process migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new
+ * one. See the {@link guide/directive#template-expanding-directive
+ * Directives Guide} for an example.
+ *
+ * There are very few scenarios where element replacement is required for the application function,
+ * the main one being reusable custom components that are used within SVG contexts
+ * (because SVG doesn't work with custom elements in the DOM tree).
+ *
+ * #### `transclude`
+ * Extract the contents of the element where the directive appears and make it available to the directive.
+ * The contents are compiled and provided to the directive as a **transclusion function**. See the
+ * {@link $compile#transclusion Transclusion} section below.
+ *
+ * There are two kinds of transclusion depending upon whether you want to transclude just the contents of the
+ * directive's element or the entire element:
+ *
+ * * `true` - transclude the content (i.e. the child nodes) of the directive's element.
+ * * `'element'` - transclude the whole of the directive's element including any directives on this
+ *   element that defined at a lower priority than this directive. When used, the `template`
+ *   property is ignored.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `compile`
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
+ * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
+ *
+ *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
+ *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
+ *
+ *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive compile functions.
+ *
+ *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
+ * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
+ * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
+ * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
+ * </div>
+
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
+ * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and a
+ * stack overflow errors.
+ *
+ * This can be avoided by manually using $compile in the postLink function to imperatively compile
+ * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
+ * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
+ *   to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+
+ * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
+ *
+ * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
+ *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
+ *
+ * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
+ *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
+ *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `link`
+ * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
+ * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
+ * put.
+ *
+ *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
+ *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
+ *
+ *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
+ *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
+ *     already been linked.
+ *
+ *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive linking functions.
+ *
+ *   * `controller` - the directive's required controller instance(s) - Instances are shared
+ *     among all directives, which allows the directives to use the controllers as a communication
+ *     channel. The exact value depends on the directive's `require` property:
+ *       * no controller(s) required: the directive's own controller, or `undefined` if it doesn't have one
+ *       * `string`: the controller instance
+ *       * `array`: array of controller instances
+ *
+ *     If a required controller cannot be found, and it is optional, the instance is `null`,
+ *     otherwise the {@link error:$compile:ctreq Missing Required Controller} error is thrown.
+ *
+ *     Note that you can also require the directive's own controller - it will be made available like
+ *     any other controller.
+ *
+ *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *     This is the same as the `$transclude`
+ *     parameter of directive controllers, see there for details.
+ *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
+ *
+ * #### Pre-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
+ * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
+ *
+ * #### Post-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed after the child elements are linked.
+ *
+ * Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled
+ * and linked since they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own
+ * compilation and linking has been suspended until that occurs.
+ *
+ * It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function on elements that are not waiting
+ * for their async templates to be resolved.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Transclusion
+ *
+ * Transclusion is the process of extracting a collection of DOM elements from one part of the DOM and
+ * copying them to another part of the DOM, while maintaining their connection to the original AngularJS
+ * scope from where they were taken.
+ *
+ * Transclusion is used (often with {@link ngTransclude}) to insert the
+ * original contents of a directive's element into a specified place in the template of the directive.
+ * The benefit of transclusion, over simply moving the DOM elements manually, is that the transcluded
+ * content has access to the properties on the scope from which it was taken, even if the directive
+ * has isolated scope.
+ * See the {@link guide/directive#creating-a-directive-that-wraps-other-elements Directives Guide}.
+ *
+ * This makes it possible for the widget to have private state for its template, while the transcluded
+ * content has access to its originating scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** When testing an element transclude directive you must not place the directive at the root of the
+ * DOM fragment that is being compiled. See {@link guide/unit-testing#testing-transclusion-directives
+ * Testing Transclusion Directives}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * #### Transclusion Functions
+ *
+ * When a directive requests transclusion, the compiler extracts its contents and provides a **transclusion
+ * function** to the directive's `link` function and `controller`. This transclusion function is a special
+ * **linking function** that will return the compiled contents linked to a new transclusion scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * If you are just using {@link ngTransclude} then you don't need to worry about this function, since
+ * ngTransclude will deal with it for us.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * If you want to manually control the insertion and removal of the transcluded content in your directive
+ * then you must use this transclude function. When you call a transclude function it returns a a jqLite/JQuery
+ * object that contains the compiled DOM, which is linked to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *
+ * When you call a transclusion function you can pass in a **clone attach function**. This function accepts
+ * two parameters, `function(clone, scope) { ... }`, where the `clone` is a fresh compiled copy of your transcluded
+ * content and the `scope` is the newly created transclusion scope, to which the clone is bound.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Best Practice**: Always provide a `cloneFn` (clone attach function) when you call a translude function
+ * since you then get a fresh clone of the original DOM and also have access to the new transclusion scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * It is normal practice to attach your transcluded content (`clone`) to the DOM inside your **clone
+ * attach function**:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var transcludedContent, transclusionScope;
+ *
+ * $transclude(function(clone, scope) {
+ *   element.append(clone);
+ *   transcludedContent = clone;
+ *   transclusionScope = scope;
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Later, if you want to remove the transcluded content from your DOM then you should also destroy the
+ * associated transclusion scope:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * transcludedContent.remove();
+ * transclusionScope.$destroy();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Best Practice**: if you intend to add and remove transcluded content manually in your directive
+ * (by calling the transclude function to get the DOM and calling `element.remove()` to remove it),
+ * then you are also responsible for calling `$destroy` on the transclusion scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * The built-in DOM manipulation directives, such as {@link ngIf}, {@link ngSwitch} and {@link ngRepeat}
+ * automatically destroy their transluded clones as necessary so you do not need to worry about this if
+ * you are simply using {@link ngTransclude} to inject the transclusion into your directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### Transclusion Scopes
+ *
+ * When you call a transclude function it returns a DOM fragment that is pre-bound to a **transclusion
+ * scope**. This scope is special, in that it is a child of the directive's scope (and so gets destroyed
+ * when the directive's scope gets destroyed) but it inherits the properties of the scope from which it
+ * was taken.
+ *
+ * For example consider a directive that uses transclusion and isolated scope. The DOM hierarchy might look
+ * like this:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-app>
+ *   <div isolate>
+ *     <div transclusion>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The `$parent` scope hierarchy will look like this:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * - $rootScope
+ *   - isolate
+ *     - transclusion
+ * ```
+ *
+ * but the scopes will inherit prototypically from different scopes to their `$parent`.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * - $rootScope
+ *   - transclusion
+ * - isolate
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Attributes
+ *
+ * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
+ * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
+ *
+ * accessing *Normalized attribute names:*
+ * Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways: 'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'.
+ * the attributes object allows for normalized access to
+ *   the attributes.
+ *
+ * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
+ *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
+ *   communication.
+ *
+ * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
+ *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
+ *
+ * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
+ *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
+ *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
+ *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
+ *   // get the attribute value
+ *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
+ *
+ *   // change the attribute
+ *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
+ *
+ *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
+ *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
+ *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
+ *   });
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Example
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
+ * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ <example module="compileExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+    <script>
+      angular.module('compileExample', [], function($compileProvider) {
+        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
+        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
+        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
+          // directive factory creates a link function
+          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+            scope.$watch(
+              function(scope) {
+                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
+                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
+              },
+              function(value) {
+                // when the 'compile' expression changes
+                // assign it into the current DOM
+                element.html(value);
+
+                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
+                // scope.
+                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
+                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
+                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
+              }
+            );
+          };
+        });
+      })
+      .controller('GreeterController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+        $scope.name = 'Angular';
+        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
+      }]);
+    </script>
+    <div ng-controller="GreeterController">
+      <input ng-model="name"> <br/>
+      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br/>
+      <div compile="html"></div>
+    </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should auto compile', function() {
+       var textarea = $('textarea');
+       var output = $('div[compile]');
+       // The initial state reads 'Hello Angular'.
+       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello Angular');
+       textarea.clear();
+       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
+       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Angular!');
+     });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
+ * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives - DEPRECATED.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note:** Passing a `transclude` function to the $compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. will not use the right outer scope. Please pass the transclude function as a
+ *   `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
+ *                 root element(s), not their children)
+ * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=, options=)} a link function which is used to bind template
+ * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
+ *
+ *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
+ *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
+ *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
+ *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
+ *  called as: <br/> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
+ *
+ *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
+ *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
+ *
+ *  * `options` - An optional object hash with linking options. If `options` is provided, then the following
+ *  keys may be used to control linking behavior:
+ *
+ *      * `parentBoundTranscludeFn` - the transclude function made available to
+ *        directives; if given, it will be passed through to the link functions of
+ *        directives found in `element` during compilation.
+ *      * `transcludeControllers` - an object hash with keys that map controller names
+ *        to controller instances; if given, it will make the controllers
+ *        available to directives.
+ *      * `futureParentElement` - defines the parent to which the `cloneAttachFn` will add
+ *        the cloned elements; only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html
+ *        elements (e.g. SVG elements). See also the directive.controller property.
+ *
+ * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
+ * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
+ *
+ * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
+ * Angular automatically.
+ *
+ * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
+ *
+ * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
+ *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
+ *   ```js
+ *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
+ *   ```
+ *
+ * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
+ *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
+ *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
+ *   ```js
+ *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
+ *         scope = ....;
+ *
+ *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
+ *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`
+ *   ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For information on how the compiler works, see the
+ * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $compileProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ */
+$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
+function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
+  var hasDirectives = {},
+      Suffix = 'Directive',
+      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\w\-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
+      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\w\-]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/,
+      ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS = makeMap('ngSrc,ngSrcset,src,srcset'),
+      REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(?:(\^\^?)?(\?)?(\^\^?)?)?/;
+
+  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
+  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
+  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
+  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;
+
+  function parseIsolateBindings(scope, directiveName, isController) {
+    var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@&]|=(\*?))(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
+
+    var bindings = {};
+
+    forEach(scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
+      var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
+            "Invalid {3} for directive '{0}'." +
+            " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
+            directiveName, scopeName, definition,
+            (isController ? "controller bindings definition" :
+            "isolate scope definition"));
+      }
+
+      bindings[scopeName] = {
+        mode: match[1][0],
+        collection: match[2] === '*',
+        optional: match[3] === '?',
+        attrName: match[4] || scopeName
+      };
+    });
+
+    return bindings;
+  }
+
+  function parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directiveName) {
+    var bindings = {
+      isolateScope: null,
+      bindToController: null
+    };
+    if (isObject(directive.scope)) {
+      if (directive.bindToController === true) {
+        bindings.bindToController = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
+                                                         directiveName, true);
+        bindings.isolateScope = {};
+      } else {
+        bindings.isolateScope = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope,
+                                                     directiveName, false);
+      }
+    }
+    if (isObject(directive.bindToController)) {
+      bindings.bindToController =
+          parseIsolateBindings(directive.bindToController, directiveName, true);
+    }
+    if (isObject(bindings.bindToController)) {
+      var controller = directive.controller;
+      var controllerAs = directive.controllerAs;
+      if (!controller) {
+        // There is no controller, there may or may not be a controllerAs property
+        throw $compileMinErr('noctrl',
+              "Cannot bind to controller without directive '{0}'s controller.",
+              directiveName);
+      } else if (!identifierForController(controller, controllerAs)) {
+        // There is a controller, but no identifier or controllerAs property
+        throw $compileMinErr('noident',
+              "Cannot bind to controller without identifier for directive '{0}'.",
+              directiveName);
+      }
+    }
+    return bindings;
+  }
+
+  function assertValidDirectiveName(name) {
+    var letter = name.charAt(0);
+    if (!letter || letter !== lowercase(letter)) {
+      throw $compileMinErr('baddir', "Directive name '{0}' is invalid. The first character must be a lowercase letter", name);
+    }
+    if (name !== name.trim()) {
+      throw $compileMinErr('baddir',
+            "Directive name '{0}' is invalid. The name should not contain leading or trailing whitespaces",
+            name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#directive
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
+   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
+   *    names and the values are the factories.
+   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See
+   *    {@link guide/directive} for more info.
+   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
+   */
+   this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
+    if (isString(name)) {
+      assertValidDirectiveName(name);
+      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
+      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        hasDirectives[name] = [];
+        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
+          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
+            var directives = [];
+            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
+              try {
+                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
+                if (isFunction(directive)) {
+                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
+                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
+                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
+                }
+                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
+                directive.index = index;
+                directive.name = directive.name || name;
+                directive.require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
+                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'EA';
+                var bindings = directive.$$bindings =
+                    parseDirectiveBindings(directive, directive.name);
+                if (isObject(bindings.isolateScope)) {
+                  directive.$$isolateBindings = bindings.isolateScope;
+                }
+                directive.$$moduleName = directiveFactory.$$moduleName;
+                directives.push(directive);
+              } catch (e) {
+                $exceptionHandler(e);
+              }
+            });
+            return directives;
+          }]);
+      }
+      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
+    } else {
+      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at preventing XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name  $compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the debugInfoEnabled state if provided, otherwise just return the
+   * current debugInfoEnabled state
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   *
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Call this method to enable/disable various debug runtime information in the compiler such as adding
+   * binding information and a reference to the current scope on to DOM elements.
+   * If enabled, the compiler will add the following to DOM elements that have been bound to the scope
+   * * `ng-binding` CSS class
+   * * `$binding` data property containing an array of the binding expressions
+   *
+   * You may want to disable this in production for a significant performance boost. See
+   * {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Disabling Debug Data} for more.
+   *
+   * The default value is true.
+   */
+  var debugInfoEnabled = true;
+  this.debugInfoEnabled = function(enabled) {
+    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
+      debugInfoEnabled = enabled;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return debugInfoEnabled;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = [
+            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$templateRequest', '$parse',
+            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$document', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
+    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $templateRequest,   $parse,
+             $controller,   $rootScope,   $document,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {
+
+    var Attributes = function(element, attributesToCopy) {
+      if (attributesToCopy) {
+        var keys = Object.keys(attributesToCopy);
+        var i, l, key;
+
+        for (i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
+          key = keys[i];
+          this[key] = attributesToCopy[key];
+        }
+      } else {
+        this.$attr = {};
+      }
+
+      this.$$element = element;
+    };
+
+    Attributes.prototype = {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$normalize
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Converts an attribute name (e.g. dash/colon/underscore-delimited string, optionally prefixed with `x-` or
+       * `data-`) to its normalized, camelCase form.
+       *
+       * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+       *
+       * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Name to normalize
+       */
+      $normalize: directiveNormalize,
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
+       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
+       */
+      $addClass: function(classVal) {
+        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
+       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
+       */
+      $removeClass: function(classVal) {
+        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
+       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
+       *
+       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
+       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
+       */
+      $updateClass: function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
+        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
+        if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
+        }
+
+        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
+        if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
+       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
+       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
+       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
+       *     Defaults to true.
+       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
+       */
+      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
+        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
+        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
+        //become unstable.
+
+        var node = this.$$element[0],
+            booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(node, key),
+            aliasedKey = getAliasedAttrName(key),
+            observer = key,
+            nodeName;
+
+        if (booleanKey) {
+          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
+          attrName = booleanKey;
+        } else if (aliasedKey) {
+          this[aliasedKey] = value;
+          observer = aliasedKey;
+        }
+
+        this[key] = value;
+
+        // translate normalized key to actual key
+        if (attrName) {
+          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
+        } else {
+          attrName = this.$attr[key];
+          if (!attrName) {
+            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
+          }
+        }
+
+        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);
+
+        if ((nodeName === 'a' && key === 'href') ||
+            (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'src')) {
+          // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
+          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
+        } else if (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'srcset') {
+          // sanitize img[srcset] values
+          var result = "";
+
+          // first check if there are spaces because it's not the same pattern
+          var trimmedSrcset = trim(value);
+          //                (   999x   ,|   999w   ,|   ,|,   )
+          var srcPattern = /(\s+\d+x\s*,|\s+\d+w\s*,|\s+,|,\s+)/;
+          var pattern = /\s/.test(trimmedSrcset) ? srcPattern : /(,)/;
+
+          // split srcset into tuple of uri and descriptor except for the last item
+          var rawUris = trimmedSrcset.split(pattern);
+
+          // for each tuples
+          var nbrUrisWith2parts = Math.floor(rawUris.length / 2);
+          for (var i = 0; i < nbrUrisWith2parts; i++) {
+            var innerIdx = i * 2;
+            // sanitize the uri
+            result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(rawUris[innerIdx]), true);
+            // add the descriptor
+            result += (" " + trim(rawUris[innerIdx + 1]));
+          }
+
+          // split the last item into uri and descriptor
+          var lastTuple = trim(rawUris[i * 2]).split(/\s/);
+
+          // sanitize the last uri
+          result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(lastTuple[0]), true);
+
+          // and add the last descriptor if any
+          if (lastTuple.length === 2) {
+            result += (" " + trim(lastTuple[1]));
+          }
+          this[key] = value = result;
+        }
+
+        if (writeAttr !== false) {
+          if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) {
+            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
+          } else {
+            this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // fire observers
+        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
+        $$observers && forEach($$observers[observer], function(fn) {
+          try {
+            fn(value);
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        });
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
+       *
+       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
+       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
+       * changes.
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
+       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
+                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
+       *        See the {@link guide/directive#text-and-attribute-bindings Directives} guide for more info.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this observer.
+       */
+      $observe: function(key, fn) {
+        var attrs = this,
+            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = createMap())),
+            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));
+
+        listeners.push(fn);
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          if (!listeners.$$inter && attrs.hasOwnProperty(key) && !isUndefined(attrs[key])) {
+            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
+            fn(attrs[key]);
+          }
+        });
+
+        return function() {
+          arrayRemove(listeners, fn);
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+
+    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
+      try {
+        $element.addClass(className);
+      } catch (e) {
+        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
+        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' || endSymbol  == '}}')
+            ? identity
+            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
+              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
+        },
+        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;
+
+    compile.$$addBindingInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingInfo($element, binding) {
+      var bindings = $element.data('$binding') || [];
+
+      if (isArray(binding)) {
+        bindings = bindings.concat(binding);
+      } else {
+        bindings.push(binding);
+      }
+
+      $element.data('$binding', bindings);
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addBindingClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingClass($element) {
+      safeAddClass($element, 'ng-binding');
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addScopeInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeInfo($element, scope, isolated, noTemplate) {
+      var dataName = isolated ? (noTemplate ? '$isolateScopeNoTemplate' : '$isolateScope') : '$scope';
+      $element.data(dataName, scope);
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addScopeClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeClass($element, isolated) {
+      safeAddClass($element, isolated ? 'ng-isolate-scope' : 'ng-scope');
+    } : noop;
+
+    return compile;
+
+    //================================
+
+    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                        previousCompileContext) {
+      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
+        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
+        // modify it.
+        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
+      }
+      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
+      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
+      forEach($compileNodes, function(node, index) {
+        if (node.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_TEXT && node.nodeValue.match(/\S+/) /* non-empty */ ) {
+          $compileNodes[index] = jqLite(node).wrap('<span></span>').parent()[0];
+        }
+      });
+      var compositeLinkFn =
+              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
+                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+      compile.$$addScopeClass($compileNodes);
+      var namespace = null;
+      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, options) {
+        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
+
+        options = options || {};
+        var parentBoundTranscludeFn = options.parentBoundTranscludeFn,
+          transcludeControllers = options.transcludeControllers,
+          futureParentElement = options.futureParentElement;
+
+        // When `parentBoundTranscludeFn` is passed, it is a
+        // `controllersBoundTransclude` function (it was previously passed
+        // as `transclude` to directive.link) so we must unwrap it to get
+        // its `boundTranscludeFn`
+        if (parentBoundTranscludeFn && parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude) {
+          parentBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude;
+        }
+
+        if (!namespace) {
+          namespace = detectNamespaceForChildElements(futureParentElement);
+        }
+        var $linkNode;
+        if (namespace !== 'html') {
+          // When using a directive with replace:true and templateUrl the $compileNodes
+          // (or a child element inside of them)
+          // might change, so we need to recreate the namespace adapted compileNodes
+          // for call to the link function.
+          // Note: This will already clone the nodes...
+          $linkNode = jqLite(
+            wrapTemplate(namespace, jqLite('<div>').append($compileNodes).html())
+          );
+        } else if (cloneConnectFn) {
+          // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
+          // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
+          $linkNode = JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes);
+        } else {
+          $linkNode = $compileNodes;
+        }
+
+        if (transcludeControllers) {
+          for (var controllerName in transcludeControllers) {
+            $linkNode.data('$' + controllerName + 'Controller', transcludeControllers[controllerName].instance);
+          }
+        }
+
+        compile.$$addScopeInfo($linkNode, scope);
+
+        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
+        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+        return $linkNode;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function detectNamespaceForChildElements(parentElement) {
+      // TODO: Make this detect MathML as well...
+      var node = parentElement && parentElement[0];
+      if (!node) {
+        return 'html';
+      } else {
+        return nodeName_(node) !== 'foreignobject' && node.toString().match(/SVG/) ? 'svg' : 'html';
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
+     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
+     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
+     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
+     *
+     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
+     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
+     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
+     */
+    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                            previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkFns = [],
+          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound, nodeLinkFnFound;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
+        attrs = new Attributes();
+
+        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
+        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
+                                        ignoreDirective);
+
+        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
+            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
+                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
+            : null;
+
+        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+          compile.$$addScopeClass(attrs.$$element);
+        }
+
+        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
+                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
+                      !childNodes.length)
+            ? null
+            : compileNodes(childNodes,
+                 nodeLinkFn ? (
+                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
+                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);
+
+        if (nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn) {
+          linkFns.push(i, nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
+          linkFnFound = true;
+          nodeLinkFnFound = nodeLinkFnFound || nodeLinkFn;
+        }
+
+        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
+        previousCompileContext = null;
+      }
+
+      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
+      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;
+
+      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
+        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, childScope, i, ii, idx, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+        var stableNodeList;
+
+
+        if (nodeLinkFnFound) {
+          // copy nodeList so that if a nodeLinkFn removes or adds an element at this DOM level our
+          // offsets don't get screwed up
+          var nodeListLength = nodeList.length;
+          stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
+
+          // create a sparse array by only copying the elements which have a linkFn
+          for (i = 0; i < linkFns.length; i+=3) {
+            idx = linkFns[i];
+            stableNodeList[idx] = nodeList[idx];
+          }
+        } else {
+          stableNodeList = nodeList;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii;) {
+          node = stableNodeList[linkFns[i++]];
+          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+
+          if (nodeLinkFn) {
+            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+              childScope = scope.$new();
+              compile.$$addScopeInfo(jqLite(node), childScope);
+              var destroyBindings = nodeLinkFn.$$destroyBindings;
+              if (destroyBindings) {
+                nodeLinkFn.$$destroyBindings = null;
+                childScope.$on('$destroyed', destroyBindings);
+              }
+            } else {
+              childScope = scope;
+            }
+
+            if (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(
+                  scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+
+            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);
+
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
+            }
+
+            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn,
+                       nodeLinkFn);
+
+          } else if (childLinkFn) {
+            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn) {
+
+      var boundTranscludeFn = function(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, futureParentElement, containingScope) {
+
+        if (!transcludedScope) {
+          transcludedScope = scope.$new(false, containingScope);
+          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
+        }
+
+        return transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, {
+          parentBoundTranscludeFn: previousBoundTranscludeFn,
+          transcludeControllers: controllers,
+          futureParentElement: futureParentElement
+        });
+      };
+
+      return boundTranscludeFn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
+     * sorted.
+     *
+     * @param node Node to search.
+     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
+     *        the function returns.
+     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     */
+    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
+      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
+          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
+          match,
+          className;
+
+      switch (nodeType) {
+        case NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: /* Element */
+          // use the node name: <directive>
+          addDirective(directives,
+              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node)), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
+
+          // iterate over the attributes
+          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, isNgAttr, nAttrs = node.attributes,
+                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
+            var attrStartName = false;
+            var attrEndName = false;
+
+            attr = nAttrs[j];
+            name = attr.name;
+            value = trim(attr.value);
+
+            // support ngAttr attribute binding
+            ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
+            if (isNgAttr = NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
+              name = name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, '')
+                .substr(8).replace(/_(.)/g, function(match, letter) {
+                  return letter.toUpperCase();
+                });
+            }
+
+            var directiveNName = ngAttrName.replace(/(Start|End)$/, '');
+            if (directiveIsMultiElement(directiveNName)) {
+              if (ngAttrName === directiveNName + 'Start') {
+                attrStartName = name;
+                attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
+                name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
+              }
+            }
+
+            nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
+            attrsMap[nName] = name;
+            if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
+                attrs[nName] = value;
+                if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
+                  attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
+                }
+            }
+            addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName, isNgAttr);
+            addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
+                          attrEndName);
+          }
+
+          // use class as directive
+          className = node.className;
+          if (isObject(className)) {
+              // Maybe SVGAnimatedString
+              className = className.animVal;
+          }
+          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
+            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
+              }
+              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case NODE_TYPE_TEXT: /* Text Node */
+          if (msie === 11) {
+            // Workaround for #11781
+            while (node.parentNode && node.nextSibling && node.nextSibling.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT) {
+              node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue + node.nextSibling.nodeValue;
+              node.parentNode.removeChild(node.nextSibling);
+            }
+          }
+          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
+          break;
+        case NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: /* Comment */
+          try {
+            match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
+            if (match) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
+            // comment's node value.
+            // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+
+      directives.sort(byPriority);
+      return directives;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
+     * directive-end.
+     * @param node
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {*}
+     */
+    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      var nodes = [];
+      var depth = 0;
+      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
+        do {
+          if (!node) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
+                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
+                      attrStart, attrEnd);
+          }
+          if (node.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
+          }
+          nodes.push(node);
+          node = node.nextSibling;
+        } while (depth > 0);
+      } else {
+        nodes.push(node);
+      }
+
+      return jqLite(nodes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
+     * linking function.
+     * @param linkFn
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {Function}
+     */
+    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      return function(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
+        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
+     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
+     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
+     *
+     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
+     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
+     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
+     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
+     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
+     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
+     *                              on it.
+     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
+     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
+     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
+     *                                        node
+     * @returns {Function} linkFn
+     */
+    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
+                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+                                   previousCompileContext) {
+      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};
+
+      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          newScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newScopeDirective,
+          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
+          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
+          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
+          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
+          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
+          hasTemplate = false,
+          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
+          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
+          directive,
+          directiveName,
+          $template,
+          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
+          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
+          linkFn,
+          directiveValue;
+
+      // executes all directives on the current element
+      for (var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        directive = directives[i];
+        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
+        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;
+
+        // collect multiblock sections
+        if (attrStart) {
+          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
+        }
+        $template = undefined;
+
+        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
+          break; // prevent further processing of directives
+        }
+
+        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {
+
+          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
+          // directive when the template arrives
+          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
+            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
+              // This directive is trying to add an isolated scope.
+              // Check that there is no scope of any kind already
+              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective,
+                                directive, $compileNode);
+              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
+            } else {
+              // This directive is trying to add a child scope.
+              // Check that there is no isolated scope already
+              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
+                                $compileNode);
+            }
+          }
+
+          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
+        }
+
+        directiveName = directive.name;
+
+        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
+          directiveValue = directive.controller;
+          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || createMap();
+          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
+              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
+          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
+        }
+
+        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
+          hasTranscludeDirective = true;
+
+          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
+          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
+          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
+          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
+            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
+            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
+            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
+            $template = $compileNode;
+            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
+                jqLite(document.createComment(' ' + directiveName + ': ' +
+                                              templateAttrs[directiveName] + ' '));
+            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, sliceArgs($template), compileNode);
+
+            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
+                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
+                                          // Don't pass in:
+                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
+                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
+                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
+                                          //
+                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
+                                          // on the same element more than once.
+                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+                                        });
+          } else {
+            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
+            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
+            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.template) {
+          hasTemplate = true;
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
+              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
+              : directive.template;
+
+          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
+              $template = [];
+            } else {
+              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(directive.templateNamespace, trim(directiveValue)));
+            }
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
+                  directiveName, '');
+            }
+
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);
+
+            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+
+            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
+            // - take the array of directives for this element
+            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
+            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
+            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
+            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));
+
+            if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
+            }
+            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);
+
+            ii = directives.length;
+          } else {
+            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.templateUrl) {
+          hasTemplate = true;
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
+              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
+                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
+                newScopeDirective: (newScopeDirective !== directive) && newScopeDirective,
+                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
+                templateDirective: templateDirective,
+                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+              });
+          ii = directives.length;
+        } else if (directive.compile) {
+          try {
+            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
+            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
+              addLinkFns(null, linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            } else if (linkFn) {
+              addLinkFns(linkFn.pre, linkFn.post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.terminal) {
+          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
+          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
+      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
+      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
+      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;
+
+      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;
+
+      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
+      return nodeLinkFn;
+
+      ////////////////////
+
+      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+        if (pre) {
+          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          pre.require = directive.require;
+          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          preLinkFns.push(pre);
+        }
+        if (post) {
+          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          post.require = directive.require;
+          post.directiveName = directiveName;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          postLinkFns.push(post);
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
+        var value;
+
+        if (isString(require)) {
+          var match = require.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
+          var name = require.substring(match[0].length);
+          var inheritType = match[1] || match[3];
+          var optional = match[2] === '?';
+
+          //If only parents then start at the parent element
+          if (inheritType === '^^') {
+            $element = $element.parent();
+          //Otherwise attempt getting the controller from elementControllers in case
+          //the element is transcluded (and has no data) and to avoid .data if possible
+          } else {
+            value = elementControllers && elementControllers[name];
+            value = value && value.instance;
+          }
+
+          if (!value) {
+            var dataName = '$' + name + 'Controller';
+            value = inheritType ? $element.inheritedData(dataName) : $element.data(dataName);
+          }
+
+          if (!value && !optional) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
+                "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
+                name, directiveName);
+          }
+        } else if (isArray(require)) {
+          value = [];
+          for (var i = 0, ii = require.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            value[i] = getControllers(directiveName, require[i], $element, elementControllers);
+          }
+        }
+
+        return value || null;
+      }
+
+      function setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope) {
+        var elementControllers = createMap();
+        for (var controllerKey in controllerDirectives) {
+          var directive = controllerDirectives[controllerKey];
+          var locals = {
+            $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+            $element: $element,
+            $attrs: attrs,
+            $transclude: transcludeFn
+          };
+
+          var controller = directive.controller;
+          if (controller == '@') {
+            controller = attrs[directive.name];
+          }
+
+          var controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals, true, directive.controllerAs);
+
+          // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment,
+          // but jQuery .data doesn't support attaching data to comment nodes as it's hard to
+          // clean up (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/8335).
+          // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
+          // later, once we have the actual element.
+          elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
+          if (!hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+            $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance.instance);
+          }
+        }
+        return elementControllers;
+      }
+
+      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn,
+                          thisLinkFn) {
+        var i, ii, linkFn, controller, isolateScope, elementControllers, transcludeFn, $element,
+            attrs;
+
+        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
+          attrs = templateAttrs;
+          $element = templateAttrs.$$element;
+        } else {
+          $element = jqLite(linkNode);
+          attrs = new Attributes($element, templateAttrs);
+        }
+
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);
+        }
+
+        if (boundTranscludeFn) {
+          // track `boundTranscludeFn` so it can be unwrapped if `transcludeFn`
+          // is later passed as `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to `publicLinkFn`
+          transcludeFn = controllersBoundTransclude;
+          transcludeFn.$$boundTransclude = boundTranscludeFn;
+        }
+
+        if (controllerDirectives) {
+          elementControllers = setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope);
+        }
+
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          // Initialize isolate scope bindings for new isolate scope directive.
+          compile.$$addScopeInfo($element, isolateScope, true, !(templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
+              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)));
+          compile.$$addScopeClass($element, true);
+          isolateScope.$$isolateBindings =
+              newIsolateScopeDirective.$$isolateBindings;
+          initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, isolateScope,
+                                      isolateScope.$$isolateBindings,
+                                      newIsolateScopeDirective, isolateScope);
+        }
+        if (elementControllers) {
+          // Initialize bindToController bindings for new/isolate scopes
+          var scopeDirective = newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective;
+          var bindings;
+          var controllerForBindings;
+          if (scopeDirective && elementControllers[scopeDirective.name]) {
+            bindings = scopeDirective.$$bindings.bindToController;
+            controller = elementControllers[scopeDirective.name];
+
+            if (controller && controller.identifier && bindings) {
+              controllerForBindings = controller;
+              thisLinkFn.$$destroyBindings =
+                  initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, controller.instance,
+                                              bindings, scopeDirective);
+            }
+          }
+          for (i in elementControllers) {
+            controller = elementControllers[i];
+            var controllerResult = controller();
+
+            if (controllerResult !== controller.instance) {
+              // If the controller constructor has a return value, overwrite the instance
+              // from setupControllers and update the element data
+              controller.instance = controllerResult;
+              $element.data('$' + i + 'Controller', controllerResult);
+              if (controller === controllerForBindings) {
+                // Remove and re-install bindToController bindings
+                thisLinkFn.$$destroyBindings();
+                thisLinkFn.$$destroyBindings =
+                  initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, controllerResult, bindings, scopeDirective);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // PRELINKING
+        for (i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
+          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
+              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element,
+              attrs,
+              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
+              transcludeFn
+          );
+        }
+
+        // RECURSION
+        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
+        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
+        var scopeToChild = scope;
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
+          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
+        }
+        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
+
+        // POSTLINKING
+        for (i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
+          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
+              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element,
+              attrs,
+              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
+              transcludeFn
+          );
+        }
+
+        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
+        // Note: all arguments are optional!
+        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn, futureParentElement) {
+          var transcludeControllers;
+
+          // No scope passed in:
+          if (!isScope(scope)) {
+            futureParentElement = cloneAttachFn;
+            cloneAttachFn = scope;
+            scope = undefined;
+          }
+
+          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
+          }
+          if (!futureParentElement) {
+            futureParentElement = hasElementTranscludeDirective ? $element.parent() : $element;
+          }
+          return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function markDirectivesAsIsolate(directives) {
+      // mark all directives as needing isolate scope.
+      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
+        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: true});
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
+     * call this the boundDirective.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
+     *   String containing any of theses characters:
+     *
+     *   * `E`: element name
+     *   * `A': attribute
+     *   * `C`: class
+     *   * `M`: comment
+     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
+     */
+    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
+                          endAttrName) {
+      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
+      var match = null;
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          try {
+            directive = directives[i];
+            if ((isUndefined(maxPriority) || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
+                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
+              if (startAttrName) {
+                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
+              }
+              tDirectives.push(directive);
+              match = directive;
+            }
+          } catch (e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
+        }
+      }
+      return match;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and returns true if it is a multi-element directive,
+     * and therefore requires DOM nodes between -start and -end markers to be grouped
+     * together.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @returns true if directive was registered as multi-element.
+     */
+    function directiveIsMultiElement(name) {
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          directive = directives[i];
+          if (directive.multiElement) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
+     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
+     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
+     *
+     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
+     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
+     */
+    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
+      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
+          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
+          $element = dst.$$element;
+
+      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
+      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
+          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
+            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
+          }
+          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
+      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
+        if (key == 'class') {
+          safeAddClass($element, value);
+          dst['class'] = (dst['class'] ? dst['class'] + ' ' : '') + value;
+        } else if (key == 'style') {
+          $element.attr('style', $element.attr('style') + ';' + value);
+          dst['style'] = (dst['style'] ? dst['style'] + ';' : '') + value;
+          // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
+          // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
+          // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
+        } else if (key.charAt(0) != '$' && !dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          dst[key] = value;
+          dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
+        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkQueue = [],
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
+          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
+          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
+          derivedSyncDirective = inherit(origAsyncDirective, {
+            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
+          }),
+          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
+              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
+              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl,
+          templateNamespace = origAsyncDirective.templateNamespace;
+
+      $compileNode.empty();
+
+      $templateRequest(templateUrl)
+        .then(function(content) {
+          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);
+
+          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
+            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
+              $template = [];
+            } else {
+              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(templateNamespace, trim(content)));
+            }
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
+                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
+            }
+
+            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);
+
+            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
+              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
+            }
+            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
+          } else {
+            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
+            $compileNode.html(content);
+          }
+
+          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);
+
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
+              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+              previousCompileContext);
+          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
+            if (node == compileNode) {
+              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
+            }
+          });
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);
+
+          while (linkQueue.length) {
+            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
+                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
+                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkNode = $compileNode[0];
+
+            if (scope.$$destroyed) continue;
+
+            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
+              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;
+
+              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
+                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
+                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
+                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
+              }
+              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);
+
+              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
+              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
+            }
+            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+            }
+            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
+              childBoundTranscludeFn, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn);
+          }
+          linkQueue = null;
+        });
+
+      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+        if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+        if (linkQueue) {
+          linkQueue.push(scope,
+                         node,
+                         rootElement,
+                         childBoundTranscludeFn);
+        } else {
+          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn,
+                                  afterTemplateNodeLinkFn);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sorting function for bound directives.
+     */
+    function byPriority(a, b) {
+      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
+      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
+      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
+      return a.index - b.index;
+    }
+
+    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
+
+      function wrapModuleNameIfDefined(moduleName) {
+        return moduleName ?
+          (' (module: ' + moduleName + ')') :
+          '';
+      }
+
+      if (previousDirective) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}{1}, {2}{3}] asking for {4} on: {5}',
+            previousDirective.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(previousDirective.$$moduleName),
+            directive.name, wrapModuleNameIfDefined(directive.$$moduleName), what, startingTag(element));
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
+      if (interpolateFn) {
+        directives.push({
+          priority: 0,
+          compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
+            var templateNodeParent = templateNode.parent(),
+                hasCompileParent = !!templateNodeParent.length;
+
+            // When transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
+            // we don't have a parent and thus need to add the class during linking fn.
+            if (hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(templateNodeParent);
+
+            return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
+              var parent = node.parent();
+              if (!hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(parent);
+              compile.$$addBindingInfo(parent, interpolateFn.expressions);
+              scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
+                node[0].nodeValue = value;
+              });
+            };
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function wrapTemplate(type, template) {
+      type = lowercase(type || 'html');
+      switch (type) {
+      case 'svg':
+      case 'math':
+        var wrapper = document.createElement('div');
+        wrapper.innerHTML = '<' + type + '>' + template + '</' + type + '>';
+        return wrapper.childNodes[0].childNodes;
+      default:
+        return template;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
+      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
+        return $sce.HTML;
+      }
+      var tag = nodeName_(node);
+      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
+      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
+          (tag == "form" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
+          (tag != "img" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
+                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
+        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name, allOrNothing) {
+      var trustedContext = getTrustedContext(node, name);
+      allOrNothing = ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS[name] || allOrNothing;
+
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+
+      // no interpolation found -> ignore
+      if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+
+      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "select") {
+        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
+            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
+            startingTag(node));
+      }
+
+      directives.push({
+        priority: 100,
+        compile: function() {
+            return {
+              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = createMap()));
+
+                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
+                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
+                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
+                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
+                }
+
+                // If the attribute has changed since last $interpolate()ed
+                var newValue = attr[name];
+                if (newValue !== value) {
+                  // we need to interpolate again since the attribute value has been updated
+                  // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
+                  // ensure unset/empty values make interpolateFn falsy
+                  interpolateFn = newValue && $interpolate(newValue, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+                  value = newValue;
+                }
+
+                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
+                // register any observers
+                if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+                // initialize attr object so that it's ready in case we need the value for isolate
+                // scope initialization, otherwise the value would not be available from isolate
+                // directive's linking fn during linking phase
+                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
+
+                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
+                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
+                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
+                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
+                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
+                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
+                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
+                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
+                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
+                    if (name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
+                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
+                    } else {
+                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
+                    }
+                  });
+              }
+            };
+          }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
+     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
+     *
+     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
+     *                               in the root of the tree.
+     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
+     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
+     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
+     */
+    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
+      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
+          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
+          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
+          i, ii;
+
+      if ($rootElement) {
+        for (i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
+            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
+            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
+                     jj = $rootElement.length;
+                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
+              if (j2 < jj) {
+                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
+              } else {
+                delete $rootElement[j];
+              }
+            }
+            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
+
+            // If the replaced element is also the jQuery .context then replace it
+            // .context is a deprecated jQuery api, so we should set it only when jQuery set it
+            // http://api.jquery.com/context/
+            if ($rootElement.context === firstElementToRemove) {
+              $rootElement.context = newNode;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (parent) {
+        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
+      }
+
+      // TODO(perf): what's this document fragment for? is it needed? can we at least reuse it?
+      var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+      fragment.appendChild(firstElementToRemove);
+
+      if (jqLite.hasData(firstElementToRemove)) {
+        // Copy over user data (that includes Angular's $scope etc.). Don't copy private
+        // data here because there's no public interface in jQuery to do that and copying over
+        // event listeners (which is the main use of private data) wouldn't work anyway.
+        jqLite(newNode).data(jqLite(firstElementToRemove).data());
+
+        // Remove data of the replaced element. We cannot just call .remove()
+        // on the element it since that would deallocate scope that is needed
+        // for the new node. Instead, remove the data "manually".
+        if (!jQuery) {
+          delete jqLite.cache[firstElementToRemove[jqLite.expando]];
+        } else {
+          // jQuery 2.x doesn't expose the data storage. Use jQuery.cleanData to clean up after
+          // the replaced element. The cleanData version monkey-patched by Angular would cause
+          // the scope to be trashed and we do need the very same scope to work with the new
+          // element. However, we cannot just cache the non-patched version and use it here as
+          // that would break if another library patches the method after Angular does (one
+          // example is jQuery UI). Instead, set a flag indicating scope destroying should be
+          // skipped this one time.
+          skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData = true;
+          jQuery.cleanData([firstElementToRemove]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (var k = 1, kk = elementsToRemove.length; k < kk; k++) {
+        var element = elementsToRemove[k];
+        jqLite(element).remove(); // must do this way to clean up expando
+        fragment.appendChild(element);
+        delete elementsToRemove[k];
+      }
+
+      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
+      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
+      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
+    }
+
+
+    function invokeLinkFn(linkFn, scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+      try {
+        linkFn(scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      } catch (e) {
+        $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    // Set up $watches for isolate scope and controller bindings. This process
+    // only occurs for isolate scopes and new scopes with controllerAs.
+    function initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, destination, bindings,
+                                         directive, newScope) {
+      var onNewScopeDestroyed;
+      forEach(bindings, function(definition, scopeName) {
+        var attrName = definition.attrName,
+        optional = definition.optional,
+        mode = definition.mode, // @, =, or &
+        lastValue,
+        parentGet, parentSet, compare;
+
+        switch (mode) {
+
+          case '@':
+            if (!optional && !hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
+              destination[scopeName] = attrs[attrName] = void 0;
+            }
+            attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
+              if (isString(value)) {
+                destination[scopeName] = value;
+              }
+            });
+            attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
+            if (isString(attrs[attrName])) {
+              // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
+              // the value is there for use in the link fn
+              destination[scopeName] = $interpolate(attrs[attrName])(scope);
+            }
+            break;
+
+          case '=':
+            if (!hasOwnProperty.call(attrs, attrName)) {
+              if (optional) break;
+              attrs[attrName] = void 0;
+            }
+            if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) break;
+
+            parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+            if (parentGet.literal) {
+              compare = equals;
+            } else {
+              compare = function(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); };
+            }
+            parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
+              // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
+              lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+              throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
+                  "Expression '{0}' used with directive '{1}' is non-assignable!",
+                  attrs[attrName], directive.name);
+            };
+            lastValue = destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+            var parentValueWatch = function parentValueWatch(parentValue) {
+              if (!compare(parentValue, destination[scopeName])) {
+                // we are out of sync and need to copy
+                if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
+                  // parent changed and it has precedence
+                  destination[scopeName] = parentValue;
+                } else {
+                  // if the parent can be assigned then do so
+                  parentSet(scope, parentValue = destination[scopeName]);
+                }
+              }
+              return lastValue = parentValue;
+            };
+            parentValueWatch.$stateful = true;
+            var unwatch;
+            if (definition.collection) {
+              unwatch = scope.$watchCollection(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch);
+            } else {
+              unwatch = scope.$watch($parse(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch), null, parentGet.literal);
+            }
+            onNewScopeDestroyed = (onNewScopeDestroyed || []);
+            onNewScopeDestroyed.push(unwatch);
+            break;
+
+          case '&':
+            // Don't assign Object.prototype method to scope
+            parentGet = attrs.hasOwnProperty(attrName) ? $parse(attrs[attrName]) : noop;
+
+            // Don't assign noop to destination if expression is not valid
+            if (parentGet === noop && optional) break;
+
+            destination[scopeName] = function(locals) {
+              return parentGet(scope, locals);
+            };
+            break;
+        }
+      });
+      var destroyBindings = onNewScopeDestroyed ? function destroyBindings() {
+        for (var i = 0, ii = onNewScopeDestroyed.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          onNewScopeDestroyed[i]();
+        }
+      } : noop;
+      if (newScope && destroyBindings !== noop) {
+        newScope.$on('$destroy', destroyBindings);
+        return noop;
+      }
+      return destroyBindings;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^((?:x|data)[\:\-_])/i;
+/**
+ * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function directiveNormalize(name) {
+  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
+ * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
+ * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
+ * needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Set DOM element attribute value.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
+ *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
+ *          property to the original name.
+ * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
+ */
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Closure compiler type information
+ */
+
+function nodesetLinkingFn(
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+) {}
+
+function directiveLinkingFn(
+  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* Node */ node,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+) {}
+
+function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
+  var values = '',
+      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
+      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);
+
+  outer:
+  for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+    var token = tokens1[i];
+    for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+      if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+    }
+    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
+  }
+  return values;
+}
+
+function removeComments(jqNodes) {
+  jqNodes = jqLite(jqNodes);
+  var i = jqNodes.length;
+
+  if (i <= 1) {
+    return jqNodes;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    var node = jqNodes[i];
+    if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+      splice.call(jqNodes, i, 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return jqNodes;
+}
+
+var $controllerMinErr = minErr('$controller');
+
+
+var CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+(\w+))?$/;
+function identifierForController(controller, ident) {
+  if (ident && isString(ident)) return ident;
+  if (isString(controller)) {
+    var match = CNTRL_REG.exec(controller);
+    if (match) return match[3];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $controllerProvider
+ * @description
+ * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
+ * controllers.
+ *
+ * This provider allows controller registration via the
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
+ */
+function $ControllerProvider() {
+  var controllers = {},
+      globals = false;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $controllerProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
+   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
+   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
+   *    annotations in the array notation).
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      extend(controllers, name);
+    } else {
+      controllers[name] = constructor;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $controllerProvider#allowGlobals
+   * @description If called, allows `$controller` to find controller constructors on `window`
+   */
+  this.allowGlobals = function() {
+    globals = true;
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $controller
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
+     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
+     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
+     *
+     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
+     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
+     *    * if $controllerProvider#allowGlobals, check `window[constructor]` on the global
+     *      `window` object (not recommended)
+     *
+     *    The string can use the `controller as property` syntax, where the controller instance is published
+     *    as the specified property on the `scope`; the `scope` must be injected into `locals` param for this
+     *    to work correctly.
+     *
+     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
+     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
+     *
+     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
+     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
+     */
+    return function(expression, locals, later, ident) {
+      // PRIVATE API:
+      //   param `later` --- indicates that the controller's constructor is invoked at a later time.
+      //                     If true, $controller will allocate the object with the correct
+      //                     prototype chain, but will not invoke the controller until a returned
+      //                     callback is invoked.
+      //   param `ident` --- An optional label which overrides the label parsed from the controller
+      //                     expression, if any.
+      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;
+      later = later === true;
+      if (ident && isString(ident)) {
+        identifier = ident;
+      }
+
+      if (isString(expression)) {
+        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG);
+        if (!match) {
+          throw $controllerMinErr('ctrlfmt',
+            "Badly formed controller string '{0}'. " +
+            "Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.", expression);
+        }
+        constructor = match[1],
+        identifier = identifier || match[3];
+        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
+            ? controllers[constructor]
+            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) ||
+                (globals ? getter($window, constructor, true) : undefined);
+
+        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
+      }
+
+      if (later) {
+        // Instantiate controller later:
+        // This machinery is used to create an instance of the object before calling the
+        // controller's constructor itself.
+        //
+        // This allows properties to be added to the controller before the constructor is
+        // invoked. Primarily, this is used for isolate scope bindings in $compile.
+        //
+        // This feature is not intended for use by applications, and is thus not documented
+        // publicly.
+        // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
+        var controllerPrototype = (isArray(expression) ?
+          expression[expression.length - 1] : expression).prototype;
+        instance = Object.create(controllerPrototype || null);
+
+        if (identifier) {
+          addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+        }
+
+        var instantiate;
+        return instantiate = extend(function() {
+          var result = $injector.invoke(expression, instance, locals, constructor);
+          if (result !== instance && (isObject(result) || isFunction(result))) {
+            instance = result;
+            if (identifier) {
+              // If result changed, re-assign controllerAs value to scope.
+              addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+            }
+          }
+          return instance;
+        }, {
+          instance: instance,
+          identifier: identifier
+        });
+      }
+
+      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals, constructor);
+
+      if (identifier) {
+        addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+      }
+
+      return instance;
+    };
+
+    function addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, name) {
+      if (!(locals && isObject(locals.$scope))) {
+        throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
+          "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
+          name, identifier);
+      }
+
+      locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $document
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="documentExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
+         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('documentExample', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$document', function($scope, $document) {
+           $scope.title = $document[0].title;
+           $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
+         }]);
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $DocumentProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', function(window) {
+    return jqLite(window.document);
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $exceptionHandler
+ * @requires ng.$log
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
+ * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
+ * the browser console.
+ *
+ * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
+ * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
+ *
+ * ## Example:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   angular.module('exceptionOverride', []).factory('$exceptionHandler', function() {
+ *     return function(exception, cause) {
+ *       exception.message += ' (caused by "' + cause + '")';
+ *       throw exception;
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This example will override the normal action of `$exceptionHandler`, to make angular
+ * exceptions fail hard when they happen, instead of just logging to the console.
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * Note, that code executed in event-listeners (even those registered using jqLite's `on`/`bind`
+ * methods) does not delegate exceptions to the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler}
+ * (unless executed during a digest).
+ *
+ * If you wish, you can manually delegate exceptions, e.g.
+ * `try { ... } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }`
+ *
+ * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
+ * @param {string=} cause optional information about the context in which
+ *       the error was thrown.
+ *
+ */
+function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
+    return function(exception, cause) {
+      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+var $$ForceReflowProvider = function() {
+  this.$get = ['$document', function($document) {
+    return function(domNode) {
+      //the line below will force the browser to perform a repaint so
+      //that all the animated elements within the animation frame will
+      //be properly updated and drawn on screen. This is required to
+      //ensure that the preparation animation is properly flushed so that
+      //the active state picks up from there. DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE.
+      //DO NOT OPTIMIZE THIS LINE. THE MINIFIER WILL REMOVE IT OTHERWISE WHICH
+      //WILL RESULT IN AN UNPREDICTABLE BUG THAT IS VERY HARD TO TRACK DOWN AND
+      //WILL TAKE YEARS AWAY FROM YOUR LIFE.
+      if (domNode) {
+        if (!domNode.nodeType && domNode instanceof jqLite) {
+          domNode = domNode[0];
+        }
+      } else {
+        domNode = $document[0].body;
+      }
+      return domNode.offsetWidth + 1;
+    };
+  }];
+};
+
+var APPLICATION_JSON = 'application/json';
+var CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': APPLICATION_JSON + ';charset=utf-8'};
+var JSON_START = /^\[|^\{(?!\{)/;
+var JSON_ENDS = {
+  '[': /]$/,
+  '{': /}$/
+};
+var JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/;
+var $httpMinErr = minErr('$http');
+var $httpMinErrLegacyFn = function(method) {
+  return function() {
+    throw $httpMinErr('legacy', 'The method `{0}` on the promise returned from `$http` has been disabled.', method);
+  };
+};
+
+function serializeValue(v) {
+  if (isObject(v)) {
+    return isDate(v) ? v.toISOString() : toJson(v);
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+function $HttpParamSerializerProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $httpParamSerializer
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Default {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that converts objects to strings
+   * according to the following rules:
+   *
+   * * `{'foo': 'bar'}` results in `foo=bar`
+   * * `{'foo': Date.now()}` results in `foo=2015-04-01T09%3A50%3A49.262Z` (`toISOString()` and encoded representation of a Date object)
+   * * `{'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}` results in `foo=bar&foo=baz` (repeated key for each array element)
+   * * `{'foo': {'bar':'baz'}}` results in `foo=%7B%22bar%22%3A%22baz%22%7D"` (stringified and encoded representation of an object)
+   *
+   * Note that serializer will sort the request parameters alphabetically.
+   * */
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function ngParamSerializer(params) {
+      if (!params) return '';
+      var parts = [];
+      forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
+        if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          forEach(value, function(v, k) {
+            parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key)  + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(v)));
+          });
+        } else {
+          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(value)));
+        }
+      });
+
+      return parts.join('&');
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+function $HttpParamSerializerJQLikeProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $httpParamSerializerJQLike
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Alternative {@link $http `$http`} params serializer that follows
+   * jQuery's [`param()`](http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) method logic.
+   * The serializer will also sort the params alphabetically.
+   *
+   * To use it for serializing `$http` request parameters, set it as the `paramSerializer` property:
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * $http({
+   *   url: myUrl,
+   *   method: 'GET',
+   *   params: myParams,
+   *   paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializerJQLike'
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * It is also possible to set it as the default `paramSerializer` in the
+   * {@link $httpProvider#defaults `$httpProvider`}.
+   *
+   * Additionally, you can inject the serializer and use it explicitly, for example to serialize
+   * form data for submission:
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * .controller(function($http, $httpParamSerializerJQLike) {
+   *   //...
+   *
+   *   $http({
+   *     url: myUrl,
+   *     method: 'POST',
+   *     data: $httpParamSerializerJQLike(myData),
+   *     headers: {
+   *       'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   *
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * */
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function jQueryLikeParamSerializer(params) {
+      if (!params) return '';
+      var parts = [];
+      serialize(params, '', true);
+      return parts.join('&');
+
+      function serialize(toSerialize, prefix, topLevel) {
+        if (toSerialize === null || isUndefined(toSerialize)) return;
+        if (isArray(toSerialize)) {
+          forEach(toSerialize, function(value, index) {
+            serialize(value, prefix + '[' + (isObject(value) ? index : '') + ']');
+          });
+        } else if (isObject(toSerialize) && !isDate(toSerialize)) {
+          forEachSorted(toSerialize, function(value, key) {
+            serialize(value, prefix +
+                (topLevel ? '' : '[') +
+                key +
+                (topLevel ? '' : ']'));
+          });
+        } else {
+          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(prefix) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(serializeValue(toSerialize)));
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+function defaultHttpResponseTransform(data, headers) {
+  if (isString(data)) {
+    // Strip json vulnerability protection prefix and trim whitespace
+    var tempData = data.replace(JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX, '').trim();
+
+    if (tempData) {
+      var contentType = headers('Content-Type');
+      if ((contentType && (contentType.indexOf(APPLICATION_JSON) === 0)) || isJsonLike(tempData)) {
+        data = fromJson(tempData);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+function isJsonLike(str) {
+    var jsonStart = str.match(JSON_START);
+    return jsonStart && JSON_ENDS[jsonStart[0]].test(str);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse headers into key value object
+ *
+ * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
+ * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
+ */
+function parseHeaders(headers) {
+  var parsed = createMap(), i;
+
+  function fillInParsed(key, val) {
+    if (key) {
+      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (isString(headers)) {
+    forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
+      i = line.indexOf(':');
+      fillInParsed(lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i))), trim(line.substr(i + 1)));
+    });
+  } else if (isObject(headers)) {
+    forEach(headers, function(headerVal, headerKey) {
+      fillInParsed(lowercase(headerKey), trim(headerVal));
+    });
+  }
+
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
+ *
+ * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
+ * @see parseHeaders
+ *
+ * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
+ * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
+ *
+ *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
+ *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
+ */
+function headersGetter(headers) {
+  var headersObj;
+
+  return function(name) {
+    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);
+
+    if (name) {
+      var value = headersObj[lowercase(name)];
+      if (value === void 0) {
+        value = null;
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    return headersObj;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Chain all given functions
+ *
+ * This function is used for both request and response transforming
+ *
+ * @param {*} data Data to transform.
+ * @param {function(string=)} headers HTTP headers getter fn.
+ * @param {number} status HTTP status code of the response.
+ * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
+ * @returns {*} Transformed data.
+ */
+function transformData(data, headers, status, fns) {
+  if (isFunction(fns)) {
+    return fns(data, headers, status);
+  }
+
+  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
+    data = fn(data, headers, status);
+  });
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+function isSuccess(status) {
+  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $httpProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use `$httpProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ng.$http $http} service.
+ * */
+function $HttpProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#defaults
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Object containing default values for all {@link ng.$http $http} requests.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.cache`** - {Object} - an object built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}
+   * that will provide the cache for all requests who set their `cache` property to `true`.
+   * If you set the `defaults.cache = false` then only requests that specify their own custom
+   * cache object will be cached. See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.xsrfCookieName`** - {string} - Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+   * Defaults value is `'XSRF-TOKEN'`.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.xsrfHeaderName`** - {string} - Name of HTTP header to populate with the
+   * XSRF token. Defaults value is `'X-XSRF-TOKEN'`.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.headers`** - {Object} - Default headers for all $http requests.
+   * Refer to {@link ng.$http#setting-http-headers $http} for documentation on
+   * setting default headers.
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.common`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.post`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.put`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.patch`**
+   *
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.paramSerializer`** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function
+   *  used to the prepare string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
+   *  If specified as string, it is interpreted as a function registered with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+   *  Defaults to {@link ng.$httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer}.
+   *
+   **/
+  var defaults = this.defaults = {
+    // transform incoming response data
+    transformResponse: [defaultHttpResponseTransform],
+
+    // transform outgoing request data
+    transformRequest: [function(d) {
+      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) && !isFormData(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
+    }],
+
+    // default headers
+    headers: {
+      common: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
+      },
+      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
+      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
+      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
+    },
+
+    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
+    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',
+
+    paramSerializer: '$httpParamSerializer'
+  };
+
+  var useApplyAsync = false;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $httpProvider#useApplyAsync
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure $http service to combine processing of multiple http responses received at around
+   * the same time via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $rootScope.$applyAsync}. This can result in
+   * significant performance improvement for bigger applications that make many HTTP requests
+   * concurrently (common during application bootstrap).
+   *
+   * Defaults to false. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If true, when requests are loaded, they will schedule a deferred
+   *    "apply" on the next tick, giving time for subsequent requests in a roughly ~10ms window
+   *    to load and share the same digest cycle.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
+   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
+   **/
+  this.useApplyAsync = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      useApplyAsync = !!value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return useApplyAsync;
+  };
+
+  var useLegacyPromise = true;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $httpProvider#useLegacyPromiseExtensions
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure `$http` service to return promises without the shorthand methods `success` and `error`.
+   * This should be used to make sure that applications work without these methods.
+   *
+   * Defaults to false. If no value is specified, returns the current configured value.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If true, `$http` will return a normal promise without the `success` and `error` methods.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
+   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
+   **/
+  this.useLegacyPromiseExtensions = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      useLegacyPromise = !!value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return useLegacyPromise;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#interceptors
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Array containing service factories for all synchronous or asynchronous {@link ng.$http $http}
+   * pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses.
+   *
+   * These service factories are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
+   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
+   *
+   * {@link ng.$http#interceptors Interceptors detailed info}
+   **/
+  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];
+
+  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$$cookieReader', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
+      function($httpBackend, $$cookieReader, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {
+
+    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure that default param serializer is exposed as a function
+     */
+    defaults.paramSerializer = isString(defaults.paramSerializer) ?
+      $injector.get(defaults.paramSerializer) : defaults.paramSerializer;
+
+    /**
+     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
+     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
+     * server request.
+     */
+    var reversedInterceptors = [];
+
+    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
+      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
+          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @kind function
+     * @name $http
+     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
+     * @requires $cacheFactory
+     * @requires $rootScope
+     * @requires $q
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
+     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
+     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
+     *
+     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
+     *
+     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
+     * $resource} service.
+     *
+     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
+     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
+     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## General usage
+     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a {@link $http#usage configuration object} —
+     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // Simple GET request example:
+     *   $http({
+     *     method: 'GET',
+     *     url: '/someUrl'
+     *   }).then(function successCallback(response) {
+     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
+     *       // when the response is available
+     *     }, function errorCallback(response) {
+     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
+     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
+     *     });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * The response object has these properties:
+     *
+     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
+     *     functions.
+     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
+     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
+     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
+     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
+     *
+     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and
+     * will result in the success callback being called. Note that if the response is a redirect,
+     * XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning that the error callback will not be
+     * called for such responses.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Shortcut methods
+     *
+     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
+     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests. An optional config can be passed as the
+     * last argument.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   $http.get('/someUrl', config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
+     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data, config).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
+     *
+     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#patch $http.patch}
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Writing Unit Tests that use $http
+     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
+     * request using trained responses.
+     *
+     * ```
+     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
+     * $http.get(...);
+     * $httpBackend.flush();
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Deprecation Notice
+     * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+     *   The `$http` legacy promise methods `success` and `error` have been deprecated.
+     *   Use the standard `then` method instead.
+     *   If {@link $httpProvider#useLegacyPromiseExtensions `$httpProvider.useLegacyPromiseExtensions`} is set to
+     *   `false` then these methods will throw {@link $http:legacy `$http/legacy`} error.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * ## Setting HTTP Headers
+     *
+     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
+     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
+     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
+     *
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
+     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     *
+     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
+     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
+     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
+     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }`.
+     *
+     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
+     * fashion. For example:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * module.run(function($http) {
+     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w'
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
+     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
+     *
+     * To explicitly remove a header automatically added via $httpProvider.defaults.headers on a per request basis,
+     * Use the `headers` property, setting the desired header to `undefined`. For example:
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * var req = {
+     *  method: 'POST',
+     *  url: 'http://example.com',
+     *  headers: {
+     *    'Content-Type': undefined
+     *  },
+     *  data: { test: 'test' }
+     * }
+     *
+     * $http(req).then(function(){...}, function(){...});
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Transforming Requests and Responses
+     *
+     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transformation functions: `transformRequest`
+     * and `transformResponse`. These properties can be a single function that returns
+     * the transformed value (`function(data, headersGetter, status)`) or an array of such transformation functions,
+     * which allows you to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain.
+     *
+     * ### Default Transformations
+     *
+     * The `$httpProvider` provider and `$http` service expose `defaults.transformRequest` and
+     * `defaults.transformResponse` properties. If a request does not provide its own transformations
+     * then these will be applied.
+     *
+     * You can augment or replace the default transformations by modifying these properties by adding to or
+     * replacing the array.
+     *
+     * Angular provides the following default transformations:
+     *
+     * Request transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$http.defaults.transformRequest`):
+     *
+     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
+     *   into JSON format.
+     *
+     * Response transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse` and `$http.defaults.transformResponse`):
+     *
+     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
+     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
+     *
+     *
+     * ### Overriding the Default Transformations Per Request
+     *
+     * If you wish override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
+     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties on the configuration object passed
+     * into `$http`.
+     *
+     * Note that if you provide these properties on the config object the default transformations will be
+     * overwritten. If you wish to augment the default transformations then you must include them in your
+     * local transformation array.
+     *
+     * The following code demonstrates adding a new response transformation to be run after the default response
+     * transformations have been run.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * function appendTransform(defaults, transform) {
+     *
+     *   // We can't guarantee that the default transformation is an array
+     *   defaults = angular.isArray(defaults) ? defaults : [defaults];
+     *
+     *   // Append the new transformation to the defaults
+     *   return defaults.concat(transform);
+     * }
+     *
+     * $http({
+     *   url: '...',
+     *   method: 'GET',
+     *   transformResponse: appendTransform($http.defaults.transformResponse, function(value) {
+     *     return doTransform(value);
+     *   })
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Caching
+     *
+     * To enable caching, set the request configuration `cache` property to `true` (to use default
+     * cache) or to a custom cache object (built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}).
+     * When the cache is enabled, `$http` stores the response from the server in the specified
+     * cache. The next time the same request is made, the response is served from the cache without
+     * sending a request to the server.
+     *
+     * Note that even if the response is served from cache, delivery of the data is asynchronous in
+     * the same way that real requests are.
+     *
+     * If there are multiple GET requests for the same URL that should be cached using the same
+     * cache, but the cache is not populated yet, only one request to the server will be made and
+     * the remaining requests will be fulfilled using the response from the first request.
+     *
+     * You can change the default cache to a new object (built with
+     * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}) by updating the
+     * {@link ng.$http#defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property. All requests who set
+     * their `cache` property to `true` will now use this cache object.
+     *
+     * If you set the default cache to `false` then only requests that specify their own custom
+     * cache object will be cached.
+     *
+     * ## Interceptors
+     *
+     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
+     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
+     *
+     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
+     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
+     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
+     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
+     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
+     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
+     *
+     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
+     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
+     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
+     *
+     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
+     *
+     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http {@link $http#usage config} object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
+     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
+     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
+     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
+     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // register the interceptor as a service
+     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'request': function(config) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return config;
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       },
+     *
+     *
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return response;
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     *
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
+     *
+     *
+     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *      'request': function(config) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Security Considerations
+     *
+     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
+     *
+     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
+     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
+     *
+     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
+     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
+     * cooperation is required.
+     *
+     * ### JSON Vulnerability Protection
+     *
+     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
+     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
+     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
+     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
+     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
+     *
+     * For example if your server needs to return:
+     * ```js
+     * ['one','two']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
+     * ```js
+     * )]}',
+     * ['one','two']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
+     *
+     *
+     * ### Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
+     *
+     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is a technique by which
+     * an unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides a mechanism
+     * to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $http service reads a token from a cookie
+     * (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only
+     * JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that
+     * the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain. The header will not be set for
+     * cross-domain requests.
+     *
+     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
+     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
+     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
+     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
+     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
+     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
+     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography&#41;)
+     * for added security.
+     *
+     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
+     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults at config-time, $http.defaults at run-time,
+     * or the per-request config object.
+     *
+     * In order to prevent collisions in environments where multiple Angular apps share the
+     * same domain or subdomain, we recommend that each application uses unique cookie name.
+     *
+     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
+     *    processed. The object has following properties:
+     *
+     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
+     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
+     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be serialized
+     *      with the `paramSerializer` and appended as GET parameters.
+     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
+     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
+     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
+     *      header will not be sent. Functions accept a config object as an argument.
+     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
+     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+     *    - **transformRequest** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
+     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
+     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
+     *    - **transformResponse** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter, status)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter, status)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      response body, headers and status and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
+     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
+     *      Overriding the Default TransformationjqLiks}
+     *    - **paramSerializer** - `{string|function(Object<string,string>):string}` - A function used to
+     *      prepare the string representation of request parameters (specified as an object).
+     *      If specified as string, it is interpreted as function registered with the
+     *      {@link $injector $injector}, which means you can create your own serializer
+     *      by registering it as a {@link auto.$provide#service service}.
+     *      The default serializer is the {@link $httpParamSerializer $httpParamSerializer};
+     *      alternatively, you can use the {@link $httpParamSerializerJQLike $httpParamSerializerJQLike}
+     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
+     *      GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
+     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
+     *      caching.
+     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
+     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
+     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
+     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS#Requests_with_credentials)
+     *      for more information.
+     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
+     *      [XMLHttpRequest.responseType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest#xmlhttprequest-responsetype).
+     *
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q `Promise}` that will be resolved to a response object
+     *                        when the request succeeds or fails.
+     *
+     *
+     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
+     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
+     *
+     *
+     * @example
+<example module="httpExample">
+<file name="index.html">
+  <div ng-controller="FetchController">
+    <select ng-model="method" aria-label="Request method">
+      <option>GET</option>
+      <option>JSONP</option>
+    </select>
+    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80" aria-label="URL" />
+    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
+    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
+    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
+                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
+      Sample JSONP
+    </button>
+    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
+        Invalid JSONP
+      </button>
+    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
+    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
+  </div>
+</file>
+<file name="script.js">
+  angular.module('httpExample', [])
+    .controller('FetchController', ['$scope', '$http', '$templateCache',
+      function($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
+        $scope.method = 'GET';
+        $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';
+
+        $scope.fetch = function() {
+          $scope.code = null;
+          $scope.response = null;
+
+          $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
+            then(function(response) {
+              $scope.status = response.status;
+              $scope.data = response.data;
+            }, function(response) {
+              $scope.data = response.data || "Request failed";
+              $scope.status = response.status;
+          });
+        };
+
+        $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
+          $scope.method = method;
+          $scope.url = url;
+        };
+      }]);
+</file>
+<file name="http-hello.html">
+  Hello, $http!
+</file>
+<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
+  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
+  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
+  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
+  var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
+  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));
+
+  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
+    sampleGetBtn.click();
+    fetchBtn.click();
+    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
+    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
+  });
+
+// Commented out due to flakes. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9185
+// it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
+//   sampleJsonpBtn.click();
+//   fetchBtn.click();
+//   expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
+//   expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
+// });
+
+  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
+      function() {
+    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
+    fetchBtn.click();
+    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
+    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+     */
+    function $http(requestConfig) {
+
+      if (!angular.isObject(requestConfig)) {
+        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration must be an object.  Received: {0}', requestConfig);
+      }
+
+      var config = extend({
+        method: 'get',
+        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
+        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse,
+        paramSerializer: defaults.paramSerializer
+      }, requestConfig);
+
+      config.headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
+      config.method = uppercase(config.method);
+      config.paramSerializer = isString(config.paramSerializer) ?
+        $injector.get(config.paramSerializer) : config.paramSerializer;
+
+      var serverRequest = function(config) {
+        var headers = config.headers;
+        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
+
+        // strip content-type if data is undefined
+        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
+          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
+            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
+                delete headers[header];
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
+          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
+        }
+
+        // send request
+        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
+      };
+
+      var chain = [serverRequest, undefined];
+      var promise = $q.when(config);
+
+      // apply interceptors
+      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
+        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
+          chain.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
+        }
+        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
+          chain.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
+        }
+      });
+
+      while (chain.length) {
+        var thenFn = chain.shift();
+        var rejectFn = chain.shift();
+
+        promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
+      }
+
+      if (useLegacyPromise) {
+        promise.success = function(fn) {
+          assertArgFn(fn, 'fn');
+
+          promise.then(function(response) {
+            fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
+          });
+          return promise;
+        };
+
+        promise.error = function(fn) {
+          assertArgFn(fn, 'fn');
+
+          promise.then(null, function(response) {
+            fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
+          });
+          return promise;
+        };
+      } else {
+        promise.success = $httpMinErrLegacyFn('success');
+        promise.error = $httpMinErrLegacyFn('error');
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+
+      function transformResponse(response) {
+        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
+        var resp = extend({}, response);
+        if (!response.data) {
+          resp.data = response.data;
+        } else {
+          resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status, config.transformResponse);
+        }
+        return (isSuccess(response.status))
+          ? resp
+          : $q.reject(resp);
+      }
+
+      function executeHeaderFns(headers, config) {
+        var headerContent, processedHeaders = {};
+
+        forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
+          if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
+            headerContent = headerFn(config);
+            if (headerContent != null) {
+              processedHeaders[header] = headerContent;
+            }
+          } else {
+            processedHeaders[header] = headerFn;
+          }
+        });
+
+        return processedHeaders;
+      }
+
+      function mergeHeaders(config) {
+        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
+            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
+            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;
+
+        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);
+
+        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unecessary iteration after header has been found
+        defaultHeadersIteration:
+        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
+          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);
+
+          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
+            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
+              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
+            }
+          }
+
+          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
+        }
+
+        // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
+        return executeHeaderFns(reqHeaders, shallowCopy(config));
+      }
+    }
+
+    $http.pendingRequests = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#get
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#delete
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#head
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#jsonp
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
+     *                     The name of the callback should be the string `JSON_CALLBACK`.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#post
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#put
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $http#patch
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Shortcut method to perform `PATCH` request.
+      *
+      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+      * @param {*} data Request content
+      * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+      * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+      */
+    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put', 'patch');
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc property
+         * @name $http#defaults
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
+         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
+         *
+         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
+         */
+    $http.defaults = defaults;
+
+
+    return $http;
+
+
+    function createShortMethods(names) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
+          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
+          return $http(extend({}, config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url,
+            data: data
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Makes the request.
+     *
+     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
+     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
+     */
+    function sendReq(config, reqData) {
+      var deferred = $q.defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          cache,
+          cachedResp,
+          reqHeaders = config.headers,
+          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.paramSerializer(config.params));
+
+      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
+      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
+
+
+      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false &&
+          (config.method === 'GET' || config.method === 'JSONP')) {
+        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
+              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
+              : defaultCache;
+      }
+
+      if (cache) {
+        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
+        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
+          if (isPromiseLike(cachedResp)) {
+            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
+            cachedResp.then(resolvePromiseWithResult, resolvePromiseWithResult);
+          } else {
+            // serving from cache
+            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3]);
+            } else {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK');
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
+          cache.put(url, promise);
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
+      // send the request to the backend
+      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
+        var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
+            ? $$cookieReader()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
+            : undefined;
+        if (xsrfValue) {
+          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
+        }
+
+        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
+            config.withCredentials, config.responseType);
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+
+
+      /**
+       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
+       *  - caches the response if desired
+       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
+       *  - calls $apply
+       */
+      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText) {
+        if (cache) {
+          if (isSuccess(status)) {
+            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText]);
+          } else {
+            // remove promise from the cache
+            cache.remove(url);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function resolveHttpPromise() {
+          resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText);
+        }
+
+        if (useApplyAsync) {
+          $rootScope.$applyAsync(resolveHttpPromise);
+        } else {
+          resolveHttpPromise();
+          if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
+       */
+      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText) {
+        //status: HTTP response status code, 0, -1 (aborted by timeout / promise)
+        status = status >= -1 ? status : 0;
+
+        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
+          data: response,
+          status: status,
+          headers: headersGetter(headers),
+          config: config,
+          statusText: statusText
+        });
+      }
+
+      function resolvePromiseWithResult(result) {
+        resolvePromise(result.data, result.status, shallowCopy(result.headers()), result.statusText);
+      }
+
+      function removePendingReq() {
+        var idx = $http.pendingRequests.indexOf(config);
+        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function buildUrl(url, serializedParams) {
+      if (serializedParams.length > 0) {
+        url += ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;
+      }
+      return url;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $xhrFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory function used to create XMLHttpRequest objects.
+ *
+ * Replace or decorate this service to create your own custom XMLHttpRequest objects.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myApp', [])
+ * .factory('$xhrFactory', function() {
+ *   return function createXhr(method, url) {
+ *     return new window.XMLHttpRequest({mozSystem: true});
+ *   };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string} method HTTP method of the request (GET, POST, PUT, ..)
+ * @param {string} url URL of the request.
+ */
+function $xhrFactoryProvider() {
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function createXhr() {
+      return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $httpBackend
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ * @requires $xhrFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
+ * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
+ *
+ * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
+ * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
+ *
+ * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
+ * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
+ */
+function $HttpBackendProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$window', '$document', '$xhrFactory', function($browser, $window, $document, $xhrFactory) {
+    return createHttpBackend($browser, $xhrFactory, $browser.defer, $window.angular.callbacks, $document[0]);
+  }];
+}
+
+function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
+  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
+  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType) {
+    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
+    url = url || $browser.url();
+
+    if (lowercase(method) == 'jsonp') {
+      var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.counter++).toString(36);
+      callbacks[callbackId] = function(data) {
+        callbacks[callbackId].data = data;
+        callbacks[callbackId].called = true;
+      };
+
+      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId),
+          callbackId, function(status, text) {
+        completeRequest(callback, status, callbacks[callbackId].data, "", text);
+        callbacks[callbackId] = noop;
+      });
+    } else {
+
+      var xhr = createXhr(method, url);
+
+      xhr.open(method, url, true);
+      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
+        }
+      });
+
+      xhr.onload = function requestLoaded() {
+        var statusText = xhr.statusText || '';
+
+        // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE9)
+        // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
+        var response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
+
+        // normalize IE9 bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
+        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;
+
+        // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
+        // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
+        // while retrieving files from application cache.
+        if (status === 0) {
+          status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol == 'file' ? 404 : 0;
+        }
+
+        completeRequest(callback,
+            status,
+            response,
+            xhr.getAllResponseHeaders(),
+            statusText);
+      };
+
+      var requestError = function() {
+        // The response is always empty
+        // See https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#request-error-steps and https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-network-error
+        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '');
+      };
+
+      xhr.onerror = requestError;
+      xhr.onabort = requestError;
+
+      if (withCredentials) {
+        xhr.withCredentials = true;
+      }
+
+      if (responseType) {
+        try {
+          xhr.responseType = responseType;
+        } catch (e) {
+          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
+          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
+          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
+          // browsers implementing the responseType
+          //
+          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
+          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
+          if (responseType !== 'json') {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      xhr.send(isUndefined(post) ? null : post);
+    }
+
+    if (timeout > 0) {
+      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
+    } else if (isPromiseLike(timeout)) {
+      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
+    }
+
+
+    function timeoutRequest() {
+      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
+      xhr && xhr.abort();
+    }
+
+    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText) {
+      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
+      if (isDefined(timeoutId)) {
+        $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
+      }
+      jsonpDone = xhr = null;
+
+      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText);
+      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+    }
+  };
+
+  function jsonpReq(url, callbackId, done) {
+    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy stuff with script elements, e.g.:
+    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
+    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
+    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
+    script.type = "text/javascript";
+    script.src = url;
+    script.async = true;
+
+    callback = function(event) {
+      removeEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
+      removeEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
+      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
+      script = null;
+      var status = -1;
+      var text = "unknown";
+
+      if (event) {
+        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks[callbackId].called) {
+          event = { type: "error" };
+        }
+        text = event.type;
+        status = event.type === "error" ? 404 : 200;
+      }
+
+      if (done) {
+        done(status, text);
+      }
+    };
+
+    addEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
+    addEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
+    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
+    return callback;
+  }
+}
+
+var $interpolateMinErr = angular.$interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');
+$interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat = function(text) {
+  throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
+      "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
+      "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
+      "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
+};
+
+$interpolateMinErr.interr = function(text, err) {
+  return $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text, err.toString());
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $interpolateProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
+ *
+ * @example
+<example module="customInterpolationApp">
+<file name="index.html">
+<script>
+  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);
+
+  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
+    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
+    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
+  });
+
+
+  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
+      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
+  });
+</script>
+<div ng-app="App" ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
+    //demo.label//
+</div>
+</file>
+<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
+    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+ */
+function $InterpolateProvider() {
+  var startSymbol = '{{';
+  var endSymbol = '}}';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.startSymbol = function(value) {
+    if (value) {
+      startSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return startSymbol;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.endSymbol = function(value) {
+    if (value) {
+      endSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return endSymbol;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
+    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
+        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length,
+        escapedStartRegexp = new RegExp(startSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g'),
+        escapedEndRegexp = new RegExp(endSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g');
+
+    function escape(ch) {
+      return '\\\\\\' + ch;
+    }
+
+    function unescapeText(text) {
+      return text.replace(escapedStartRegexp, startSymbol).
+        replace(escapedEndRegexp, endSymbol);
+    }
+
+    function stringify(value) {
+      if (value == null) { // null || undefined
+        return '';
+      }
+      switch (typeof value) {
+        case 'string':
+          break;
+        case 'number':
+          value = '' + value;
+          break;
+        default:
+          value = toJson(value);
+      }
+
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $interpolate
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @requires $parse
+     * @requires $sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     *
+     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
+     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
+     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
+     * interpolation markup.
+     *
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
+     *   expect(exp({name:'Angular'})).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * `$interpolate` takes an optional fourth argument, `allOrNothing`. If `allOrNothing` is
+     * `true`, the interpolation function will return `undefined` unless all embedded expressions
+     * evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+     *   var context = {greeting: 'Hello', name: undefined };
+     *
+     *   // default "forgiving" mode
+     *   var exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!');
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello !');
+     *
+     *   // "allOrNothing" mode
+     *   exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!', false, null, true);
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toBeUndefined();
+     *   context.name = 'Angular';
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello Angular!');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
+     *
+     * ####Escaped Interpolation
+     * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
+     * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
+     * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
+     * or binding.
+     *
+     * This enables web-servers to prevent script injection attacks and defacing attacks, to some
+     * degree, while also enabling code examples to work without relying on the
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngNonBindable ngNonBindable} directive.
+     *
+     * **For security purposes, it is strongly encouraged that web servers escape user-supplied data,
+     * replacing angle brackets (&lt;, &gt;) with &amp;lt; and &amp;gt; respectively, and replacing all
+     * interpolation start/end markers with their escaped counterparts.**
+     *
+     * Escaped interpolation markers are only replaced with the actual interpolation markers in rendered
+     * output when the $interpolate service processes the text. So, for HTML elements interpolated
+     * by {@link ng.$compile $compile}, or otherwise interpolated with the `mustHaveExpression` parameter
+     * set to `true`, the interpolated text must contain an unescaped interpolation expression. As such,
+     * this is typically useful only when user-data is used in rendering a template from the server, or
+     * when otherwise untrusted data is used by a directive.
+     *
+     * <example>
+     *  <file name="index.html">
+     *    <div ng-init="username='A user'">
+     *      <p ng-init="apptitle='Escaping demo'">{{apptitle}}: \{\{ username = "defaced value"; \}\}
+     *        </p>
+     *      <p><strong>{{username}}</strong> attempts to inject code which will deface the
+     *        application, but fails to accomplish their task, because the server has correctly
+     *        escaped the interpolation start/end markers with REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash)
+     *        characters.</p>
+     *      <p>Instead, the result of the attempted script injection is visible, and can be removed
+     *        from the database by an administrator.</p>
+     *    </div>
+     *  </file>
+     * </example>
+     *
+     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
+     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
+     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
+     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
+     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
+     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
+     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
+     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
+     * @param {boolean=} allOrNothing if `true`, then the returned function returns undefined
+     *    unless all embedded expressions evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
+     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
+     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
+     *
+     * - `context`: evaluation context for all expressions embedded in the interpolated text
+     */
+    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing) {
+      allOrNothing = !!allOrNothing;
+      var startIndex,
+          endIndex,
+          index = 0,
+          expressions = [],
+          parseFns = [],
+          textLength = text.length,
+          exp,
+          concat = [],
+          expressionPositions = [];
+
+      while (index < textLength) {
+        if (((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
+             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1)) {
+          if (index !== startIndex) {
+            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index, startIndex)));
+          }
+          exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex);
+          expressions.push(exp);
+          parseFns.push($parse(exp, parseStringifyInterceptor));
+          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
+          expressionPositions.push(concat.length);
+          concat.push('');
+        } else {
+          // we did not find an interpolation, so we have to add the remainder to the separators array
+          if (index !== textLength) {
+            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index)));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
+      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
+      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
+      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
+      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
+      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
+      if (trustedContext && concat.length > 1) {
+          $interpolateMinErr.throwNoconcat(text);
+      }
+
+      if (!mustHaveExpression || expressions.length) {
+        var compute = function(values) {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            if (allOrNothing && isUndefined(values[i])) return;
+            concat[expressionPositions[i]] = values[i];
+          }
+          return concat.join('');
+        };
+
+        var getValue = function(value) {
+          return trustedContext ?
+            $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, value) :
+            $sce.valueOf(value);
+        };
+
+        return extend(function interpolationFn(context) {
+            var i = 0;
+            var ii = expressions.length;
+            var values = new Array(ii);
+
+            try {
+              for (; i < ii; i++) {
+                values[i] = parseFns[i](context);
+              }
+
+              return compute(values);
+            } catch (err) {
+              $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
+            }
+
+          }, {
+          // all of these properties are undocumented for now
+          exp: text, //just for compatibility with regular watchers created via $watch
+          expressions: expressions,
+          $$watchDelegate: function(scope, listener) {
+            var lastValue;
+            return scope.$watchGroup(parseFns, function interpolateFnWatcher(values, oldValues) {
+              var currValue = compute(values);
+              if (isFunction(listener)) {
+                listener.call(this, currValue, values !== oldValues ? lastValue : currValue, scope);
+              }
+              lastValue = currValue;
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      function parseStringifyInterceptor(value) {
+        try {
+          value = getValue(value);
+          return allOrNothing && !isDefined(value) ? value : stringify(value);
+        } catch (err) {
+          $exceptionHandler($interpolateMinErr.interr(text, err));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol `$interpolateProvider.startSymbol`} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} start symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
+      return startSymbol;
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol `$interpolateProvider.endSymbol`} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} end symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
+      return endSymbol;
+    };
+
+    return $interpolate;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $IntervalProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q', '$$q',
+       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q,   $$q) {
+    var intervals = {};
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc service
+      * @name $interval
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
+      * milliseconds.
+      *
+      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
+      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
+      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
+      * number of iterations that have run.
+      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
+      *
+      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
+      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
+      * time.
+      *
+      * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+      * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
+      * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
+      * directive's element are destroyed.
+      * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
+      * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
+      * </div>
+      *
+      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
+      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
+      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
+      *   indefinitely.
+      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+      * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
+      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
+      *
+      * @example
+      * <example module="intervalExample">
+      * <file name="index.html">
+      *   <script>
+      *     angular.module('intervalExample', [])
+      *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$interval',
+      *         function($scope, $interval) {
+      *           $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
+      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+      *
+      *           var stop;
+      *           $scope.fight = function() {
+      *             // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
+      *             if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
+      *
+      *             stop = $interval(function() {
+      *               if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
+      *                 $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
+      *                 $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
+      *               } else {
+      *                 $scope.stopFight();
+      *               }
+      *             }, 100);
+      *           };
+      *
+      *           $scope.stopFight = function() {
+      *             if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
+      *               $interval.cancel(stop);
+      *               stop = undefined;
+      *             }
+      *           };
+      *
+      *           $scope.resetFight = function() {
+      *             $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+      *             $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+      *           };
+      *
+      *           $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      *             // Make sure that the interval is destroyed too
+      *             $scope.stopFight();
+      *           });
+      *         }])
+      *       // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
+      *       // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
+      *       .directive('myCurrentTime', ['$interval', 'dateFilter',
+      *         function($interval, dateFilter) {
+      *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
+      *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+      *             var format,  // date format
+      *                 stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
+      *
+      *             // used to update the UI
+      *             function updateTime() {
+      *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
+      *             }
+      *
+      *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
+      *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
+      *               format = value;
+      *               updateTime();
+      *             });
+      *
+      *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
+      *
+      *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
+      *             // to prevent updating time after the DOM element was removed.
+      *             element.on('$destroy', function() {
+      *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
+      *             });
+      *           }
+      *         }]);
+      *   </script>
+      *
+      *   <div>
+      *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+      *       <label>Date format: <input ng-model="format"></label> <hr/>
+      *       Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
+      *       <hr/>
+      *       Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
+      *       Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
+      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
+      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
+      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
+      *     </div>
+      *   </div>
+      *
+      * </file>
+      * </example>
+      */
+    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
+      var hasParams = arguments.length > 4,
+          args = hasParams ? sliceArgs(arguments, 4) : [],
+          setInterval = $window.setInterval,
+          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
+          iteration = 0,
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise;
+
+      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;
+
+      promise.then(null, null, (!hasParams) ? fn : function() {
+        fn.apply(null, args);
+      });
+
+      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
+        deferred.notify(iteration++);
+
+        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
+          deferred.resolve(iteration);
+          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
+          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+
+      }, delay);
+
+      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $interval#cancel
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
+      *
+      * @param {Promise=} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
+      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
+      */
+    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
+        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
+        $window.clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
+        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return interval;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $locale
+ *
+ * @description
+ * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
+ * only public api is:
+ *
+ * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
+ */
+
+var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
+    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
+var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
+
+
+/**
+ * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
+ *
+ * @param {string} path Path to encode
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function encodePath(path) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
+  }
+
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
+
+function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
+  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
+
+  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
+  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
+  locationObj.$$port = toInt(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
+}
+
+
+function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj) {
+  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
+  if (prefixed) {
+    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
+  }
+  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl);
+  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
+      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
+  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
+
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
+    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} begin
+ * @param {string} whole
+ * @returns {string} returns text from whole after begin or undefined if it does not begin with
+ *                   expected string.
+ */
+function beginsWith(begin, whole) {
+  if (whole.indexOf(begin) === 0) {
+    return whole.substr(begin.length);
+  }
+}
+
+
+function stripHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
+}
+
+function trimEmptyHash(url) {
+  return url.replace(/(#.+)|#$/, '$1');
+}
+
+
+function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+}
+
+/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
+function serverBase(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
+ */
+function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, basePrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
+   * @param {string} url HTML5 url
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var pathUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
+          appBaseNoFile);
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this);
+
+    if (!this.$$path) {
+      this.$$path = '/';
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
+    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+
+    if (isDefined(appUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url))) {
+      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+      if (isDefined(appUrl = beginsWith(basePrefix, appUrl))) {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (beginsWith('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
+      } else {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
+ * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
+   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var withoutBaseUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url) || beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    var withoutHashUrl;
+
+    if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
+
+      // The rest of the url starts with a hash so we have
+      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
+      withoutHashUrl = beginsWith(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
+      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
+        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
+      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
+      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
+      if (this.$$html5) {
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      } else {
+        withoutHashUrl = '';
+        if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
+          appBase = url;
+          this.replace();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this);
+
+    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
+
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    /*
+     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+     * pathname without a drive is set:
+     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+     *
+     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
+     * do not include drive names for routing.
+     */
+    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
+      /*
+      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+      */
+      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
+
+      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
+
+      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
+      if (url.indexOf(base) === 0) {
+        url = url.replace(base, '');
+      }
+
+      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
+      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+        return path;
+      }
+
+      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
+      this.$$parse(url);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
+ * does not support it.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, appBaseNoFile, hashPrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+    var appUrl;
+
+    if (appBase == stripHash(url)) {
+      rewrittenUrl = url;
+    } else if ((appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
+
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE9 does not reload page because of removal of '#'
+    this.$$absUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + this.$$url;
+  };
+
+}
+
+
+var locationPrototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * Are we in html5 mode?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$html5: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Has any change been replacing?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$replace: false,
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#absUrl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
+   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
+   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} full url
+   */
+  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var url = $location.url();
+   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @return {string} url
+   */
+  url: function(url) {
+    if (isUndefined(url)) {
+      return this.$$url;
+    }
+
+    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
+    this.hash(match[5] || '');
+
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#protocol
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return protocol of current url.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
+   * // => "http"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} protocol of current url
+   */
+  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#host
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return host of current url.
+   *
+   * Note: compared to the non-angular version `location.host` which returns `hostname:port`, this returns the `hostname` portion only.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   *
+   * // given url http://user:password@example.com:8080/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   * host = location.host;
+   * // => "example.com:8080"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} host of current url.
+   */
+  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#port
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return port of current url.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var port = $location.port();
+   * // => 80
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {Number} port
+   */
+  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#path
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
+   * if it is missing.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var path = $location.path();
+   * // => "/some/path"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
+   * @return {string} path
+   */
+  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
+    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
+    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#search
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var searchObject = $location.search();
+   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   *
+   * // set foo to 'yipee'
+   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
+   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
+   * hash object.
+   *
+   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
+   * of `$location` to the specified value.
+   *
+   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
+   * as duplicate search parameters in the url.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
+   * will override only a single search property.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
+   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
+   * value nor trailing equal sign.
+   *
+   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
+   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
+   */
+  search: function(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 0:
+        return this.$$search;
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
+          search = search.toString();
+          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          search = copy(search, {});
+          // remove object undefined or null properties
+          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
+            if (value == null) delete search[key];
+          });
+
+          this.$$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
+              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete this.$$search[search];
+        } else {
+          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#hash
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return hash fragment when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change hash fragment when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
+   * var hash = $location.hash();
+   * // => "hashValue"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
+    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#replace
+   *
+   * @description
+   * If called, all changes to $location during current `$digest` will be replacing current history
+   * record, instead of adding new one.
+   */
+  replace: function() {
+    this.$$replace = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
+  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
+   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
+   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
+   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
+   *
+   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
+   * @return {object} state
+   */
+  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
+    if (!arguments.length) {
+      return this.$$state;
+    }
+
+    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
+        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
+    }
+    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
+    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
+    // so the modification window is narrow.
+    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+
+function locationGetter(property) {
+  return function() {
+    return this[property];
+  };
+}
+
+
+function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
+  return function(value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return this[property];
+    }
+
+    this[property] = preprocess(value);
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $location
+ *
+ * @requires $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
+ * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
+ * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
+ * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
+ *
+ * **The $location service:**
+ *
+ * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
+ *   - Watch and observe the URL.
+ *   - Change the URL.
+ * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
+ *   - Changes the address bar.
+ *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
+ *   - Clicks on a link.
+ * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
+ *
+ * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $locationProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ */
+function $LocationProvider() {
+  var hashPrefix = '',
+      html5Mode = {
+        enabled: false,
+        requireBase: true,
+        rewriteLinks: true
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
+   * @description
+   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
+    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
+      hashPrefix = prefix;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return hashPrefix;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
+   * @description
+   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
+   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
+   *   properties:
+   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
+   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
+   *     support `pushState`.
+   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
+   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
+   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
+   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
+   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
+   *     enables/disables url rewriting for relative links.
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
+    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
+      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
+      return this;
+    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
+        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
+        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
+        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return html5Mode;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
+   *
+   * This change can be prevented by calling
+   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
+   * details about event object. Upon successful change
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
+   *
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
+   *
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
+      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
+    var $location,
+        LocationMode,
+        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
+        appBase;
+
+    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
+      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
+        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
+          "$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!");
+      }
+      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
+      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
+    } else {
+      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
+    }
+    var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, appBaseNoFile, '#' + hashPrefix);
+    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
+
+    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+
+    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
+
+    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
+      var oldUrl = $location.url();
+      var oldState = $location.$$state;
+      try {
+        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
+
+        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
+        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
+        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
+        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Restore old values if pushState fails
+        $location.url(oldUrl);
+        $location.$$state = oldState;
+
+        throw e;
+      }
+    }
+
+    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
+      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+
+      if (!html5Mode.rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which == 2 || event.button == 2) return;
+
+      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
+
+      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
+        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
+      }
+
+      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
+      // get the actual href attribute - see
+      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
+      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
+
+      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
+        // an animation.
+        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
+      }
+
+      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
+      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
+
+      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
+          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the angular application,
+          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
+          // getting double entries in the location history.
+          event.preventDefault();
+          // update location manually
+          if ($location.absUrl() != $browser.url()) {
+            $rootScope.$apply();
+            // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
+            $window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+
+    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+    if (trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl()) != trimEmptyHash(initialUrl)) {
+      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
+    }
+
+    var initializing = true;
+
+    // update $location when $browser url changes
+    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
+
+      if (isUndefined(beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, newUrl))) {
+        // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
+        $window.location.href = newUrl;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $location.$$state;
+        var defaultPrevented;
+
+        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
+        $location.$$state = newState;
+
+        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+
+        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+        // processing this location change
+        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+
+        if (defaultPrevented) {
+          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+          $location.$$state = oldState;
+          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
+        } else {
+          initializing = false;
+          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+        }
+      });
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
+    });
+
+    // update browser
+    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
+      var oldUrl = trimEmptyHash($browser.url());
+      var newUrl = trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl());
+      var oldState = $browser.state();
+      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
+      var urlOrStateChanged = oldUrl !== newUrl ||
+        ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
+
+      if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
+        initializing = false;
+
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+          var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+              $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+
+          // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+          // processing this location change
+          if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+
+          if (defaultPrevented) {
+            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+            $location.$$state = oldState;
+          } else {
+            if (urlOrStateChanged) {
+              setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
+                                        oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
+            }
+            afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      $location.$$replace = false;
+
+      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
+      // there is a change
+    });
+
+    return $location;
+
+    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
+      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
+        $location.$$state, oldState);
+    }
+}];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $log
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
+ * into the browser's console (if present).
+ *
+ * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
+ *
+ * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="logExample">
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('logExample', [])
+         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
+           $scope.$log = $log;
+           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="LogController">
+         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
+         <label>Message:
+         <input type="text" ng-model="message" /></label>
+         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.debug(message)">debug</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $logProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
+ */
+function $LogProvider() {
+  var debug = true,
+      self = this;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
+   * @description
+   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
+    if (isDefined(flag)) {
+      debug = flag;
+    return this;
+    } else {
+      return debug;
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a log message
+       */
+      log: consoleLog('log'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#info
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an information message
+       */
+      info: consoleLog('info'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#warn
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a warning message
+       */
+      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#error
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an error message
+       */
+      error: consoleLog('error'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#debug
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a debug message
+       */
+      debug: (function() {
+        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
+
+        return function() {
+          if (debug) {
+            fn.apply(self, arguments);
+          }
+        };
+      }())
+    };
+
+    function formatError(arg) {
+      if (arg instanceof Error) {
+        if (arg.stack) {
+          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
+              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
+              : arg.stack;
+        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
+          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
+        }
+      }
+      return arg;
+    }
+
+    function consoleLog(type) {
+      var console = $window.console || {},
+          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop,
+          hasApply = false;
+
+      // Note: reading logFn.apply throws an error in IE11 in IE8 document mode.
+      // The reason behind this is that console.log has type "object" in IE8...
+      try {
+        hasApply = !!logFn.apply;
+      } catch (e) {}
+
+      if (hasApply) {
+        return function() {
+          var args = [];
+          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
+            args.push(formatError(arg));
+          });
+          return logFn.apply(console, args);
+        };
+      }
+
+      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
+      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
+      return function(arg1, arg2) {
+        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
+      };
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
+
+// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
+// ------------------------------
+// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
+// access to `$scope` and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
+// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
+//
+//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
+//
+// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
+// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
+// sensitive JavaScript or browser APIs on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
+// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
+// explicitly exposed in this way.
+//
+// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
+// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
+// Similarly we prevent invocations of function known to be dangerous, as well as assignments to
+// native objects.
+//
+// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
+
+
+function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
+  if (name === "__defineGetter__" || name === "__defineSetter__"
+      || name === "__lookupGetter__" || name === "__lookupSetter__"
+      || name === "__proto__") {
+    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
+        'Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! '
+        + 'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+function getStringValue(name, fullExpression) {
+  // From the JavaScript docs:
+  // Property names must be strings. This means that non-string objects cannot be used
+  // as keys in an object. Any non-string object, including a number, is typecasted
+  // into a string via the toString method.
+  //
+  // So, to ensure that we are checking the same `name` that JavaScript would use,
+  // we cast it to a string, if possible.
+  // Doing `name + ''` can cause a repl error if the result to `toString` is not a string,
+  // this is, this will handle objects that misbehave.
+  name = name + '';
+  if (!isString(name)) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('iseccst',
+        'Cannot convert object to primitive value! '
+        + 'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
+  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
+  if (obj) {
+    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
+          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
+        obj.window === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
+          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// isElement(obj)
+        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.prop && obj.attr && obj.find))) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
+          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// block Object so that we can't get hold of dangerous Object.* methods
+        obj === Object) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecobj',
+          'Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+var CALL = Function.prototype.call;
+var APPLY = Function.prototype.apply;
+var BIND = Function.prototype.bind;
+
+function ensureSafeFunction(obj, fullExpression) {
+  if (obj) {
+    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
+        'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+        fullExpression);
+    } else if (obj === CALL || obj === APPLY || obj === BIND) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecff',
+        'Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+        fullExpression);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function ensureSafeAssignContext(obj, fullExpression) {
+  if (obj) {
+    if (obj === (0).constructor || obj === (false).constructor || obj === ''.constructor ||
+        obj === {}.constructor || obj === [].constructor || obj === Function.constructor) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecaf',
+        'Assigning to a constructor is disallowed! Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+var OPERATORS = createMap();
+forEach('+ - * / % === !== == != < > <= >= && || ! = |'.split(' '), function(operator) { OPERATORS[operator] = true; });
+var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Lexer = function(options) {
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+Lexer.prototype = {
+  constructor: Lexer,
+
+  lex: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.index = 0;
+    this.tokens = [];
+
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (ch === '"' || ch === "'") {
+        this.readString(ch);
+      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
+        this.readNumber();
+      } else if (this.isIdent(ch)) {
+        this.readIdent();
+      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
+        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
+        this.index++;
+      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+        this.index++;
+      } else {
+        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
+        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
+        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
+        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
+        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
+        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
+          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
+          this.index += token.length;
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.tokens;
+  },
+
+  is: function(ch, chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
+  },
+
+  peek: function(i) {
+    var num = i || 1;
+    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
+  },
+
+  isNumber: function(ch) {
+    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === "string";
+  },
+
+  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
+    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
+    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
+            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
+  },
+
+  isIdent: function(ch) {
+    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
+            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
+            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
+  },
+
+  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
+    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
+    end = end || this.index;
+    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
+            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
+            : ' ' + end);
+    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
+        error, colStr, this.text);
+  },
+
+  readNumber: function() {
+    var number = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
+      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        number += ch;
+      } else {
+        var peekCh = this.peek();
+        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
+          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: number,
+      constant: true,
+      value: Number(number)
+    });
+  },
+
+  readIdent: function() {
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (!(this.isIdent(ch) || this.isNumber(ch))) {
+        break;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
+      identifier: true
+    });
+  },
+
+  readString: function(quote) {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index++;
+    var string = '';
+    var rawString = quote;
+    var escape = false;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      rawString += ch;
+      if (escape) {
+        if (ch === 'u') {
+          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
+          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i)) {
+            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
+          }
+          this.index += 4;
+          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
+        } else {
+          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
+          string = string + (rep || ch);
+        }
+        escape = false;
+      } else if (ch === '\\') {
+        escape = true;
+      } else if (ch === quote) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: start,
+          text: rawString,
+          constant: true,
+          value: string
+        });
+        return;
+      } else {
+        string += ch;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
+  }
+};
+
+var AST = function(lexer, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+AST.Program = 'Program';
+AST.ExpressionStatement = 'ExpressionStatement';
+AST.AssignmentExpression = 'AssignmentExpression';
+AST.ConditionalExpression = 'ConditionalExpression';
+AST.LogicalExpression = 'LogicalExpression';
+AST.BinaryExpression = 'BinaryExpression';
+AST.UnaryExpression = 'UnaryExpression';
+AST.CallExpression = 'CallExpression';
+AST.MemberExpression = 'MemberExpression';
+AST.Identifier = 'Identifier';
+AST.Literal = 'Literal';
+AST.ArrayExpression = 'ArrayExpression';
+AST.Property = 'Property';
+AST.ObjectExpression = 'ObjectExpression';
+AST.ThisExpression = 'ThisExpression';
+
+// Internal use only
+AST.NGValueParameter = 'NGValueParameter';
+
+AST.prototype = {
+  ast: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
+
+    var value = this.program();
+
+    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
+      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  },
+
+  program: function() {
+    var body = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
+        body.push(this.expressionStatement());
+      if (!this.expect(';')) {
+        return { type: AST.Program, body: body};
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  expressionStatement: function() {
+    return { type: AST.ExpressionStatement, expression: this.filterChain() };
+  },
+
+  filterChain: function() {
+    var left = this.expression();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
+      left = this.filter(left);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  expression: function() {
+    return this.assignment();
+  },
+
+  assignment: function() {
+    var result = this.ternary();
+    if (this.expect('=')) {
+      result = { type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: result, right: this.assignment(), operator: '='};
+    }
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  ternary: function() {
+    var test = this.logicalOR();
+    var alternate;
+    var consequent;
+    if (this.expect('?')) {
+      alternate = this.expression();
+      if (this.consume(':')) {
+        consequent = this.expression();
+        return { type: AST.ConditionalExpression, test: test, alternate: alternate, consequent: consequent};
+      }
+    }
+    return test;
+  },
+
+  logicalOR: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalAND();
+    while (this.expect('||')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '||', left: left, right: this.logicalAND() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  logicalAND: function() {
+    var left = this.equality();
+    while (this.expect('&&')) {
+      left = { type: AST.LogicalExpression, operator: '&&', left: left, right: this.equality()};
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  equality: function() {
+    var left = this.relational();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.relational() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  relational: function() {
+    var left = this.additive();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.additive() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  additive: function() {
+    var left = this.multiplicative();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.multiplicative() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  multiplicative: function() {
+    var left = this.unary();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
+      left = { type: AST.BinaryExpression, operator: token.text, left: left, right: this.unary() };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  unary: function() {
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('+', '-', '!'))) {
+      return { type: AST.UnaryExpression, operator: token.text, prefix: true, argument: this.unary() };
+    } else {
+      return this.primary();
+    }
+  },
+
+  primary: function() {
+    var primary;
+    if (this.expect('(')) {
+      primary = this.filterChain();
+      this.consume(')');
+    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
+      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
+    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
+      primary = this.object();
+    } else if (this.constants.hasOwnProperty(this.peek().text)) {
+      primary = copy(this.constants[this.consume().text]);
+    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+      primary = this.identifier();
+    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
+      primary = this.constant();
+    } else {
+      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
+    }
+
+    var next;
+    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
+      if (next.text === '(') {
+        primary = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: primary, arguments: this.parseArguments() };
+        this.consume(')');
+      } else if (next.text === '[') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.expression(), computed: true };
+        this.consume(']');
+      } else if (next.text === '.') {
+        primary = { type: AST.MemberExpression, object: primary, property: this.identifier(), computed: false };
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
+      }
+    }
+    return primary;
+  },
+
+  filter: function(baseExpression) {
+    var args = [baseExpression];
+    var result = {type: AST.CallExpression, callee: this.identifier(), arguments: args, filter: true};
+
+    while (this.expect(':')) {
+      args.push(this.expression());
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  },
+
+  parseArguments: function() {
+    var args = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
+      do {
+        args.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    return args;
+  },
+
+  identifier: function() {
+    var token = this.consume();
+    if (!token.identifier) {
+      this.throwError('is not a valid identifier', token);
+    }
+    return { type: AST.Identifier, name: token.text };
+  },
+
+  constant: function() {
+    // TODO check that it is a constant
+    return { type: AST.Literal, value: this.consume().value };
+  },
+
+  arrayDeclaration: function() {
+    var elements = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek(']')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        elements.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(']');
+
+    return { type: AST.ArrayExpression, elements: elements };
+  },
+
+  object: function() {
+    var properties = [], property;
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek('}')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        property = {type: AST.Property, kind: 'init'};
+        if (this.peek().constant) {
+          property.key = this.constant();
+        } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+          property.key = this.identifier();
+        } else {
+          this.throwError("invalid key", this.peek());
+        }
+        this.consume(':');
+        property.value = this.expression();
+        properties.push(property);
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume('}');
+
+    return {type: AST.ObjectExpression, properties: properties };
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(msg, token) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
+        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
+          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
+  },
+
+  consume: function(e1) {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    }
+
+    var token = this.expect(e1);
+    if (!token) {
+      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+    }
+    return token;
+  },
+
+  peekToken: function() {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    }
+    return this.tokens[0];
+  },
+
+  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
+  },
+
+  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
+      var token = this.tokens[i];
+      var t = token.text;
+      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
+          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
+        return token;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+    if (token) {
+      this.tokens.shift();
+      return token;
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+
+  /* `undefined` is not a constant, it is an identifier,
+   * but using it as an identifier is not supported
+   */
+  constants: {
+    'true': { type: AST.Literal, value: true },
+    'false': { type: AST.Literal, value: false },
+    'null': { type: AST.Literal, value: null },
+    'undefined': {type: AST.Literal, value: undefined },
+    'this': {type: AST.ThisExpression }
+  }
+};
+
+function ifDefined(v, d) {
+  return typeof v !== 'undefined' ? v : d;
+}
+
+function plusFn(l, r) {
+  if (typeof l === 'undefined') return r;
+  if (typeof r === 'undefined') return l;
+  return l + r;
+}
+
+function isStateless($filter, filterName) {
+  var fn = $filter(filterName);
+  return !fn.$stateful;
+}
+
+function findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, $filter) {
+  var allConstants;
+  var argsToWatch;
+  switch (ast.type) {
+  case AST.Program:
+    allConstants = true;
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr.expression, $filter);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.expression.constant;
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    break;
+  case AST.Literal:
+    ast.constant = true;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  case AST.UnaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.argument, $filter);
+    ast.constant = ast.argument.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.argument.toWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.BinaryExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.left.toWatch.concat(ast.right.toWatch);
+    break;
+  case AST.LogicalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.test, $filter);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.alternate, $filter);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.consequent, $filter);
+    ast.constant = ast.test.constant && ast.alternate.constant && ast.consequent.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.constant ? [] : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.Identifier:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.MemberExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.object, $filter);
+    if (ast.computed) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.property, $filter);
+    }
+    ast.constant = ast.object.constant && (!ast.computed || ast.property.constant);
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.CallExpression:
+    allConstants = ast.filter ? isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) : false;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      if (!expr.constant) {
+        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+      }
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = ast.filter && isStateless($filter, ast.callee.name) ? argsToWatch : [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.left, $filter);
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast.right, $filter);
+    ast.constant = ast.left.constant && ast.right.constant;
+    ast.toWatch = [ast];
+    break;
+  case AST.ArrayExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(expr, $filter);
+      allConstants = allConstants && expr.constant;
+      if (!expr.constant) {
+        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, expr.toWatch);
+      }
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ObjectExpression:
+    allConstants = true;
+    argsToWatch = [];
+    forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+      findConstantAndWatchExpressions(property.value, $filter);
+      allConstants = allConstants && property.value.constant;
+      if (!property.value.constant) {
+        argsToWatch.push.apply(argsToWatch, property.value.toWatch);
+      }
+    });
+    ast.constant = allConstants;
+    ast.toWatch = argsToWatch;
+    break;
+  case AST.ThisExpression:
+    ast.constant = false;
+    ast.toWatch = [];
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+function getInputs(body) {
+  if (body.length != 1) return;
+  var lastExpression = body[0].expression;
+  var candidate = lastExpression.toWatch;
+  if (candidate.length !== 1) return candidate;
+  return candidate[0] !== lastExpression ? candidate : undefined;
+}
+
+function isAssignable(ast) {
+  return ast.type === AST.Identifier || ast.type === AST.MemberExpression;
+}
+
+function assignableAST(ast) {
+  if (ast.body.length === 1 && isAssignable(ast.body[0].expression)) {
+    return {type: AST.AssignmentExpression, left: ast.body[0].expression, right: {type: AST.NGValueParameter}, operator: '='};
+  }
+}
+
+function isLiteral(ast) {
+  return ast.body.length === 0 ||
+      ast.body.length === 1 && (
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.Literal ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ArrayExpression ||
+      ast.body[0].expression.type === AST.ObjectExpression);
+}
+
+function isConstant(ast) {
+  return ast.constant;
+}
+
+function ASTCompiler(astBuilder, $filter) {
+  this.astBuilder = astBuilder;
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+}
+
+ASTCompiler.prototype = {
+  compile: function(expression, expensiveChecks) {
+    var self = this;
+    var ast = this.astBuilder.ast(expression);
+    this.state = {
+      nextId: 0,
+      filters: {},
+      expensiveChecks: expensiveChecks,
+      fn: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      assign: {vars: [], body: [], own: {}},
+      inputs: []
+    };
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var extra = '';
+    var assignable;
+    this.stage = 'assign';
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      this.state.computing = 'assign';
+      var result = this.nextId();
+      this.recurse(assignable, result);
+      this.return_(result);
+      extra = 'fn.assign=' + this.generateFunction('assign', 's,v,l');
+    }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    self.stage = 'inputs';
+    forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+      var fnKey = 'fn' + key;
+      self.state[fnKey] = {vars: [], body: [], own: {}};
+      self.state.computing = fnKey;
+      var intoId = self.nextId();
+      self.recurse(watch, intoId);
+      self.return_(intoId);
+      self.state.inputs.push(fnKey);
+      watch.watchId = key;
+    });
+    this.state.computing = 'fn';
+    this.stage = 'main';
+    this.recurse(ast);
+    var fnString =
+      // The build and minification steps remove the string "use strict" from the code, but this is done using a regex.
+      // This is a workaround for this until we do a better job at only removing the prefix only when we should.
+      '"' + this.USE + ' ' + this.STRICT + '";\n' +
+      this.filterPrefix() +
+      'var fn=' + this.generateFunction('fn', 's,l,a,i') +
+      extra +
+      this.watchFns() +
+      'return fn;';
+
+    /* jshint -W054 */
+    var fn = (new Function('$filter',
+        'ensureSafeMemberName',
+        'ensureSafeObject',
+        'ensureSafeFunction',
+        'getStringValue',
+        'ensureSafeAssignContext',
+        'ifDefined',
+        'plus',
+        'text',
+        fnString))(
+          this.$filter,
+          ensureSafeMemberName,
+          ensureSafeObject,
+          ensureSafeFunction,
+          getStringValue,
+          ensureSafeAssignContext,
+          ifDefined,
+          plusFn,
+          expression);
+    /* jshint +W054 */
+    this.state = this.stage = undefined;
+    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast);
+    fn.constant = isConstant(ast);
+    return fn;
+  },
+
+  USE: 'use',
+
+  STRICT: 'strict',
+
+  watchFns: function() {
+    var result = [];
+    var fns = this.state.inputs;
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(fns, function(name) {
+      result.push('var ' + name + '=' + self.generateFunction(name, 's'));
+    });
+    if (fns.length) {
+      result.push('fn.inputs=[' + fns.join(',') + '];');
+    }
+    return result.join('');
+  },
+
+  generateFunction: function(name, params) {
+    return 'function(' + params + '){' +
+        this.varsPrefix(name) +
+        this.body(name) +
+        '};';
+  },
+
+  filterPrefix: function() {
+    var parts = [];
+    var self = this;
+    forEach(this.state.filters, function(id, filter) {
+      parts.push(id + '=$filter(' + self.escape(filter) + ')');
+    });
+    if (parts.length) return 'var ' + parts.join(',') + ';';
+    return '';
+  },
+
+  varsPrefix: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].vars.length ? 'var ' + this.state[section].vars.join(',') + ';' : '';
+  },
+
+  body: function(section) {
+    return this.state[section].body.join('');
+  },
+
+  recurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args, expression;
+    recursionFn = recursionFn || noop;
+    if (!skipWatchIdCheck && isDefined(ast.watchId)) {
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      this.if_('i',
+        this.lazyAssign(intoId, this.computedMember('i', ast.watchId)),
+        this.lazyRecurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, true)
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Program:
+      forEach(ast.body, function(expression, pos) {
+        self.recurse(expression.expression, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+        if (pos !== ast.body.length - 1) {
+          self.current().body.push(right, ';');
+        } else {
+          self.return_(right);
+        }
+      });
+      break;
+    case AST.Literal:
+      expression = this.escape(ast.value);
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.argument, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      expression = ast.operator + '(' + this.ifDefined(right, 0) + ')';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { left = expr; });
+      this.recurse(ast.right, undefined, undefined, function(expr) { right = expr; });
+      if (ast.operator === '+') {
+        expression = this.plus(left, right);
+      } else if (ast.operator === '-') {
+        expression = this.ifDefined(left, 0) + ast.operator + this.ifDefined(right, 0);
+      } else {
+        expression = '(' + left + ')' + ast.operator + '(' + right + ')';
+      }
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.left, intoId);
+      self.if_(ast.operator === '&&' ? intoId : self.not(intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.right, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.test, intoId);
+      self.if_(intoId, self.lazyRecurse(ast.alternate, intoId), self.lazyRecurse(ast.consequent, intoId));
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (nameId) {
+        nameId.context = self.stage === 'inputs' ? 's' : this.assign(this.nextId(), this.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name) + '?l:s');
+        nameId.computed = false;
+        nameId.name = ast.name;
+      }
+      ensureSafeMemberName(ast.name);
+      self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || self.not(self.getHasOwnProperty('l', ast.name)),
+        function() {
+          self.if_(self.stage === 'inputs' || 's', function() {
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(
+                self.not(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name)),
+                self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name), '{}'));
+            }
+            self.assign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('s', ast.name));
+          });
+        }, intoId && self.lazyAssign(intoId, self.nonComputedMember('l', ast.name))
+        );
+      if (self.state.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.name)) {
+        self.addEnsureSafeObject(intoId);
+      }
+      recursionFn(intoId);
+      break;
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = nameId && (nameId.context = this.nextId()) || this.nextId();
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      self.recurse(ast.object, left, undefined, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left), function() {
+          if (ast.computed) {
+            right = self.nextId();
+            self.recurse(ast.property, right);
+            self.getStringValue(right);
+            self.addEnsureSafeMemberName(right);
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.not(self.computedMember(left, right)), self.lazyAssign(self.computedMember(left, right), '{}'));
+            }
+            expression = self.ensureSafeObject(self.computedMember(left, right));
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = true;
+              nameId.name = right;
+            }
+          } else {
+            ensureSafeMemberName(ast.property.name);
+            if (create && create !== 1) {
+              self.if_(self.not(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name)), self.lazyAssign(self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name), '{}'));
+            }
+            expression = self.nonComputedMember(left, ast.property.name);
+            if (self.state.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.property.name)) {
+              expression = self.ensureSafeObject(expression);
+            }
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+            if (nameId) {
+              nameId.computed = false;
+              nameId.name = ast.property.name;
+            }
+          }
+        }, function() {
+          self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+        });
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      }, !!create);
+      break;
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      intoId = intoId || this.nextId();
+      if (ast.filter) {
+        right = self.filter(ast.callee.name);
+        args = [];
+        forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+          var argument = self.nextId();
+          self.recurse(expr, argument);
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+        expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+        self.assign(intoId, expression);
+        recursionFn(intoId);
+      } else {
+        right = self.nextId();
+        left = {};
+        args = [];
+        self.recurse(ast.callee, right, left, function() {
+          self.if_(self.notNull(right), function() {
+            self.addEnsureSafeFunction(right);
+            forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+              self.recurse(expr, self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+                args.push(self.ensureSafeObject(argument));
+              });
+            });
+            if (left.name) {
+              if (!self.state.expensiveChecks) {
+                self.addEnsureSafeObject(left.context);
+              }
+              expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+            } else {
+              expression = right + '(' + args.join(',') + ')';
+            }
+            expression = self.ensureSafeObject(expression);
+            self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          }, function() {
+            self.assign(intoId, 'undefined');
+          });
+          recursionFn(intoId);
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      right = this.nextId();
+      left = {};
+      if (!isAssignable(ast.left)) {
+        throw $parseMinErr('lval', 'Trying to assing a value to a non l-value');
+      }
+      this.recurse(ast.left, undefined, left, function() {
+        self.if_(self.notNull(left.context), function() {
+          self.recurse(ast.right, right);
+          self.addEnsureSafeObject(self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed));
+          self.addEnsureSafeAssignContext(left.context);
+          expression = self.member(left.context, left.name, left.computed) + ast.operator + right;
+          self.assign(intoId, expression);
+          recursionFn(intoId || expression);
+        });
+      }, 1);
+      break;
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        self.recurse(expr, self.nextId(), undefined, function(argument) {
+          args.push(argument);
+        });
+      });
+      expression = '[' + args.join(',') + ']';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        self.recurse(property.value, self.nextId(), undefined, function(expr) {
+          args.push(self.escape(
+              property.key.type === AST.Identifier ? property.key.name :
+                ('' + property.key.value)) +
+              ':' + expr);
+        });
+      });
+      expression = '{' + args.join(',') + '}';
+      this.assign(intoId, expression);
+      recursionFn(expression);
+      break;
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      this.assign(intoId, 's');
+      recursionFn('s');
+      break;
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      this.assign(intoId, 'v');
+      recursionFn('v');
+      break;
+    }
+  },
+
+  getHasOwnProperty: function(element, property) {
+    var key = element + '.' + property;
+    var own = this.current().own;
+    if (!own.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+      own[key] = this.nextId(false, element + '&&(' + this.escape(property) + ' in ' + element + ')');
+    }
+    return own[key];
+  },
+
+  assign: function(id, value) {
+    if (!id) return;
+    this.current().body.push(id, '=', value, ';');
+    return id;
+  },
+
+  filter: function(filterName) {
+    if (!this.state.filters.hasOwnProperty(filterName)) {
+      this.state.filters[filterName] = this.nextId(true);
+    }
+    return this.state.filters[filterName];
+  },
+
+  ifDefined: function(id, defaultValue) {
+    return 'ifDefined(' + id + ',' + this.escape(defaultValue) + ')';
+  },
+
+  plus: function(left, right) {
+    return 'plus(' + left + ',' + right + ')';
+  },
+
+  return_: function(id) {
+    this.current().body.push('return ', id, ';');
+  },
+
+  if_: function(test, alternate, consequent) {
+    if (test === true) {
+      alternate();
+    } else {
+      var body = this.current().body;
+      body.push('if(', test, '){');
+      alternate();
+      body.push('}');
+      if (consequent) {
+        body.push('else{');
+        consequent();
+        body.push('}');
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  not: function(expression) {
+    return '!(' + expression + ')';
+  },
+
+  notNull: function(expression) {
+    return expression + '!=null';
+  },
+
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right) {
+    return left + '.' + right;
+  },
+
+  computedMember: function(left, right) {
+    return left + '[' + right + ']';
+  },
+
+  member: function(left, right, computed) {
+    if (computed) return this.computedMember(left, right);
+    return this.nonComputedMember(left, right);
+  },
+
+  addEnsureSafeObject: function(item) {
+    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeObject(item), ';');
+  },
+
+  addEnsureSafeMemberName: function(item) {
+    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeMemberName(item), ';');
+  },
+
+  addEnsureSafeFunction: function(item) {
+    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeFunction(item), ';');
+  },
+
+  addEnsureSafeAssignContext: function(item) {
+    this.current().body.push(this.ensureSafeAssignContext(item), ';');
+  },
+
+  ensureSafeObject: function(item) {
+    return 'ensureSafeObject(' + item + ',text)';
+  },
+
+  ensureSafeMemberName: function(item) {
+    return 'ensureSafeMemberName(' + item + ',text)';
+  },
+
+  ensureSafeFunction: function(item) {
+    return 'ensureSafeFunction(' + item + ',text)';
+  },
+
+  getStringValue: function(item) {
+    this.assign(item, 'getStringValue(' + item + ',text)');
+  },
+
+  ensureSafeAssignContext: function(item) {
+    return 'ensureSafeAssignContext(' + item + ',text)';
+  },
+
+  lazyRecurse: function(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.recurse(ast, intoId, nameId, recursionFn, create, skipWatchIdCheck);
+    };
+  },
+
+  lazyAssign: function(id, value) {
+    var self = this;
+    return function() {
+      self.assign(id, value);
+    };
+  },
+
+  stringEscapeRegex: /[^ a-zA-Z0-9]/g,
+
+  stringEscapeFn: function(c) {
+    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+  },
+
+  escape: function(value) {
+    if (isString(value)) return "'" + value.replace(this.stringEscapeRegex, this.stringEscapeFn) + "'";
+    if (isNumber(value)) return value.toString();
+    if (value === true) return 'true';
+    if (value === false) return 'false';
+    if (value === null) return 'null';
+    if (typeof value === 'undefined') return 'undefined';
+
+    throw $parseMinErr('esc', 'IMPOSSIBLE');
+  },
+
+  nextId: function(skip, init) {
+    var id = 'v' + (this.state.nextId++);
+    if (!skip) {
+      this.current().vars.push(id + (init ? '=' + init : ''));
+    }
+    return id;
+  },
+
+  current: function() {
+    return this.state[this.state.computing];
+  }
+};
+
+
+function ASTInterpreter(astBuilder, $filter) {
+  this.astBuilder = astBuilder;
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+}
+
+ASTInterpreter.prototype = {
+  compile: function(expression, expensiveChecks) {
+    var self = this;
+    var ast = this.astBuilder.ast(expression);
+    this.expression = expression;
+    this.expensiveChecks = expensiveChecks;
+    findConstantAndWatchExpressions(ast, self.$filter);
+    var assignable;
+    var assign;
+    if ((assignable = assignableAST(ast))) {
+      assign = this.recurse(assignable);
+    }
+    var toWatch = getInputs(ast.body);
+    var inputs;
+    if (toWatch) {
+      inputs = [];
+      forEach(toWatch, function(watch, key) {
+        var input = self.recurse(watch);
+        watch.input = input;
+        inputs.push(input);
+        watch.watchId = key;
+      });
+    }
+    var expressions = [];
+    forEach(ast.body, function(expression) {
+      expressions.push(self.recurse(expression.expression));
+    });
+    var fn = ast.body.length === 0 ? function() {} :
+             ast.body.length === 1 ? expressions[0] :
+             function(scope, locals) {
+               var lastValue;
+               forEach(expressions, function(exp) {
+                 lastValue = exp(scope, locals);
+               });
+               return lastValue;
+             };
+    if (assign) {
+      fn.assign = function(scope, value, locals) {
+        return assign(scope, locals, value);
+      };
+    }
+    if (inputs) {
+      fn.inputs = inputs;
+    }
+    fn.literal = isLiteral(ast);
+    fn.constant = isConstant(ast);
+    return fn;
+  },
+
+  recurse: function(ast, context, create) {
+    var left, right, self = this, args, expression;
+    if (ast.input) {
+      return this.inputs(ast.input, ast.watchId);
+    }
+    switch (ast.type) {
+    case AST.Literal:
+      return this.value(ast.value, context);
+    case AST.UnaryExpression:
+      right = this.recurse(ast.argument);
+      return this['unary' + ast.operator](right, context);
+    case AST.BinaryExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.LogicalExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return this['binary' + ast.operator](left, right, context);
+    case AST.ConditionalExpression:
+      return this['ternary?:'](
+        this.recurse(ast.test),
+        this.recurse(ast.alternate),
+        this.recurse(ast.consequent),
+        context
+      );
+    case AST.Identifier:
+      ensureSafeMemberName(ast.name, self.expression);
+      return self.identifier(ast.name,
+                             self.expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(ast.name),
+                             context, create, self.expression);
+    case AST.MemberExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.object, false, !!create);
+      if (!ast.computed) {
+        ensureSafeMemberName(ast.property.name, self.expression);
+        right = ast.property.name;
+      }
+      if (ast.computed) right = this.recurse(ast.property);
+      return ast.computed ?
+        this.computedMember(left, right, context, create, self.expression) :
+        this.nonComputedMember(left, right, self.expensiveChecks, context, create, self.expression);
+    case AST.CallExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.arguments, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      if (ast.filter) right = this.$filter(ast.callee.name);
+      if (!ast.filter) right = this.recurse(ast.callee, true);
+      return ast.filter ?
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var values = [];
+          for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+            values.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+          }
+          var value = right.apply(undefined, values, inputs);
+          return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value;
+        } :
+        function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+          var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+          var value;
+          if (rhs.value != null) {
+            ensureSafeObject(rhs.context, self.expression);
+            ensureSafeFunction(rhs.value, self.expression);
+            var values = [];
+            for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+              values.push(ensureSafeObject(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs), self.expression));
+            }
+            value = ensureSafeObject(rhs.value.apply(rhs.context, values), self.expression);
+          }
+          return context ? {value: value} : value;
+        };
+    case AST.AssignmentExpression:
+      left = this.recurse(ast.left, true, 1);
+      right = this.recurse(ast.right);
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        ensureSafeObject(lhs.value, self.expression);
+        ensureSafeAssignContext(lhs.context);
+        lhs.context[lhs.name] = rhs;
+        return context ? {value: rhs} : rhs;
+      };
+    case AST.ArrayExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.elements, function(expr) {
+        args.push(self.recurse(expr));
+      });
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          value.push(args[i](scope, locals, assign, inputs));
+        }
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ObjectExpression:
+      args = [];
+      forEach(ast.properties, function(property) {
+        args.push({key: property.key.type === AST.Identifier ?
+                        property.key.name :
+                        ('' + property.key.value),
+                   value: self.recurse(property.value)
+        });
+      });
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = {};
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+          value[args[i].key] = args[i].value(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        }
+        return context ? {value: value} : value;
+      };
+    case AST.ThisExpression:
+      return function(scope) {
+        return context ? {value: scope} : scope;
+      };
+    case AST.NGValueParameter:
+      return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        return context ? {value: assign} : assign;
+      };
+    }
+  },
+
+  'unary+': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = +arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = 0;
+      }
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary-': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (isDefined(arg)) {
+        arg = -arg;
+      } else {
+        arg = 0;
+      }
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'unary!': function(argument, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = !argument(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary+': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = plusFn(lhs, rhs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary-': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var arg = (isDefined(lhs) ? lhs : 0) - (isDefined(rhs) ? rhs : 0);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary*': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) * right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary/': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) / right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary%': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) % right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary===': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) === right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) !== right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary==': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) == right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary!=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) != right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) < right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) > right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary<=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) <= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary>=': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) >= right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary&&': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) && right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'binary||': function(left, right, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs) || right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  'ternary?:': function(test, alternate, consequent, context) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var arg = test(scope, locals, assign, inputs) ? alternate(scope, locals, assign, inputs) : consequent(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      return context ? {value: arg} : arg;
+    };
+  },
+  value: function(value, context) {
+    return function() { return context ? {context: undefined, name: undefined, value: value} : value; };
+  },
+  identifier: function(name, expensiveChecks, context, create, expression) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var base = locals && (name in locals) ? locals : scope;
+      if (create && create !== 1 && base && !(base[name])) {
+        base[name] = {};
+      }
+      var value = base ? base[name] : undefined;
+      if (expensiveChecks) {
+        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
+      }
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: base, name: name, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  computedMember: function(left, right, context, create, expression) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      var rhs;
+      var value;
+      if (lhs != null) {
+        rhs = right(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        rhs = getStringValue(rhs);
+        ensureSafeMemberName(rhs, expression);
+        if (create && create !== 1 && lhs && !(lhs[rhs])) {
+          lhs[rhs] = {};
+        }
+        value = lhs[rhs];
+        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
+      }
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: rhs, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  nonComputedMember: function(left, right, expensiveChecks, context, create, expression) {
+    return function(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+      var lhs = left(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+      if (create && create !== 1 && lhs && !(lhs[right])) {
+        lhs[right] = {};
+      }
+      var value = lhs != null ? lhs[right] : undefined;
+      if (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(right)) {
+        ensureSafeObject(value, expression);
+      }
+      if (context) {
+        return {context: lhs, name: right, value: value};
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+  },
+  inputs: function(input, watchId) {
+    return function(scope, value, locals, inputs) {
+      if (inputs) return inputs[watchId];
+      return input(scope, value, locals);
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Parser = function(lexer, $filter, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+  this.options = options;
+  this.ast = new AST(this.lexer);
+  this.astCompiler = options.csp ? new ASTInterpreter(this.ast, $filter) :
+                                   new ASTCompiler(this.ast, $filter);
+};
+
+Parser.prototype = {
+  constructor: Parser,
+
+  parse: function(text) {
+    return this.astCompiler.compile(text, this.options.expensiveChecks);
+  }
+};
+
+var getterFnCacheDefault = createMap();
+var getterFnCacheExpensive = createMap();
+
+function isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(name) {
+  return name == 'constructor';
+}
+
+var objectValueOf = Object.prototype.valueOf;
+
+function getValueOf(value) {
+  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $parse
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
+ *   var setter = getter.assign;
+ *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
+ *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ *
+ *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
+ *   setter(context, 'newValue');
+ *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
+ *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+ * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ *
+ *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+ *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+ *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+ *      `context`.
+ *
+ *    The returned function also has the following properties:
+ *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
+ *        literal.
+ *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
+ *        constant literals.
+ *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
+ *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $parseProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
+ *  service.
+ */
+function $ParseProvider() {
+  var cacheDefault = createMap();
+  var cacheExpensive = createMap();
+
+  this.$get = ['$filter', function($filter) {
+    var noUnsafeEval = csp().noUnsafeEval;
+    var $parseOptions = {
+          csp: noUnsafeEval,
+          expensiveChecks: false
+        },
+        $parseOptionsExpensive = {
+          csp: noUnsafeEval,
+          expensiveChecks: true
+        };
+
+    return function $parse(exp, interceptorFn, expensiveChecks) {
+      var parsedExpression, oneTime, cacheKey;
+
+      switch (typeof exp) {
+        case 'string':
+          exp = exp.trim();
+          cacheKey = exp;
+
+          var cache = (expensiveChecks ? cacheExpensive : cacheDefault);
+          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
+
+          if (!parsedExpression) {
+            if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
+              oneTime = true;
+              exp = exp.substring(2);
+            }
+            var parseOptions = expensiveChecks ? $parseOptionsExpensive : $parseOptions;
+            var lexer = new Lexer(parseOptions);
+            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, parseOptions);
+            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
+            if (parsedExpression.constant) {
+              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
+            } else if (oneTime) {
+              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.literal ?
+                  oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate : oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+            } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
+              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
+            }
+            cache[cacheKey] = parsedExpression;
+          }
+          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
+
+        case 'function':
+          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
+
+        default:
+          return noop;
+      }
+    };
+
+    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue) {
+
+      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
+        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
+      }
+
+      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
+
+        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
+        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
+        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
+        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
+
+        if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
+          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
+      }
+
+      //Primitive or NaN
+      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
+    }
+
+    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression, prettyPrintExpression) {
+      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.inputs;
+      var lastResult;
+
+      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
+        var oldInputValueOf = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
+        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
+          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOf)) {
+            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, [newInputValue]);
+            oldInputValueOf = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+          return lastResult;
+        }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+      }
+
+      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
+      var oldInputValues = [];
+      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        oldInputValues[i] = null;
+      }
+
+      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
+        var changed = false;
+
+        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
+          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i]))) {
+            oldInputValues[i] = newInputValue;
+            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (changed) {
+          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope, undefined, undefined, oldInputValues);
+        }
+
+        return lastResult;
+      }, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression);
+    }
+
+    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
+      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
+        lastValue = value;
+        if (isFunction(listener)) {
+          listener.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+            if (isDefined(lastValue)) {
+              unwatch();
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }, objectEquality);
+    }
+
+    function oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
+      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
+        lastValue = value;
+        if (isFunction(listener)) {
+          listener.call(this, value, old, scope);
+        }
+        if (isAllDefined(value)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+            if (isAllDefined(lastValue)) unwatch();
+          });
+        }
+      }, objectEquality);
+
+      function isAllDefined(value) {
+        var allDefined = true;
+        forEach(value, function(val) {
+          if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
+        });
+        return allDefined;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch;
+      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, function constantListener(value, old, scope) {
+        if (isFunction(listener)) {
+          listener.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+        unwatch();
+      }, objectEquality);
+    }
+
+    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
+      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
+      var watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
+
+      var regularWatch =
+          watchDelegate !== oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate &&
+          watchDelegate !== oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+
+      var fn = regularWatch ? function regularInterceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        return interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
+      } : function oneTimeInterceptedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs) {
+        var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals, assign, inputs);
+        var result = interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
+        // we only return the interceptor's result if the
+        // initial value is defined (for bind-once)
+        return isDefined(value) ? result : value;
+      };
+
+      // Propagate $$watchDelegates other then inputsWatchDelegate
+      if (parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate &&
+          parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate !== inputsWatchDelegate) {
+        fn.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
+      } else if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
+        // If there is an interceptor, but no watchDelegate then treat the interceptor like
+        // we treat filters - it is assumed to be a pure function unless flagged with $stateful
+        fn.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
+        fn.inputs = parsedExpression.inputs ? parsedExpression.inputs : [parsedExpression];
+      }
+
+      return fn;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $q
+ * @requires $rootScope
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
+ * when they are done processing.
+ *
+ * This is an implementation of promises/deferred objects inspired by
+ * [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
+ *
+ * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
+ * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 promises to some degree.
+ *
+ * # $q constructor
+ *
+ * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
+ * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6 Harmony,
+ * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
+ *
+ * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 Harmony promises are
+ * available yet.
+ *
+ * It can be used like so:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
+ *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
+ *       setTimeout(function() {
+ *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *         } else {
+ *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *         }
+ *       }, 1000);
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
+ *
+ * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
+ *
+ * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
+ * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
+ * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
+ *
+ * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
+ * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *
+ *     setTimeout(function() {
+ *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
+ *
+ *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *       } else {
+ *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *       }
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *
+ *     return deferred.promise;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   }, function(update) {
+ *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
+ * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
+ * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
+ *
+ * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
+ * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
+ * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
+ * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
+ *
+ * # The Deferred API
+ *
+ * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
+ * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
+ * of the task.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
+ *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
+ * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
+ *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
+ * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
+ *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ * **Properties**
+ *
+ * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
+ *
+ *
+ * # The Promise API
+ *
+ * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
+ * calling `deferred.promise`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
+ * of the deferred task when it completes.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `then(successCallback, errorCallback, notifyCallback)` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
+ *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
+ *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
+ *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
+ *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback` (unless that value is a promise, in which case it is resolved
+ *   with the value which is resolved in that promise using
+ *   [promise chaining](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/es6/promises/#toc-promises-queues)).
+ *   It also notifies via the return value of the `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be
+ *   resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback method.
+ *
+ * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
+ *
+ * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
+ *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
+ *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
+ *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
+ *   more information.
+ *
+ * # Chaining promises
+ *
+ * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
+ * possible to create a chain of promises:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+ *     return result + 1;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
+ *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
+ * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
+ * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
+ * $http's response interceptors.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
+ *
+ *  There are two main differences:
+ *
+ * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
+ *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
+ *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
+ * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
+ *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
+ *
+ *  # Testing
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
+ *      var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *      var promise = deferred.promise;
+ *      var resolvedValue;
+ *
+ *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Simulate resolving of promise
+ *      deferred.resolve(123);
+ *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
+ *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
+ *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
+ *      $rootScope.$apply();
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
+ *    }));
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
+ *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
+ *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
+ *
+ * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
+ */
+function $QProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler);
+  }];
+}
+
+function $$QProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $browser.defer(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler);
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a promise manager.
+ *
+ * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
+ * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
+ *     debugging purposes.
+ * @returns {object} Promise manager.
+ */
+function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
+  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
+  function callOnce(self, resolveFn, rejectFn) {
+    var called = false;
+    function wrap(fn) {
+      return function(value) {
+        if (called) return;
+        called = true;
+        fn.call(self, value);
+      };
+    }
+
+    return [wrap(resolveFn), wrap(rejectFn)];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$q#defer
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   *
+   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   */
+  var defer = function() {
+    return new Deferred();
+  };
+
+  function Promise() {
+    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
+  }
+
+  extend(Promise.prototype, {
+    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
+      if (isUndefined(onFulfilled) && isUndefined(onRejected) && isUndefined(progressBack)) {
+        return this;
+      }
+      var result = new Deferred();
+
+      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
+      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
+      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
+
+      return result.promise;
+    },
+
+    "catch": function(callback) {
+      return this.then(null, callback);
+    },
+
+    "finally": function(callback, progressBack) {
+      return this.then(function(value) {
+        return handleCallback(value, true, callback);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return handleCallback(error, false, callback);
+      }, progressBack);
+    }
+  });
+
+  //Faster, more basic than angular.bind http://jsperf.com/angular-bind-vs-custom-vs-native
+  function simpleBind(context, fn) {
+    return function(value) {
+      fn.call(context, value);
+    };
+  }
+
+  function processQueue(state) {
+    var fn, deferred, pending;
+
+    pending = state.pending;
+    state.processScheduled = false;
+    state.pending = undefined;
+    for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+      deferred = pending[i][0];
+      fn = pending[i][state.status];
+      try {
+        if (isFunction(fn)) {
+          deferred.resolve(fn(state.value));
+        } else if (state.status === 1) {
+          deferred.resolve(state.value);
+        } else {
+          deferred.reject(state.value);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        deferred.reject(e);
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
+    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
+    state.processScheduled = true;
+    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
+  }
+
+  function Deferred() {
+    this.promise = new Promise();
+    //Necessary to support unbound execution :/
+    this.resolve = simpleBind(this, this.resolve);
+    this.reject = simpleBind(this, this.reject);
+    this.notify = simpleBind(this, this.notify);
+  }
+
+  extend(Deferred.prototype, {
+    resolve: function(val) {
+      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
+      if (val === this.promise) {
+        this.$$reject($qMinErr(
+          'qcycle',
+          "Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself '{0}'",
+          val));
+      } else {
+        this.$$resolve(val);
+      }
+
+    },
+
+    $$resolve: function(val) {
+      var then, fns;
+
+      fns = callOnce(this, this.$$resolve, this.$$reject);
+      try {
+        if ((isObject(val) || isFunction(val))) then = val && val.then;
+        if (isFunction(then)) {
+          this.promise.$$state.status = -1;
+          then.call(val, fns[0], fns[1], this.notify);
+        } else {
+          this.promise.$$state.value = val;
+          this.promise.$$state.status = 1;
+          scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        fns[1](e);
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    },
+
+    reject: function(reason) {
+      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
+      this.$$reject(reason);
+    },
+
+    $$reject: function(reason) {
+      this.promise.$$state.value = reason;
+      this.promise.$$state.status = 2;
+      scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
+    },
+
+    notify: function(progress) {
+      var callbacks = this.promise.$$state.pending;
+
+      if ((this.promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
+        nextTick(function() {
+          var callback, result;
+          for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            result = callbacks[i][0];
+            callback = callbacks[i][3];
+            try {
+              result.notify(isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
+            } catch (e) {
+              exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#reject
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
+   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
+   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
+   *
+   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
+   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
+   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
+   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
+   * `reject`.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
+   *     //          with the old or a new result
+   *     return result;
+   *   }, function(reason) {
+   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
+   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
+   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
+   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
+   *      // handle the error and recover
+   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
+   *     }
+   *     return $q.reject(reason);
+   *   });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
+   */
+  var reject = function(reason) {
+    var result = new Deferred();
+    result.reject(reason);
+    return result.promise;
+  };
+
+  var makePromise = function makePromise(value, resolved) {
+    var result = new Deferred();
+    if (resolved) {
+      result.resolve(value);
+    } else {
+      result.reject(value);
+    }
+    return result.promise;
+  };
+
+  var handleCallback = function handleCallback(value, isResolved, callback) {
+    var callbackOutput = null;
+    try {
+      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return makePromise(e, false);
+    }
+    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
+      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
+        return makePromise(value, isResolved);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return makePromise(error, false);
+      });
+    } else {
+      return makePromise(value, isResolved);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#when
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
+   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
+   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+
+
+  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
+    var result = new Deferred();
+    result.resolve(value);
+    return result.promise.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#resolve
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Alias of {@link ng.$q#when when} to maintain naming consistency with ES6.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @param {Function=} successCallback
+   * @param {Function=} errorCallback
+   * @param {Function=} progressCallback
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+  var resolve = when;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#all
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
+   * promises are resolved.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
+   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
+   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
+   *   with the same rejection value.
+   */
+
+  function all(promises) {
+    var deferred = new Deferred(),
+        counter = 0,
+        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
+      counter++;
+      when(promise).then(function(value) {
+        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
+        results[key] = value;
+        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
+        deferred.reject(reason);
+      });
+    });
+
+    if (counter === 0) {
+      deferred.resolve(results);
+    }
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  var $Q = function Q(resolver) {
+    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
+      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', "Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'", resolver);
+    }
+
+    if (!(this instanceof Q)) {
+      // More useful when $Q is the Promise itself.
+      return new Q(resolver);
+    }
+
+    var deferred = new Deferred();
+
+    function resolveFn(value) {
+      deferred.resolve(value);
+    }
+
+    function rejectFn(reason) {
+      deferred.reject(reason);
+    }
+
+    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  };
+
+  $Q.defer = defer;
+  $Q.reject = reject;
+  $Q.when = when;
+  $Q.resolve = resolve;
+  $Q.all = all;
+
+  return $Q;
+}
+
+function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
+    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
+                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
+    var raf = rafSupported
+      ? function(fn) {
+          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
+          return function() {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
+          };
+        }
+      : function(fn) {
+          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
+          return function() {
+            $timeout.cancel(timer);
+          };
+        };
+
+    raf.supported = rafSupported;
+
+    return raf;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * DESIGN NOTES
+ *
+ * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ *
+ * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
+ * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ *
+ * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
+ *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
+ *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
+ *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ *
+ * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
+ *   - this means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
+ *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
+ *
+ * Child scopes are created and removed often
+ *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in middle are expensive so we use linked list
+ *
+ * There are few watches then a lot of observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be
+ * implemented in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of initialization function which
+ * are expensive to construct.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Provider for the $rootScope service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
+ * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ *
+ * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ *
+ * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
+ * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
+ * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
+ * continuously change during the digest.
+ *
+ * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
+ * proper justification.
+ *
+ * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootScope
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+ * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
+ * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
+ * They also provide an event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
+ * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
+ */
+function $RootScopeProvider() {
+  var TTL = 10;
+  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
+  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
+  var applyAsyncId = null;
+
+  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
+    }
+    return TTL;
+  };
+
+  function createChildScopeClass(parent) {
+    function ChildScope() {
+      this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
+          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$ChildScope = null;
+    }
+    ChildScope.prototype = parent;
+    return ChildScope;
+  }
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
+      function($injector, $exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
+
+    function destroyChildScope($event) {
+        $event.currentScope.$$destroyed = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc type
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
+     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
+     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
+     * compiled HTML template is executed.) See also the {@link guide/scope Scopes guide} for
+     * an in-depth introduction and usage examples.
+     *
+     *
+     * # Inheritance
+     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
+     * ```js
+         var parent = $rootScope;
+         var child = parent.$new();
+
+         parent.salutation = "Hello";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+
+         child.salutation = "Welcome";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
+         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
+     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
+     * details.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
+     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
+     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
+     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
+     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
+     *                              service.
+     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
+     *
+     */
+    function Scope() {
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
+                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
+                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$root = this;
+      this.$$destroyed = false;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$watchersCount = 0;
+      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
+     */
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc property
+      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Reference to the parent scope.
+      */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc property
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Reference to the root scope.
+       */
+
+    Scope.prototype = {
+      constructor: Scope,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+       *
+       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
+       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
+       *
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
+       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
+       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
+       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
+       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
+       *         state.
+       *
+       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
+       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
+       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
+       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
+       *                              inheritance.
+       *
+       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
+       *
+       */
+      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
+        var child;
+
+        parent = parent || this;
+
+        if (isolate) {
+          child = new Scope();
+          child.$root = this.$root;
+        } else {
+          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
+          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
+          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
+            this.$$ChildScope = createChildScopeClass(this);
+          }
+          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
+        }
+        child.$parent = parent;
+        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
+        if (parent.$$childHead) {
+          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
+          parent.$$childTail = child;
+        } else {
+          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
+        }
+
+        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
+        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
+        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
+        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
+        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
+        if (isolate || parent != this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChildScope);
+
+        return child;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (`watchExpression` should not change
+       *   its value when executed multiple times with the same input because it may be executed multiple
+       *   times by {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()}. That is, `watchExpression` should be
+       *   [idempotent](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence).
+       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
+       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
+       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
+       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
+       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
+       *   (see next point)
+       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
+       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
+       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
+       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
+       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
+       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
+       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
+       *
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Be prepared for
+       * multiple calls to your `watchExpression` because it will execute multiple times in a
+       * single {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle if a change is detected.)
+       *
+       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
+       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
+       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
+       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
+       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
+       * listener was called due to initialization.
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
+           var scope = $rootScope;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+
+
+
+           // Using a function as a watchExpression
+           var food;
+           scope.foodCounter = 0;
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch(
+             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
+             function() { return food; },
+             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
+             function(newValue, oldValue) {
+               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
+                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
+                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
+               }
+             }
+           );
+           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
+           food = 'cheeseburger';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
+
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
+       *    a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
+       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
+       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
+       * @param {boolean=} objectEquality Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
+       *     comparing for reference equality.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, prettyPrintExpression) {
+        var get = $parse(watchExp);
+
+        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
+          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, listener, objectEquality, get, watchExp);
+        }
+        var scope = this,
+            array = scope.$$watchers,
+            watcher = {
+              fn: listener,
+              last: initWatchVal,
+              get: get,
+              exp: prettyPrintExpression || watchExp,
+              eq: !!objectEquality
+            };
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
+          watcher.fn = noop;
+        }
+
+        if (!array) {
+          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
+        }
+        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
+        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
+        array.unshift(watcher);
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, 1);
+
+        return function deregisterWatch() {
+          if (arrayRemove(array, watcher) >= 0) {
+            incrementWatchersCount(scope, -1);
+          }
+          lastDirtyWatch = null;
+        };
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
+       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
+       *
+       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via standard $watch operation and are examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items changes.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
+       *
+       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
+       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
+       *
+       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
+       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
+       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
+       */
+      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
+        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var deregisterFns = [];
+        var self = this;
+        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
+        var firstRun = true;
+
+        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
+          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
+          var shouldCall = true;
+          self.$evalAsync(function() {
+            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          });
+          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+            shouldCall = false;
+          };
+        }
+
+        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
+          // Special case size of one
+          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
+            newValues[0] = value;
+            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
+            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
+          });
+        }
+
+        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
+          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value, oldValue) {
+            newValues[i] = value;
+            oldValues[i] = oldValue;
+            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
+              changeReactionScheduled = true;
+              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
+            }
+          });
+          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
+        });
+
+        function watchGroupAction() {
+          changeReactionScheduled = false;
+
+          if (firstRun) {
+            firstRun = false;
+            listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
+          }
+        }
+
+        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+          while (deregisterFns.length) {
+            deregisterFns.shift()();
+          }
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
+       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
+       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
+       *
+       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
+       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
+       *
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
+          $scope.dataCount = 4;
+
+          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
+            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
+          });
+
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //still at 4 ... no changes
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+
+          $scope.names.pop();
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //now there's been a change
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
+       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
+       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
+       *    when a change is detected.
+       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
+       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
+       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
+       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
+       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
+       *
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
+       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
+       */
+      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = true;
+
+        var self = this;
+        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
+        var newValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
+        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
+        var oldValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
+        var veryOldValue;
+        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
+        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
+        var changeDetected = 0;
+        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
+        var internalArray = [];
+        var internalObject = {};
+        var initRun = true;
+        var oldLength = 0;
+
+        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
+          newValue = _value;
+          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
+
+          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
+          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
+
+          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
+            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
+              oldValue = newValue;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
+              oldValue = internalArray;
+              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+
+            newLength = newValue.length;
+
+            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
+              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
+              changeDetected++;
+              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
+              oldItem = oldValue[i];
+              newItem = newValue[i];
+
+              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                changeDetected++;
+                oldValue[i] = newItem;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
+              oldValue = internalObject = {};
+              oldLength = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            newLength = 0;
+            for (key in newValue) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                newLength++;
+                newItem = newValue[key];
+                oldItem = oldValue[key];
+
+                if (key in oldValue) {
+                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                    changeDetected++;
+                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  oldLength++;
+                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  changeDetected++;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (oldLength > newLength) {
+              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
+              changeDetected++;
+              for (key in oldValue) {
+                if (!hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  oldLength--;
+                  delete oldValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return changeDetected;
+        }
+
+        function $watchCollectionAction() {
+          if (initRun) {
+            initRun = false;
+            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
+          }
+
+          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
+          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
+            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
+              //primitive
+              veryOldValue = newValue;
+            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
+              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
+                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
+              }
+            } else { // if object
+              veryOldValue = {};
+              for (var key in newValue) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
+       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
+       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
+       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
+       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
+       * iterations exceeds 10.
+       *
+       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
+       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
+       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
+       *
+       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ...;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+       * ```
+       *
+       */
+      $digest: function() {
+        var watch, value, last,
+            watchers,
+            length,
+            dirty, ttl = TTL,
+            next, current, target = this,
+            watchLog = [],
+            logIdx, logMsg, asyncTask;
+
+        beginPhase('$digest');
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
+
+        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
+          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
+          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
+          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
+          flushApplyAsync();
+        }
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        do { // "while dirty" loop
+          dirty = false;
+          current = target;
+
+          while (asyncQueue.length) {
+            try {
+              asyncTask = asyncQueue.shift();
+              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression, asyncTask.locals);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+            lastDirtyWatch = null;
+          }
+
+          traverseScopesLoop:
+          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
+            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
+              // process our watches
+              length = watchers.length;
+              while (length--) {
+                try {
+                  watch = watchers[length];
+                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
+                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
+                  if (watch) {
+                    if ((value = watch.get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
+                        !(watch.eq
+                            ? equals(value, last)
+                            : (typeof value === 'number' && typeof last === 'number'
+                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
+                      dirty = true;
+                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
+                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
+                      watch.fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
+                      if (ttl < 5) {
+                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
+                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
+                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
+                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
+                          newVal: value,
+                          oldVal: last
+                        });
+                      }
+                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
+                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
+                      // have already been tested.
+                      dirty = false;
+                      break traverseScopesLoop;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } catch (e) {
+                  $exceptionHandler(e);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
+            if (!(next = ((current.$$watchersCount && current.$$childHead) ||
+                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+                current = current.$parent;
+              }
+            }
+          } while ((current = next));
+
+          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
+
+          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
+            clearPhase();
+            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
+                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
+                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
+                TTL, watchLog);
+          }
+
+        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
+
+        clearPhase();
+
+        while (postDigestQueue.length) {
+          try {
+            postDigestQueue.shift()();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
+       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
+       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
+       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
+       *
+       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
+       * unrolling of the loop.
+       *
+       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
+       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
+       * perform any necessary cleanup.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+      $destroy: function() {
+        // We can't destroy a scope that has been already destroyed.
+        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
+        var parent = this.$parent;
+
+        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
+        this.$$destroyed = true;
+
+        if (this === $rootScope) {
+          //Remove handlers attached to window when $rootScope is removed
+          $browser.$$applicationDestroyed();
+        }
+
+        incrementWatchersCount(this, -this.$$watchersCount);
+        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
+          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
+        }
+
+        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
+        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
+        if (parent && parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (parent && parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
+        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
+
+        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
+        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
+        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
+        this.$$listeners = {};
+
+        // All of the code below is bogus code that works around V8's memory leak via optimized code
+        // and inline caches.
+        //
+        // see:
+        // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
+        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
+        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
+
+        this.$parent = this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling = this.$$childHead =
+            this.$$childTail = this.$root = this.$$watchers = null;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
+       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
+       * expressions.
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
+           scope.a = 1;
+           scope.b = 2;
+
+           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
+           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
+        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
+       *
+       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
+       * that:
+       *
+       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
+       *     rendering).
+       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
+       *     `expression` execution.
+       *
+       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
+       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
+       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       */
+      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
+        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
+        // task also schedule async auto-flush
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
+          $browser.defer(function() {
+            if (asyncQueue.length) {
+              $rootScope.$digest();
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: expr, locals: locals});
+      },
+
+      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
+        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
+       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
+       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
+       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
+       *
+       * ## Life cycle
+       *
+       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
+       * ```js
+           function $apply(expr) {
+             try {
+               return $eval(expr);
+             } catch (e) {
+               $exceptionHandler(e);
+             } finally {
+               $root.$digest();
+             }
+           }
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
+       *
+       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
+       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
+       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $apply: function(expr) {
+        try {
+          beginPhase('$apply');
+          try {
+            return this.$eval(expr);
+          } finally {
+            clearPhase();
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          try {
+            $rootScope.$digest();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
+       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
+       *
+       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
+       * digest.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       */
+      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
+        var scope = this;
+        expr && applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
+        scheduleApplyAsync();
+
+        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
+          scope.$eval(expr);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
+       * discussion of event life cycle.
+       *
+       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
+       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
+       *
+       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
+       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
+       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
+       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
+       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
+       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
+       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
+       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
+       *     to true.
+       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
+       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $on: function(name, listener) {
+        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
+        if (!namedListeners) {
+          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
+        }
+        namedListeners.push(listener);
+
+        var current = this;
+        do {
+          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
+            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
+          }
+          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
+        } while ((current = current.$parent));
+
+        var self = this;
+        return function() {
+          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
+          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
+            namedListeners[indexOfListener] = null;
+            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
+          }
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
+       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
+       * cancels it.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
+       */
+      $emit: function(name, args) {
+        var empty = [],
+            namedListeners,
+            scope = this,
+            stopPropagation = false,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: scope,
+              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            i, length;
+
+        do {
+          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
+          event.currentScope = scope;
+          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
+              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+            try {
+              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
+              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
+          if (stopPropagation) {
+            event.currentScope = null;
+            return event;
+          }
+          //traverse upwards
+          scope = scope.$parent;
+        } while (scope);
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+
+        return event;
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
+       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
+       */
+      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
+        var target = this,
+            current = target,
+            next = target,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: target,
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            };
+
+        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
+
+        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            listeners, i, length;
+
+        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
+        while ((current = next)) {
+          event.currentScope = current;
+          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
+          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!listeners[i]) {
+              listeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
+          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount)
+          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
+              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+              current = current.$parent;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+        return event;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var $rootScope = new Scope();
+
+    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
+    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
+    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
+    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
+
+    return $rootScope;
+
+
+    function beginPhase(phase) {
+      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
+    }
+
+    function clearPhase() {
+      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
+    }
+
+    function incrementWatchersCount(current, count) {
+      do {
+        current.$$watchersCount += count;
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
+
+    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
+      do {
+        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
+
+        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
+          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
+        }
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
+     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
+     */
+    function initWatchVal() {}
+
+    function flushApplyAsync() {
+      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
+        try {
+          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+      }
+      applyAsyncId = null;
+    }
+
+    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
+      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
+        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
+          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
+ */
+function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
+  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
+    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
+      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
+      var normalizedVal;
+      normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
+      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
+      }
+      return uri;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ *     Any commits to this file should be reviewed with security in mind.  *
+ *   Changes to this file can potentially create security vulnerabilities. *
+ *          An approval from 2 Core members with history of modifying      *
+ *                         this file is required.                          *
+ *                                                                         *
+ *  Does the change somehow allow for arbitrary javascript to be executed? *
+ *    Or allows for someone to change the prototype of built-in objects?   *
+ *     Or gives undesired access to variables likes document or window?    *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
+
+var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
+  HTML: 'html',
+  CSS: 'css',
+  URL: 'url',
+  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
+  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
+  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
+  JS: 'js'
+};
+
+// Helper functions follow.
+
+function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
+  if (matcher === 'self') {
+    return matcher;
+  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
+    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
+    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
+    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
+    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
+    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
+          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
+    }
+    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
+                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
+                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
+  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
+    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
+    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
+    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
+  } else {
+    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
+        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
+  }
+}
+
+
+function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
+  var adjustedMatchers = [];
+  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
+    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
+      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
+    });
+  }
+  return adjustedMatchers;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sceDelegate
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
+ * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
+ * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
+ * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
+ * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
+ * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
+ *
+ * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
+ * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
+ * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
+ * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
+ * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceDelegateProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
+ * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
+ * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
+ *
+ * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
+ *
+ * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
+ * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
+ *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
+ * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
+ *
+ * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
+ *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
+ *      'self',
+ *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
+ *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
+ *    ]);
+ *
+ *    // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
+ *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
+ *    ]);
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+function $SceDelegateProvider() {
+  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
+
+  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
+  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
+      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
+   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
+   *     changes to the array are ignored.
+   *
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   *     Note: **an empty whitelist array will block all URLs**!
+   *
+   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
+   * same origin resource requests.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
+   */
+  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
+   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
+   *     changes to the array are ignored.
+   *
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   *     The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
+   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
+   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
+   *
+   *     Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
+   * is no blacklist.)
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
+   */
+
+  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+
+    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    };
+
+    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
+      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
+    }
+
+
+    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
+      if (matcher === 'self') {
+        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
+      } else {
+        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
+        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
+      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
+      var i, n, allowed = false;
+      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
+      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
+        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
+          allowed = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allowed) {
+        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
+        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
+          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
+            allowed = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return allowed;
+    }
+
+    function generateHolderType(Base) {
+      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
+        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
+          return trustedValue;
+        };
+      };
+      if (Base) {
+        holderType.prototype = new Base();
+      }
+      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      };
+      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
+      };
+      return holderType;
+    }
+
+    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
+        byType = {};
+
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
+     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src
+     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
+     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
+     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
+     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
+     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
+     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
+     */
+    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
+      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (!Constructor) {
+        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
+            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
+            type, trustedValue);
+      }
+      if (trustedValue === null || isUndefined(trustedValue) || trustedValue === '') {
+        return trustedValue;
+      }
+      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
+      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
+      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
+        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
+            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
+            type);
+      }
+      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
+     *
+     * @description
+     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
+     *
+     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
+     *      call or anything else.
+     * @returns {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
+     *     `value` unchanged.
+     */
+    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      } else {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
+     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
+     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
+     */
+    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted === null || isUndefined(maybeTrusted) || maybeTrusted === '') {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
+      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
+      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
+      // 2. throw an exception.
+      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
+        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
+          return maybeTrusted;
+        } else {
+          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
+              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
+              maybeTrusted.toString());
+        }
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
+        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
+      }
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    }
+
+    return { trustAs: trustAs,
+             getTrusted: getTrusted,
+             valueOf: valueOf };
+  }];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
+ * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
+ * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
+ *
+ * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ */
+
+/* jshint maxlen: false*/
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sce
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * # Strict Contextual Escaping
+ *
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
+ * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
+ * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
+ * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
+ *
+ * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
+ *
+ * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE<11 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE<11 allow
+ * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
+ * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
+ * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
+ * to the top of your HTML document.
+ *
+ * SCE assists in writing code in way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
+ * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
+ *
+ * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <input ng-model="userHtml" aria-label="User input">
+ * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
+ * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
+ * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
+ * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
+ * security vulnerabilities.)
+ *
+ * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
+ * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
+ *
+ * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
+ * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
+ * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
+ * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
+ *
+ * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
+ * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
+ * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
+ * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
+ * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
+ * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
+ * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
+ *
+ * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
+ * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
+ * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## How does it work?
+ *
+ * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
+ * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
+ * {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
+ *
+ * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
+ * simplified):
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+ *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
+ *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
+ *       element.html(value || '');
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ * }];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Impact on loading templates
+ *
+ * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
+ * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
+ *
+ * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
+ * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
+ * protocols, you may either either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
+ * them} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
+ *
+ * *Please note*:
+ * The browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
+ * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
+ * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
+ * browsers.
+ *
+ * ## This feels like too much overhead
+ *
+ * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
+ *
+ * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
+ * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (remember to include the `ngSanitize` module) (e.g.
+ * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
+ *
+ * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
+ * through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
+ *
+ * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
+ * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
+ * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
+ * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
+ *
+ * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
+ * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
+ * security onto an application later.
+ *
+ * <a name="contexts"></a>
+ * ## What trusted context types are supported?
+ *
+ * | Context             | Notes          |
+ * |---------------------|----------------|
+ * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
+ * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't constitute an SCE context. |
+ * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
+ * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ *
+ * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
+ *
+ *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
+ *
+ *  - **'self'**
+ *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
+ *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
+ *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
+ *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
+ *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
+ *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
+ *      match themselves.
+ *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
+ *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and '`;`'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
+ *      in a whitelist.
+ *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
+ *      appropriate for use in a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
+ *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
+ *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
+ *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
+ *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
+ *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
+ *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
+ *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
+ *      have good test coverage).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
+ *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
+ *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
+ *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
+ *      as a last resort.
+ *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
+ *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
+ *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
+ *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
+ *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
+ *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
+ *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
+ *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
+ *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
+ *      enough before coding your own.  E.g. Ruby has
+ *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
+ *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
+ *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
+ *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
+ *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
+ *
+ * ## Show me an example using SCE.
+ *
+ * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
+ *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
+ *     <b>User comments</b><br>
+ *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
+ *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
+ *     exploit.
+ *     <div class="well">
+ *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
+ *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
+ *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
+ *         <br>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="script.js">
+ *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
+ *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
+ *       function($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
+ *         var self = this;
+ *         $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
+ *           self.userComments = userComments;
+ *         });
+ *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
+ *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *       }]);
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="test_data.json">
+ * [
+ *   { "name": "Alice",
+ *     "htmlComment":
+ *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
+ *   },
+ *   { "name": "Bob",
+ *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
+ *   }
+ * ]
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
+ *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getInnerHtml())
+ *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
+ *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
+ *
+ * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
+ * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
+ * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
+ * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
+ * you're migrating them a module at a time.
+ *
+ * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
+ *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
+ *   // Do not use in new projects.
+ *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
+/* jshint maxlen: 100 */
+
+function $SceProvider() {
+  var enabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
+   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
+   */
+  this.enabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enabled = !!value;
+    }
+    return enabled;
+  };
+
+
+  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
+   *
+   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
+   * -------------------------------------
+   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
+   *
+   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
+   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
+   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
+   *
+   * - valueOf(value)
+   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
+   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
+   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
+   *     such a value.
+   *
+   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
+   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
+   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
+   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
+   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
+   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
+   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
+   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
+   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
+   *
+   *
+   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
+   * ------------------------------------------------
+   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
+   * is purely an implementation details.
+   *
+   * The contract is simply this:
+   *
+   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
+   *     will also succeed.
+   *
+   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
+   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
+   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
+                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
+    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
+    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
+    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
+        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
+        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
+        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
+    }
+
+    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#isEnabled
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
+     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
+     */
+    sce.isEnabled = function() {
+      return enabled;
+    };
+    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
+    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
+    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
+
+    if (!enabled) {
+      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
+      sce.valueOf = identity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
+     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
+     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
+     * *result*)}
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
+      var parsed = $parse(expr);
+      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
+        return parsed;
+      } else {
+        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
+          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
+     * returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
+     * escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src attribute
+     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
+     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
+     * escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
+     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
+     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
+     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
+     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
+     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
+     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
+     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
+     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
+     *                         call.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
+     *              {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
+     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    // Shorthand delegations.
+    var parse = sce.parseAs,
+        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
+        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
+
+    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
+      var lName = lowercase(name);
+      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function(expr) {
+        return parse(enumValue, expr);
+      };
+      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
+      };
+      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
+      };
+    });
+
+    return sce;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
+ *
+ * @name $sniffer
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
+ * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
+ * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
+ */
+function $SnifferProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
+    var eventSupport = {},
+        android =
+          toInt((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
+        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
+        document = $document[0] || {},
+        vendorPrefix,
+        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
+        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
+        transitions = false,
+        animations = false,
+        match;
+
+    if (bodyStyle) {
+      for (var prop in bodyStyle) {
+        if (match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
+          vendorPrefix = match[0];
+          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!vendorPrefix) {
+        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
+      }
+
+      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
+      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));
+
+      if (android && (!transitions ||  !animations)) {
+        transitions = isString(bodyStyle.webkitTransition);
+        animations = isString(bodyStyle.webkitAnimation);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    return {
+      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
+      // so let's not use the history API at all.
+      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
+
+      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
+      // so let's not use the history API also
+      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
+      // jshint -W018
+      history: !!($window.history && $window.history.pushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
+      // jshint +W018
+      hasEvent: function(event) {
+        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
+        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
+        // when cut operation is performed.
+        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
+        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
+        if (event === 'input' && msie <= 11) return false;
+
+        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
+          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
+          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
+        }
+
+        return eventSupport[event];
+      },
+      csp: csp(),
+      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
+      transitions: transitions,
+      animations: animations,
+      android: android
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $templateRequest
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `$templateRequest` service runs security checks then downloads the provided template using
+ * `$http` and, upon success, stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request
+ * fails or the response data of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the
+ * exception can be thwarted by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true). Note that the
+ * contents of `$templateCache` are trusted, so the call to `$sce.getTrustedUrl(tpl)` is omitted
+ * when `tpl` is of type string and `$templateCache` has the matching entry.
+ *
+ * @param {string|TrustedResourceUrl} tpl The HTTP request template URL
+ * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
+ *
+ * @return {Promise} a promise for the HTTP response data of the given URL.
+ *
+ * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
+ */
+function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$templateCache', '$http', '$q', '$sce', function($templateCache, $http, $q, $sce) {
+    function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
+      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
+
+      // We consider the template cache holds only trusted templates, so
+      // there's no need to go through whitelisting again for keys that already
+      // are included in there. This also makes Angular accept any script
+      // directive, no matter its name. However, we still need to unwrap trusted
+      // types.
+      if (!isString(tpl) || !$templateCache.get(tpl)) {
+        tpl = $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(tpl);
+      }
+
+      var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
+
+      if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
+        transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
+          return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
+        });
+      } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
+        transformResponse = null;
+      }
+
+      var httpOptions = {
+        cache: $templateCache,
+        transformResponse: transformResponse
+      };
+
+      return $http.get(tpl, httpOptions)
+        ['finally'](function() {
+          handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
+        })
+        .then(function(response) {
+          $templateCache.put(tpl, response.data);
+          return response.data;
+        }, handleError);
+
+      function handleError(resp) {
+        if (!ignoreRequestError) {
+          throw $compileMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0} (HTTP status: {1} {2})',
+            tpl, resp.status, resp.statusText);
+        }
+        return $q.reject(resp);
+      }
+    }
+
+    handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
+
+    return handleRequestFn;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $$TestabilityProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
+
+    /**
+     * @name $testability
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
+     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
+     */
+    var testability = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findBindings
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
+     * to expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
+     */
+    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
+      var matches = [];
+      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
+        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
+        if (dataBinding) {
+          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
+            if (opt_exactMatch) {
+              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
+              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) != -1) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      });
+      return matches;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findModels
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
+     * expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression.
+     */
+    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
+      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
+        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
+        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
+        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
+        if (elements.length) {
+          return elements;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#getLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
+     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
+     */
+    testability.getLocation = function() {
+      return $location.url();
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#setLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
+     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
+     */
+    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
+      if (url !== $location.url()) {
+        $location.url(url);
+        $rootScope.$digest();
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#whenStable
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Calls the callback when $timeout and $http requests are completed.
+     *
+     * @param {function} callback
+     */
+    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
+      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
+    };
+
+    return testability;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $TimeoutProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
+
+    var deferreds = {};
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc service
+      * @name $timeout
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
+      * block and delegates any exceptions to
+      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+      *
+      * The return value of calling `$timeout` is a promise, which will be resolved when
+      * the delay has passed and the timeout function, if provided, is executed.
+      *
+      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
+      *
+      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
+      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
+      *
+      * If you only want a promise that will be resolved after some specified delay
+      * then you can call `$timeout` without the `fn` function.
+      *
+      * @param {function()=} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
+      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
+      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+      * @param {...*=} Pass additional parameters to the executed function.
+      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The value this
+      *   promise will be resolved with is the return value of the `fn` function.
+      *
+      */
+    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
+      if (!isFunction(fn)) {
+        invokeApply = delay;
+        delay = fn;
+        fn = noop;
+      }
+
+      var args = sliceArgs(arguments, 3),
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          timeoutId;
+
+      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
+        try {
+          deferred.resolve(fn.apply(null, args));
+        } catch (e) {
+          deferred.reject(e);
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+        finally {
+          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }, delay);
+
+      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
+      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $timeout#cancel
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
+      * resolved with a rejection.
+      *
+      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
+      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+      *   canceled.
+      */
+    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
+        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
+        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return timeout;
+  }];
+}
+
+// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
+// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
+// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
+// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
+// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
+// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
+// service.
+var urlParsingNode = document.createElement("a");
+var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
+ * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
+ * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
+ * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
+ * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
+ * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
+ * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for IE
+ * ---------------------------
+ * IE <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
+ * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
+ * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
+ * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
+ * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
+ * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
+ *
+ * References:
+ *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
+ *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+ *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
+ *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
+ *
+ * @kind function
+ * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
+ * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
+ * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
+ *
+ *   | member name   | Description    |
+ *   |---------------|----------------|
+ *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
+ *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
+ *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
+ *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
+ *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
+ *   | hostname      | The hostname
+ *   | port          | The port, without ":"
+ *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
+ *
+ */
+function urlResolve(url) {
+  var href = url;
+
+  if (msie) {
+    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
+    // done in two steps on IE.
+    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
+    href = urlParsingNode.href;
+  }
+
+  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+
+  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+  return {
+    href: urlParsingNode.href,
+    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+    host: urlParsingNode.host,
+    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
+    port: urlParsingNode.port,
+    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
+      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
+      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
+  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
+  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
+          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
+ * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
+ * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
+ * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
+ *
+ * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
+ * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
+ * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
+ * expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="windowExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('windowExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
+             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
+             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
+               $window.alert(greeting);
+             };
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" aria-label="greeting" />
+         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
+       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
+       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
+       // element(':button').click();
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $WindowProvider() {
+  this.$get = valueFn(window);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name $$cookieReader
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is a private service for reading cookies used by $http and ngCookies
+ *
+ * @return {Object} a key/value map of the current cookies
+ */
+function $$CookieReader($document) {
+  var rawDocument = $document[0] || {};
+  var lastCookies = {};
+  var lastCookieString = '';
+
+  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(str);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return str;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return function() {
+    var cookieArray, cookie, i, index, name;
+    var currentCookieString = rawDocument.cookie || '';
+
+    if (currentCookieString !== lastCookieString) {
+      lastCookieString = currentCookieString;
+      cookieArray = lastCookieString.split('; ');
+      lastCookies = {};
+
+      for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
+        cookie = cookieArray[i];
+        index = cookie.indexOf('=');
+        if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
+          name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
+          // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
+          // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
+          // follow are for less specific paths.
+          if (isUndefined(lastCookies[name])) {
+            lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return lastCookies;
+  };
+}
+
+$$CookieReader.$inject = ['$document'];
+
+function $$CookieReaderProvider() {
+  this.$get = $$CookieReader;
+}
+
+/* global currencyFilter: true,
+ dateFilter: true,
+ filterFilter: true,
+ jsonFilter: true,
+ limitToFilter: true,
+ lowercaseFilter: true,
+ numberFilter: true,
+ orderByFilter: true,
+ uppercaseFilter: true,
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $filterProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
+ * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
+ * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+ * Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+ * your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+ * (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // Filter registration
+ *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
+ *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
+ *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
+ *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // register a filter factory which uses the
+ *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
+ *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
+ *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
+ *       // to generate salutation
+ *       return function(text) {
+ *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
+ *         return text && greet(text) || text;
+ *       };
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
+ * `Filter`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
+ *     function($filterProvider) {
+ *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
+ *         return ...;
+ *       });
+ *     },
+ *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
+ *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
+ *     });
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
+ * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $filter
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
+ *
+ * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
+ *
+ *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
+ *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
+ * @return {Function} the filter function
+ * @example
+   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
+        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('filterExample', [])
+      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
+        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
+        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+  */
+$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
+function $FilterProvider($provide) {
+  var suffix = 'Filter';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $filterProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
+   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
+   *
+   *    <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   *    **Note:** Filter names must be valid angular {@link expression} identifiers, such as `uppercase` or `orderBy`.
+   *    Names with special characters, such as hyphens and dots, are not allowed. If you wish to namespace
+   *    your filters, then you can use capitalization (`myappSubsectionFilterx`) or underscores
+   *    (`myapp_subsection_filterx`).
+   *    </div>
+    * @param {Function} factory If the first argument was a string, a factory function for the filter to be registered.
+   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
+   *    of the registered filter instances.
+   */
+  function register(name, factory) {
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      var filters = {};
+      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
+        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
+      });
+      return filters;
+    } else {
+      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
+    }
+  }
+  this.register = register;
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+    return function(name) {
+      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
+    };
+  }];
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /* global
+    currencyFilter: false,
+    dateFilter: false,
+    filterFilter: false,
+    jsonFilter: false,
+    limitToFilter: false,
+    lowercaseFilter: false,
+    numberFilter: false,
+    orderByFilter: false,
+    uppercaseFilter: false,
+  */
+
+  register('currency', currencyFilter);
+  register('date', dateFilter);
+  register('filter', filterFilter);
+  register('json', jsonFilter);
+  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
+  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
+  register('number', numberFilter);
+  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
+  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name filter
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The source array.
+ * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
+ *   `array`.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
+ *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
+ *     applies to nested object properties.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
+ *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
+ *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
+ *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
+ *     property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the simple
+ *     substring match with a `string` as described above. The predicate can be negated by prefixing
+ *     the string with `!`.
+ *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
+ *     not containing "M".
+ *
+ *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
+ *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
+ *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
+ *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
+ *
+ *   - `function(value, index, array)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters.
+ *     The function is called for each element of the array, with the element, its index, and
+ *     the entire array itself as arguments.
+ *
+ *     The final result is an array of those elements that the predicate returned true for.
+ *
+ * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
+ *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
+ *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
+ *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
+ *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
+ *
+ *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
+ *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
+ *
+ *   - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
+ *     insensitive way.
+ *
+ *     Primitive values are converted to strings. Objects are not compared against primitives,
+ *     unless they have a custom `toString` method (e.g. `Date` objects).
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
+                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
+                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
+                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
+                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
+                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
+
+       <label>Search: <input ng-model="searchText"></label>
+       <table id="searchTextResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       <hr>
+       <label>Any: <input ng-model="search.$"></label> <br>
+       <label>Name only <input ng-model="search.name"></label><br>
+       <label>Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"></label><br>
+       <label>Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"></label><br>
+       <table id="searchObjResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
+           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
+         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
+           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
+             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
+           });
+         });
+       };
+
+       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
+         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('m');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
+
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('76');
+         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
+       });
+
+       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
+         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
+         searchAny.clear();
+         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
+         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
+         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
+         searchName.clear();
+         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
+         strict.click();
+         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function filterFilter() {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator) {
+    if (!isArrayLike(array)) {
+      if (array == null) {
+        return array;
+      } else {
+        throw minErr('filter')('notarray', 'Expected array but received: {0}', array);
+      }
+    }
+
+    var expressionType = getTypeForFilter(expression);
+    var predicateFn;
+    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
+
+    switch (expressionType) {
+      case 'function':
+        predicateFn = expression;
+        break;
+      case 'boolean':
+      case 'null':
+      case 'number':
+      case 'string':
+        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
+        //jshint -W086
+      case 'object':
+        //jshint +W086
+        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+        break;
+      default:
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    return Array.prototype.filter.call(array, predicateFn);
+  };
+}
+
+// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
+function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && ('$' in expression);
+  var predicateFn;
+
+  if (comparator === true) {
+    comparator = equals;
+  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
+    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
+      if (isUndefined(actual)) {
+        // No substring matching against `undefined`
+        return false;
+      }
+      if ((actual === null) || (expected === null)) {
+        // No substring matching against `null`; only match against `null`
+        return actual === expected;
+      }
+      if (isObject(expected) || (isObject(actual) && !hasCustomToString(actual))) {
+        // Should not compare primitives against objects, unless they have custom `toString` method
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
+      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
+      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
+    };
+  }
+
+  predicateFn = function(item) {
+    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expression.$, comparator, false);
+    }
+    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  };
+
+  return predicateFn;
+}
+
+function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
+  var actualType = getTypeForFilter(actual);
+  var expectedType = getTypeForFilter(expected);
+
+  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
+    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
+    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
+    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
+    return actual.some(function(item) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+    });
+  }
+
+  switch (actualType) {
+    case 'object':
+      var key;
+      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+        for (key in actual) {
+          if ((key.charAt(0) !== '$') && deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, true)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, false);
+      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
+        for (key in expected) {
+          var expectedVal = expected[key];
+          if (isFunction(expectedVal) || isUndefined(expectedVal)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          var matchAnyProperty = key === '$';
+          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
+          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return comparator(actual, expected);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'function':
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return comparator(actual, expected);
+  }
+}
+
+// Used for easily differentiating between `null` and actual `object`
+function getTypeForFilter(val) {
+  return (val === null) ? 'null' : typeof val;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name currency
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
+ * symbol for current locale is used.
+ *
+ * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
+ * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
+ * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
+ * @returns {string} Formatted number.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="currencyExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="number" ng-model="amount" aria-label="amount"> <br>
+         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
+         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span>
+         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
+       });
+       it('should update', function() {
+         if (browser.params.browser == 'safari') {
+           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
+           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
+           return;
+         }
+         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
+         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('-$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234.00');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('-USD$1,234');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function currencyFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
+    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
+      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
+    }
+
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
+    }
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (amount == null)
+        ? amount
+        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
+            replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name number
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as text.
+ *
+ * If the input is null or undefined, it will just be returned.
+ * If the input is infinite (Infinity/-Infinity) the Infinity symbol '∞' is returned.
+ * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
+ * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
+ * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
+ * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
+ * @returns {string} Number rounded to decimalPlaces and places a “,” after each third digit.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="numberFilterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>Enter number: <input ng-model='val'></label><br>
+         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
+         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
+         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format numbers', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
+       });
+
+       it('should update', function() {
+         element(by.model('val')).clear();
+         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function numberFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(number, fractionSize) {
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (number == null)
+        ? number
+        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
+                       fractionSize);
+  };
+}
+
+var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
+function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
+  if (isObject(number)) return '';
+
+  var isNegative = number < 0;
+  number = Math.abs(number);
+
+  var isInfinity = number === Infinity;
+  if (!isInfinity && !isFinite(number)) return '';
+
+  var numStr = number + '',
+      formatedText = '',
+      hasExponent = false,
+      parts = [];
+
+  if (isInfinity) formatedText = '\u221e';
+
+  if (!isInfinity && numStr.indexOf('e') !== -1) {
+    var match = numStr.match(/([\d\.]+)e(-?)(\d+)/);
+    if (match && match[2] == '-' && match[3] > fractionSize + 1) {
+      number = 0;
+    } else {
+      formatedText = numStr;
+      hasExponent = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!isInfinity && !hasExponent) {
+    var fractionLen = (numStr.split(DECIMAL_SEP)[1] || '').length;
+
+    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = Math.min(Math.max(pattern.minFrac, fractionLen), pattern.maxFrac);
+    }
+
+    // safely round numbers in JS without hitting imprecisions of floating-point arithmetics
+    // inspired by:
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/round
+    number = +(Math.round(+(number.toString() + 'e' + fractionSize)).toString() + 'e' + -fractionSize);
+
+    var fraction = ('' + number).split(DECIMAL_SEP);
+    var whole = fraction[0];
+    fraction = fraction[1] || '';
+
+    var i, pos = 0,
+        lgroup = pattern.lgSize,
+        group = pattern.gSize;
+
+    if (whole.length >= (lgroup + group)) {
+      pos = whole.length - lgroup;
+      for (i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
+        if ((pos - i) % group === 0 && i !== 0) {
+          formatedText += groupSep;
+        }
+        formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (i = pos; i < whole.length; i++) {
+      if ((whole.length - i) % lgroup === 0 && i !== 0) {
+        formatedText += groupSep;
+      }
+      formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
+    }
+
+    // format fraction part.
+    while (fraction.length < fractionSize) {
+      fraction += '0';
+    }
+
+    if (fractionSize && fractionSize !== "0") formatedText += decimalSep + fraction.substr(0, fractionSize);
+  } else {
+    if (fractionSize > 0 && number < 1) {
+      formatedText = number.toFixed(fractionSize);
+      number = parseFloat(formatedText);
+      formatedText = formatedText.replace(DECIMAL_SEP, decimalSep);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (number === 0) {
+    isNegative = false;
+  }
+
+  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negPre : pattern.posPre,
+             formatedText,
+             isNegative ? pattern.negSuf : pattern.posSuf);
+  return parts.join('');
+}
+
+function padNumber(num, digits, trim) {
+  var neg = '';
+  if (num < 0) {
+    neg =  '-';
+    num = -num;
+  }
+  num = '' + num;
+  while (num.length < digits) num = '0' + num;
+  if (trim) {
+    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
+  }
+  return neg + num;
+}
+
+
+function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim) {
+  offset = offset || 0;
+  return function(date) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset) {
+      value += offset;
+    }
+    if (value === 0 && offset == -12) value = 12;
+    return padNumber(value, size, trim);
+  };
+}
+
+function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm) {
+  return function(date, formats) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    var get = uppercase(shortForm ? ('SHORT' + name) : name);
+
+    return formats[get][value];
+  };
+}
+
+function timeZoneGetter(date, formats, offset) {
+  var zone = -1 * offset;
+  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";
+
+  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
+                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
+
+  return paddedZone;
+}
+
+function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
+    // 0 = index of January
+    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
+    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
+    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
+    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
+}
+
+function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
+    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
+      // 4 = index of Thursday
+      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
+}
+
+function weekGetter(size) {
+   return function(date) {
+      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
+         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
+
+      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
+         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
+
+      return padNumber(result, size);
+   };
+}
+
+function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
+}
+
+function eraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERAS[0] : formats.ERAS[1];
+}
+
+function longEraGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getFullYear() <= 0 ? formats.ERANAMES[0] : formats.ERANAMES[1];
+}
+
+var DATE_FORMATS = {
+  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4),
+    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true),
+     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1),
+  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
+   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
+    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
+     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
+    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
+     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
+    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
+     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
+    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
+     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
+    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
+     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
+    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
+     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
+     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
+     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
+   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
+  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
+   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
+     a: ampmGetter,
+     Z: timeZoneGetter,
+    ww: weekGetter(2),
+     w: weekGetter(1),
+     G: eraGetter,
+     GG: eraGetter,
+     GGG: eraGetter,
+     GGGG: longEraGetter
+};
+
+var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMdHhmsaZEwG']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|G+|w+))(.*)/,
+    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name date
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
+ *
+ *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
+ *
+ *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
+ *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
+ *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
+ *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
+ *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
+ *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
+ *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
+ *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
+ *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
+ *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
+ *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
+ *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
+ *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
+ *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
+ *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
+ *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
+ *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
+ *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'G'`, `'GG'`, `'GGG'`: The abbreviated form of the era string (e.g. 'AD')
+ *   * `'GGGG'`: The long form of the era string (e.g. 'Anno Domini')
+ *
+ *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
+ *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
+ *
+ *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
+ *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
+ *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
+ *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
+ *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
+ *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
+ *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
+ *
+ * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
+ *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
+ *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
+ *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
+ * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
+ *    `mediumDate` is used.
+ * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. It understands UTC/GMT and the
+ *    continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
+ *    example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
+ *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
+           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format date', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function dateFilter($locale) {
+
+
+  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
+                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
+  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+    var match;
+    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
+      var date = new Date(0),
+          tzHour = 0,
+          tzMin  = 0,
+          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
+          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
+
+      if (match[9]) {
+        tzHour = toInt(match[9] + match[10]);
+        tzMin = toInt(match[9] + match[11]);
+      }
+      dateSetter.call(date, toInt(match[1]), toInt(match[2]) - 1, toInt(match[3]));
+      var h = toInt(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
+      var m = toInt(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
+      var s = toInt(match[6] || 0);
+      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
+      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
+      return date;
+    }
+    return string;
+  }
+
+
+  return function(date, format, timezone) {
+    var text = '',
+        parts = [],
+        fn, match;
+
+    format = format || 'mediumDate';
+    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
+    if (isString(date)) {
+      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? toInt(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
+    }
+
+    if (isNumber(date)) {
+      date = new Date(date);
+    }
+
+    if (!isDate(date) || !isFinite(date.getTime())) {
+      return date;
+    }
+
+    while (format) {
+      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
+      if (match) {
+        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
+        format = parts.pop();
+      } else {
+        parts.push(format);
+        format = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var dateTimezoneOffset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
+    if (timezone) {
+      dateTimezoneOffset = timezoneToOffset(timezone, date.getTimezoneOffset());
+      date = convertTimezoneToLocal(date, timezone, true);
+    }
+    forEach(parts, function(value) {
+      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
+      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS, dateTimezoneOffset)
+                 : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
+    });
+
+    return text;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name json
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
+ *
+ *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
+ *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
+ *
+ * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
+ * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
+ * @returns {string} JSON string.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
+       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
+         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n    "name": ?"value"\n}/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+function jsonFilter() {
+  return function(object, spacing) {
+    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
+        spacing = 2;
+    }
+    return toJson(object, spacing);
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name lowercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to lowercase.
+ * @see angular.lowercase
+ */
+var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name uppercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to uppercase.
+ * @see angular.uppercase
+ */
+var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name limitTo
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements
+ * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. If a number is used as input, it is
+ * converted to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|string|number} input Source array, string or number to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
+ *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
+ *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
+ *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`. If `limit` is undefined,
+ *     the input will be returned unchanged.
+ * @param {(string|number)=} begin Index at which to begin limitation. As a negative index, `begin`
+ *     indicates an offset from the end of `input`. Defaults to `0`.
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if input array
+ *     had less than `limit` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="limitToExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
+             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
+             $scope.numLimit = 3;
+             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
+             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>
+            Limit {{numbers}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{letters}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
+         <label>
+            Limit {{longNumber}} to:
+            <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
+         </label>
+         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
+       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
+       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
+       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
+       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
+       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
+
+       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
+         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
+       });
+
+       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
+       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
+       //   numLimitInput.clear();
+       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
+       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
+       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
+       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
+       // });
+
+       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
+         numLimitInput.clear();
+         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         letterLimitInput.clear();
+         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+*/
+function limitToFilter() {
+  return function(input, limit, begin) {
+    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
+      limit = Number(limit);
+    } else {
+      limit = toInt(limit);
+    }
+    if (isNaN(limit)) return input;
+
+    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
+    if (!isArray(input) && !isString(input)) return input;
+
+    begin = (!begin || isNaN(begin)) ? 0 : toInt(begin);
+    begin = (begin < 0 && begin >= -input.length) ? input.length + begin : begin;
+
+    if (limit >= 0) {
+      return input.slice(begin, begin + limit);
+    } else {
+      if (begin === 0) {
+        return input.slice(limit, input.length);
+      } else {
+        return input.slice(Math.max(0, begin + limit), begin);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name orderBy
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate. It is ordered alphabetically
+ * for strings and numerically for numbers. Note: if you notice numbers are not being sorted
+ * as expected, make sure they are actually being saved as numbers and not strings.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
+ * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>=} expression A predicate to be
+ *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ *
+ *    Can be one of:
+ *
+ *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
+ *      `<`, `===`, `>` operator.
+ *    - `string`: An Angular expression. The result of this expression is used to compare elements
+ *      (for example `name` to sort by a property called `name` or `name.substr(0, 3)` to sort by
+ *      3 first characters of a property called `name`). The result of a constant expression
+ *      is interpreted as a property name to be used in comparisons (for example `"special name"`
+ *      to sort object by the value of their `special name` property). An expression can be
+ *      optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control ascending or descending sort order
+ *      (for example, `+name` or `-name`). If no property is provided, (e.g. `'+'`) then the array
+ *      element itself is used to compare where sorting.
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
+ *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
+ *
+ *    If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order of the array.
+ * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+ * The example below demonstrates a simple ngRepeat, where the data is sorted
+ * by age in descending order (predicate is set to `'-age'`).
+ * `reverse` is not set, which means it defaults to `false`.
+   <example module="orderByExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.friends =
+                 [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
+                  {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
+                  {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
+                  {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
+                  {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}];
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <table class="friend">
+           <tr>
+             <th>Name</th>
+             <th>Phone Number</th>
+             <th>Age</th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:'-age'">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ * The predicate and reverse parameters can be controlled dynamically through scope properties,
+ * as shown in the next example.
+ * @example
+   <example module="orderByExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.friends =
+                 [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
+                  {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
+                  {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
+                  {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
+                  {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}];
+             $scope.predicate = 'age';
+             $scope.reverse = true;
+             $scope.order = function(predicate) {
+               $scope.reverse = ($scope.predicate === predicate) ? !$scope.reverse : false;
+               $scope.predicate = predicate;
+             };
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <style type="text/css">
+         .sortorder:after {
+           content: '\25b2';
+         }
+         .sortorder.reverse:after {
+           content: '\25bc';
+         }
+       </style>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         [ <a href="" ng-click="predicate=''">unsorted</a> ]
+         <table class="friend">
+           <tr>
+             <th>
+               <a href="" ng-click="order('name')">Name</a>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'name'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <a href="" ng-click="order('phone')">Phone Number</a>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'phone'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+             <th>
+               <a href="" ng-click="order('age')">Age</a>
+               <span class="sortorder" ng-show="predicate === 'age'" ng-class="{reverse:reverse}"></span>
+             </th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:predicate:reverse">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ * It's also possible to call the orderBy filter manually, by injecting `$filter`, retrieving the
+ * filter routine with `$filter('orderBy')`, and calling the returned filter routine with the
+ * desired parameters.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="orderByExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <table class="friend">
+          <tr>
+            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=false;order('name', false)">Name</a>
+              (<a href="" ng-click="order('-name',false)">^</a>)</th>
+            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('phone', reverse)">Phone Number</a></th>
+            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('age',reverse)">Age</a></th>
+          </tr>
+          <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+            <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+            <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+          </tr>
+        </table>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$filter', function($scope, $filter) {
+          var orderBy = $filter('orderBy');
+          $scope.friends = [
+            { name: 'John',    phone: '555-1212',    age: 10 },
+            { name: 'Mary',    phone: '555-9876',    age: 19 },
+            { name: 'Mike',    phone: '555-4321',    age: 21 },
+            { name: 'Adam',    phone: '555-5678',    age: 35 },
+            { name: 'Julie',   phone: '555-8765',    age: 29 }
+          ];
+          $scope.order = function(predicate, reverse) {
+            $scope.friends = orderBy($scope.friends, predicate, reverse);
+          };
+          $scope.order('-age',false);
+        }]);
+    </file>
+</example>
+ */
+orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
+function orderByFilter($parse) {
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
+
+    if (!(isArrayLike(array))) return array;
+
+    if (!isArray(sortPredicate)) { sortPredicate = [sortPredicate]; }
+    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
+
+    var predicates = processPredicates(sortPredicate, reverseOrder);
+    // Add a predicate at the end that evaluates to the element index. This makes the
+    // sort stable as it works as a tie-breaker when all the input predicates cannot
+    // distinguish between two elements.
+    predicates.push({ get: function() { return {}; }, descending: reverseOrder ? -1 : 1});
+
+    // The next three lines are a version of a Swartzian Transform idiom from Perl
+    // (sometimes called the Decorate-Sort-Undecorate idiom)
+    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform
+    var compareValues = Array.prototype.map.call(array, getComparisonObject);
+    compareValues.sort(doComparison);
+    array = compareValues.map(function(item) { return item.value; });
+
+    return array;
+
+    function getComparisonObject(value, index) {
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        predicateValues: predicates.map(function(predicate) {
+          return getPredicateValue(predicate.get(value), index);
+        })
+      };
+    }
+
+    function doComparison(v1, v2) {
+      var result = 0;
+      for (var index=0, length = predicates.length; index < length; ++index) {
+        result = compare(v1.predicateValues[index], v2.predicateValues[index]) * predicates[index].descending;
+        if (result) break;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  };
+
+  function processPredicates(sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
+    reverseOrder = reverseOrder ? -1 : 1;
+    return sortPredicate.map(function(predicate) {
+      var descending = 1, get = identity;
+
+      if (isFunction(predicate)) {
+        get = predicate;
+      } else if (isString(predicate)) {
+        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
+          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-' ? -1 : 1;
+          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
+        }
+        if (predicate !== '') {
+          get = $parse(predicate);
+          if (get.constant) {
+            var key = get();
+            get = function(value) { return value[key]; };
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return { get: get, descending: descending * reverseOrder };
+    });
+  }
+
+  function isPrimitive(value) {
+    switch (typeof value) {
+      case 'number': /* falls through */
+      case 'boolean': /* falls through */
+      case 'string':
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function objectValue(value, index) {
+    // If `valueOf` is a valid function use that
+    if (typeof value.valueOf === 'function') {
+      value = value.valueOf();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+    // If `toString` is a valid function and not the one from `Object.prototype` use that
+    if (hasCustomToString(value)) {
+      value = value.toString();
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+    }
+    // We have a basic object so we use the position of the object in the collection
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  function getPredicateValue(value, index) {
+    var type = typeof value;
+    if (value === null) {
+      type = 'string';
+      value = 'null';
+    } else if (type === 'string') {
+      value = value.toLowerCase();
+    } else if (type === 'object') {
+      value = objectValue(value, index);
+    }
+    return { value: value, type: type };
+  }
+
+  function compare(v1, v2) {
+    var result = 0;
+    if (v1.type === v2.type) {
+      if (v1.value !== v2.value) {
+        result = v1.value < v2.value ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      result = v1.type < v2.type ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+function ngDirective(directive) {
+  if (isFunction(directive)) {
+    directive = {
+      link: directive
+    };
+  }
+  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
+  return valueFn(directive);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name a
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
+ * the href attribute is empty.
+ *
+ * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
+ * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
+ * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
+ */
+var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref) {
+      return function(scope, element) {
+        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
+        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
+
+        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
+        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
+                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
+        element.on('click', function(event) {
+          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
+          if (!element.attr(href)) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHref
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
+ * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
+ * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
+ * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
+ * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
+ * solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The wrong way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element A
+ * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
+ * in links and their different behaviors:
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
+        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
+        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
+        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
+
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/123$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
+        });
+
+        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
+          element(by.model('value')).clear();
+          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
+
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/6$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrc
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrcset
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x" alt="Description" />
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDisabled
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This directive sets the `disabled` attribute on the element if the
+ * {@link guide/expression expression} inside `ngDisabled` evaluates to truthy.
+ *
+ * A special directive is necessary because we cannot use interpolation inside the `disabled`
+ * attribute.  The following example would make the button enabled on Chrome/Firefox
+ * but not on older IEs:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- See below for an example of ng-disabled being used correctly -->
+ * <div ng-init="isDisabled = false">
+ *  <button disabled="{{isDisabled}}">Disabled</button>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This is because the HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of
+ * boolean attributes such as `disabled` (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle button', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `disabled` attribute will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChecked
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Sets the `checked` attribute on the element, if the expression inside `ngChecked` is truthy.
+ *
+ * Note that this directive should not be used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`},
+ * as this can lead to unexpected behavior.
+ *
+ * ### Why do we need `ngChecked`?
+ *
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as checked. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngChecked` directive solves this problem for the `checked` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"></label><br/>
+        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master" aria-label="Slave input">
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('master')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then the `checked` attribute will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngReadonly
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as readonly. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngReadonly` directive solves this problem for the `readonly` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"></label><br/>
+        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular" aria-label="Readonly field" />
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSelected
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as selected. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngSelected` directive solves this problem for the `selected` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <label>Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"></label><br/>
+        <select aria-label="ngSelected demo">
+          <option>Hello!</option>
+          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
+        </select>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('selected')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element OPTION
+ * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOpen
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as open. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngOpen` directive solves this problem for the `open` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+     <example>
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <label>Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"></label><br/>
+         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
+            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
+         </details>
+       </file>
+       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should toggle open', function() {
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
+           element(by.model('open')).click();
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
+         });
+       </file>
+     </example>
+ *
+ * @element DETAILS
+ * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
+
+// boolean attrs are evaluated
+forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
+  // binding to multiple is not supported
+  if (propName == "multiple") return;
+
+  function defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+    scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
+      attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
+    });
+  }
+
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  var linkFn = defaultLinkFn;
+
+  if (propName === 'checked') {
+    linkFn = function(scope, element, attr) {
+      // ensuring ngChecked doesn't interfere with ngModel when both are set on the same input
+      if (attr.ngModel !== attr[normalized]) {
+        defaultLinkFn(scope, element, attr);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'A',
+      priority: 100,
+      link: linkFn
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// aliased input attrs are evaluated
+forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 100,
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
+        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
+        if (ngAttr === "ngPattern" && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) == "/") {
+          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
+          if (match) {
+            attr.$set("ngPattern", new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
+          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
+forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var propName = attrName,
+            name = attrName;
+
+        if (attrName === 'href' &&
+            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+          name = 'xlinkHref';
+          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
+          propName = null;
+        }
+
+        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
+          if (!value) {
+            if (attrName === 'href') {
+              attr.$set(name, null);
+            }
+            return;
+          }
+
+          attr.$set(name, value);
+
+          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
+          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
+          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
+          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
+          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+/* global -nullFormCtrl, -SUBMITTED_CLASS, addSetValidityMethod: true
+ */
+var nullFormCtrl = {
+  $addControl: noop,
+  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
+  $removeControl: noop,
+  $setValidity: noop,
+  $setDirty: noop,
+  $setPristine: noop,
+  $setSubmitted: noop
+},
+SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
+
+function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
+  control.$name = name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name form.FormController
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
+ * @property {boolean} $pending True if at least one containing control or form is pending.
+ * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to controls or
+ *  forms with failing validators, where:
+ *
+ *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for given error name.
+ *
+ *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ *
+ *  - `email`
+ *  - `max`
+ *  - `maxlength`
+ *  - `min`
+ *  - `minlength`
+ *  - `number`
+ *  - `pattern`
+ *  - `required`
+ *  - `url`
+ *  - `date`
+ *  - `datetimelocal`
+ *  - `time`
+ *  - `week`
+ *  - `month`
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
+ * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
+ *
+ * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
+ * of `FormController`.
+ *
+ */
+//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
+function FormController(element, attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
+  var form = this,
+      controls = [];
+
+  // init state
+  form.$error = {};
+  form.$$success = {};
+  form.$pending = undefined;
+  form.$name = $interpolate(attrs.name || attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
+  form.$dirty = false;
+  form.$pristine = true;
+  form.$valid = true;
+  form.$invalid = false;
+  form.$submitted = false;
+  form.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
+   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
+   */
+  form.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$rollbackViewValue();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  form.$commitViewValue = function() {
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$commitViewValue();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a control with the form. Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically
+   * when they are linked.
+   *
+   * Note that the current state of the control will not be reflected on the new parent form. This
+   * is not an issue with normal use, as freshly compiled and linked controls are in a `$pristine`
+   * state.
+   *
+   * However, if the method is used programmatically, for example by adding dynamically created controls,
+   * or controls that have been previously removed without destroying their corresponding DOM element,
+   * it's the developers responsiblity to make sure the current state propagates to the parent form.
+   *
+   * For example, if an input control is added that is already `$dirty` and has `$error` properties,
+   * calling `$setDirty()` and `$validate()` afterwards will propagate the state to the parent form.
+   */
+  form.$addControl = function(control) {
+    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
+    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
+    controls.push(control);
+
+    if (control.$name) {
+      form[control.$name] = control;
+    }
+
+    control.$$parentForm = form;
+  };
+
+  // Private API: rename a form control
+  form.$$renameControl = function(control, newName) {
+    var oldName = control.$name;
+
+    if (form[oldName] === control) {
+      delete form[oldName];
+    }
+    form[newName] = control;
+    control.$name = newName;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
+   * @param {object} control control object, either a {@link form.FormController} or an
+   * {@link ngModel.NgModelController}
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Deregister a control from the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
+   *
+   * Note that only the removed control's validation state (`$errors`etc.) will be removed from the
+   * form. `$dirty`, `$submitted` states will not be changed, because the expected behavior can be
+   * different from case to case. For example, removing the only `$dirty` control from a form may or
+   * may not mean that the form is still `$dirty`.
+   */
+  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
+    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
+      delete form[control.$name];
+    }
+    forEach(form.$pending, function(value, name) {
+      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    });
+    forEach(form.$error, function(value, name) {
+      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    });
+    forEach(form.$$success, function(value, name) {
+      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    });
+
+    arrayRemove(controls, control);
+    control.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the validity of a form control.
+   *
+   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  addSetValidityMethod({
+    ctrl: this,
+    $element: element,
+    set: function(object, property, controller) {
+      var list = object[property];
+      if (!list) {
+        object[property] = [controller];
+      } else {
+        var index = list.indexOf(controller);
+        if (index === -1) {
+          list.push(controller);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    unset: function(object, property, controller) {
+      var list = object[property];
+      if (!list) {
+        return;
+      }
+      arrayRemove(list, controller);
+      if (list.length === 0) {
+        delete object[property];
+      }
+    },
+    $animate: $animate
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
+   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  form.$setDirty = function() {
+    $animate.removeClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    $animate.addClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    form.$dirty = true;
+    form.$pristine = false;
+    form.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
+   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
+   * in this form.
+   *
+   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
+   * saving or resetting it.
+   */
+  form.$setPristine = function() {
+    $animate.setClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    form.$dirty = false;
+    form.$pristine = true;
+    form.$submitted = false;
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setPristine();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
+   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
+   *
+   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
+   * back to its pristine state.
+   */
+  form.$setUntouched = function() {
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setUntouched();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its submitted state.
+   */
+  form.$setSubmitted = function() {
+    $animate.addClass(element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    form.$submitted = true;
+    form.$$parentForm.$setSubmitted();
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngForm
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
+ * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
+ * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
+ *
+ * Note: the purpose of `ngForm` is to group controls,
+ * but not to be a replacement for the `<form>` tag with all of its capabilities
+ * (e.g. posting to the server, ...).
+ *
+ * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ *
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name form
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that instantiates
+ * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
+ *
+ * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
+ * this name.
+ *
+ * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
+ *
+ * In Angular, forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
+ * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
+ * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive which behaves identically to
+ * `<form>` but can be nested.  This allows you to have nested forms, which is very useful when
+ * using Angular validation directives in forms that are dynamically generated using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`} directive. Since you cannot dynamically generate the `name`
+ * attribute of input elements using interpolation, you have to wrap each set of repeated inputs in an
+ * `ngForm` directive and nest these in an outer `form` element.
+ *
+ *
+ * # CSS classes
+ *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
+ *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
+ *  - `ng-pending` is set if the form is pending.
+ *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
+ *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
+ *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
+ *
+ * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
+ * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
+ * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
+ * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
+ *
+ * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
+ * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
+ * a form is submitted:
+ *
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
+  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
+ *
+ * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
+ * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
+ * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
+ *
+ * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
+ * (`ngSubmit`)
+ * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
+ * doesn't trigger submit
+ * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
+ * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
+ * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
+ *
+ * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
+ * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * ## Animation Hooks
+ *
+ * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
+ * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
+ * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
+ * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
+ * as JS animations.
+ *
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-form {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-form.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('formExample', [])
+           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.userType = 'guest';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+        .my-form {
+          transition:all linear 0.5s;
+          background: transparent;
+        }
+        .my-form.ng-invalid {
+          background: red;
+        }
+       </style>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
+         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
+         <code>userType = {{userType}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</code><br>
+         <code>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</code><br>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
+
+          userInput.clear();
+          userInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ */
+var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
+  return ['$timeout', '$parse', function($timeout, $parse) {
+    var formDirective = {
+      name: 'form',
+      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
+      require: ['form', '^^?form'], //first is the form's own ctrl, second is an optional parent form
+      controller: FormController,
+      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement, attr) {
+        // Setup initial state of the control
+        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+        var nameAttr = attr.name ? 'name' : (isNgForm && attr.ngForm ? 'ngForm' : false);
+
+        return {
+          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, ctrls) {
+            var controller = ctrls[0];
+
+            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
+            if (!('action' in attr)) {
+              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
+              // action is not prevented. see #1238
+              //
+              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
+              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
+              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
+              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
+                scope.$apply(function() {
+                  controller.$commitViewValue();
+                  controller.$setSubmitted();
+                });
+
+                event.preventDefault();
+              };
+
+              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
+
+              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
+              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
+                }, 0, false);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var parentFormCtrl = ctrls[1] || controller.$$parentForm;
+            parentFormCtrl.$addControl(controller);
+
+            var setter = nameAttr ? getSetter(controller.$name) : noop;
+
+            if (nameAttr) {
+              setter(scope, controller);
+              attr.$observe(nameAttr, function(newValue) {
+                if (controller.$name === newValue) return;
+                setter(scope, undefined);
+                controller.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(controller, newValue);
+                setter = getSetter(controller.$name);
+                setter(scope, controller);
+              });
+            }
+            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+              controller.$$parentForm.$removeControl(controller);
+              setter(scope, undefined);
+              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
+            });
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+    return formDirective;
+
+    function getSetter(expression) {
+      if (expression === '') {
+        //create an assignable expression, so forms with an empty name can be renamed later
+        return $parse('this[""]').assign;
+      }
+      return $parse(expression).assign || noop;
+    }
+  }];
+};
+
+var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
+var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
+
+/* global VALID_CLASS: false,
+  INVALID_CLASS: false,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
+  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: false,
+  TOUCHED_CLASS: false,
+  ngModelMinErr: false,
+*/
+
+// Regex code is obtained from SO: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
+var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /\d{4}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+([+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)/;
+var URL_REGEXP = /^(ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(\/|\/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-\/]))?$/;
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~.-]+@[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?)*$/i;
+var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))([eE][+-]?\d+)?\s*$/;
+var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
+var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-W(\d\d)$/;
+var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)$/;
+var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+
+var inputType = {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[text]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+   *    input.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 text: 'guest',
+                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Single word:
+             <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
+                    ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
+               Single word only!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>text = {{example.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('hello world');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'text': textInputType,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc input
+     * @name input[date]
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
+     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
+     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
+     *
+     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+     *
+     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+     *
+     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+     *   valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `min="{{minDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+     *   a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd). You can also use interpolation inside this attribute
+     *   (e.g. `max="{{maxDate | date:'yyyy-MM-dd'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add native HTML5
+     *   constraint validation.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+     * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO date string
+     *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+     *    interaction with the input element.
+     *
+     * @example
+     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
+            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.example = {
+                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
+              };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+          <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date in 2013:</label>
+          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
+          <div role="alert">
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                Required!</span>
+            <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
+                Not a valid date!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+       </form>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
+        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+        var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+        function setInput(val) {
+          // set the value of the element and force validation.
+          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+          browser.executeScript(scr);
+        }
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          setInput('');
+          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+          setInput('2015-01-01');
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+     </file>
+     </example>
+     */
+  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
+         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
+         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[datetime-local]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `min="{{minDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `min` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation
+    *   inside this attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxDatetimeLocal | date:'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss'}}"`).
+    *   Note that `max` will also add native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation error key to the Date / ISO datetime string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('dateExample', [])
+          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.example = {
+              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a date between in 2013:</label>
+        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[time]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
+   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxTime | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO time string the
+   *   `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('timeExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label for="exampleInput">Pick a between 8am and 5pm:</label>
+        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[week]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+    *   This must be a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##). You can also use interpolation inside this
+    *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxWeek | date:'yyyy-Www'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+    *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+    * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+    *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+      angular.module('weekExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
+          };
+        }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        <label>Pick a date between in 2013:
+          <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                 placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32"
+                 max="2013-W52" required />
+        </label>
+        <div role="alert">
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+        </div>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-W01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[month]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
+   * to the first of the month.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `min="{{minMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `min` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   *   This must be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM). You can also use interpolation inside this
+   *   attribute (e.g. `max="{{maxMonth | date:'yyyy-MM'}}"`). Note that `max` will also add
+   *   native HTML5 constraint validation.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMin Sets the `min` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMin` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `min` attribute.
+   * @param {(date|string)=} ngMax Sets the `max` validation constraint to the Date / ISO week string
+   *   the `ngMax` expression evaluates to. Note that it does not set the `max` attribute.
+
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('monthExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+       <label for="exampleInput">Pick a month in 2013:</label>
+       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
+       <div role="alert">
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
+            Not a valid month!</span>
+       </div>
+       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
+     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
+     'yyyy-MM'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[number]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
+   * error if not a valid number.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * The model must always be of type `number` otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+   * Be aware that a string containing a number is not enough. See the {@link ngModel:numfmt}
+   * error docs for more information and an example of how to convert your model if necessary.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * ## Issues with HTML5 constraint validation
+   *
+   * In browsers that follow the
+   * [HTML5 specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#number-state-%28type=number%29),
+   * `input[number]` does not work as expected with {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}.
+   * If a non-number is entered in the input, the browser will report the value as an empty string,
+   * which means the view / model values in `ngModel` and subsequently the scope value
+   * will also be an empty string.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('numberExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 value: 12
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Number:
+             <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                    min="0" max="99" required>
+          </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
+               Not valid number!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('123');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'number': numberInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[url]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
+   * valid URL.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
+   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('urlExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.url = {
+                 text: 'http://google.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>URL:
+             <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
+           <label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
+               Not valid url!</span>
+           </div>
+           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('box');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'url': urlInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[email]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
+   * address.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), you can
+   * use `ng-pattern` or modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+   *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+   *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+   *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+   *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+   *    account.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('emailExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.email = {
+                 text: 'me@example.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+             <label>Email:
+               <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
+             </label>
+             <div role="alert">
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+                 Required!</span>
+               <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
+                 Not valid email!</span>
+             </div>
+             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
+           </form>
+         </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('xxx');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'email': emailInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[radio]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML radio button.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string} value The value to which the `ngModel` expression should be set when selected.
+   *    Note that `value` only supports `string` values, i.e. the scope model needs to be a string,
+   *    too. Use `ngValue` if you need complex models (`number`, `object`, ...).
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {string} ngValue Angular expression to which `ngModel` will be be set when the radio
+   *    is selected. Should be used instead of the `value` attribute if you need
+   *    a non-string `ngModel` (`boolean`, `array`, ...).
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('radioExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.color = {
+                 name: 'blue'
+               };
+               $scope.specialValue = {
+                 "id": "12345",
+                 "value": "green"
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">
+             Red
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue">
+             Green
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>
+             <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue">
+             Blue
+           </label><br/>
+           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
+
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
+
+            element.all(by.model('color.name')).get(0).click();
+
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'radio': radioInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[checkbox]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML checkbox.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.checkboxModel = {
+                value1 : true,
+                value2 : 'YES'
+              };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <label>Value1:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1">
+           </label><br/>
+           <label>Value2:
+             <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
+                    ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'">
+            </label><br/>
+           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
+            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
+
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
+
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
+
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
+
+  'hidden': noop,
+  'button': noop,
+  'submit': noop,
+  'reset': noop,
+  'file': noop
+};
+
+function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
+  });
+}
+
+function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+}
+
+function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
+
+  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
+  // hold the listener until composition is done.
+  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
+  if (!$sniffer.android) {
+    var composing = false;
+
+    element.on('compositionstart', function(data) {
+      composing = true;
+    });
+
+    element.on('compositionend', function() {
+      composing = false;
+      listener();
+    });
+  }
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (timeout) {
+      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
+      timeout = null;
+    }
+    if (composing) return;
+    var value = element.val(),
+        event = ev && ev.type;
+
+    // By default we will trim the value
+    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
+    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
+    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
+
+    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
+    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
+    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
+    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
+  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
+  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
+    element.on('input', listener);
+  } else {
+    var timeout;
+
+    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
+      var key = event.keyCode;
+
+      // ignore
+      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
+      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
+
+      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
+    });
+
+    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
+    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
+      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
+  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
+  element.on('change', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    // Workaround for Firefox validation #12102.
+    var value = ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue;
+    if (element.val() !== value) {
+      element.val(value);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
+  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
+    return isoWeek;
+  }
+
+  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
+    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
+    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
+    if (parts) {
+      var year = +parts[1],
+          week = +parts[2],
+          hours = 0,
+          minutes = 0,
+          seconds = 0,
+          milliseconds = 0,
+          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
+          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
+
+      if (existingDate) {
+        hours = existingDate.getHours();
+        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
+        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
+        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
+      }
+
+      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NaN;
+}
+
+function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
+  return function(iso, date) {
+    var parts, map;
+
+    if (isDate(iso)) {
+      return iso;
+    }
+
+    if (isString(iso)) {
+      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
+      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
+      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
+      if (iso.charAt(0) == '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) == '"') {
+        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
+      }
+      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
+        return new Date(iso);
+      }
+      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
+      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
+
+      if (parts) {
+        parts.shift();
+        if (date) {
+          map = {
+            yyyy: date.getFullYear(),
+            MM: date.getMonth() + 1,
+            dd: date.getDate(),
+            HH: date.getHours(),
+            mm: date.getMinutes(),
+            ss: date.getSeconds(),
+            sss: date.getMilliseconds() / 1000
+          };
+        } else {
+          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
+        }
+
+        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
+          if (index < mapping.length) {
+            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
+          }
+        });
+        return new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return NaN;
+  };
+}
+
+function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
+  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter) {
+    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
+    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+    var timezone = ctrl && ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.timezone;
+    var previousDate;
+
+    ctrl.$$parserName = type;
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
+      if (regexp.test(value)) {
+        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
+        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
+        // contains some different data format!
+        var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
+        if (timezone) {
+          parsedDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(parsedDate, timezone);
+        }
+        return parsedDate;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    });
+
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
+      }
+      if (isValidDate(value)) {
+        previousDate = value;
+        if (previousDate && timezone) {
+          previousDate = convertTimezoneToLocal(previousDate, timezone, true);
+        }
+        return $filter('date')(value, format, timezone);
+      } else {
+        previousDate = null;
+        return '';
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+      var minVal;
+      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || parseDate(value) >= minVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+        minVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+      var maxVal;
+      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || parseDate(value) <= maxVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+        maxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+    }
+
+    function isValidDate(value) {
+      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
+      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
+    }
+
+    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
+      return isDefined(val) && !isDate(val) ? parseDate(val) || undefined : val;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  var node = element[0];
+  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
+  if (nativeValidation) {
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
+      // Detect bug in FF35 for input[email] (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1064430):
+      // - also sets validity.badInput (should only be validity.typeMismatch).
+      // - see http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)
+      // - can ignore this case as we can still read out the erroneous email...
+      return validity.badInput && !validity.typeMismatch ? undefined : value;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
+    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
+    return undefined;
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
+      if (!isNumber(value)) {
+        throw ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
+      }
+      value = value.toString();
+    }
+    return value;
+  });
+
+  if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+    var minVal;
+    ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || value >= minVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+        val = parseFloat(val, 10);
+      }
+      minVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+    var maxVal;
+    ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || value <= maxVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+        val = parseFloat(val, 10);
+      }
+      maxVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+
+  ctrl.$$parserName = 'url';
+  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
+
+function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+
+  ctrl.$$parserName = 'email';
+  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
+
+function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  // make the name unique, if not defined
+  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
+    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+  }
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (element[0].checked) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value, ev && ev.type);
+    }
+  };
+
+  element.on('click', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    var value = attr.value;
+    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
+
+  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+}
+
+function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
+  var parseFn;
+  if (isDefined(expression)) {
+    parseFn = $parse(expression);
+    if (!parseFn.constant) {
+      throw ngModelMinErr('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
+                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
+    }
+    return parseFn(context);
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
+
+function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
+  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
+  };
+
+  element.on('click', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
+  };
+
+  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
+  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
+  // it to a boolean.
+  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return value === false;
+  };
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return equals(value, trueValue);
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
+  });
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name textarea
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
+ * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
+ * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+ *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name input
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
+ * input state control, and validation.
+ * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
+ * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+ *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object, then this is used directly.
+ *    If the expression evaluates to a string, then it will be converted to a RegExp
+ *    after wrapping it in `^` and `$` characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to
+ *    `new RegExp('^abc$')`.<br />
+ *    **Note:** Avoid using the `g` flag on the RegExp, as it will cause each successive search to
+ *    start at the index of the last search's match, thus not taking the whole input value into
+ *    account.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+ *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+ *    input.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('inputExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="myForm">
+           <label>
+              User name:
+              <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+           </div>
+           <label>
+              Last name:
+              <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
+              ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
+           </label>
+           <div role="alert">
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
+               Too short!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
+               Too long!</span>
+           </div>
+         </form>
+         <hr>
+         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br/>
+       </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
+        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
+        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
+        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
+        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
+          userNameInput.clear();
+          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
+    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['?ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+        if (ctrls[0]) {
+          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
+                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+
+var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngValue
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Binds the given expression to the value of `<option>` or {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`},
+ * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element is set to
+ * the bound value.
+ *
+ * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using
+ * {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
+ *
+ * Likewise, `ngValue` can be used to generate `<option>` elements for
+ * the {@link select `select`} element. In that case however, only strings are supported
+ * for the `value `attribute, so the resulting `ngModel` will always be a string.
+ * Support for `select` models with non-string values is available via `ngOptions`.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
+ *   of the `input` element
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('valueExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
+              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
+            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
+              {{name}}
+              <input type="radio"
+                     ng-model="my.favorite"
+                     ng-value="name"
+                     id="{{name}}"
+                     name="favorite">
+            </label>
+          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
+        });
+        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
+          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngValueDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
+      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
+        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
+        };
+      } else {
+        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
+            attr.$set('value', value);
+          });
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBind
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
+ * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
+ * expression changes.
+ *
+ * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
+ * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
+ *
+ * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` if a template is momentarily
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
+ * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
+ *
+ * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
+   <example module="bindExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.name = 'Whirled';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <label>Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
+         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+
+         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
+         nameInput.clear();
+         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
+         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'AC',
+    compile: function ngBindCompile(templateElement) {
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
+      return function ngBindLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBind);
+        element = element[0];
+        scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
+          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBindTemplate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
+ * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
+ * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
+ * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
+ * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
+ * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
+ *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
+   <example module="bindExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
+             $scope.name = 'World';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <label>Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"></label><br>
+        <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></label><br>
+        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
+         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
+         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+
+         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');
+
+         salutationInput.clear();
+         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
+         nameInput.clear();
+         nameInput.sendKeys('user');
+
+         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', '$compile', function($interpolate, $compile) {
+  return {
+    compile: function ngBindTemplateCompile(templateElement) {
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
+      return function ngBindTemplateLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, interpolateFn.expressions);
+        element = element[0];
+        attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
+          element.textContent = isUndefined(value) ? '' : value;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBindHtml
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluates the expression and inserts the resulting HTML into the element in a secure way. By default,
+ * the resulting HTML content will be sanitized using the {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.
+ * To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize` is available, for example, by including {@link
+ * ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in core Angular). In order to use {@link ngSanitize}
+ * in your module's dependencies, you need to include "angular-sanitize.js" in your application.
+ *
+ * You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
+ * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
+ * under {@link ng.$sce#show-me-an-example-using-sce- Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
+ * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+
+   <example module="bindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('bindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.myHTML =
+              'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with ' +
+              '<a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
+             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', '$compile', function($sce, $parse, $compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    compile: function ngBindHtmlCompile(tElement, tAttrs) {
+      var ngBindHtmlGetter = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml);
+      var ngBindHtmlWatch = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml, function getStringValue(value) {
+        return (value || '').toString();
+      });
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(tElement);
+
+      return function ngBindHtmlLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBindHtml);
+
+        scope.$watch(ngBindHtmlWatch, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction() {
+          // we re-evaluate the expr because we want a TrustedValueHolderType
+          // for $sce, not a string
+          element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngBindHtmlGetter(scope)) || '');
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChange
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
+ * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
+ * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
+ * form element or presses the return key).
+ *
+ * The `ngChange` expression is only evaluated when a change in the input value causes
+ * a new value to be committed to the model.
+ *
+ * It will not be evaluated:
+ * * if the value returned from the `$parsers` transformation pipeline has not changed
+ * * if the input has continued to be invalid since the model will stay `null`
+ * * if the model is changed programmatically and not by a change to the input value
+ *
+ *
+ * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
+ * in input value.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngChange-directive" module="changeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('changeExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.counter = 0;
+ *           $scope.change = function() {
+ *             $scope.counter++;
+ *           };
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
+ *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
+ *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
+ *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
+ *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
+ *
+ *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
+ *
+ *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
+ *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
+ *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();
+
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
+ *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'A',
+  require: 'ngModel',
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
+      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+function classDirective(name, selector) {
+  name = 'ngClass' + name;
+  return ['$animate', function($animate) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'AC',
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var oldVal;
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);
+
+        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
+          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+        });
+
+
+        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
+          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
+            // jshint bitwise: false
+            var mod = $index & 1;
+            if (mod !== (old$index & 1)) {
+              var classes = arrayClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+              mod === selector ?
+                addClasses(classes) :
+                removeClasses(classes);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        function addClasses(classes) {
+          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, 1);
+          attr.$addClass(newClasses);
+        }
+
+        function removeClasses(classes) {
+          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, -1);
+          attr.$removeClass(newClasses);
+        }
+
+        function digestClassCounts(classes, count) {
+          // Use createMap() to prevent class assumptions involving property
+          // names in Object.prototype
+          var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts') || createMap();
+          var classesToUpdate = [];
+          forEach(classes, function(className) {
+            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
+              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
+              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
+                classesToUpdate.push(className);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
+          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
+        }
+
+        function updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses) {
+          var toAdd = arrayDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
+          var toRemove = arrayDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
+          toAdd = digestClassCounts(toAdd, 1);
+          toRemove = digestClassCounts(toRemove, -1);
+          if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
+            $animate.addClass(element, toAdd);
+          }
+          if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
+            $animate.removeClass(element, toRemove);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
+          if (selector === true || scope.$index % 2 === selector) {
+            var newClasses = arrayClasses(newVal || []);
+            if (!oldVal) {
+              addClasses(newClasses);
+            } else if (!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
+              var oldClasses = arrayClasses(oldVal);
+              updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses);
+            }
+          }
+          oldVal = shallowCopy(newVal);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
+      var values = [];
+
+      outer:
+      for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+        var token = tokens1[i];
+        for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+          if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+        }
+        values.push(token);
+      }
+      return values;
+    }
+
+    function arrayClasses(classVal) {
+      var classes = [];
+      if (isArray(classVal)) {
+        forEach(classVal, function(v) {
+          classes = classes.concat(arrayClasses(v));
+        });
+        return classes;
+      } else if (isString(classVal)) {
+        return classVal.split(' ');
+      } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
+        forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
+          if (v) {
+            classes = classes.concat(k.split(' '));
+          }
+        });
+        return classes;
+      }
+      return classVal;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClass
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
+ * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
+ *
+ * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
+ * evaluates to:
+ *
+ * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
+ * names.
+ *
+ * 2. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
+ * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
+ *
+ * 3. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should either be a string as in
+ * type 1 or an object as in type 2. This means that you can mix strings and objects together in an array
+ * to give you more control over what CSS classes appear. See the code below for an example of this.
+ *
+ *
+ * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
+ *
+ * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then are the
+ * new classes added.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * **add** - happens just before the class is applied to the elements
+ *
+ * **remove** - happens just before the class is removed from the element
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
+ *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
+ *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
+ *   element.
+ *
+ * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, 'has-error': error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
+       <label>
+          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted">
+          deleted (apply "strike" class)
+       </label><br>
+       <label>
+          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important">
+          important (apply "bold" class)
+       </label><br>
+       <label>
+          <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error">
+          error (apply "has-error" class)
+       </label>
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
+       <input type="text" ng-model="style"
+              placeholder="Type: bold strike red" aria-label="Type: bold strike red">
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
+       <input ng-model="style1"
+              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style2"
+              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 2"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style3"
+              placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red" aria-label="Type: bold, strike or red 3"><br>
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="[style4, {orange: warning}]">Using Array and Map Syntax</p>
+       <input ng-model="style4" placeholder="Type: bold, strike" aria-label="Type: bold, strike"><br>
+       <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="warning"> warning (apply "orange" class)</label>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .strike {
+           text-decoration: line-through;
+       }
+       .bold {
+           font-weight: bold;
+       }
+       .red {
+           color: red;
+       }
+       .has-error {
+           color: red;
+           background-color: yellow;
+       }
+       .orange {
+           color: orange;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));
+
+       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {
+
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/has-error/);
+
+         element(by.model('important')).click();
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);
+
+         element(by.model('error')).click();
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/has-error/);
+       });
+
+       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
+         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style')).clear();
+         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
+         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
+       });
+
+       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
+         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
+         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
+         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
+         expect(ps.get(2).getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
+       });
+
+       it('array with map example should have 2 classes', function() {
+         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style4')).sendKeys('bold');
+         element(by.model('warning')).click();
+         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold orange');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+   ## Animations
+
+   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.
+
+   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
+      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
+      <br>
+      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .base-class {
+         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+       }
+
+       .base-class.my-class {
+         color: red;
+         font-size:3em;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class', function() {
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();
+
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();
+
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+
+   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
+   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
+   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
+   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
+   to view the step by step details of {@link $animate#addClass $animate.addClass} and
+   {@link $animate#removeClass $animate.removeClass}.
+ */
+var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClassOdd
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}}
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClassEven
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
+ *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCloak
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
+ * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
+ *
+ * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
+ * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
+ * of the browser view.
+ *
+ * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
+ * `angular.min.js`.
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
+ *   display: none !important;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
+ * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
+ * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
+ * the compiled element visible.
+ *
+ * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
+ * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
+ * application.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
+        <div id="template2" class="ng-cloak">{{ 'world' }}</div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
+         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
+           toBeNull();
+         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
+           toBeNull();
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
+    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngController
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
+ * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
+ *
+ * MVC components in angular:
+ *
+ * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
+ *   are accessed through bindings.
+ * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
+ * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
+ *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
+ *
+ * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
+ * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
+ * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
+ * and executed twice.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 500
+ * @param {expression} ngController Name of a constructor function registered with the current
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider $controllerProvider} or an {@link guide/expression expression}
+ * that on the current scope evaluates to a constructor function.
+ *
+ * The controller instance can be published into a scope property by specifying
+ * `ng-controller="as propertyName"`.
+ *
+ * If the current `$controllerProvider` is configured to use globals (via
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#allowGlobals `$controllerProvider.allowGlobals()` }), this may
+ * also be the name of a globally accessible constructor function (not recommended).
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
+ * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
+ * easily be called from the angular markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
+ * in the View without the need for a manual update.
+ *
+ * Two different declaration styles are included below:
+ *
+ * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
+ * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
+ * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
+ * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
+ *
+ * The second option is more common in the Angular community, and is generally used in boilerplates
+ * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
+ * and avoiding scope.
+ *
+ * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
+ * multiple controllers apply to an element.
+ * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
+ * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
+ * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
+ * inheritance masking primitives.
+ *
+ * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngControllerAs" module="controllerAsExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
+ *      <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/></label>
+ *      <button ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</button><br/>
+ *      Contact:
+ *      <ul>
+ *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
+ *          <select ng-model="contact.type" aria-label="Contact method" id="select_{{$index}}">
+ *             <option>phone</option>
+ *             <option>email</option>
+ *          </select>
+ *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
+ *          <button ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
+ *          <button ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
+ *        </li>
+ *        <li><button ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</button></li>
+ *     </ul>
+ *    </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *    angular.module('controllerAsExample', [])
+ *      .controller('SettingsController1', SettingsController1);
+ *
+ *    function SettingsController1() {
+ *      this.name = "John Smith";
+ *      this.contacts = [
+ *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
+ *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'} ];
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
+ *      alert(this.name);
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
+ *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+ *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+ *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
+ *      contact.type = 'phone';
+ *      contact.value = '';
+ *    };
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it('should check controller as', function() {
+ *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
+ *         expect(container.element(by.model('settings.name'))
+ *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
+ *
+ *       var firstRepeat =
+ *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
+ *       var secondRepeat =
+ *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
+ *
+ *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
+ *
+ *       expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
+ *
+ *       firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('');
+ *
+ *       container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
+ *           .element(by.model('contact.value'))
+ *           .getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngController" module="controllerExample">
+ *  <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
+ *     <label>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/></label>
+ *     <button ng-click="greet()">greet</button><br/>
+ *     Contact:
+ *     <ul>
+ *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <select ng-model="contact.type" id="select_{{$index}}">
+ *            <option>phone</option>
+ *            <option>email</option>
+ *         </select>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value" aria-labelledby="select_{{$index}}" />
+ *         <button ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</button>
+ *         <button ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</button>
+ *       </li>
+ *       <li>[ <button ng-click="addContact()">add</button> ]</li>
+ *    </ul>
+ *   </div>
+ *  </file>
+ *  <file name="app.js">
+ *   angular.module('controllerExample', [])
+ *     .controller('SettingsController2', ['$scope', SettingsController2]);
+ *
+ *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
+ *     $scope.name = "John Smith";
+ *     $scope.contacts = [
+ *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
+ *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
+ *
+ *     $scope.greet = function() {
+ *       alert($scope.name);
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.addContact = function() {
+ *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+ *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+ *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
+ *       contact.type = 'phone';
+ *       contact.value = '';
+ *     };
+ *   }
+ *  </file>
+ *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *    it('should check controller', function() {
+ *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
+ *
+ *      expect(container.element(by.model('name'))
+ *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
+ *
+ *      var firstRepeat =
+ *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
+ *      var secondRepeat =
+ *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
+ *
+ *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
+ *      expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
+ *
+ *      firstRepeat.element(by.buttonText('clear')).click();
+ *
+ *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('');
+ *
+ *      container.element(by.buttonText('add')).click();
+ *
+ *      expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
+ *          .element(by.model('contact.value'))
+ *          .getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
+ *    });
+ *  </file>
+ *</example>
+
+ */
+var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    scope: true,
+    controller: '@',
+    priority: 500
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCsp
+ *
+ * @element html
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Angular has some features that can break certain
+ * [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) rules.
+ *
+ * If you intend to implement these rules then you must tell Angular not to use these features.
+ *
+ * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions or Universal Windows Apps.
+ *
+ *
+ * The following rules affect Angular:
+ *
+ * * `unsafe-eval`: this rule forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions
+ * (among other things). Angular makes use of this in the {@link $parse} service to provide a 30%
+ * increase in the speed of evaluating Angular expressions.
+ *
+ * * `unsafe-inline`: this rule forbids apps from inject custom styles into the document. Angular
+ * makes use of this to include some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ngCloak} and {@link ngHide}).
+ * To make these directives work when a CSP rule is blocking inline styles, you must link to the
+ * `angular-csp.css` in your HTML manually.
+ *
+ * If you do not provide `ngCsp` then Angular tries to autodetect if CSP is blocking unsafe-eval
+ * and automatically deactivates this feature in the {@link $parse} service. This autodetection,
+ * however, triggers a CSP error to be logged in the console:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of
+ * script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that
+ * 'script-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This error is harmless but annoying. To prevent the error from showing up, put the `ngCsp`
+ * directive on an element of the HTML document that appears before the `<script>` tag that loads
+ * the `angular.js` file.
+ *
+ * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
+ *
+ * You can specify which of the CSP related Angular features should be deactivated by providing
+ * a value for the `ng-csp` attribute. The options are as follows:
+ *
+ * * no-inline-style: this stops Angular from injecting CSS styles into the DOM
+ *
+ * * no-unsafe-eval: this stops Angular from optimising $parse with unsafe eval of strings
+ *
+ * You can use these values in the following combinations:
+ *
+ *
+ * * No declaration means that Angular will assume that you can do inline styles, but it will do
+ * a runtime check for unsafe-eval. E.g. `<body>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous versions
+ * of Angular.
+ *
+ * * A simple `ng-csp` (or `data-ng-csp`) attribute will tell Angular to deactivate both inline
+ * styles and unsafe eval. E.g. `<body ng-csp>`. This is backwardly compatible with previous versions
+ * of Angular.
+ *
+ * * Specifying only `no-unsafe-eval` tells Angular that we must not use eval, but that we can inject
+ * inline styles. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-unsafe-eval">`.
+ *
+ * * Specifying only `no-inline-style` tells Angular that we must not inject styles, but that we can
+ * run eval - no automcatic check for unsafe eval will occur. E.g. `<body ng-csp="no-inline-style">`
+ *
+ * * Specifying both `no-unsafe-eval` and `no-inline-style` tells Angular that we must not inject
+ * styles nor use eval, which is the same as an empty: ng-csp.
+ * E.g.`<body ng-csp="no-inline-style;no-unsafe-eval">`
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
+   ```html
+     <!doctype html>
+     <html ng-app ng-csp>
+     ...
+     ...
+     </html>
+   ```
+  * @example
+      // Note: the suffix `.csp` in the example name triggers
+      // csp mode in our http server!
+      <example name="example.csp" module="cspExample" ng-csp="true">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <div ng-controller="MainController as ctrl">
+            <div>
+              <button ng-click="ctrl.inc()" id="inc">Increment</button>
+              <span id="counter">
+                {{ctrl.counter}}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+
+            <div>
+              <button ng-click="ctrl.evil()" id="evil">Evil</button>
+              <span id="evilError">
+                {{ctrl.evilError}}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </file>
+        <file name="script.js">
+           angular.module('cspExample', [])
+             .controller('MainController', function() {
+                this.counter = 0;
+                this.inc = function() {
+                  this.counter++;
+                };
+                this.evil = function() {
+                  // jshint evil:true
+                  try {
+                    eval('1+2');
+                  } catch (e) {
+                    this.evilError = e.message;
+                  }
+                };
+              });
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var util, webdriver;
+
+          var incBtn = element(by.id('inc'));
+          var counter = element(by.id('counter'));
+          var evilBtn = element(by.id('evil'));
+          var evilError = element(by.id('evilError'));
+
+          function getAndClearSevereErrors() {
+            return browser.manage().logs().get('browser').then(function(browserLog) {
+              return browserLog.filter(function(logEntry) {
+                return logEntry.level.value > webdriver.logging.Level.WARNING.value;
+              });
+            });
+          }
+
+          function clearErrors() {
+            getAndClearSevereErrors();
+          }
+
+          function expectNoErrors() {
+            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
+              expect(filteredLog.length).toEqual(0);
+              if (filteredLog.length) {
+                console.log('browser console errors: ' + util.inspect(filteredLog));
+              }
+            });
+          }
+
+          function expectError(regex) {
+            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
+              var found = false;
+              filteredLog.forEach(function(log) {
+                if (log.message.match(regex)) {
+                  found = true;
+                }
+              });
+              if (!found) {
+                throw new Error('expected an error that matches ' + regex);
+              }
+            });
+          }
+
+          beforeEach(function() {
+            util = require('util');
+            webdriver = require('protractor/node_modules/selenium-webdriver');
+          });
+
+          // For now, we only test on Chrome,
+          // as Safari does not load the page with Protractor's injected scripts,
+          // and Firefox webdriver always disables content security policy (#6358)
+          if (browser.params.browser !== 'chrome') {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          it('should not report errors when the page is loaded', function() {
+            // clear errors so we are not dependent on previous tests
+            clearErrors();
+            // Need to reload the page as the page is already loaded when
+            // we come here
+            browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              browser.get(url);
+            });
+            expectNoErrors();
+          });
+
+          it('should evaluate expressions', function() {
+            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('0');
+            incBtn.click();
+            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('1');
+            expectNoErrors();
+          });
+
+          it('should throw and report an error when using "eval"', function() {
+            evilBtn.click();
+            expect(evilError.getText()).toMatch(/Content Security Policy/);
+            expectError(/Content Security Policy/);
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+  */
+
+// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we
+// bootstrap the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have
+// the csp() fn that looks for the `ng-csp` attribute anywhere in the current doc
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClick
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
+ * an element is clicked.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment
+      </button>
+      <span>
+        count: {{count}}
+      </span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-click', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
+         element(by.css('button')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+/*
+ * A collection of directives that allows creation of custom event handlers that are defined as
+ * angular expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
+ */
+var ngEventDirectives = {};
+
+// For events that might fire synchronously during DOM manipulation
+// we need to execute their event handlers asynchronously using $evalAsync,
+// so that they are not executed in an inconsistent state.
+var forceAsyncEvents = {
+  'blur': true,
+  'focus': true
+};
+forEach(
+  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
+  function(eventName) {
+    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + eventName);
+    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', '$rootScope', function($parse, $rootScope) {
+      return {
+        restrict: 'A',
+        compile: function($element, attr) {
+          // We expose the powerful $event object on the scope that provides access to the Window,
+          // etc. that isn't protected by the fast paths in $parse.  We explicitly request better
+          // checks at the cost of speed since event handler expressions are not executed as
+          // frequently as regular change detection.
+          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName], /* interceptorFn */ null, /* expensiveChecks */ true);
+          return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
+            element.on(eventName, function(event) {
+              var callback = function() {
+                fn(scope, {$event:event});
+              };
+              if (forceAsyncEvents[eventName] && $rootScope.$$phase) {
+                scope.$evalAsync(callback);
+              } else {
+                scope.$apply(callback);
+              }
+            });
+          };
+        }
+      };
+    }];
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDblclick
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on double click)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMousedown
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on mouse down)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseup
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on mouse up)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseover
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse is over)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseenter
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse enters)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseleave
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse leaves)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMousemove
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse moves)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeydown
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+      key down count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeyup
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
+       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}
+
+       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
+       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
+       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
+       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeypress
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
+ * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+      key press count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSubmit
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
+ *
+ * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
+ * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
+ * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Warning:** Be careful not to cause "double-submission" by using both the `ngClick` and
+ * `ngSubmit` handlers together. See the
+ * {@link form#submitting-a-form-and-preventing-the-default-action `form` directive documentation}
+ * for a detailed discussion of when `ngSubmit` may be triggered.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @element form
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="submitExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('submitExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.list = [];
+            $scope.text = 'hello';
+            $scope.submit = function() {
+              if ($scope.text) {
+                $scope.list.push(this.text);
+                $scope.text = '';
+              }
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        Enter text and hit enter:
+        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
+        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
+        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
+      </form>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+         expect(element(by.model('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
+       });
+       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+        });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngFocus
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
+ *
+ * Note: As the `focus` event is executed synchronously when calling `input.focus()`
+ * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
+ * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBlur
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
+ *
+ * A [blur event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/blur) fires when
+ * an element has lost focus.
+ *
+ * Note: As the `blur` event is executed synchronously also during DOM manipulations
+ * (e.g. removing a focussed input),
+ * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
+ * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCopy
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
+      copied: {{copied}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCut
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
+      cut: {{cut}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPaste
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
+      pasted: {{paste}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngIf
+ * @restrict A
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
+ * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
+ * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
+ * element is reinserted into the DOM.
+ *
+ * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
+ * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
+ * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
+ * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
+ *
+ * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
+ * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
+ * its parent scope using
+ * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes#javascript-prototypal-inheritance).
+ * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
+ * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
+ * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
+ *
+ * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
+ * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
+ * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
+ * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
+ *
+ * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
+ * and `leave` effects.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - happens just after the `ngIf` contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the `ngIf` container
+ * leave - happens just before the `ngIf` contents are removed from the DOM
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 600
+ * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
+ *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
+ *     element is added to the DOM tree.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <label>Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /></label><br/>
+      Show when checked:
+      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
+        This is removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
+      </span>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-if {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter,
+      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        opacity:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-leave,
+      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 600,
+    terminal: true,
+    restrict: 'A',
+    $$tlb: true,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var block, childScope, previousElements;
+        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {
+
+          if (value) {
+            if (!childScope) {
+              $transclude(function(clone, newScope) {
+                childScope = newScope;
+                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngIf: ' + $attr.ngIf + ' ');
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block = {
+                  clone: clone
+                };
+                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
+              });
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (previousElements) {
+              previousElements.remove();
+              previousElements = null;
+            }
+            if (childScope) {
+              childScope.$destroy();
+              childScope = null;
+            }
+            if (block) {
+              previousElements = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+              $animate.leave(previousElements).then(function() {
+                previousElements = null;
+              });
+              block = null;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngInclude
+ * @restrict ECA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
+ *
+ * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
+ * application document. This is done by calling {@link $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
+ * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
+ * {@link $sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
+ * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
+ *
+ * In addition, the browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
+ * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
+ * access on some browsers.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - animation is used to bring new content into the browser.
+ * leave - animation is used to animate existing content away.
+ *
+ * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 400
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
+ *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
+ * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
+ *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
+ *
+ *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
+ *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
+ *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="includeExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
+        <option value="">(blank)</option>
+       </select>
+       url of the template: <code>{{template.url}}</code>
+       <hr/>
+       <div class="slide-animate-container">
+         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('includeExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.templates =
+            [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
+              { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
+          $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
+        }]);
+     </file>
+    <file name="template1.html">
+      Content of template1.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="template2.html">
+      Content of template2.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .slide-animate-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+        display:block;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        top:0;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        top:50px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
+      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));
+
+      it('should load template1.html', function() {
+        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
+      });
+
+      it('should load template2.html', function() {
+        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
+          // Firefox can't handle using selects
+          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
+          return;
+        }
+        templateSelect.click();
+        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
+      });
+
+      it('should change to blank', function() {
+        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
+          // Firefox can't handle using selects
+          return;
+        }
+        templateSelect.click();
+        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
+        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
+ * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentError
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted when a template HTTP request yields an erroneous response (status < 200 || status > 299)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+var ngIncludeDirective = ['$templateRequest', '$anchorScroll', '$animate',
+                  function($templateRequest,   $anchorScroll,   $animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    priority: 400,
+    terminal: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    controller: angular.noop,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
+          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
+          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;
+
+      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var changeCounter = 0,
+            currentScope,
+            previousElement,
+            currentElement;
+
+        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
+          if (previousElement) {
+            previousElement.remove();
+            previousElement = null;
+          }
+          if (currentScope) {
+            currentScope.$destroy();
+            currentScope = null;
+          }
+          if (currentElement) {
+            $animate.leave(currentElement).then(function() {
+              previousElement = null;
+            });
+            previousElement = currentElement;
+            currentElement = null;
+          }
+        };
+
+        scope.$watch(srcExp, function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
+          var afterAnimation = function() {
+            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
+              $anchorScroll();
+            }
+          };
+          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;
+
+          if (src) {
+            //set the 2nd param to true to ignore the template request error so that the inner
+            //contents and scope can be cleaned up.
+            $templateRequest(src, true).then(function(response) {
+              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
+              var newScope = scope.$new();
+              ctrl.template = response;
+
+              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
+              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
+              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
+              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
+              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
+              // directives to non existing elements.
+              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element).then(afterAnimation);
+              });
+
+              currentScope = newScope;
+              currentElement = clone;
+
+              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded', src);
+              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
+            }, function() {
+              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                scope.$emit('$includeContentError', src);
+              }
+            });
+            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested', src);
+          } else {
+            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+            ctrl.template = null;
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
+// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
+// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
+// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
+// is called.
+var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
+  function($compile) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'ECA',
+      priority: -400,
+      require: 'ngInclude',
+      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
+        if (/SVG/.test($element[0].toString())) {
+          // WebKit: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=135698 --- SVG elements do not
+          // support innerHTML, so detect this here and try to generate the contents
+          // specially.
+          $element.empty();
+          $compile(jqLiteBuildFragment(ctrl.template, document).childNodes)(scope,
+              function namespaceAdaptedClone(clone) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          }, {futureParentElement: $element});
+          return;
+        }
+
+        $element.html(ctrl.template);
+        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngInit
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
+ * current scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * This directive can be abused to add unnecessary amounts of logic into your templates.
+ * There are only a few appropriate uses of `ngInit`, such as for aliasing special properties of
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below; and for injecting data via
+ * server side scripting. Besides these few cases, you should use {@link guide/controller controllers}
+ * rather than `ngInit` to initialize values on a scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with a {@link ng.$filter `filter`}, make
+ * sure you have parentheses to ensure correct operator precedence:
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ * `<div ng-init="test1 = ($index | toString)"></div>`
+ * </pre>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @priority 450
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="initExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+   <script>
+     angular.module('initExample', [])
+       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+         $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
+       }]);
+   </script>
+   <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
+       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
+          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+   </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should alias index positions', function() {
+         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
+         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
+         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
+         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
+         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
+  priority: 450,
+  compile: function() {
+    return {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
+        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngList
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The default
+ * delimiter is a comma followed by a space - equivalent to `ng-list=", "`. You can specify a custom
+ * delimiter as the value of the `ngList` attribute - for example, `ng-list=" | "`.
+ *
+ * The behaviour of the directive is affected by the use of the `ngTrim` attribute.
+ * * If `ngTrim` is set to `"false"` then whitespace around both the separator and each
+ *   list item is respected. This implies that the user of the directive is responsible for
+ *   dealing with whitespace but also allows you to use whitespace as a delimiter, such as a
+ *   tab or newline character.
+ * * Otherwise whitespace around the delimiter is ignored when splitting (although it is respected
+ *   when joining the list items back together) and whitespace around each list item is stripped
+ *   before it is added to the model.
+ *
+ * ### Example with Validation
+ *
+ * <example name="ngList-directive" module="listExample">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *      angular.module('listExample', [])
+ *        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *          $scope.names = ['morpheus', 'neo', 'trinity'];
+ *        }]);
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *      <label>List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required></label>
+ *      <span role="alert">
+ *        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
+ *        Required!</span>
+ *      </span>
+ *      <br>
+ *      <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+ *     </form>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
+ *     var names = element(by.exactBinding('names'));
+ *     var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
+ *     var error = element(by.css('span.error'));
+ *
+ *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
+ *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('["morpheus","neo","trinity"]');
+ *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+ *       listInput.clear();
+ *       listInput.sendKeys('');
+ *
+ *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
+ *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+ *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * ### Example - splitting on newline
+ * <example name="ngList-directive-newlines">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <textarea ng-model="list" ng-list="&#10;" ng-trim="false"></textarea>
+ *    <pre>{{ list | json }}</pre>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it("should split the text by newlines", function() {
+ *       var listInput = element(by.model('list'));
+ *       var output = element(by.binding('list | json'));
+ *       listInput.sendKeys('abc\ndef\nghi');
+ *       expect(output.getText()).toContain('[\n  "abc",\n  "def",\n  "ghi"\n]');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value.
+ */
+var ngListDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    require: 'ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+      // We want to control whitespace trimming so we use this convoluted approach
+      // to access the ngList attribute, which doesn't pre-trim the attribute
+      var ngList = element.attr(attr.$attr.ngList) || ', ';
+      var trimValues = attr.ngTrim !== 'false';
+      var separator = trimValues ? trim(ngList) : ngList;
+
+      var parse = function(viewValue) {
+        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
+        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;
+
+        var list = [];
+
+        if (viewValue) {
+          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
+            if (value) list.push(trimValues ? trim(value) : value);
+          });
+        }
+
+        return list;
+      };
+
+      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
+      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          return value.join(ngList);
+        }
+
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
+      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+        return !value || !value.length;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/* global VALID_CLASS: true,
+  INVALID_CLASS: true,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: true,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: true,
+  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: true,
+  TOUCHED_CLASS: true,
+*/
+
+var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
+    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
+    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
+    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty',
+    UNTOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-untouched',
+    TOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-touched',
+    PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending';
+
+var ngModelMinErr = minErr('ngModel');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name ngModel.NgModelController
+ *
+ * @property {*} $viewValue The actual value from the control's view. For `input` elements, this is a
+ * String. See {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue} for information about when the $viewValue
+ * is set.
+ * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model that the control is bound to.
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+       the control reads value from the DOM. The functions are called in array order, each passing
+       its return value through to the next. The last return value is forwarded to the
+       {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} collection.
+
+Parsers are used to sanitize / convert the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue
+`$viewValue`}.
+
+Returning `undefined` from a parser means a parse error occurred. In that case,
+no {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} will run and the `ngModel`
+will be set to `undefined` unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}
+is set to `true`. The parse error is stored in `ngModel.$error.parse`.
+
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+       the model value changes. The functions are called in reverse array order, each passing the value through to the
+       next. The last return value is used as the actual DOM value.
+       Used to format / convert values for display in the control.
+ * ```js
+ * function formatter(value) {
+ *   if (value) {
+ *     return value.toUpperCase();
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Object.<string, function>} $validators A collection of validators that are applied
+ *      whenever the model value changes. The key value within the object refers to the name of the
+ *      validator while the function refers to the validation operation. The validation operation is
+ *      provided with the model value as an argument and must return a true or false value depending
+ *      on the response of that validation.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * ngModel.$validators.validCharacters = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+ *   return /[0-9]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /[a-z]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /[A-Z]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /\W+/.test(value);
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Object.<string, function>} $asyncValidators A collection of validations that are expected to
+ *      perform an asynchronous validation (e.g. a HTTP request). The validation function that is provided
+ *      is expected to return a promise when it is run during the model validation process. Once the promise
+ *      is delivered then the validation status will be set to true when fulfilled and false when rejected.
+ *      When the asynchronous validators are triggered, each of the validators will run in parallel and the model
+ *      value will only be updated once all validators have been fulfilled. As long as an asynchronous validator
+ *      is unfulfilled, its key will be added to the controllers `$pending` property. Also, all asynchronous validators
+ *      will only run once all synchronous validators have passed.
+ *
+ * Please note that if $http is used then it is important that the server returns a success HTTP response code
+ * in order to fulfill the validation and a status level of `4xx` in order to reject the validation.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * ngModel.$asyncValidators.uniqueUsername = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+ *
+ *   // Lookup user by username
+ *   return $http.get('/api/users/' + value).
+ *      then(function resolved() {
+ *        //username exists, this means validation fails
+ *        return $q.reject('exists');
+ *      }, function rejected() {
+ *        //username does not exist, therefore this validation passes
+ *        return true;
+ *      });
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
+ *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
+ *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all failing validator ids as keys.
+ * @property {Object} $pending An object hash with all pending validator ids as keys.
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $untouched True if control has not lost focus yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $touched True if control has lost focus.
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
+ * @property {string} $name The name attribute of the control.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `NgModelController` provides API for the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} directive.
+ * The controller contains services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting
+ * and parsing. It purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or
+ * listening to DOM events.
+ * Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
+ * `NgModelController` for data-binding to control elements.
+ * Angular provides this DOM logic for most {@link input `input`} elements.
+ * At the end of this page you can find a {@link ngModel.NgModelController#custom-control-example
+ * custom control example} that uses `ngModelController` to bind to `contenteditable` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Custom Control Example
+ * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
+ * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
+ * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
+ *
+ * `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
+ * contents be edited in place by the user.
+ *
+ * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
+ * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
+ * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to provide unsafe content if it marks
+ * that content using the `$sce` service.
+ *
+ * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+    <file name="style.css">
+      [contenteditable] {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background-color: white;
+        min-height: 20px;
+      }
+
+      .ng-invalid {
+        border: 1px solid red;
+      }
+
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
+        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
+          return {
+            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
+            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
+            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+              if (!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model
+
+              // Specify how UI should be updated
+              ngModel.$render = function() {
+                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
+              };
+
+              // Listen for change events to enable binding
+              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
+                scope.$evalAsync(read);
+              });
+              read(); // initialize
+
+              // Write data to the model
+              function read() {
+                var html = element.html();
+                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
+                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
+                if ( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
+                  html = '';
+                }
+                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
+              }
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <form name="myForm">
+       <div contenteditable
+            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
+            strip-br="true"
+            required>Change me!</div>
+        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
+       <hr>
+       <textarea ng-model="userContent" aria-label="Dynamic textarea"></textarea>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
+      if (browser.params.browser == 'safari' || browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
+        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
+        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
+        return;
+      }
+      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
+      var content = 'Change me!';
+
+      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);
+
+      contentEditable.clear();
+      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
+      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
+      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
+    });
+    </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ */
+var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate', '$timeout', '$rootScope', '$q', '$interpolate',
+    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate, $timeout, $rootScope, $q, $interpolate) {
+  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$$rawModelValue = undefined; // stores the parsed modelValue / model set from scope regardless of validity.
+  this.$validators = {};
+  this.$asyncValidators = {};
+  this.$parsers = [];
+  this.$formatters = [];
+  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
+  this.$untouched = true;
+  this.$touched = false;
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here
+  this.$$success = {}; // keep valid keys here
+  this.$pending = undefined; // keep pending keys here
+  this.$name = $interpolate($attr.name || '', false)($scope);
+  this.$$parentForm = nullFormCtrl;
+
+  var parsedNgModel = $parse($attr.ngModel),
+      parsedNgModelAssign = parsedNgModel.assign,
+      ngModelGet = parsedNgModel,
+      ngModelSet = parsedNgModelAssign,
+      pendingDebounce = null,
+      parserValid,
+      ctrl = this;
+
+  this.$$setOptions = function(options) {
+    ctrl.$options = options;
+    if (options && options.getterSetter) {
+      var invokeModelGetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '()'),
+          invokeModelSetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '($$$p)');
+
+      ngModelGet = function($scope) {
+        var modelValue = parsedNgModel($scope);
+        if (isFunction(modelValue)) {
+          modelValue = invokeModelGetter($scope);
+        }
+        return modelValue;
+      };
+      ngModelSet = function($scope, newValue) {
+        if (isFunction(parsedNgModel($scope))) {
+          invokeModelSetter($scope, {$$$p: ctrl.$modelValue});
+        } else {
+          parsedNgModelAssign($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
+        }
+      };
+    } else if (!parsedNgModel.assign) {
+      throw ngModelMinErr('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
+          $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
+   * directive will implement this method.
+   *
+   * The `$render()` method is invoked in the following situations:
+   *
+   * * `$rollbackViewValue()` is called.  If we are rolling back the view value to the last
+   *   committed value then `$render()` is called to update the input control.
+   * * The value referenced by `ng-model` is changed programmatically and both the `$modelValue` and
+   *   the `$viewValue` are different from last time.
+   *
+   * Since `ng-model` does not do a deep watch, `$render()` is only invoked if the values of
+   * `$modelValue` and `$viewValue` are actually different from their previous value. If `$modelValue`
+   * or `$viewValue` are objects (rather than a string or number) then `$render()` will not be
+   * invoked if you only change a property on the objects.
+   */
+  this.$render = noop;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of an input is empty.
+   *
+   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
+   *
+   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
+   *
+   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different from the
+   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
+   * implies empty.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value The value of the input to check for emptiness.
+   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is "empty".
+   */
+  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
+  };
+
+  var currentValidationRunId = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Change the validity state, and notify the form.
+   *
+   * This method can be called within $parsers/$formatters or a custom validation implementation.
+   * However, in most cases it should be sufficient to use the `ngModel.$validators` and
+   * `ngModel.$asyncValidators` collections which will call `$setValidity` automatically.
+   *
+   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be assigned
+   *        to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]`
+   *        (for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding.
+   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
+   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
+   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
+   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending (undefined),
+   *                          or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
+   *                          Skipped is used by Angular when validators do not run because of parse errors and
+   *                          when `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
+   */
+  addSetValidityMethod({
+    ctrl: this,
+    $element: $element,
+    set: function(object, property) {
+      object[property] = true;
+    },
+    unset: function(object, property) {
+      delete object[property];
+    },
+    $animate: $animate
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-dirty` class and set the control to its pristine
+   * state (`ng-pristine` class). A model is considered to be pristine when the control
+   * has not been changed from when first compiled.
+   */
+  this.$setPristine = function() {
+    ctrl.$dirty = false;
+    ctrl.$pristine = true;
+    $animate.removeClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    $animate.addClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-pristine` class and set the control to its dirty
+   * state (`ng-dirty` class). A model is considered to be dirty when the control has been changed
+   * from when first compiled.
+   */
+  this.$setDirty = function() {
+    ctrl.$dirty = true;
+    ctrl.$pristine = false;
+    $animate.removeClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    $animate.addClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    ctrl.$$parentForm.$setDirty();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-touched` class and set the control to its
+   * untouched state (`ng-untouched` class). Upon compilation, a model is set as untouched
+   * by default, however this function can be used to restore that state if the model has
+   * already been touched by the user.
+   */
+  this.$setUntouched = function() {
+    ctrl.$touched = false;
+    ctrl.$untouched = true;
+    $animate.setClass($element, UNTOUCHED_CLASS, TOUCHED_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setTouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its touched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-untouched` class and set the control to its
+   * touched state (`ng-touched` class). A model is considered to be touched when the user has
+   * first focused the control element and then shifted focus away from the control (blur event).
+   */
+  this.$setTouched = function() {
+    ctrl.$touched = true;
+    ctrl.$untouched = false;
+    $animate.setClass($element, TOUCHED_CLASS, UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancel an update and reset the input element's value to prevent an update to the `$modelValue`,
+   * which may be caused by a pending debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some
+   * future event.
+   *
+   * If you have an input that uses `ng-model-options` to set up debounced events or events such
+   * as blur you can have a situation where there is a period when the `$viewValue`
+   * is out of synch with the ngModel's `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * In this case, you can run into difficulties if you try to update the ngModel's `$modelValue`
+   * programmatically before these debounced/future events have resolved/occurred, because Angular's
+   * dirty checking mechanism is not able to tell whether the model has actually changed or not.
+   *
+   * The `$rollbackViewValue()` method should be called before programmatically changing the model of an
+   * input which may have such events pending. This is important in order to make sure that the
+   * input field will be updated with the new model value and any pending operations are cancelled.
+   *
+   * <example name="ng-model-cancel-update" module="cancel-update-example">
+   *   <file name="app.js">
+   *     angular.module('cancel-update-example', [])
+   *
+   *     .controller('CancelUpdateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+   *       $scope.resetWithCancel = function(e) {
+   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
+   *           $scope.myForm.myInput1.$rollbackViewValue();
+   *           $scope.myValue = '';
+   *         }
+   *       };
+   *       $scope.resetWithoutCancel = function(e) {
+   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
+   *           $scope.myValue = '';
+   *         }
+   *       };
+   *     }]);
+   *   </file>
+   *   <file name="index.html">
+   *     <div ng-controller="CancelUpdateController">
+   *       <p>Try typing something in each input.  See that the model only updates when you
+   *          blur off the input.
+   *        </p>
+   *        <p>Now see what happens if you start typing then press the Escape key</p>
+   *
+   *       <form name="myForm" ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }">
+   *         <p id="inputDescription1">With $rollbackViewValue()</p>
+   *         <input name="myInput1" aria-describedby="inputDescription1" ng-model="myValue"
+   *                ng-keydown="resetWithCancel($event)"><br/>
+   *         myValue: "{{ myValue }}"
+   *
+   *         <p id="inputDescription2">Without $rollbackViewValue()</p>
+   *         <input name="myInput2" aria-describedby="inputDescription2" ng-model="myValue"
+   *                ng-keydown="resetWithoutCancel($event)"><br/>
+   *         myValue: "{{ myValue }}"
+   *       </form>
+   *     </div>
+   *   </file>
+   * </example>
+   */
+  this.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
+    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+    ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    ctrl.$render();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$validate
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Runs each of the registered validators (first synchronous validators and then
+   * asynchronous validators).
+   * If the validity changes to invalid, the model will be set to `undefined`,
+   * unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`} is `true`.
+   * If the validity changes to valid, it will set the model to the last available valid
+   * `$modelValue`, i.e. either the last parsed value or the last value set from the scope.
+   */
+  this.$validate = function() {
+    // ignore $validate before model is initialized
+    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    // Note: we use the $$rawModelValue as $modelValue might have been
+    // set to undefined during a view -> model update that found validation
+    // errors. We can't parse the view here, since that could change
+    // the model although neither viewValue nor the model on the scope changed
+    var modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue;
+
+    var prevValid = ctrl.$valid;
+    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
+
+    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
+
+    ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, function(allValid) {
+      // If there was no change in validity, don't update the model
+      // This prevents changing an invalid modelValue to undefined
+      if (!allowInvalid && prevValid !== allValid) {
+        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
+        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
+        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
+        // to calculate their validity.
+        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+
+        if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
+          ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+  };
+
+  this.$$runValidators = function(modelValue, viewValue, doneCallback) {
+    currentValidationRunId++;
+    var localValidationRunId = currentValidationRunId;
+
+    // check parser error
+    if (!processParseErrors()) {
+      validationDone(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!processSyncValidators()) {
+      validationDone(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    processAsyncValidators();
+
+    function processParseErrors() {
+      var errorKey = ctrl.$$parserName || 'parse';
+      if (isUndefined(parserValid)) {
+        setValidity(errorKey, null);
+      } else {
+        if (!parserValid) {
+          forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(v, name) {
+            setValidity(name, null);
+          });
+          forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
+            setValidity(name, null);
+          });
+        }
+        // Set the parse error last, to prevent unsetting it, should a $validators key == parserName
+        setValidity(errorKey, parserValid);
+        return parserValid;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    function processSyncValidators() {
+      var syncValidatorsValid = true;
+      forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(validator, name) {
+        var result = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
+        syncValidatorsValid = syncValidatorsValid && result;
+        setValidity(name, result);
+      });
+      if (!syncValidatorsValid) {
+        forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
+          setValidity(name, null);
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    function processAsyncValidators() {
+      var validatorPromises = [];
+      var allValid = true;
+      forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(validator, name) {
+        var promise = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
+        if (!isPromiseLike(promise)) {
+          throw ngModelMinErr("$asyncValidators",
+            "Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got '{0}' instead.", promise);
+        }
+        setValidity(name, undefined);
+        validatorPromises.push(promise.then(function() {
+          setValidity(name, true);
+        }, function(error) {
+          allValid = false;
+          setValidity(name, false);
+        }));
+      });
+      if (!validatorPromises.length) {
+        validationDone(true);
+      } else {
+        $q.all(validatorPromises).then(function() {
+          validationDone(allValid);
+        }, noop);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function setValidity(name, isValid) {
+      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
+        ctrl.$setValidity(name, isValid);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function validationDone(allValid) {
+      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
+
+        doneCallback(allValid);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit a pending update to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. this method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  this.$commitViewValue = function() {
+    var viewValue = ctrl.$viewValue;
+
+    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+
+    // If the view value has not changed then we should just exit, except in the case where there is
+    // a native validator on the element. In this case the validation state may have changed even though
+    // the viewValue has stayed empty.
+    if (ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue === viewValue && (viewValue !== '' || !ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
+
+    // change to dirty
+    if (ctrl.$pristine) {
+      this.$setDirty();
+    }
+    this.$$parseAndValidate();
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseAndValidate = function() {
+    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    var modelValue = viewValue;
+    parserValid = isUndefined(modelValue) ? undefined : true;
+
+    if (parserValid) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ctrl.$parsers.length; i++) {
+        modelValue = ctrl.$parsers[i](modelValue);
+        if (isUndefined(modelValue)) {
+          parserValid = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      // ctrl.$modelValue has not been touched yet...
+      ctrl.$modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
+    }
+    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
+    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
+    ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+
+    if (allowInvalid) {
+      ctrl.$modelValue = modelValue;
+      writeToModelIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    // Pass the $$lastCommittedViewValue here, because the cached viewValue might be out of date.
+    // This can happen if e.g. $setViewValue is called from inside a parser
+    ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue, function(allValid) {
+      if (!allowInvalid) {
+        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
+        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
+        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
+        // to calculate their validity.
+        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+        writeToModelIfNeeded();
+      }
+    });
+
+    function writeToModelIfNeeded() {
+      if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
+        ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$$writeModelToScope = function() {
+    ngModelSet($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
+    forEach(ctrl.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      try {
+        listener();
+      } catch (e) {
+        $exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Update the view value.
+   *
+   * This method should be called when a control wants to change the view value; typically,
+   * this is done from within a DOM event handler. For example, the {@link ng.directive:input input}
+   * directive calls it when the value of the input changes and {@link ng.directive:select select}
+   * calls it when an option is selected.
+   *
+   * When `$setViewValue` is called, the new `value` will be staged for committing through the `$parsers`
+   * and `$validators` pipelines. If there are no special {@link ngModelOptions} specified then the staged
+   * value sent directly for processing, finally to be applied to `$modelValue` and then the
+   * **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute. Lastly, all the registered change listeners,
+   * in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
+   *
+   * In case the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions} directive is used with `updateOn`
+   * and the `default` trigger is not listed, all those actions will remain pending until one of the
+   * `updateOn` events is triggered on the DOM element.
+   * All these actions will be debounced if the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}
+   * directive is used with a custom debounce for this particular event.
+   * Note that a `$digest` is only triggered once the `updateOn` events are fired, or if `debounce`
+   * is specified, once the timer runs out.
+   *
+   * When used with standard inputs, the view value will always be a string (which is in some cases
+   * parsed into another type, such as a `Date` object for `input[date]`.)
+   * However, custom controls might also pass objects to this method. In this case, we should make
+   * a copy of the object before passing it to `$setViewValue`. This is because `ngModel` does not
+   * perform a deep watch of objects, it only looks for a change of identity. If you only change
+   * the property of the object then ngModel will not realise that the object has changed and
+   * will not invoke the `$parsers` and `$validators` pipelines. For this reason, you should
+   * not change properties of the copy once it has been passed to `$setViewValue`.
+   * Otherwise you may cause the model value on the scope to change incorrectly.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-info">
+   * In any case, the value passed to the method should always reflect the current value
+   * of the control. For example, if you are calling `$setViewValue` for an input element,
+   * you should pass the input DOM value. Otherwise, the control and the scope model become
+   * out of sync. It's also important to note that `$setViewValue` does not call `$render` or change
+   * the control's DOM value in any way. If we want to change the control's DOM value
+   * programmatically, we should update the `ngModel` scope expression. Its new value will be
+   * picked up by the model controller, which will run it through the `$formatters`, `$render` it
+   * to update the DOM, and finally call `$validate` on it.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {*} value value from the view.
+   * @param {string} trigger Event that triggered the update.
+   */
+  this.$setViewValue = function(value, trigger) {
+    ctrl.$viewValue = value;
+    if (!ctrl.$options || ctrl.$options.updateOnDefault) {
+      ctrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(trigger);
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$$debounceViewValueCommit = function(trigger) {
+    var debounceDelay = 0,
+        options = ctrl.$options,
+        debounce;
+
+    if (options && isDefined(options.debounce)) {
+      debounce = options.debounce;
+      if (isNumber(debounce)) {
+        debounceDelay = debounce;
+      } else if (isNumber(debounce[trigger])) {
+        debounceDelay = debounce[trigger];
+      } else if (isNumber(debounce['default'])) {
+        debounceDelay = debounce['default'];
+      }
+    }
+
+    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+    if (debounceDelay) {
+      pendingDebounce = $timeout(function() {
+        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
+      }, debounceDelay);
+    } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+      ctrl.$commitViewValue();
+    } else {
+      $scope.$apply(function() {
+        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  // model -> value
+  // Note: we cannot use a normal scope.$watch as we want to detect the following:
+  // 1. scope value is 'a'
+  // 2. user enters 'b'
+  // 3. ng-change kicks in and reverts scope value to 'a'
+  //    -> scope value did not change since the last digest as
+  //       ng-change executes in apply phase
+  // 4. view should be changed back to 'a'
+  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
+    var modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
+
+    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
+    // TODO(perf): why not move this to the action fn?
+    if (modelValue !== ctrl.$modelValue &&
+       // checks for NaN is needed to allow setting the model to NaN when there's an asyncValidator
+       (ctrl.$modelValue === ctrl.$modelValue || modelValue === modelValue)
+    ) {
+      ctrl.$modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+      parserValid = undefined;
+
+      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
+          idx = formatters.length;
+
+      var viewValue = modelValue;
+      while (idx--) {
+        viewValue = formatters[idx](viewValue);
+      }
+      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== viewValue) {
+        ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
+        ctrl.$render();
+
+        ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue, noop);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return modelValue;
+  });
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngModel
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @priority 1
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
+ * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
+ * which is created and exposed by this directive.
+ *
+ * `ngModel` is responsible for:
+ *
+ * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
+ *   require.
+ * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
+ * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, touched/untouched, validation errors).
+ * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`, `ng-touched`, `ng-untouched`) including animations.
+ * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
+ *
+ * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
+ * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
+ * implicitly and added to the scope.
+ *
+ * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - [Understanding Scopes](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes)
+ *
+ * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
+ *    - {@link input[text] text}
+ *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
+ *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
+ *    - {@link input[number] number}
+ *    - {@link input[email] email}
+ *    - {@link input[url] url}
+ *    - {@link input[date] date}
+ *    - {@link input[datetime-local] datetime-local}
+ *    - {@link input[time] time}
+ *    - {@link input[month] month}
+ *    - {@link input[week] week}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
+ *
+ * # CSS classes
+ * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
+ * depending on the validity of the model.
+ *
+ *  - `ng-valid`: the model is valid
+ *  - `ng-invalid`: the model is invalid
+ *  - `ng-valid-[key]`: for each valid key added by `$setValidity`
+ *  - `ng-invalid-[key]`: for each invalid key added by `$setValidity`
+ *  - `ng-pristine`: the control hasn't been interacted with yet
+ *  - `ng-dirty`: the control has been interacted with
+ *  - `ng-touched`: the control has been blurred
+ *  - `ng-untouched`: the control hasn't been blurred
+ *  - `ng-pending`: any `$asyncValidators` are unfulfilled
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ * ## Animation Hooks
+ *
+ * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
+ * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
+ * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
+ * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
+ * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
+ *
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-input {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-input.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="inputExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+        angular.module('inputExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.val = '1';
+          }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+         .my-input {
+           transition:all linear 0.5s;
+           background: transparent;
+         }
+         .my-input.ng-invalid {
+           color:white;
+           background: red;
+         }
+       </style>
+       <p id="inputDescription">
+        Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
+        Integer is a valid value.
+       </p>
+       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input"
+                aria-describedby="inputDescription" />
+       </form>
+     </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * ## Binding to a getter/setter
+ *
+ * Sometimes it's helpful to bind `ngModel` to a getter/setter function.  A getter/setter is a
+ * function that returns a representation of the model when called with zero arguments, and sets
+ * the internal state of a model when called with an argument. It's sometimes useful to use this
+ * for models that have an internal representation that's different from what the model exposes
+ * to the view.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's best to keep getters fast because Angular is likely to call them more
+ * frequently than other parts of your code.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * You use this behavior by adding `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to an element that
+ * has `ng-model` attached to it. You can also add `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to
+ * a `<form>`, which will enable this behavior for all `<input>`s within it. See
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions`} for more.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to use `ngModel` with a getter/setter:
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngModel-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="userForm">
+           <label>Name:
+             <input type="text" name="userName"
+                    ng-model="user.name"
+                    ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+           </label>
+         </form>
+         <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="app.js">
+       angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           var _name = 'Brian';
+           $scope.user = {
+             name: function(newName) {
+              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
+              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
+              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
+              //    input is invalid
+              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
+             }
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngModelDirective = ['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: ['ngModel', '^?form', '^?ngModelOptions'],
+    controller: NgModelController,
+    // Prelink needs to run before any input directive
+    // so that we can set the NgModelOptions in NgModelController
+    // before anyone else uses it.
+    priority: 1,
+    compile: function ngModelCompile(element) {
+      // Setup initial state of the control
+      element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(UNTOUCHED_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+      return {
+        pre: function ngModelPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
+              formCtrl = ctrls[1] || modelCtrl.$$parentForm;
+
+          modelCtrl.$$setOptions(ctrls[2] && ctrls[2].$options);
+
+          // notify others, especially parent forms
+          formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);
+
+          attr.$observe('name', function(newValue) {
+            if (modelCtrl.$name !== newValue) {
+              modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$$renameControl(modelCtrl, newValue);
+            }
+          });
+
+          scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+            modelCtrl.$$parentForm.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
+          });
+        },
+        post: function ngModelPostLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+          if (modelCtrl.$options && modelCtrl.$options.updateOn) {
+            element.on(modelCtrl.$options.updateOn, function(ev) {
+              modelCtrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(ev && ev.type);
+            });
+          }
+
+          element.on('blur', function(ev) {
+            if (modelCtrl.$touched) return;
+
+            if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+              scope.$evalAsync(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
+            } else {
+              scope.$apply(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var DEFAULT_REGEXP = /(\s+|^)default(\s+|$)/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngModelOptions
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Allows tuning how model updates are done. Using `ngModelOptions` you can specify a custom list of
+ * events that will trigger a model update and/or a debouncing delay so that the actual update only
+ * takes place when a timer expires; this timer will be reset after another change takes place.
+ *
+ * Given the nature of `ngModelOptions`, the value displayed inside input fields in the view might
+ * be different from the value in the actual model. This means that if you update the model you
+ * should also invoke {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`} on the relevant input field in
+ * order to make sure it is synchronized with the model and that any debounced action is canceled.
+ *
+ * The easiest way to reference the control's {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`}
+ * method is by making sure the input is placed inside a form that has a `name` attribute. This is
+ * important because `form` controllers are published to the related scope under the name in their
+ * `name` attribute.
+ *
+ * Any pending changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is submitted via the
+ * `submit` event. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * `ngModelOptions` has an effect on the element it's declared on and its descendants.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} ngModelOptions options to apply to the current model. Valid keys are:
+ *   - `updateOn`: string specifying which event should the input be bound to. You can set several
+ *     events using an space delimited list. There is a special event called `default` that
+ *     matches the default events belonging of the control.
+ *   - `debounce`: integer value which contains the debounce model update value in milliseconds. A
+ *     value of 0 triggers an immediate update. If an object is supplied instead, you can specify a
+ *     custom value for each event. For example:
+ *     `ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default blur', debounce: { 'default': 500, 'blur': 0 } }"`
+ *   - `allowInvalid`: boolean value which indicates that the model can be set with values that did
+ *     not validate correctly instead of the default behavior of setting the model to undefined.
+ *   - `getterSetter`: boolean value which determines whether or not to treat functions bound to
+       `ngModel` as getters/setters.
+ *   - `timezone`: Defines the timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model for
+ *     `<input type="date">`, `<input type="time">`, ... . It understands UTC/GMT and the
+ *     continental US time zone abbreviations, but for general use, use a time zone offset, for
+ *     example, `'+0430'` (4 hours, 30 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian)
+ *     If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ *
+ * @example
+
+  The following example shows how to override immediate updates. Changes on the inputs within the
+  form will update the model only when the control loses focus (blur event). If `escape` key is
+  pressed while the input field is focused, the value is reset to the value in the current model.
+
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-blur" module="optionsExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form name="userForm">
+          <label>Name:
+            <input type="text" name="userName"
+                   ng-model="user.name"
+                   ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
+                   ng-keyup="cancel($event)" />
+          </label><br />
+          <label>Other data:
+            <input type="text" ng-model="user.data" />
+          </label><br />
+        </form>
+        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.user = { name: 'say', data: '' };
+
+          $scope.cancel = function(e) {
+            if (e.keyCode == 27) {
+              $scope.userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue();
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var model = element(by.binding('user.name'));
+      var input = element(by.model('user.name'));
+      var other = element(by.model('user.data'));
+
+      it('should allow custom events', function() {
+        input.sendKeys(' hello');
+        input.click();
+        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
+        other.click();
+        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say hello');
+      });
+
+      it('should $rollbackViewValue when model changes', function() {
+        input.sendKeys(' hello');
+        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say hello');
+        input.sendKeys(protractor.Key.ESCAPE);
+        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say');
+        other.click();
+        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+
+  This one shows how to debounce model changes. Model will be updated only 1 sec after last change.
+  If the `Clear` button is pressed, any debounced action is canceled and the value becomes empty.
+
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-debounce" module="optionsExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form name="userForm">
+          <label>Name:
+            <input type="text" name="userName"
+                   ng-model="user.name"
+                   ng-model-options="{ debounce: 1000 }" />
+          </label>
+          <button ng-click="userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue(); user.name=''">Clear</button>
+          <br />
+        </form>
+        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.user = { name: 'say' };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
+
+  This one shows how to bind to getter/setters:
+
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form name="userForm">
+          <label>Name:
+            <input type="text" name="userName"
+                   ng-model="user.name"
+                   ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+          </label>
+        </form>
+        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          var _name = 'Brian';
+          $scope.user = {
+            name: function(newName) {
+              // Note that newName can be undefined for two reasons:
+              // 1. Because it is called as a getter and thus called with no arguments
+              // 2. Because the property should actually be set to undefined. This happens e.g. if the
+              //    input is invalid
+              return arguments.length ? (_name = newName) : _name;
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngModelOptionsDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    controller: ['$scope', '$attrs', function($scope, $attrs) {
+      var that = this;
+      this.$options = copy($scope.$eval($attrs.ngModelOptions));
+      // Allow adding/overriding bound events
+      if (isDefined(this.$options.updateOn)) {
+        this.$options.updateOnDefault = false;
+        // extract "default" pseudo-event from list of events that can trigger a model update
+        this.$options.updateOn = trim(this.$options.updateOn.replace(DEFAULT_REGEXP, function() {
+          that.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
+          return ' ';
+        }));
+      } else {
+        this.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
+      }
+    }]
+  };
+};
+
+
+
+// helper methods
+function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
+  var ctrl = context.ctrl,
+      $element = context.$element,
+      classCache = {},
+      set = context.set,
+      unset = context.unset,
+      $animate = context.$animate;
+
+  classCache[INVALID_CLASS] = !(classCache[VALID_CLASS] = $element.hasClass(VALID_CLASS));
+
+  ctrl.$setValidity = setValidity;
+
+  function setValidity(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
+    if (isUndefined(state)) {
+      createAndSet('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      unsetAndCleanup('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    }
+    if (!isBoolean(state)) {
+      unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      if (state) {
+        unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        set(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      } else {
+        set(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      }
+    }
+    if (ctrl.$pending) {
+      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, true);
+      ctrl.$valid = ctrl.$invalid = undefined;
+      toggleValidationCss('', null);
+    } else {
+      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, false);
+      ctrl.$valid = isObjectEmpty(ctrl.$error);
+      ctrl.$invalid = !ctrl.$valid;
+      toggleValidationCss('', ctrl.$valid);
+    }
+
+    // re-read the state as the set/unset methods could have
+    // combined state in ctrl.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
+    // where setting/unsetting only increments/decrements the value,
+    // and does not replace it.
+    var combinedState;
+    if (ctrl.$pending && ctrl.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = undefined;
+    } else if (ctrl.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = false;
+    } else if (ctrl.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = true;
+    } else {
+      combinedState = null;
+    }
+
+    toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, combinedState);
+    ctrl.$$parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, ctrl);
+  }
+
+  function createAndSet(name, value, controller) {
+    if (!ctrl[name]) {
+      ctrl[name] = {};
+    }
+    set(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+  }
+
+  function unsetAndCleanup(name, value, controller) {
+    if (ctrl[name]) {
+      unset(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+    }
+    if (isObjectEmpty(ctrl[name])) {
+      ctrl[name] = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function cachedToggleClass(className, switchValue) {
+    if (switchValue && !classCache[className]) {
+      $animate.addClass($element, className);
+      classCache[className] = true;
+    } else if (!switchValue && classCache[className]) {
+      $animate.removeClass($element, className);
+      classCache[className] = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
+    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+
+    cachedToggleClass(VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
+    cachedToggleClass(INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
+  }
+}
+
+function isObjectEmpty(obj) {
+  if (obj) {
+    for (var prop in obj) {
+      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngNonBindable
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @priority 1000
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
+ * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
+ * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
+ * displays snippets of code, for instance.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+ * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
+ * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
+         expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
+       });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
+
+/* global jqLiteRemove */
+
+var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOptions
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
+ * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
+ * `ngOptions` comprehension expression.
+ *
+ * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of `ngOptions` to achieve a
+ * similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits such as reducing memory and
+ * increasing speed by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance, as well as providing
+ * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression. `ngOptions` should be used when the `<select>` model needs to be bound
+ *  to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at
+ * present.
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
+ * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
+ * directive.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * ## Complex Models (objects or collections)
+ *
+ * **Note:** By default, `ngModel` watches the model by reference, not value. This is important when
+ * binding any input directive to a model that is an object or a collection.
+ *
+ * Since this is a common situation for `ngOptions` the directive additionally watches the model using
+ * `$watchCollection` when the select has the `multiple` attribute or when there is a `track by` clause in
+ * the options expression. This allows ngOptions to trigger a re-rendering of the options even if the actual
+ * object/collection has not changed identity but only a property on the object or an item in the collection
+ * changes.
+ *
+ * Note that `$watchCollection` does a shallow comparison of the properties of the object (or the items in the collection
+ * if the model is an array). This means that changing a property deeper inside the object/collection that the
+ * first level will not trigger a re-rendering.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## `select` **`as`**
+ *
+ * Using `select` **`as`** will bind the result of the `select` expression to the model, but
+ * the value of the `<select>` and `<option>` html elements will be either the index (for array data sources)
+ * or property name (for object data sources) of the value within the collection. If a **`track by`** expression
+ * is used, the result of that expression will be set as the value of the `option` and `select` elements.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### `select` **`as`** and **`track by`**
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Do not use `select` **`as`** and **`track by`** in the same expression. They are not designed to work together.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Consider the following example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <select ng-options="item.subItem as item.label for item in values track by item.id" ng-model="selected"></select>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.values = [{
+ *   id: 1,
+ *   label: 'aLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'aSubItem' }
+ * }, {
+ *   id: 2,
+ *   label: 'bLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'bSubItem' }
+ * }];
+ *
+ * $scope.selected = { name: 'aSubItem' };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * With the purpose of preserving the selection, the **`track by`** expression is always applied to the element
+ * of the data source (to `item` in this example). To calculate whether an element is selected, we do the
+ * following:
+ *
+ * 1. Apply **`track by`** to the elements in the array. In the example: `[1, 2]`
+ * 2. Apply **`track by`** to the already selected value in `ngModel`.
+ *    In the example: this is not possible as **`track by`** refers to `item.id`, but the selected
+ *    value from `ngModel` is `{name: 'aSubItem'}`, so the **`track by`** expression is applied to
+ *    a wrong object, the selected element can't be found, `<select>` is always reset to the "not
+ *    selected" option.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
+ *
+ *   * for array data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` | orderBy:`orderexpr` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *        (for including a filter with `track by`)
+ *   * for object data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`disable when`** `disable` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`disable when`** `disable`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *
+ * Where:
+ *
+ *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
+ *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
+ *      of `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
+ *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
+ *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
+ *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
+ *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
+ *      DOM element.
+ *   * `disable`: The result of this expression will be used to disable the rendered `<option>`
+ *      element. Return `true` to disable.
+ *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
+ *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
+ *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`). With this the selection is preserved
+ *      even when the options are recreated (e.g. reloaded from the server).
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="selectExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+        angular.module('selectExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.colors = [
+              {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'white', shade:'light', notAnOption: true},
+              {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'blue', shade:'dark', notAnOption: true},
+              {name:'yellow', shade:'light', notAnOption: false}
+            ];
+            $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
+          }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <ul>
+            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
+              <label>Name: <input ng-model="color.name"></label>
+              <label><input type="checkbox" ng-model="color.notAnOption"> Disabled?</label>
+              <button ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)" aria-label="Remove">X</button>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <button ng-click="colors.push({})">add</button>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+          <hr/>
+          <label>Color (null not allowed):
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select>
+          </label><br/>
+          <label>Color (null allowed):
+          <span  class="nullable">
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
+              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
+            </select>
+          </span></label><br/>
+
+          <label>Color grouped by shade:
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
+            </select>
+          </label><br/>
+
+          <label>Color grouped by shade, with some disabled:
+            <select ng-model="myColor"
+                  ng-options="color.name group by color.shade disable when color.notAnOption for color in colors">
+            </select>
+          </label><br/>
+
+
+
+          Select <button ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</button>.
+          <br/>
+          <hr/>
+          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor} }}
+          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
+               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should check ng-options', function() {
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
+           element.all(by.model('myColor')).first().click();
+           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
+           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
+           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
+         });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+
+// jshint maxlen: false
+//                     //00001111111111000000000002222222222000000000000000000000333333333300000000000000000000000004444444444400000000000005555555555555550000000006666666666666660000000777777777777777000000000000000888888888800000000000000000009999999999
+var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+disable\s+when\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/;
+                        // 1: value expression (valueFn)
+                        // 2: label expression (displayFn)
+                        // 3: group by expression (groupByFn)
+                        // 4: disable when expression (disableWhenFn)
+                        // 5: array item variable name
+                        // 6: object item key variable name
+                        // 7: object item value variable name
+                        // 8: collection expression
+                        // 9: track by expression
+// jshint maxlen: 100
+
+
+var ngOptionsDirective = ['$compile', '$parse', function($compile, $parse) {
+
+  function parseOptionsExpression(optionsExp, selectElement, scope) {
+
+    var match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP);
+    if (!(match)) {
+      throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
+        "Expected expression in form of " +
+        "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
+        " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
+        optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
+    }
+
+    // Extract the parts from the ngOptions expression
+
+    // The variable name for the value of the item in the collection
+    var valueName = match[5] || match[7];
+    // The variable name for the key of the item in the collection
+    var keyName = match[6];
+
+    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is a label expression
+    var selectAs = / as /.test(match[0]) && match[1];
+    // An expression that is used to track the id of each object in the options collection
+    var trackBy = match[9];
+    // An expression that generates the viewValue for an option if there is no label expression
+    var valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName);
+    var selectAsFn = selectAs && $parse(selectAs);
+    var viewValueFn = selectAsFn || valueFn;
+    var trackByFn = trackBy && $parse(trackBy);
+
+    // Get the value by which we are going to track the option
+    // if we have a trackFn then use that (passing scope and locals)
+    // otherwise just hash the given viewValue
+    var getTrackByValueFn = trackBy ?
+                              function(value, locals) { return trackByFn(scope, locals); } :
+                              function getHashOfValue(value) { return hashKey(value); };
+    var getTrackByValue = function(value, key) {
+      return getTrackByValueFn(value, getLocals(value, key));
+    };
+
+    var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]);
+    var groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || '');
+    var disableWhenFn = $parse(match[4] || '');
+    var valuesFn = $parse(match[8]);
+
+    var locals = {};
+    var getLocals = keyName ? function(value, key) {
+      locals[keyName] = key;
+      locals[valueName] = value;
+      return locals;
+    } : function(value) {
+      locals[valueName] = value;
+      return locals;
+    };
+
+
+    function Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled) {
+      this.selectValue = selectValue;
+      this.viewValue = viewValue;
+      this.label = label;
+      this.group = group;
+      this.disabled = disabled;
+    }
+
+    function getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues) {
+      var optionValuesKeys;
+
+      if (!keyName && isArrayLike(optionValues)) {
+        optionValuesKeys = optionValues;
+      } else {
+        // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
+        optionValuesKeys = [];
+        for (var itemKey in optionValues) {
+          if (optionValues.hasOwnProperty(itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+            optionValuesKeys.push(itemKey);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return optionValuesKeys;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      trackBy: trackBy,
+      getTrackByValue: getTrackByValue,
+      getWatchables: $parse(valuesFn, function(optionValues) {
+        // Create a collection of things that we would like to watch (watchedArray)
+        // so that they can all be watched using a single $watchCollection
+        // that only runs the handler once if anything changes
+        var watchedArray = [];
+        optionValues = optionValues || [];
+
+        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
+        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
+        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
+          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
+          var value = optionValues[key];
+
+          var locals = getLocals(optionValues[key], key);
+          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(optionValues[key], locals);
+          watchedArray.push(selectValue);
+
+          // Only need to watch the displayFn if there is a specific label expression
+          if (match[2] || match[1]) {
+            var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
+            watchedArray.push(label);
+          }
+
+          // Only need to watch the disableWhenFn if there is a specific disable expression
+          if (match[4]) {
+            var disableWhen = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
+            watchedArray.push(disableWhen);
+          }
+        }
+        return watchedArray;
+      }),
+
+      getOptions: function() {
+
+        var optionItems = [];
+        var selectValueMap = {};
+
+        // The option values were already computed in the `getWatchables` fn,
+        // which must have been called to trigger `getOptions`
+        var optionValues = valuesFn(scope) || [];
+        var optionValuesKeys = getOptionValuesKeys(optionValues);
+        var optionValuesLength = optionValuesKeys.length;
+
+        for (var index = 0; index < optionValuesLength; index++) {
+          var key = (optionValues === optionValuesKeys) ? index : optionValuesKeys[index];
+          var value = optionValues[key];
+          var locals = getLocals(value, key);
+          var viewValue = viewValueFn(scope, locals);
+          var selectValue = getTrackByValueFn(viewValue, locals);
+          var label = displayFn(scope, locals);
+          var group = groupByFn(scope, locals);
+          var disabled = disableWhenFn(scope, locals);
+          var optionItem = new Option(selectValue, viewValue, label, group, disabled);
+
+          optionItems.push(optionItem);
+          selectValueMap[selectValue] = optionItem;
+        }
+
+        return {
+          items: optionItems,
+          selectValueMap: selectValueMap,
+          getOptionFromViewValue: function(value) {
+            return selectValueMap[getTrackByValue(value)];
+          },
+          getViewValueFromOption: function(option) {
+            // If the viewValue could be an object that may be mutated by the application,
+            // we need to make a copy and not return the reference to the value on the option.
+            return trackBy ? angular.copy(option.viewValue) : option.viewValue;
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+
+  // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+  var optionTemplate = document.createElement('option'),
+      optGroupTemplate = document.createElement('optgroup');
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    terminal: true,
+    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
+    link: function(scope, selectElement, attr, ctrls) {
+
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      var multiple = attr.multiple;
+
+      // The emptyOption allows the application developer to provide their own custom "empty"
+      // option when the viewValue does not match any of the option values.
+      var emptyOption;
+      for (var i = 0, children = selectElement.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        if (children[i].value === '') {
+          emptyOption = children.eq(i);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      var providedEmptyOption = !!emptyOption;
+
+      var unknownOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
+      unknownOption.val('?');
+
+      var options;
+      var ngOptions = parseOptionsExpression(attr.ngOptions, selectElement, scope);
+
+
+      var renderEmptyOption = function() {
+        if (!providedEmptyOption) {
+          selectElement.prepend(emptyOption);
+        }
+        selectElement.val('');
+        emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
+        emptyOption.attr('selected', true);
+      };
+
+      var removeEmptyOption = function() {
+        if (!providedEmptyOption) {
+          emptyOption.remove();
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      var renderUnknownOption = function() {
+        selectElement.prepend(unknownOption);
+        selectElement.val('?');
+        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
+        unknownOption.attr('selected', true);
+      };
+
+      var removeUnknownOption = function() {
+        unknownOption.remove();
+      };
+
+
+      // Update the controller methods for multiple selectable options
+      if (!multiple) {
+
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsValue(value) {
+          var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(value);
+
+          if (option && !option.disabled) {
+            if (selectElement[0].value !== option.selectValue) {
+              removeUnknownOption();
+              removeEmptyOption();
+
+              selectElement[0].value = option.selectValue;
+              option.element.selected = true;
+              option.element.setAttribute('selected', 'selected');
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (value === null || providedEmptyOption) {
+              removeUnknownOption();
+              renderEmptyOption();
+            } else {
+              removeEmptyOption();
+              renderUnknownOption();
+            }
+          }
+        };
+
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsValue() {
+
+          var selectedOption = options.selectValueMap[selectElement.val()];
+
+          if (selectedOption && !selectedOption.disabled) {
+            removeEmptyOption();
+            removeUnknownOption();
+            return options.getViewValueFromOption(selectedOption);
+          }
+          return null;
+        };
+
+        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch the tracked value on the model
+        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+          scope.$watch(
+            function() { return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue); },
+            function() { ngModelCtrl.$render(); }
+          );
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+          return !value || value.length === 0;
+        };
+
+
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeNgOptionsMultiple(value) {
+          options.items.forEach(function(option) {
+            option.element.selected = false;
+          });
+
+          if (value) {
+            value.forEach(function(item) {
+              var option = options.getOptionFromViewValue(item);
+              if (option && !option.disabled) option.element.selected = true;
+            });
+          }
+        };
+
+
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readNgOptionsMultiple() {
+          var selectedValues = selectElement.val() || [],
+              selections = [];
+
+          forEach(selectedValues, function(value) {
+            var option = options.selectValueMap[value];
+            if (option && !option.disabled) selections.push(options.getViewValueFromOption(option));
+          });
+
+          return selections;
+        };
+
+        // If we are using `track by` then we must watch these tracked values on the model
+        // since ngModel only watches for object identity change
+        if (ngOptions.trackBy) {
+
+          scope.$watchCollection(function() {
+            if (isArray(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
+              return ngModelCtrl.$viewValue.map(function(value) {
+                return ngOptions.getTrackByValue(value);
+              });
+            }
+          }, function() {
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          });
+
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      if (providedEmptyOption) {
+
+        // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
+        // remove the label from the element. wtf?
+        emptyOption.remove();
+
+        // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
+        $compile(emptyOption)(scope);
+
+        // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
+        // becomes the compilation root
+        emptyOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+      } else {
+        emptyOption = jqLite(optionTemplate.cloneNode(false));
+      }
+
+      // We need to do this here to ensure that the options object is defined
+      // when we first hit it in writeNgOptionsValue
+      updateOptions();
+
+      // We will re-render the option elements if the option values or labels change
+      scope.$watchCollection(ngOptions.getWatchables, updateOptions);
+
+      // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
+
+
+      function updateOptionElement(option, element) {
+        option.element = element;
+        element.disabled = option.disabled;
+        // NOTE: The label must be set before the value, otherwise IE10/11/EDGE create unresponsive
+        // selects in certain circumstances when multiple selects are next to each other and display
+        // the option list in listbox style, i.e. the select is [multiple], or specifies a [size].
+        // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/11314 for more info.
+        // This is unfortunately untestable with unit / e2e tests
+        if (option.label !== element.label) {
+          element.label = option.label;
+          element.textContent = option.label;
+        }
+        if (option.value !== element.value) element.value = option.selectValue;
+      }
+
+      function addOrReuseElement(parent, current, type, templateElement) {
+        var element;
+        // Check whether we can reuse the next element
+        if (current && lowercase(current.nodeName) === type) {
+          // The next element is the right type so reuse it
+          element = current;
+        } else {
+          // The next element is not the right type so create a new one
+          element = templateElement.cloneNode(false);
+          if (!current) {
+            // There are no more elements so just append it to the select
+            parent.appendChild(element);
+          } else {
+            // The next element is not a group so insert the new one
+            parent.insertBefore(element, current);
+          }
+        }
+        return element;
+      }
+
+
+      function removeExcessElements(current) {
+        var next;
+        while (current) {
+          next = current.nextSibling;
+          jqLiteRemove(current);
+          current = next;
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      function skipEmptyAndUnknownOptions(current) {
+        var emptyOption_ = emptyOption && emptyOption[0];
+        var unknownOption_ = unknownOption && unknownOption[0];
+
+        if (emptyOption_ || unknownOption_) {
+          while (current &&
+                (current === emptyOption_ ||
+                current === unknownOption_ ||
+                emptyOption_ && emptyOption_.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT)) {
+            // Empty options might have directives that transclude
+            // and insert comments (e.g. ngIf)
+            current = current.nextSibling;
+          }
+        }
+        return current;
+      }
+
+
+      function updateOptions() {
+
+        var previousValue = options && selectCtrl.readValue();
+
+        options = ngOptions.getOptions();
+
+        var groupMap = {};
+        var currentElement = selectElement[0].firstChild;
+
+        // Ensure that the empty option is always there if it was explicitly provided
+        if (providedEmptyOption) {
+          selectElement.prepend(emptyOption);
+        }
+
+        currentElement = skipEmptyAndUnknownOptions(currentElement);
+
+        options.items.forEach(function updateOption(option) {
+          var group;
+          var groupElement;
+          var optionElement;
+
+          if (option.group) {
+
+            // This option is to live in a group
+            // See if we have already created this group
+            group = groupMap[option.group];
+
+            if (!group) {
+
+              // We have not already created this group
+              groupElement = addOrReuseElement(selectElement[0],
+                                               currentElement,
+                                               'optgroup',
+                                               optGroupTemplate);
+              // Move to the next element
+              currentElement = groupElement.nextSibling;
+
+              // Update the label on the group element
+              groupElement.label = option.group;
+
+              // Store it for use later
+              group = groupMap[option.group] = {
+                groupElement: groupElement,
+                currentOptionElement: groupElement.firstChild
+              };
+
+            }
+
+            // So now we have a group for this option we add the option to the group
+            optionElement = addOrReuseElement(group.groupElement,
+                                              group.currentOptionElement,
+                                              'option',
+                                              optionTemplate);
+            updateOptionElement(option, optionElement);
+            // Move to the next element
+            group.currentOptionElement = optionElement.nextSibling;
+
+          } else {
+
+            // This option is not in a group
+            optionElement = addOrReuseElement(selectElement[0],
+                                              currentElement,
+                                              'option',
+                                              optionTemplate);
+            updateOptionElement(option, optionElement);
+            // Move to the next element
+            currentElement = optionElement.nextSibling;
+          }
+        });
+
+
+        // Now remove all excess options and group
+        Object.keys(groupMap).forEach(function(key) {
+          removeExcessElements(groupMap[key].currentOptionElement);
+        });
+        removeExcessElements(currentElement);
+
+        ngModelCtrl.$render();
+
+        // Check to see if the value has changed due to the update to the options
+        if (!ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty(previousValue)) {
+          var nextValue = selectCtrl.readValue();
+          if (ngOptions.trackBy ? !equals(previousValue, nextValue) : previousValue !== nextValue) {
+            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(nextValue);
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPluralize
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
+ * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
+ * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
+ * by specifying the mappings between
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * and the strings to be displayed.
+ *
+ * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
+ * There are two
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
+ * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
+ * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
+ * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
+ *
+ * # Configuring ngPluralize
+ * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
+ * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
+ *
+ * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
+ * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
+ *
+ * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
+ * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ *```
+ *
+ * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
+ * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
+ * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
+ * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
+ * show "a dozen people are viewing".
+ *
+ * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
+ * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
+ * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
+ * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
+ *
+ * If no rule is defined for a category, then an empty string is displayed and a warning is generated.
+ * Note that some locales define more categories than `one` and `other`. For example, fr-fr defines `few` and `many`.
+ *
+ * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
+ * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
+ * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
+ * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
+ * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
+ * Let's take a look at an example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+ *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+ *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
+ * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
+ * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
+ * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
+ * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
+ * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
+ * is shown.
+ *
+ * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
+ * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
+ * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
+ * plural categories "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
+ * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
+ * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="pluralizeExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+          angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
+              $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
+              $scope.personCount = 1;
+            }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <label>Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /></label><br/>
+          <label>Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /></label><br/>
+          <label>Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /></label><br/>
+
+          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
+          Without Offset:
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize><br>
+
+          <!--- Example with offset --->
+          With Offset(2):
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
+          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('0');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('2');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('3');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('4');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
+          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
+          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
+          personCount.clear();
+          personCount.sendKeys('4');
+          person1.clear();
+          person1.sendKeys('Di');
+          person2.clear();
+          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', '$log', function($locale, $interpolate, $log) {
+  var BRACE = /{}/g,
+      IS_WHEN = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;
+
+  return {
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      var numberExp = attr.count,
+          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
+          offset = attr.offset || 0,
+          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
+          whensExpFns = {},
+          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+          braceReplacement = startSymbol + numberExp + '-' + offset + endSymbol,
+          watchRemover = angular.noop,
+          lastCount;
+
+      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
+        var tmpMatch = IS_WHEN.exec(attributeName);
+        if (tmpMatch) {
+          var whenKey = (tmpMatch[1] ? '-' : '') + lowercase(tmpMatch[2]);
+          whens[whenKey] = element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
+        }
+      });
+      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
+        whensExpFns[key] = $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, braceReplacement));
+
+      });
+
+      scope.$watch(numberExp, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
+        var count = parseFloat(newVal);
+        var countIsNaN = isNaN(count);
+
+        if (!countIsNaN && !(count in whens)) {
+          // If an explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it.
+          // Otherwise, check it against pluralization rules in $locale service.
+          count = $locale.pluralCat(count - offset);
+        }
+
+        // If both `count` and `lastCount` are NaN, we don't need to re-register a watch.
+        // In JS `NaN !== NaN`, so we have to exlicitly check.
+        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNumber(lastCount) && isNaN(lastCount))) {
+          watchRemover();
+          var whenExpFn = whensExpFns[count];
+          if (isUndefined(whenExpFn)) {
+            if (newVal != null) {
+              $log.debug("ngPluralize: no rule defined for '" + count + "' in " + whenExp);
+            }
+            watchRemover = noop;
+            updateElementText();
+          } else {
+            watchRemover = scope.$watch(whenExpFn, updateElementText);
+          }
+          lastCount = count;
+        }
+      });
+
+      function updateElementText(newText) {
+        element.text(newText || '');
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngRepeat
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
+ * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
+ * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
+ *
+ * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
+ *
+ * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
+ * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
+ * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
+ * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
+ * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
+ * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
+ * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ *   Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
+ *   This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ *
+ * # Iterating over object properties
+ *
+ * It is possible to get `ngRepeat` to iterate over the properties of an object using the following
+ * syntax:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in myObj"> ... </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You need to be aware that the JavaScript specification does not define the order of keys
+ * returned for an object. (To mitigate this in Angular 1.3 the `ngRepeat` directive
+ * used to sort the keys alphabetically.)
+ *
+ * Version 1.4 removed the alphabetic sorting. We now rely on the order returned by the browser
+ * when running `for key in myObj`. It seems that browsers generally follow the strategy of providing
+ * keys in the order in which they were defined, although there are exceptions when keys are deleted
+ * and reinstated. See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete#Cross-browser_issues
+ *
+ * If this is not desired, the recommended workaround is to convert your object into an array
+ * that is sorted into the order that you prefer before providing it to `ngRepeat`.  You could
+ * do this with a filter such as [toArrayFilter](http://ngmodules.org/modules/angular-toArrayFilter)
+ * or implement a `$watch` on the object yourself.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Tracking and Duplicates
+ *
+ * When the contents of the collection change, `ngRepeat` makes the corresponding changes to the DOM:
+ *
+ * * When an item is added, a new instance of the template is added to the DOM.
+ * * When an item is removed, its template instance is removed from the DOM.
+ * * When items are reordered, their respective templates are reordered in the DOM.
+ *
+ * By default, `ngRepeat` does not allow duplicate items in arrays. This is because when
+ * there are duplicates, it is not possible to maintain a one-to-one mapping between collection
+ * items and DOM elements.
+ *
+ * If you do need to repeat duplicate items, you can substitute the default tracking behavior
+ * with your own using the `track by` expression.
+ *
+ * For example, you may track items by the index of each item in the collection, using the
+ * special scope property `$index`:
+ * ```html
+ *    <div ng-repeat="n in [42, 42, 43, 43] track by $index">
+ *      {{n}}
+ *    </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You may use arbitrary expressions in `track by`, including references to custom functions
+ * on the scope:
+ * ```html
+ *    <div ng-repeat="n in [42, 42, 43, 43] track by myTrackingFunction(n)">
+ *      {{n}}
+ *    </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * If you are working with objects that have an identifier property, you can track
+ * by the identifier instead of the whole object. Should you reload your data later, `ngRepeat`
+ * will not have to rebuild the DOM elements for items it has already rendered, even if the
+ * JavaScript objects in the collection have been substituted for new ones:
+ * ```html
+ *    <div ng-repeat="model in collection track by model.id">
+ *      {{model.name}}
+ *    </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When no `track by` expression is provided, it is equivalent to tracking by the built-in
+ * `$id` function, which tracks items by their identity:
+ * ```html
+ *    <div ng-repeat="obj in collection track by $id(obj)">
+ *      {{obj.prop}}
+ *    </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** `track by` must always be the last expression:
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ * <div ng-repeat="model in collection | orderBy: 'id' as filtered_result track by model.id">
+ *     {{model.name}}
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * # Special repeat start and end points
+ * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
+ * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
+ * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
+ * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
+ *
+ * The example below makes use of this feature:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
+ *     Header {{ item }}
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body {{ item }}
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
+ *     Footer {{ item }}
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header A
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body A
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer A
+ *   </footer>
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header B
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body B
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer B
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
+ * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * **.enter** - when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter
+ *
+ * **.leave** - when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out
+ *
+ * **.move** - when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
+ *   formats are currently supported:
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
+ *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
+ *
+ *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
+ *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking expression
+ *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking expression
+ *     is specified, ng-repeat associates elements by identity. It is an error to have
+ *     more than one tracking expression value resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
+ *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)
+ *
+ *     Note that the tracking expression must come last, after any filters, and the alias expression.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`. This implies that the DOM elements
+ *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
+ *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
+ *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
+ *     element in the same way in the DOM.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
+ *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
+ *     property is same.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
+ *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
+ *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
+ *     when a filter is active on the repeater, but the filtered result set is empty.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
+ *     the items have been processed through the filter.
+ *
+ *     Please note that `as [variable name] is not an operator but rather a part of ngRepeat micro-syntax so it can be used only at the end
+ *     (and not as operator, inside an expression).
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter : x | orderBy : order | limitTo : limit as results` .
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example initializes the scope to a list of names and
+ * then uses `ngRepeat` to display every person:
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-init="friends = [
+        {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
+      ]">
+        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
+        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." aria-label="filter friends" />
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results">
+            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length == 0">
+            <strong>No results found...</strong>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:40px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:40px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));
+
+      it('should render initial data set', function() {
+        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
+        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
+        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
+            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
+      });
+
+       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+
+         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');
+
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
+         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
+         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+       });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', function($parse, $animate) {
+  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
+  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
+
+  var updateScope = function(scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, arrayLength) {
+    // TODO(perf): generate setters to shave off ~40ms or 1-1.5%
+    scope[valueIdentifier] = value;
+    if (keyIdentifier) scope[keyIdentifier] = key;
+    scope.$index = index;
+    scope.$first = (index === 0);
+    scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
+    scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
+    // jshint bitwise: false
+    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
+    // jshint bitwise: true
+  };
+
+  var getBlockStart = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[0];
+  };
+
+  var getBlockEnd = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
+  };
+
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 1000,
+    terminal: true,
+    $$tlb: true,
+    compile: function ngRepeatCompile($element, $attr) {
+      var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
+      var ngRepeatEndComment = document.createComment(' end ngRepeat: ' + expression + ' ');
+
+      var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
+            expression);
+      }
+
+      var lhs = match[1];
+      var rhs = match[2];
+      var aliasAs = match[3];
+      var trackByExp = match[4];
+
+      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[\$\w]+)|\(\s*([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
+            lhs);
+      }
+      var valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
+      var keyIdentifier = match[2];
+
+      if (aliasAs && (!/^[$a-zA-Z_][$a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(aliasAs) ||
+          /^(null|undefined|this|\$index|\$first|\$middle|\$last|\$even|\$odd|\$parent|\$root|\$id)$/.test(aliasAs))) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', "alias '{0}' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.",
+          aliasAs);
+      }
+
+      var trackByExpGetter, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn;
+      var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+
+      if (trackByExp) {
+        trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
+      } else {
+        trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
+          return hashKey(value);
+        };
+        trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
+          return key;
+        };
+      }
+
+      return function ngRepeatLink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+
+        if (trackByExpGetter) {
+          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
+            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
+            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
+            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
+            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
+            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
+          };
+        }
+
+        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
+        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
+        //   - scope: bound scope
+        //   - element: previous element.
+        //   - index: position
+        //
+        // We are using no-proto object so that we don't need to guard against inherited props via
+        // hasOwnProperty.
+        var lastBlockMap = createMap();
+
+        //watch props
+        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection) {
+          var index, length,
+              previousNode = $element[0],     // node that cloned nodes should be inserted after
+                                              // initialized to the comment node anchor
+              nextNode,
+              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
+              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
+              nextBlockMap = createMap(),
+              collectionLength,
+              key, value, // key/value of iteration
+              trackById,
+              trackByIdFn,
+              collectionKeys,
+              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
+              nextBlockOrder,
+              elementsToRemove;
+
+          if (aliasAs) {
+            $scope[aliasAs] = collection;
+          }
+
+          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
+            collectionKeys = collection;
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
+          } else {
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
+            // if object, extract keys, in enumeration order, unsorted
+            collectionKeys = [];
+            for (var itemKey in collection) {
+              if (hasOwnProperty.call(collection, itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) !== '$') {
+                collectionKeys.push(itemKey);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          collectionLength = collectionKeys.length;
+          nextBlockOrder = new Array(collectionLength);
+
+          // locate existing items
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
+            if (lastBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // found previously seen block
+              block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
+            } else if (nextBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // if collision detected. restore lastBlockMap and throw an error
+              forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
+                if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+              });
+              throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes',
+                  "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}",
+                  expression, trackById, value);
+            } else {
+              // new never before seen block
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = {id: trackById, scope: undefined, clone: undefined};
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // remove leftover items
+          for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
+            block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
+            elementsToRemove = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+            $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
+            if (elementsToRemove[0].parentNode) {
+              // if the element was not removed yet because of pending animation, mark it as deleted
+              // so that we can ignore it later
+              for (index = 0, length = elementsToRemove.length; index < length; index++) {
+                elementsToRemove[index][NG_REMOVED] = true;
+              }
+            }
+            block.scope.$destroy();
+          }
+
+          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
+
+            if (block.scope) {
+              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
+              // associated scope/element
+
+              nextNode = previousNode;
+
+              // skip nodes that are already pending removal via leave animation
+              do {
+                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
+              } while (nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
+
+              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
+                // existing item which got moved
+                $animate.move(getBlockNodes(block.clone), null, jqLite(previousNode));
+              }
+              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
+              updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+            } else {
+              // new item which we don't know about
+              $transclude(function ngRepeatTransclude(clone, scope) {
+                block.scope = scope;
+                // http://jsperf.com/clone-vs-createcomment
+                var endNode = ngRepeatEndComment.cloneNode(false);
+                clone[clone.length++] = endNode;
+
+                // TODO(perf): support naked previousNode in `enter` to avoid creation of jqLite wrapper?
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, jqLite(previousNode));
+                previousNode = endNode;
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block.clone = clone;
+                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+                updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+              });
+            }
+          }
+          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var NG_HIDE_CLASS = 'ng-hide';
+var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngShow
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
+ * provided to the `ngShow` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
+ * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
+ * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
+ * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is !important used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
+ * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
+ * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
+ * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
+ * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
+ * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
+ * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
+ * class CSS. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope
+ * with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
+ *
+ * ## A note about animations with `ngShow`
+ *
+ * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
+ * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
+ * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
+ * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * //
+ * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
+ * //
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   /&#42; this is required as of 1.3x to properly
+ *      apply all styling in a show/hide animation &#42;/
+ *   transition: 0s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add-active,
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove-active {
+ *   /&#42; the transition is defined in the active class &#42;/
+ *   transition: 1s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3.0-beta.11, there is no need to change the display
+ * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * addClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and the just before contents are set to visible
+ * removeClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
+ *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngHide"><br/>
+      <div>
+        Show:
+        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div>
+        Hide:
+        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="glyphicons.css">
+      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show {
+        line-height: 20px;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show.ng-hide-add, .animate-show.ng-hide-remove {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show.ng-hide {
+        line-height: 0;
+        opacity: 0;
+        padding: 0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
+      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
+
+      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+
+        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value) {
+        // we're adding a temporary, animation-specific class for ng-hide since this way
+        // we can control when the element is actually displayed on screen without having
+        // to have a global/greedy CSS selector that breaks when other animations are run.
+        // Read: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9103#issuecomment-58335845
+        $animate[value ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHide
+ * @multiElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
+ * provided to the `ngHide` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
+ * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
+ * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
+ * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
+ * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is !important used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
+ * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
+ * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
+ * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
+ * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
+ * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
+ * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
+ * class in CSS:
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide {
+ *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
+ *
+ * ## A note about animations with `ngHide`
+ *
+ * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
+ * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is added and removed for you instead of your own CSS class.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * //
+ * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
+ * //
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition: 0.5s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3.0-beta.11, there is no need to change the display
+ * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * removeClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
+ * addClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to visible
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
+ *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" aria-label="Toggle ngShow"><br/>
+      <div>
+        Show:
+        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div>
+        Hide:
+        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="glyphicons.css">
+      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-hide {
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+        line-height: 20px;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+
+      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
+        line-height: 0;
+        opacity: 0;
+        padding: 0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
+      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
+
+      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+
+        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value) {
+        // The comment inside of the ngShowDirective explains why we add and
+        // remove a temporary class for the show/hide animation
+        $animate[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element,NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngStyle
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngStyle
+ *
+ * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
+ * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
+ * keys.
+ *
+ * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
+ * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
+        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
+        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
+        <br/>
+        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
+        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       span {
+         color: black;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));
+
+       it('should check ng-style', function() {
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
+         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)');
+         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
+  scope.$watch(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
+    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
+      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
+    }
+    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
+  }, true);
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSwitch
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
+ * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
+ * as specified in the template.
+ *
+ * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
+ * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
+ * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
+ * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
+ * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
+ * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
+ * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
+ * attribute is displayed.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
+ * as literal string values to match against.
+ * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
+ * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
+ * </div>
+
+ * @animations
+ * enter - happens after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container
+ * leave - happens just after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1200
+ * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <code>ng-switch-when</code>.
+ * On child elements add:
+ *
+ * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
+ *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
+ *   elements will be displayed.
+ * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
+ *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
+ *   case match.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
+        </select>
+        <code>selection={{selection}}</code>
+        <hr/>
+        <div class="animate-switch-container"
+          ng-switch on="selection">
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
+          $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-switch-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
+      var select = element(by.model('selection'));
+
+      it('should start in settings', function() {
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should change to home', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
+      });
+      it('should select default', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    require: 'ngSwitch',
+
+    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
+     this.cases = {};
+    }],
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
+      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
+          selectedTranscludes = [],
+          selectedElements = [],
+          previousLeaveAnimations = [],
+          selectedScopes = [];
+
+      var spliceFactory = function(array, index) {
+          return function() { array.splice(index, 1); };
+      };
+
+      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
+        var i, ii;
+        for (i = 0, ii = previousLeaveAnimations.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations[i]);
+        }
+        previousLeaveAnimations.length = 0;
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          var selected = getBlockNodes(selectedElements[i].clone);
+          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
+          var promise = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
+          promise.then(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
+        }
+
+        selectedElements.length = 0;
+        selectedScopes.length = 0;
+
+        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
+          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
+            selectedTransclude.transclude(function(caseElement, selectedScope) {
+              selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
+              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
+              caseElement[caseElement.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngSwitchWhen: ');
+              var block = { clone: caseElement };
+
+              selectedElements.push(block);
+              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+  }
+});
+
+var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+   }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngTransclude
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
+ *
+ * Any existing content of the element that this directive is placed on will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="transcludeExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('transcludeExample', [])
+          .directive('pane', function(){
+             return {
+               restrict: 'E',
+               transclude: true,
+               scope: { title:'@' },
+               template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+                           '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
+                           '<ng-transclude></ng-transclude>' +
+                         '</div>'
+             };
+         })
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+           $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+         }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input ng-model="title" aria-label="title"> <br/>
+         <textarea ng-model="text" aria-label="text"></textarea> <br/>
+         <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should have transcluded', function() {
+          var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
+          titleElement.clear();
+          titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
+          var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
+          textElement.clear();
+          textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
+          expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
+          expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
+        });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngTranscludeDirective = ngDirective({
+  restrict: 'EAC',
+  link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
+    if (!$transclude) {
+      throw minErr('ngTransclude')('orphan',
+       'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
+       'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
+       'Element: {0}',
+       startingTag($element));
+    }
+
+    $transclude(function(clone) {
+      $element.empty();
+      $element.append(clone);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name script
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
+ * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
+ * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
+ * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
+ * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
+ * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
+        Content of the template.
+      </script>
+
+      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
+      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
+        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
+        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
+        var templateUrl = attr.id,
+            text = element[0].text;
+
+        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var noopNgModelController = { $setViewValue: noop, $render: noop };
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name  select.SelectController
+ * @description
+ * The controller for the `<select>` directive. This provides support for reading
+ * and writing the selected value(s) of the control and also coordinates dynamically
+ * added `<option>` elements, perhaps by an `ngRepeat` directive.
+ */
+var SelectController =
+        ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function($element, $scope, $attrs) {
+
+  var self = this,
+      optionsMap = new HashMap();
+
+  // If the ngModel doesn't get provided then provide a dummy noop version to prevent errors
+  self.ngModelCtrl = noopNgModelController;
+
+  // The "unknown" option is one that is prepended to the list if the viewValue
+  // does not match any of the options. When it is rendered the value of the unknown
+  // option is '? XXX ?' where XXX is the hashKey of the value that is not known.
+  //
+  // We can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+  // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+  self.unknownOption = jqLite(document.createElement('option'));
+  self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
+    var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+    self.unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+    $element.prepend(self.unknownOption);
+    $element.val(unknownVal);
+  };
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
+    self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
+  });
+
+  self.removeUnknownOption = function() {
+    if (self.unknownOption.parent()) self.unknownOption.remove();
+  };
+
+
+  // Read the value of the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
+  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
+  self.readValue = function readSingleValue() {
+    self.removeUnknownOption();
+    return $element.val();
+  };
+
+
+  // Write the value to the select control, the implementation of this changes depending
+  // upon whether the select can have multiple values and whether ngOptions is at work.
+  self.writeValue = function writeSingleValue(value) {
+    if (self.hasOption(value)) {
+      self.removeUnknownOption();
+      $element.val(value);
+      if (value === '') self.emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
+    } else {
+      if (value == null && self.emptyOption) {
+        self.removeUnknownOption();
+        $element.val('');
+      } else {
+        self.renderUnknownOption(value);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been added
+  self.addOption = function(value, element) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
+    if (value === '') {
+      self.emptyOption = element;
+    }
+    var count = optionsMap.get(value) || 0;
+    optionsMap.put(value, count + 1);
+  };
+
+  // Tell the select control that an option, with the given value, has been removed
+  self.removeOption = function(value) {
+    var count = optionsMap.get(value);
+    if (count) {
+      if (count === 1) {
+        optionsMap.remove(value);
+        if (value === '') {
+          self.emptyOption = undefined;
+        }
+      } else {
+        optionsMap.put(value, count - 1);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Check whether the select control has an option matching the given value
+  self.hasOption = function(value) {
+    return !!optionsMap.get(value);
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name select
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
+ *
+ * The `select` directive is used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`} to provide data-binding
+ * between the scope and the `<select>` control (including setting default values).
+ * Ìt also handles dynamic `<option>` elements, which can be added using the {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat}` or
+ * {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`} directives.
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the value of the selected option will be bound
+ * to the model identified by the `ngModel` directive. With static or repeated options, this is
+ * the content of the `value` attribute or the textContent of the `<option>`, if the value attribute is missing.
+ * If you want dynamic value attributes, you can use interpolation inside the value attribute.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Note that the value of a `select` directive used without `ngOptions` is always a string.
+ * When the model needs to be bound to a non-string value, you must either explictly convert it
+ * using a directive (see example below) or use `ngOptions` to specify the set of options.
+ * This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at present.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * If the viewValue of `ngModel` does not match any of the options, then the control
+ * will automatically add an "unknown" option, which it then removes when the mismatch is resolved.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of {@link ng.directive:ngOptions
+ * ngOptions} to achieve a similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits, such as
+ * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression, and additionally in reducing memory and increasing speed by not creating
+ * a new scope for each repeated instance.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds required attribute and required validation constraint to
+ * the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use ngRequired instead of required
+ * when you want to data-bind to the required attribute.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when selected option(s) changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the select element.
+ * @param {string=} ngOptions sets the options that the select is populated with and defines what is
+ * set on the model on selection. See {@link ngOptions `ngOptions`}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Simple `select` elements with static options
+ *
+ * <example name="static-select" module="staticSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *
+ *     <label for="singleSelect"> Single select with "not selected" option and dynamic option values: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="singleSelect" id="singleSelect" ng-model="data.singleSelect">
+ *       <option value="">---Please select---</option> <!-- not selected / blank option -->
+ *       <option value="{{data.option1}}">Option 1</option> <!-- interpolation -->
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <button ng-click="forceUnknownOption()">Force unknown option</button><br>
+ *     <tt>singleSelect = {{data.singleSelect}}</tt>
+ *
+ *     <hr>
+ *     <label for="multipleSelect"> Multiple select: </label><br>
+ *     <select name="multipleSelect" id="multipleSelect" ng-model="data.multipleSelect" multiple>
+ *       <option value="option-1">Option 1</option>
+ *       <option value="option-2">Option 2</option>
+ *       <option value="option-3">Option 3</option>
+ *     </select><br>
+ *     <tt>multipleSelect = {{data.multipleSelect}}</tt><br/>
+ *   </form>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('staticSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       singleSelect: null,
+ *       multipleSelect: [],
+ *       option1: 'option-1',
+ *      };
+ *
+ *      $scope.forceUnknownOption = function() {
+ *        $scope.data.singleSelect = 'nonsense';
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ * ### Using `ngRepeat` to generate `select` options
+ * <example name="ngrepeat-select" module="ngrepeatSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="repeatSelect"> Repeat select: </label>
+ *     <select name="repeatSelect" id="repeatSelect" ng-model="data.repeatSelect">
+ *       <option ng-repeat="option in data.availableOptions" value="{{option.id}}">{{option.name}}</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <tt>repeatSelect = {{data.repeatSelect}}</tt><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('ngrepeatSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       repeatSelect: null,
+ *       availableOptions: [
+ *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
+ *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
+ *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
+ *       ],
+ *      };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Using `select` with `ngOptions` and setting a default value
+ * See the {@link ngOptions ngOptions documentation} for more `ngOptions` usage examples.
+ *
+ * <example name="select-with-default-values" module="defaultValueSelect">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ * <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *   <form name="myForm">
+ *     <label for="mySelect">Make a choice:</label>
+ *     <select name="mySelect" id="mySelect"
+ *       ng-options="option.name for option in data.availableOptions track by option.id"
+ *       ng-model="data.selectedOption"></select>
+ *   </form>
+ *   <hr>
+ *   <tt>option = {{data.selectedOption}}</tt><br/>
+ * </div>
+ * </file>
+ * <file name="app.js">
+ *  angular.module('defaultValueSelect', [])
+ *    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *      $scope.data = {
+ *       availableOptions: [
+ *         {id: '1', name: 'Option A'},
+ *         {id: '2', name: 'Option B'},
+ *         {id: '3', name: 'Option C'}
+ *       ],
+ *       selectedOption: {id: '3', name: 'Option C'} //This sets the default value of the select in the ui
+ *       };
+ *   }]);
+ * </file>
+ *</example>
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Binding `select` to a non-string value via `ngModel` parsing / formatting
+ *
+ * <example name="select-with-non-string-options" module="nonStringSelect">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <select ng-model="model.id" convert-to-number>
+ *       <option value="0">Zero</option>
+ *       <option value="1">One</option>
+ *       <option value="2">Two</option>
+ *     </select>
+ *     {{ model }}
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *     angular.module('nonStringSelect', [])
+ *       .run(function($rootScope) {
+ *         $rootScope.model = { id: 2 };
+ *       })
+ *       .directive('convertToNumber', function() {
+ *         return {
+ *           require: 'ngModel',
+ *           link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+ *             ngModel.$parsers.push(function(val) {
+ *               return parseInt(val, 10);
+ *             });
+ *             ngModel.$formatters.push(function(val) {
+ *               return '' + val;
+ *             });
+ *           }
+ *         };
+ *       });
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
+ *       var select = element(by.css('select'));
+ *       expect(element(by.model('model.id')).$('option:checked').getText()).toEqual('Two');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ */
+var selectDirective = function() {
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
+    controller: SelectController,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      var ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      if (!ngModelCtrl) return;
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0];
+
+      selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl;
+
+      // We delegate rendering to the `writeValue` method, which can be changed
+      // if the select can have multiple selected values or if the options are being
+      // generated by `ngOptions`
+      ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
+        selectCtrl.writeValue(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
+      };
+
+      // When the selected item(s) changes we delegate getting the value of the select control
+      // to the `readValue` method, which can be changed if the select can have multiple
+      // selected values or if the options are being generated by `ngOptions`
+      element.on('change', function() {
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectCtrl.readValue());
+        });
+      });
+
+      // If the select allows multiple values then we need to modify how we read and write
+      // values from and to the control; also what it means for the value to be empty and
+      // we have to add an extra watch since ngModel doesn't work well with arrays - it
+      // doesn't trigger rendering if only an item in the array changes.
+      if (attr.multiple) {
+
+        // Read value now needs to check each option to see if it is selected
+        selectCtrl.readValue = function readMultipleValue() {
+          var array = [];
+          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
+            if (option.selected) {
+              array.push(option.value);
+            }
+          });
+          return array;
+        };
+
+        // Write value now needs to set the selected property of each matching option
+        selectCtrl.writeValue = function writeMultipleValue(value) {
+          var items = new HashMap(value);
+          forEach(element.find('option'), function(option) {
+            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
+          });
+        };
+
+        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
+        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
+        var lastView, lastViewRef = NaN;
+        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
+          if (lastViewRef === ngModelCtrl.$viewValue && !equals(lastView, ngModelCtrl.$viewValue)) {
+            lastView = shallowCopy(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
+            ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          }
+          lastViewRef = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
+        });
+
+        // If we are a multiple select then value is now a collection
+        // so the meaning of $isEmpty changes
+        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+          return !value || value.length === 0;
+        };
+
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+// The option directive is purely designed to communicate the existence (or lack of)
+// of dynamically created (and destroyed) option elements to their containing select
+// directive via its controller.
+var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
+
+  function chromeHack(optionElement) {
+    // Workaround for https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=381459
+    // Adding an <option selected="selected"> element to a <select required="required"> should
+    // automatically select the new element
+    if (optionElement[0].hasAttribute('selected')) {
+      optionElement[0].selected = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+
+      if (isDefined(attr.value)) {
+        // If the value attribute is defined, check if it contains an interpolation
+        var valueInterpolated = $interpolate(attr.value, true);
+      } else {
+        // If the value attribute is not defined then we fall back to the
+        // text content of the option element, which may be interpolated
+        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
+        if (!interpolateFn) {
+          attr.$set('value', element.text());
+        }
+      }
+
+      return function(scope, element, attr) {
+
+        // This is an optimization over using ^^ since we don't want to have to search
+        // all the way to the root of the DOM for every single option element
+        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
+            parent = element.parent(),
+            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
+              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup
+
+        function addOption(optionValue) {
+          selectCtrl.addOption(optionValue, element);
+          selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          chromeHack(element);
+        }
+
+        // Only update trigger option updates if this is an option within a `select`
+        // that also has `ngModel` attached
+        if (selectCtrl && selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl) {
+
+          if (valueInterpolated) {
+            // The value attribute is interpolated
+            var oldVal;
+            attr.$observe('value', function valueAttributeObserveAction(newVal) {
+              if (isDefined(oldVal)) {
+                selectCtrl.removeOption(oldVal);
+              }
+              oldVal = newVal;
+              addOption(newVal);
+            });
+          } else if (interpolateFn) {
+            // The text content is interpolated
+            scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+              attr.$set('value', newVal);
+              if (oldVal !== newVal) {
+                selectCtrl.removeOption(oldVal);
+              }
+              addOption(newVal);
+            });
+          } else {
+            // The value attribute is static
+            addOption(attr.value);
+          }
+
+          element.on('$destroy', function() {
+            selectCtrl.removeOption(attr.value);
+            selectCtrl.ngModelCtrl.$render();
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var styleDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  terminal: false
+});
+
+var requiredDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+
+      ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return !attr.required || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
+      };
+
+      attr.$observe('required', function() {
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+var patternDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var regexp, patternExp = attr.ngPattern || attr.pattern;
+      attr.$observe('pattern', function(regex) {
+        if (isString(regex) && regex.length > 0) {
+          regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
+        }
+
+        if (regex && !regex.test) {
+          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
+            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
+            regex, startingTag(elm));
+        }
+
+        regexp = regex || undefined;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+
+      ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        // HTML5 pattern constraint validates the input value, so we validate the viewValue
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(viewValue);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+var maxlengthDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var maxlength = -1;
+      attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
+        var intVal = toInt(value);
+        maxlength = isNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return (maxlength < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlength);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+var minlengthDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var minlength = 0;
+      attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
+        minlength = toInt(value) || 0;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlength;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
+  //AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
+  console.log('WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once.');
+  return;
+}
+
+//try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(document).ready()
+//but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
+bindJQuery();
+
+publishExternalAPI(angular);
+
+angular.module("ngLocale", [], ["$provide", function($provide) {
+var PLURAL_CATEGORY = {ZERO: "zero", ONE: "one", TWO: "two", FEW: "few", MANY: "many", OTHER: "other"};
+function getDecimals(n) {
+  n = n + '';
+  var i = n.indexOf('.');
+  return (i == -1) ? 0 : n.length - i - 1;
+}
+
+function getVF(n, opt_precision) {
+  var v = opt_precision;
+
+  if (undefined === v) {
+    v = Math.min(getDecimals(n), 3);
+  }
+
+  var base = Math.pow(10, v);
+  var f = ((n * base) | 0) % base;
+  return {v: v, f: f};
+}
+
+$provide.value("$locale", {
+  "DATETIME_FORMATS": {
+    "AMPMS": [
+      "AM",
+      "PM"
+    ],
+    "DAY": [
+      "Sunday",
+      "Monday",
+      "Tuesday",
+      "Wednesday",
+      "Thursday",
+      "Friday",
+      "Saturday"
+    ],
+    "ERANAMES": [
+      "Before Christ",
+      "Anno Domini"
+    ],
+    "ERAS": [
+      "BC",
+      "AD"
+    ],
+    "FIRSTDAYOFWEEK": 6,
+    "MONTH": [
+      "January",
+      "February",
+      "March",
+      "April",
+      "May",
+      "June",
+      "July",
+      "August",
+      "September",
+      "October",
+      "November",
+      "December"
+    ],
+    "SHORTDAY": [
+      "Sun",
+      "Mon",
+      "Tue",
+      "Wed",
+      "Thu",
+      "Fri",
+      "Sat"
+    ],
+    "SHORTMONTH": [
+      "Jan",
+      "Feb",
+      "Mar",
+      "Apr",
+      "May",
+      "Jun",
+      "Jul",
+      "Aug",
+      "Sep",
+      "Oct",
+      "Nov",
+      "Dec"
+    ],
+    "WEEKENDRANGE": [
+      5,
+      6
+    ],
+    "fullDate": "EEEE, MMMM d, y",
+    "longDate": "MMMM d, y",
+    "medium": "MMM d, y h:mm:ss a",
+    "mediumDate": "MMM d, y",
+    "mediumTime": "h:mm:ss a",
+    "short": "M/d/yy h:mm a",
+    "shortDate": "M/d/yy",
+    "shortTime": "h:mm a"
+  },
+  "NUMBER_FORMATS": {
+    "CURRENCY_SYM": "$",
+    "DECIMAL_SEP": ".",
+    "GROUP_SEP": ",",
+    "PATTERNS": [
+      {
+        "gSize": 3,
+        "lgSize": 3,
+        "maxFrac": 3,
+        "minFrac": 0,
+        "minInt": 1,
+        "negPre": "-",
+        "negSuf": "",
+        "posPre": "",
+        "posSuf": ""
+      },
+      {
+        "gSize": 3,
+        "lgSize": 3,
+        "maxFrac": 2,
+        "minFrac": 2,
+        "minInt": 1,
+        "negPre": "-\u00a4",
+        "negSuf": "",
+        "posPre": "\u00a4",
+        "posSuf": ""
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "id": "en-us",
+  "pluralCat": function(n, opt_precision) {  var i = n | 0;  var vf = getVF(n, opt_precision);  if (i == 1 && vf.v == 0) {    return PLURAL_CATEGORY.ONE;  }  return PLURAL_CATEGORY.OTHER;}
+});
+}]);
+
+  jqLite(document).ready(function() {
+    angularInit(document, bootstrap);
+  });
+
+})(window, document);
+
+!window.angular.$$csp().noInlineStyle && window.angular.element(document.head).prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-shim{visibility:hidden;}.ng-anchor{position:absolute;}</style>');
+/**
+ * State-based routing for AngularJS
+ * @version v0.2.15
+ * @link http://angular-ui.github.com/
+ * @license MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+/* commonjs package manager support (eg componentjs) */
+if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof exports !== "undefined" && module.exports === exports){
+  module.exports = 'ui.router';
+}
+
+(function (window, angular, undefined) {
+/*jshint globalstrict:true*/
+/*global angular:false*/
+'use strict';
+
+var isDefined = angular.isDefined,
+    isFunction = angular.isFunction,
+    isString = angular.isString,
+    isObject = angular.isObject,
+    isArray = angular.isArray,
+    forEach = angular.forEach,
+    extend = angular.extend,
+    copy = angular.copy;
+
+function inherit(parent, extra) {
+  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, { prototype: parent }))(), extra);
+}
+
+function merge(dst) {
+  forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
+    if (obj !== dst) {
+      forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
+        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) dst[key] = value;
+      });
+    }
+  });
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the common ancestor path between two states.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} first The first state.
+ * @param {Object} second The second state.
+ * @return {Array} Returns an array of state names in descending order, not including the root.
+ */
+function ancestors(first, second) {
+  var path = [];
+
+  for (var n in first.path) {
+    if (first.path[n] !== second.path[n]) break;
+    path.push(first.path[n]);
+  }
+  return path;
+}
+
+/**
+ * IE8-safe wrapper for `Object.keys()`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object A JavaScript object.
+ * @return {Array} Returns the keys of the object as an array.
+ */
+function objectKeys(object) {
+  if (Object.keys) {
+    return Object.keys(object);
+  }
+  var result = [];
+
+  forEach(object, function(val, key) {
+    result.push(key);
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * IE8-safe wrapper for `Array.prototype.indexOf()`.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array A JavaScript array.
+ * @param {*} value A value to search the array for.
+ * @return {Number} Returns the array index value of `value`, or `-1` if not present.
+ */
+function indexOf(array, value) {
+  if (Array.prototype.indexOf) {
+    return array.indexOf(value, Number(arguments[2]) || 0);
+  }
+  var len = array.length >>> 0, from = Number(arguments[2]) || 0;
+  from = (from < 0) ? Math.ceil(from) : Math.floor(from);
+
+  if (from < 0) from += len;
+
+  for (; from < len; from++) {
+    if (from in array && array[from] === value) return from;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges a set of parameters with all parameters inherited between the common parents of the
+ * current state and a given destination state.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} currentParams The value of the current state parameters ($stateParams).
+ * @param {Object} newParams The set of parameters which will be composited with inherited params.
+ * @param {Object} $current Internal definition of object representing the current state.
+ * @param {Object} $to Internal definition of object representing state to transition to.
+ */
+function inheritParams(currentParams, newParams, $current, $to) {
+  var parents = ancestors($current, $to), parentParams, inherited = {}, inheritList = [];
+
+  for (var i in parents) {
+    if (!parents[i].params) continue;
+    parentParams = objectKeys(parents[i].params);
+    if (!parentParams.length) continue;
+
+    for (var j in parentParams) {
+      if (indexOf(inheritList, parentParams[j]) >= 0) continue;
+      inheritList.push(parentParams[j]);
+      inherited[parentParams[j]] = currentParams[parentParams[j]];
+    }
+  }
+  return extend({}, inherited, newParams);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs a non-strict comparison of the subset of two objects, defined by a list of keys.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} a The first object.
+ * @param {Object} b The second object.
+ * @param {Array} keys The list of keys within each object to compare. If the list is empty or not specified,
+ *                     it defaults to the list of keys in `a`.
+ * @return {Boolean} Returns `true` if the keys match, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+function equalForKeys(a, b, keys) {
+  if (!keys) {
+    keys = [];
+    for (var n in a) keys.push(n); // Used instead of Object.keys() for IE8 compatibility
+  }
+
+  for (var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
+    var k = keys[i];
+    if (a[k] != b[k]) return false; // Not '===', values aren't necessarily normalized
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the subset of an object, based on a list of keys.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} keys
+ * @param {Object} values
+ * @return {Boolean} Returns a subset of `values`.
+ */
+function filterByKeys(keys, values) {
+  var filtered = {};
+
+  forEach(keys, function (name) {
+    filtered[name] = values[name];
+  });
+  return filtered;
+}
+
+// like _.indexBy
+// when you know that your index values will be unique, or you want last-one-in to win
+function indexBy(array, propName) {
+  var result = {};
+  forEach(array, function(item) {
+    result[item[propName]] = item;
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+// extracted from underscore.js
+// Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
+function pick(obj) {
+  var copy = {};
+  var keys = Array.prototype.concat.apply(Array.prototype, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  forEach(keys, function(key) {
+    if (key in obj) copy[key] = obj[key];
+  });
+  return copy;
+}
+
+// extracted from underscore.js
+// Return a copy of the object omitting the blacklisted properties.
+function omit(obj) {
+  var copy = {};
+  var keys = Array.prototype.concat.apply(Array.prototype, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  for (var key in obj) {
+    if (indexOf(keys, key) == -1) copy[key] = obj[key];
+  }
+  return copy;
+}
+
+function pluck(collection, key) {
+  var result = isArray(collection) ? [] : {};
+
+  forEach(collection, function(val, i) {
+    result[i] = isFunction(key) ? key(val) : val[key];
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+function filter(collection, callback) {
+  var array = isArray(collection);
+  var result = array ? [] : {};
+  forEach(collection, function(val, i) {
+    if (callback(val, i)) {
+      result[array ? result.length : i] = val;
+    }
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+function map(collection, callback) {
+  var result = isArray(collection) ? [] : {};
+
+  forEach(collection, function(val, i) {
+    result[i] = callback(val, i);
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router.util
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router.util sub-module
+ *
+ * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
+ * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
+ *
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router.util', ['ng']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router.router
+ * 
+ * @requires ui.router.util
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router.router sub-module
+ *
+ * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
+ * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router.router', ['ui.router.util']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router.state
+ * 
+ * @requires ui.router.router
+ * @requires ui.router.util
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router.state sub-module
+ *
+ * This module is a dependency of the main ui.router module. Do not include this module as a dependency
+ * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
+ * 
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router.state', ['ui.router.router', 'ui.router.util']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router
+ * 
+ * ## The main module for ui.router 
+ * There are several sub-modules included with the ui.router module, however only this module is needed
+ * as a dependency within your angular app. The other modules are for organization purposes. 
+ *
+ * The modules are:
+ * * ui.router - the main "umbrella" module
+ * * ui.router.router - 
+ * 
+ * *You'll need to include **only** this module as the dependency within your angular app.*
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * <!doctype html>
+ * <html ng-app="myApp">
+ * <head>
+ *   <script src="js/angular.js"></script>
+ *   <!-- Include the ui-router script -->
+ *   <script src="js/angular-ui-router.min.js"></script>
+ *   <script>
+ *     // ...and add 'ui.router' as a dependency
+ *     var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['ui.router']);
+ *   </script>
+ * </head>
+ * <body>
+ * </body>
+ * </html>
+ * </pre>
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router', ['ui.router.state']);
+
+angular.module('ui.router.compat', ['ui.router']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.$resolve
+ *
+ * @requires $q
+ * @requires $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Manages resolution of (acyclic) graphs of promises.
+ */
+$Resolve.$inject = ['$q', '$injector'];
+function $Resolve(  $q,    $injector) {
+  
+  var VISIT_IN_PROGRESS = 1,
+      VISIT_DONE = 2,
+      NOTHING = {},
+      NO_DEPENDENCIES = [],
+      NO_LOCALS = NOTHING,
+      NO_PARENT = extend($q.when(NOTHING), { $$promises: NOTHING, $$values: NOTHING });
+  
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#study
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Studies a set of invocables that are likely to be used multiple times.
+   * <pre>
+   * $resolve.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self)
+   * </pre>
+   * is equivalent to
+   * <pre>
+   * $resolve.resolve(invocables, locals, parent, self)
+   * </pre>
+   * but the former is more efficient (in fact `resolve` just calls `study` 
+   * internally).
+   *
+   * @param {object} invocables Invocable objects
+   * @return {function} a function to pass in locals, parent and self
+   */
+  this.study = function (invocables) {
+    if (!isObject(invocables)) throw new Error("'invocables' must be an object");
+    var invocableKeys = objectKeys(invocables || {});
+    
+    // Perform a topological sort of invocables to build an ordered plan
+    var plan = [], cycle = [], visited = {};
+    function visit(value, key) {
+      if (visited[key] === VISIT_DONE) return;
+      
+      cycle.push(key);
+      if (visited[key] === VISIT_IN_PROGRESS) {
+        cycle.splice(0, indexOf(cycle, key));
+        throw new Error("Cyclic dependency: " + cycle.join(" -> "));
+      }
+      visited[key] = VISIT_IN_PROGRESS;
+      
+      if (isString(value)) {
+        plan.push(key, [ function() { return $injector.get(value); }], NO_DEPENDENCIES);
+      } else {
+        var params = $injector.annotate(value);
+        forEach(params, function (param) {
+          if (param !== key && invocables.hasOwnProperty(param)) visit(invocables[param], param);
+        });
+        plan.push(key, value, params);
+      }
+      
+      cycle.pop();
+      visited[key] = VISIT_DONE;
+    }
+    forEach(invocables, visit);
+    invocables = cycle = visited = null; // plan is all that's required
+    
+    function isResolve(value) {
+      return isObject(value) && value.then && value.$$promises;
+    }
+    
+    return function (locals, parent, self) {
+      if (isResolve(locals) && self === undefined) {
+        self = parent; parent = locals; locals = null;
+      }
+      if (!locals) locals = NO_LOCALS;
+      else if (!isObject(locals)) {
+        throw new Error("'locals' must be an object");
+      }       
+      if (!parent) parent = NO_PARENT;
+      else if (!isResolve(parent)) {
+        throw new Error("'parent' must be a promise returned by $resolve.resolve()");
+      }
+      
+      // To complete the overall resolution, we have to wait for the parent
+      // promise and for the promise for each invokable in our plan.
+      var resolution = $q.defer(),
+          result = resolution.promise,
+          promises = result.$$promises = {},
+          values = extend({}, locals),
+          wait = 1 + plan.length/3,
+          merged = false;
+          
+      function done() {
+        // Merge parent values we haven't got yet and publish our own $$values
+        if (!--wait) {
+          if (!merged) merge(values, parent.$$values); 
+          result.$$values = values;
+          result.$$promises = result.$$promises || true; // keep for isResolve()
+          delete result.$$inheritedValues;
+          resolution.resolve(values);
+        }
+      }
+      
+      function fail(reason) {
+        result.$$failure = reason;
+        resolution.reject(reason);
+      }
+
+      // Short-circuit if parent has already failed
+      if (isDefined(parent.$$failure)) {
+        fail(parent.$$failure);
+        return result;
+      }
+      
+      if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
+        merge(values, omit(parent.$$inheritedValues, invocableKeys));
+      }
+
+      // Merge parent values if the parent has already resolved, or merge
+      // parent promises and wait if the parent resolve is still in progress.
+      extend(promises, parent.$$promises);
+      if (parent.$$values) {
+        merged = merge(values, omit(parent.$$values, invocableKeys));
+        result.$$inheritedValues = omit(parent.$$values, invocableKeys);
+        done();
+      } else {
+        if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
+          result.$$inheritedValues = omit(parent.$$inheritedValues, invocableKeys);
+        }        
+        parent.then(done, fail);
+      }
+      
+      // Process each invocable in the plan, but ignore any where a local of the same name exists.
+      for (var i=0, ii=plan.length; i<ii; i+=3) {
+        if (locals.hasOwnProperty(plan[i])) done();
+        else invoke(plan[i], plan[i+1], plan[i+2]);
+      }
+      
+      function invoke(key, invocable, params) {
+        // Create a deferred for this invocation. Failures will propagate to the resolution as well.
+        var invocation = $q.defer(), waitParams = 0;
+        function onfailure(reason) {
+          invocation.reject(reason);
+          fail(reason);
+        }
+        // Wait for any parameter that we have a promise for (either from parent or from this
+        // resolve; in that case study() will have made sure it's ordered before us in the plan).
+        forEach(params, function (dep) {
+          if (promises.hasOwnProperty(dep) && !locals.hasOwnProperty(dep)) {
+            waitParams++;
+            promises[dep].then(function (result) {
+              values[dep] = result;
+              if (!(--waitParams)) proceed();
+            }, onfailure);
+          }
+        });
+        if (!waitParams) proceed();
+        function proceed() {
+          if (isDefined(result.$$failure)) return;
+          try {
+            invocation.resolve($injector.invoke(invocable, self, values));
+            invocation.promise.then(function (result) {
+              values[key] = result;
+              done();
+            }, onfailure);
+          } catch (e) {
+            onfailure(e);
+          }
+        }
+        // Publish promise synchronously; invocations further down in the plan may depend on it.
+        promises[key] = invocation.promise;
+      }
+      
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+  
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#resolve
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Resolves a set of invocables. An invocable is a function to be invoked via 
+   * `$injector.invoke()`, and can have an arbitrary number of dependencies. 
+   * An invocable can either return a value directly,
+   * or a `$q` promise. If a promise is returned it will be resolved and the 
+   * resulting value will be used instead. Dependencies of invocables are resolved 
+   * (in this order of precedence)
+   *
+   * - from the specified `locals`
+   * - from another invocable that is part of this `$resolve` call
+   * - from an invocable that is inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` 
+   *   (or recursively
+   * - from any ancestor `$resolve` of that parent).
+   *
+   * The return value of `$resolve` is a promise for an object that contains 
+   * (in this order of precedence)
+   *
+   * - any `locals` (if specified)
+   * - the resolved return values of all injectables
+   * - any values inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` (if specified)
+   *
+   * The promise will resolve after the `parent` promise (if any) and all promises 
+   * returned by injectables have been resolved. If any invocable 
+   * (or `$injector.invoke`) throws an exception, or if a promise returned by an 
+   * invocable is rejected, the `$resolve` promise is immediately rejected with the 
+   * same error. A rejection of a `parent` promise (if specified) will likewise be 
+   * propagated immediately. Once the `$resolve` promise has been rejected, no 
+   * further invocables will be called.
+   * 
+   * Cyclic dependencies between invocables are not permitted and will caues `$resolve`
+   * to throw an error. As a special case, an injectable can depend on a parameter 
+   * with the same name as the injectable, which will be fulfilled from the `parent` 
+   * injectable of the same name. This allows inherited values to be decorated. 
+   * Note that in this case any other injectable in the same `$resolve` with the same
+   * dependency would see the decorated value, not the inherited value.
+   *
+   * Note that missing dependencies -- unlike cyclic dependencies -- will cause an 
+   * (asynchronous) rejection of the `$resolve` promise rather than a (synchronous) 
+   * exception.
+   *
+   * Invocables are invoked eagerly as soon as all dependencies are available. 
+   * This is true even for dependencies inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve`.
+   *
+   * As a special case, an invocable can be a string, in which case it is taken to 
+   * be a service name to be passed to `$injector.get()`. This is supported primarily 
+   * for backwards-compatibility with the `resolve` property of `$routeProvider` 
+   * routes.
+   *
+   * @param {object} invocables functions to invoke or 
+   * `$injector` services to fetch.
+   * @param {object} locals  values to make available to the injectables
+   * @param {object} parent  a promise returned by another call to `$resolve`.
+   * @param {object} self  the `this` for the invoked methods
+   * @return {object} Promise for an object that contains the resolved return value
+   * of all invocables, as well as any inherited and local values.
+   */
+  this.resolve = function (invocables, locals, parent, self) {
+    return this.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self);
+  };
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$resolve', $Resolve);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+ *
+ * @requires $http
+ * @requires $templateCache
+ * @requires $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Service. Manages loading of templates.
+ */
+$TemplateFactory.$inject = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$injector'];
+function $TemplateFactory(  $http,   $templateCache,   $injector) {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromConfig
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a template from a configuration object. 
+   *
+   * @param {object} config Configuration object for which to load a template. 
+   * The following properties are search in the specified order, and the first one 
+   * that is defined is used to create the template:
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} config.template html string template or function to 
+   * load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString fromString}.
+   * @param {string|object} config.templateUrl url to load or a function returning 
+   * the url to load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl fromUrl}.
+   * @param {Function} config.templateProvider function to invoke via 
+   * {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider fromProvider}.
+   * @param {object} params  Parameters to pass to the template function.
+   * @param {object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke` if the template is loaded 
+   * via a `templateProvider`. Defaults to `{ params: params }`.
+   *
+   * @return {string|object}  The template html as a string, or a promise for 
+   * that string,or `null` if no template is configured.
+   */
+  this.fromConfig = function (config, params, locals) {
+    return (
+      isDefined(config.template) ? this.fromString(config.template, params) :
+      isDefined(config.templateUrl) ? this.fromUrl(config.templateUrl, params) :
+      isDefined(config.templateProvider) ? this.fromProvider(config.templateProvider, params, locals) :
+      null
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a template from a string or a function returning a string.
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} template html template as a string or function that 
+   * returns an html template as a string.
+   * @param {object} params Parameters to pass to the template function.
+   *
+   * @return {string|object} The template html as a string, or a promise for that 
+   * string.
+   */
+  this.fromString = function (template, params) {
+    return isFunction(template) ? template(params) : template;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   * 
+   * @description
+   * Loads a template from the a URL via `$http` and `$templateCache`.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Function} url url of the template to load, or a function 
+   * that returns a url.
+   * @param {Object} params Parameters to pass to the url function.
+   * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise 
+   * for that string.
+   */
+  this.fromUrl = function (url, params) {
+    if (isFunction(url)) url = url(params);
+    if (url == null) return null;
+    else return $http
+        .get(url, { cache: $templateCache, headers: { Accept: 'text/html' }})
+        .then(function(response) { return response.data; });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a template by invoking an injectable provider function.
+   *
+   * @param {Function} provider Function to invoke via `$injector.invoke`
+   * @param {Object} params Parameters for the template.
+   * @param {Object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke`. Defaults to 
+   * `{ params: params }`.
+   * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise 
+   * for that string.
+   */
+  this.fromProvider = function (provider, params, locals) {
+    return $injector.invoke(provider, null, locals || { params: params });
+  };
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$templateFactory', $TemplateFactory);
+
+var $$UMFP; // reference to $UrlMatcherFactoryProvider
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Matches URLs against patterns and extracts named parameters from the path or the search
+ * part of the URL. A URL pattern consists of a path pattern, optionally followed by '?' and a list
+ * of search parameters. Multiple search parameter names are separated by '&'. Search parameters
+ * do not influence whether or not a URL is matched, but their values are passed through into
+ * the matched parameters returned by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec}.
+ *
+ * Path parameter placeholders can be specified using simple colon/catch-all syntax or curly brace
+ * syntax, which optionally allows a regular expression for the parameter to be specified:
+ *
+ * * `':'` name - colon placeholder
+ * * `'*'` name - catch-all placeholder
+ * * `'{' name '}'` - curly placeholder
+ * * `'{' name ':' regexp|type '}'` - curly placeholder with regexp or type name. Should the
+ *   regexp itself contain curly braces, they must be in matched pairs or escaped with a backslash.
+ *
+ * Parameter names may contain only word characters (latin letters, digits, and underscore) and
+ * must be unique within the pattern (across both path and search parameters). For colon
+ * placeholders or curly placeholders without an explicit regexp, a path parameter matches any
+ * number of characters other than '/'. For catch-all placeholders the path parameter matches
+ * any number of characters.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ * * `'/hello/'` - Matches only if the path is exactly '/hello/'. There is no special treatment for
+ *   trailing slashes, and patterns have to match the entire path, not just a prefix.
+ * * `'/user/:id'` - Matches '/user/bob' or '/user/1234!!!' or even '/user/' but not '/user' or
+ *   '/user/bob/details'. The second path segment will be captured as the parameter 'id'.
+ * * `'/user/{id}'` - Same as the previous example, but using curly brace syntax.
+ * * `'/user/{id:[^/]*}'` - Same as the previous example.
+ * * `'/user/{id:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}}'` - Similar to the previous example, but only matches if the id
+ *   parameter consists of 1 to 8 hex digits.
+ * * `'/files/{path:.*}'` - Matches any URL starting with '/files/' and captures the rest of the
+ *   path into the parameter 'path'.
+ * * `'/files/*path'` - ditto.
+ * * `'/calendar/{start:date}'` - Matches "/calendar/2014-11-12" (because the pattern defined
+ *   in the built-in  `date` Type matches `2014-11-12`) and provides a Date object in $stateParams.start
+ *
+ * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to compile into a matcher.
+ * @param {Object} config  A configuration object hash:
+ * @param {Object=} parentMatcher Used to concatenate the pattern/config onto
+ *   an existing UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * * `caseInsensitive` - `true` if URL matching should be case insensitive, otherwise `false`, the default value (for backward compatibility) is `false`.
+ * * `strict` - `false` if matching against a URL with a trailing slash should be treated as equivalent to a URL without a trailing slash, the default value is `true`.
+ *
+ * @property {string} prefix  A static prefix of this pattern. The matcher guarantees that any
+ *   URL matching this matcher (i.e. any string for which {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec()} returns
+ *   non-null) will start with this prefix.
+ *
+ * @property {string} source  The pattern that was passed into the constructor
+ *
+ * @property {string} sourcePath  The path portion of the source property
+ *
+ * @property {string} sourceSearch  The search portion of the source property
+ *
+ * @property {string} regex  The constructed regex that will be used to match against the url when
+ *   it is time to determine which url will match.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}  New `UrlMatcher` object
+ */
+function UrlMatcher(pattern, config, parentMatcher) {
+  config = extend({ params: {} }, isObject(config) ? config : {});
+
+  // Find all placeholders and create a compiled pattern, using either classic or curly syntax:
+  //   '*' name
+  //   ':' name
+  //   '{' name '}'
+  //   '{' name ':' regexp '}'
+  // The regular expression is somewhat complicated due to the need to allow curly braces
+  // inside the regular expression. The placeholder regexp breaks down as follows:
+  //    ([:*])([\w\[\]]+)              - classic placeholder ($1 / $2) (search version has - for snake-case)
+  //    \{([\w\[\]]+)(?:\:( ... ))?\}  - curly brace placeholder ($3) with optional regexp/type ... ($4) (search version has - for snake-case
+  //    (?: ... | ... | ... )+         - the regexp consists of any number of atoms, an atom being either
+  //    [^{}\\]+                       - anything other than curly braces or backslash
+  //    \\.                            - a backslash escape
+  //    \{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\}          - a matched set of curly braces containing other atoms
+  var placeholder       = /([:*])([\w\[\]]+)|\{([\w\[\]]+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
+      searchPlaceholder = /([:]?)([\w\[\]-]+)|\{([\w\[\]-]+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
+      compiled = '^', last = 0, m,
+      segments = this.segments = [],
+      parentParams = parentMatcher ? parentMatcher.params : {},
+      params = this.params = parentMatcher ? parentMatcher.params.$$new() : new $$UMFP.ParamSet(),
+      paramNames = [];
+
+  function addParameter(id, type, config, location) {
+    paramNames.push(id);
+    if (parentParams[id]) return parentParams[id];
+    if (!/^\w+(-+\w+)*(?:\[\])?$/.test(id)) throw new Error("Invalid parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
+    if (params[id]) throw new Error("Duplicate parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
+    params[id] = new $$UMFP.Param(id, type, config, location);
+    return params[id];
+  }
+
+  function quoteRegExp(string, pattern, squash, optional) {
+    var surroundPattern = ['',''], result = string.replace(/[\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]/g, "\\$&");
+    if (!pattern) return result;
+    switch(squash) {
+      case false: surroundPattern = ['(', ')' + (optional ? "?" : "")]; break;
+      case true:  surroundPattern = ['?(', ')?']; break;
+      default:    surroundPattern = ['(' + squash + "|", ')?']; break;
+    }
+    return result + surroundPattern[0] + pattern + surroundPattern[1];
+  }
+
+  this.source = pattern;
+
+  // Split into static segments separated by path parameter placeholders.
+  // The number of segments is always 1 more than the number of parameters.
+  function matchDetails(m, isSearch) {
+    var id, regexp, segment, type, cfg, arrayMode;
+    id          = m[2] || m[3]; // IE[78] returns '' for unmatched groups instead of null
+    cfg         = config.params[id];
+    segment     = pattern.substring(last, m.index);
+    regexp      = isSearch ? m[4] : m[4] || (m[1] == '*' ? '.*' : null);
+    type        = $$UMFP.type(regexp || "string") || inherit($$UMFP.type("string"), { pattern: new RegExp(regexp, config.caseInsensitive ? 'i' : undefined) });
+    return {
+      id: id, regexp: regexp, segment: segment, type: type, cfg: cfg
+    };
+  }
+
+  var p, param, segment;
+  while ((m = placeholder.exec(pattern))) {
+    p = matchDetails(m, false);
+    if (p.segment.indexOf('?') >= 0) break; // we're into the search part
+
+    param = addParameter(p.id, p.type, p.cfg, "path");
+    compiled += quoteRegExp(p.segment, param.type.pattern.source, param.squash, param.isOptional);
+    segments.push(p.segment);
+    last = placeholder.lastIndex;
+  }
+  segment = pattern.substring(last);
+
+  // Find any search parameter names and remove them from the last segment
+  var i = segment.indexOf('?');
+
+  if (i >= 0) {
+    var search = this.sourceSearch = segment.substring(i);
+    segment = segment.substring(0, i);
+    this.sourcePath = pattern.substring(0, last + i);
+
+    if (search.length > 0) {
+      last = 0;
+      while ((m = searchPlaceholder.exec(search))) {
+        p = matchDetails(m, true);
+        param = addParameter(p.id, p.type, p.cfg, "search");
+        last = placeholder.lastIndex;
+        // check if ?&
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.sourcePath = pattern;
+    this.sourceSearch = '';
+  }
+
+  compiled += quoteRegExp(segment) + (config.strict === false ? '\/?' : '') + '$';
+  segments.push(segment);
+
+  this.regexp = new RegExp(compiled, config.caseInsensitive ? 'i' : undefined);
+  this.prefix = segments[0];
+  this.$$paramNames = paramNames;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#concat
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns a new matcher for a pattern constructed by appending the path part and adding the
+ * search parameters of the specified pattern to this pattern. The current pattern is not
+ * modified. This can be understood as creating a pattern for URLs that are relative to (or
+ * suffixes of) the current pattern.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * The following two matchers are equivalent:
+ * <pre>
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').concat('/details?date');
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}/details?q&date');
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to append.
+ * @param {Object} config  An object hash of the configuration for the matcher.
+ * @returns {UrlMatcher}  A matcher for the concatenated pattern.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.concat = function (pattern, config) {
+  // Because order of search parameters is irrelevant, we can add our own search
+  // parameters to the end of the new pattern. Parse the new pattern by itself
+  // and then join the bits together, but it's much easier to do this on a string level.
+  var defaultConfig = {
+    caseInsensitive: $$UMFP.caseInsensitive(),
+    strict: $$UMFP.strictMode(),
+    squash: $$UMFP.defaultSquashPolicy()
+  };
+  return new UrlMatcher(this.sourcePath + pattern + this.sourceSearch, extend(defaultConfig, config), this);
+};
+
+UrlMatcher.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.source;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#exec
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Tests the specified path against this matcher, and returns an object containing the captured
+ * parameter values, or null if the path does not match. The returned object contains the values
+ * of any search parameters that are mentioned in the pattern, but their value may be null if
+ * they are not present in `searchParams`. This means that search parameters are always treated
+ * as optional.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <pre>
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q&r').exec('/user/bob', {
+ *   x: '1', q: 'hello'
+ * });
+ * // returns { id: 'bob', q: 'hello', r: null }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} path  The URL path to match, e.g. `$location.path()`.
+ * @param {Object} searchParams  URL search parameters, e.g. `$location.search()`.
+ * @returns {Object}  The captured parameter values.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.exec = function (path, searchParams) {
+  var m = this.regexp.exec(path);
+  if (!m) return null;
+  searchParams = searchParams || {};
+
+  var paramNames = this.parameters(), nTotal = paramNames.length,
+    nPath = this.segments.length - 1,
+    values = {}, i, j, cfg, paramName;
+
+  if (nPath !== m.length - 1) throw new Error("Unbalanced capture group in route '" + this.source + "'");
+
+  function decodePathArray(string) {
+    function reverseString(str) { return str.split("").reverse().join(""); }
+    function unquoteDashes(str) { return str.replace(/\\-/g, "-"); }
+
+    var split = reverseString(string).split(/-(?!\\)/);
+    var allReversed = map(split, reverseString);
+    return map(allReversed, unquoteDashes).reverse();
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nPath; i++) {
+    paramName = paramNames[i];
+    var param = this.params[paramName];
+    var paramVal = m[i+1];
+    // if the param value matches a pre-replace pair, replace the value before decoding.
+    for (j = 0; j < param.replace; j++) {
+      if (param.replace[j].from === paramVal) paramVal = param.replace[j].to;
+    }
+    if (paramVal && param.array === true) paramVal = decodePathArray(paramVal);
+    values[paramName] = param.value(paramVal);
+  }
+  for (/**/; i < nTotal; i++) {
+    paramName = paramNames[i];
+    values[paramName] = this.params[paramName].value(searchParams[paramName]);
+  }
+
+  return values;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#parameters
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns the names of all path and search parameters of this pattern in an unspecified order.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<string>}  An array of parameter names. Must be treated as read-only. If the
+ *    pattern has no parameters, an empty array is returned.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.parameters = function (param) {
+  if (!isDefined(param)) return this.$$paramNames;
+  return this.params[param] || null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#validate
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Checks an object hash of parameters to validate their correctness according to the parameter
+ * types of this `UrlMatcher`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} params The object hash of parameters to validate.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `params` validates, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.validates = function (params) {
+  return this.params.$$validates(params);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#format
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a URL that matches this pattern by substituting the specified values
+ * for the path and search parameters. Null values for path parameters are
+ * treated as empty strings.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <pre>
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').format({ id:'bob', q:'yes' });
+ * // returns '/user/bob?q=yes'
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {Object} values  the values to substitute for the parameters in this pattern.
+ * @returns {string}  the formatted URL (path and optionally search part).
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.format = function (values) {
+  values = values || {};
+  var segments = this.segments, params = this.parameters(), paramset = this.params;
+  if (!this.validates(values)) return null;
+
+  var i, search = false, nPath = segments.length - 1, nTotal = params.length, result = segments[0];
+
+  function encodeDashes(str) { // Replace dashes with encoded "\-"
+    return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/-/g, function(c) { return '%5C%' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase(); });
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nTotal; i++) {
+    var isPathParam = i < nPath;
+    var name = params[i], param = paramset[name], value = param.value(values[name]);
+    var isDefaultValue = param.isOptional && param.type.equals(param.value(), value);
+    var squash = isDefaultValue ? param.squash : false;
+    var encoded = param.type.encode(value);
+
+    if (isPathParam) {
+      var nextSegment = segments[i + 1];
+      if (squash === false) {
+        if (encoded != null) {
+          if (isArray(encoded)) {
+            result += map(encoded, encodeDashes).join("-");
+          } else {
+            result += encodeURIComponent(encoded);
+          }
+        }
+        result += nextSegment;
+      } else if (squash === true) {
+        var capture = result.match(/\/$/) ? /\/?(.*)/ : /(.*)/;
+        result += nextSegment.match(capture)[1];
+      } else if (isString(squash)) {
+        result += squash + nextSegment;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (encoded == null || (isDefaultValue && squash !== false)) continue;
+      if (!isArray(encoded)) encoded = [ encoded ];
+      encoded = map(encoded, encodeURIComponent).join('&' + name + '=');
+      result += (search ? '&' : '?') + (name + '=' + encoded);
+      search = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Implements an interface to define custom parameter types that can be decoded from and encoded to
+ * string parameters matched in a URL. Used by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}
+ * objects when matching or formatting URLs, or comparing or validating parameter values.
+ *
+ * See {@link ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#methods_type `$urlMatcherFactory#type()`} for more
+ * information on registering custom types.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} config  A configuration object which contains the custom type definition.  The object's
+ *        properties will override the default methods and/or pattern in `Type`'s public interface.
+ * @example
+ * <pre>
+ * {
+ *   decode: function(val) { return parseInt(val, 10); },
+ *   encode: function(val) { return val && val.toString(); },
+ *   equals: function(a, b) { return this.is(a) && a === b; },
+ *   is: function(val) { return angular.isNumber(val) isFinite(val) && val % 1 === 0; },
+ *   pattern: /\d+/
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @property {RegExp} pattern The regular expression pattern used to match values of this type when
+ *           coming from a substring of a URL.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}  Returns a new `Type` object.
+ */
+function Type(config) {
+  extend(this, config);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#is
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Detects whether a value is of a particular type. Accepts a native (decoded) value
+ * and determines whether it matches the current `Type` object.
+ *
+ * @param {*} val  The value to check.
+ * @param {string} key  Optional. If the type check is happening in the context of a specific
+ *        {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} object, this is the name of the
+ *        parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for meta-programming of `Type` objects.
+ * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the value matches the type, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+Type.prototype.is = function(val, key) {
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#encode
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Encodes a custom/native type value to a string that can be embedded in a URL. Note that the
+ * return value does *not* need to be URL-safe (i.e. passed through `encodeURIComponent()`), it
+ * only needs to be a representation of `val` that has been coerced to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {*} val  The value to encode.
+ * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
+ *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
+ * @returns {string}  Returns a string representation of `val` that can be encoded in a URL.
+ */
+Type.prototype.encode = function(val, key) {
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#decode
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Converts a parameter value (from URL string or transition param) to a custom/native value.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val  The URL parameter value to decode.
+ * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
+ *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
+ * @returns {*}  Returns a custom representation of the URL parameter value.
+ */
+Type.prototype.decode = function(val, key) {
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#equals
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines whether two decoded values are equivalent.
+ *
+ * @param {*} a  A value to compare against.
+ * @param {*} b  A value to compare against.
+ * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the values are equivalent/equal, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+Type.prototype.equals = function(a, b) {
+  return a == b;
+};
+
+Type.prototype.$subPattern = function() {
+  var sub = this.pattern.toString();
+  return sub.substr(1, sub.length - 2);
+};
+
+Type.prototype.pattern = /.*/;
+
+Type.prototype.toString = function() { return "{Type:" + this.name + "}"; };
+
+/** Given an encoded string, or a decoded object, returns a decoded object */
+Type.prototype.$normalize = function(val) {
+  return this.is(val) ? val : this.decode(val);
+};
+
+/*
+ * Wraps an existing custom Type as an array of Type, depending on 'mode'.
+ * e.g.:
+ * - urlmatcher pattern "/path?{queryParam[]:int}"
+ * - url: "/path?queryParam=1&queryParam=2
+ * - $stateParams.queryParam will be [1, 2]
+ * if `mode` is "auto", then
+ * - url: "/path?queryParam=1 will create $stateParams.queryParam: 1
+ * - url: "/path?queryParam=1&queryParam=2 will create $stateParams.queryParam: [1, 2]
+ */
+Type.prototype.$asArray = function(mode, isSearch) {
+  if (!mode) return this;
+  if (mode === "auto" && !isSearch) throw new Error("'auto' array mode is for query parameters only");
+
+  function ArrayType(type, mode) {
+    function bindTo(type, callbackName) {
+      return function() {
+        return type[callbackName].apply(type, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Wrap non-array value as array
+    function arrayWrap(val) { return isArray(val) ? val : (isDefined(val) ? [ val ] : []); }
+    // Unwrap array value for "auto" mode. Return undefined for empty array.
+    function arrayUnwrap(val) {
+      switch(val.length) {
+        case 0: return undefined;
+        case 1: return mode === "auto" ? val[0] : val;
+        default: return val;
+      }
+    }
+    function falsey(val) { return !val; }
+
+    // Wraps type (.is/.encode/.decode) functions to operate on each value of an array
+    function arrayHandler(callback, allTruthyMode) {
+      return function handleArray(val) {
+        val = arrayWrap(val);
+        var result = map(val, callback);
+        if (allTruthyMode === true)
+          return filter(result, falsey).length === 0;
+        return arrayUnwrap(result);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Wraps type (.equals) functions to operate on each value of an array
+    function arrayEqualsHandler(callback) {
+      return function handleArray(val1, val2) {
+        var left = arrayWrap(val1), right = arrayWrap(val2);
+        if (left.length !== right.length) return false;
+        for (var i = 0; i < left.length; i++) {
+          if (!callback(left[i], right[i])) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      };
+    }
+
+    this.encode = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, 'encode'));
+    this.decode = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, 'decode'));
+    this.is     = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, 'is'), true);
+    this.equals = arrayEqualsHandler(bindTo(type, 'equals'));
+    this.pattern = type.pattern;
+    this.$normalize = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, '$normalize'));
+    this.name = type.name;
+    this.$arrayMode = mode;
+  }
+
+  return new ArrayType(this, mode);
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory for {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} instances. The factory
+ * is also available to providers under the name `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
+ */
+function $UrlMatcherFactory() {
+  $$UMFP = this;
+
+  var isCaseInsensitive = false, isStrictMode = true, defaultSquashPolicy = false;
+
+  function valToString(val) { return val != null ? val.toString().replace(/\//g, "%2F") : val; }
+  function valFromString(val) { return val != null ? val.toString().replace(/%2F/g, "/") : val; }
+
+  var $types = {}, enqueue = true, typeQueue = [], injector, defaultTypes = {
+    string: {
+      encode: valToString,
+      decode: valFromString,
+      // TODO: in 1.0, make string .is() return false if value is undefined/null by default.
+      // In 0.2.x, string params are optional by default for backwards compat
+      is: function(val) { return val == null || !isDefined(val) || typeof val === "string"; },
+      pattern: /[^/]*/
+    },
+    int: {
+      encode: valToString,
+      decode: function(val) { return parseInt(val, 10); },
+      is: function(val) { return isDefined(val) && this.decode(val.toString()) === val; },
+      pattern: /\d+/
+    },
+    bool: {
+      encode: function(val) { return val ? 1 : 0; },
+      decode: function(val) { return parseInt(val, 10) !== 0; },
+      is: function(val) { return val === true || val === false; },
+      pattern: /0|1/
+    },
+    date: {
+      encode: function (val) {
+        if (!this.is(val))
+          return undefined;
+        return [ val.getFullYear(),
+          ('0' + (val.getMonth() + 1)).slice(-2),
+          ('0' + val.getDate()).slice(-2)
+        ].join("-");
+      },
+      decode: function (val) {
+        if (this.is(val)) return val;
+        var match = this.capture.exec(val);
+        return match ? new Date(match[1], match[2] - 1, match[3]) : undefined;
+      },
+      is: function(val) { return val instanceof Date && !isNaN(val.valueOf()); },
+      equals: function (a, b) { return this.is(a) && this.is(b) && a.toISOString() === b.toISOString(); },
+      pattern: /[0-9]{4}-(?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(?:0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/,
+      capture: /([0-9]{4})-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/
+    },
+    json: {
+      encode: angular.toJson,
+      decode: angular.fromJson,
+      is: angular.isObject,
+      equals: angular.equals,
+      pattern: /[^/]*/
+    },
+    any: { // does not encode/decode
+      encode: angular.identity,
+      decode: angular.identity,
+      equals: angular.equals,
+      pattern: /.*/
+    }
+  };
+
+  function getDefaultConfig() {
+    return {
+      strict: isStrictMode,
+      caseInsensitive: isCaseInsensitive
+    };
+  }
+
+  function isInjectable(value) {
+    return (isFunction(value) || (isArray(value) && isFunction(value[value.length - 1])));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * [Internal] Get the default value of a parameter, which may be an injectable function.
+   */
+  $UrlMatcherFactory.$$getDefaultValue = function(config) {
+    if (!isInjectable(config.value)) return config.value;
+    if (!injector) throw new Error("Injectable functions cannot be called at configuration time");
+    return injector.invoke(config.value);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#caseInsensitive
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines whether URL matching should be case sensitive (the default behavior), or not.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} value `false` to match URL in a case sensitive manner; otherwise `true`;
+   * @returns {boolean} the current value of caseInsensitive
+   */
+  this.caseInsensitive = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value))
+      isCaseInsensitive = value;
+    return isCaseInsensitive;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#strictMode
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines whether URLs should match trailing slashes, or not (the default behavior).
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value `false` to match trailing slashes in URLs, otherwise `true`.
+   * @returns {boolean} the current value of strictMode
+   */
+  this.strictMode = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value))
+      isStrictMode = value;
+    return isStrictMode;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#defaultSquashPolicy
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the default behavior when generating or matching URLs with default parameter values.
+   *
+   * @param {string} value A string that defines the default parameter URL squashing behavior.
+   *    `nosquash`: When generating an href with a default parameter value, do not squash the parameter value from the URL
+   *    `slash`: When generating an href with a default parameter value, squash (remove) the parameter value, and, if the
+   *             parameter is surrounded by slashes, squash (remove) one slash from the URL
+   *    any other string, e.g. "~": When generating an href with a default parameter value, squash (remove)
+   *             the parameter value from the URL and replace it with this string.
+   */
+  this.defaultSquashPolicy = function(value) {
+    if (!isDefined(value)) return defaultSquashPolicy;
+    if (value !== true && value !== false && !isString(value))
+      throw new Error("Invalid squash policy: " + value + ". Valid policies: false, true, arbitrary-string");
+    defaultSquashPolicy = value;
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#compile
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} for the specified pattern.
+   *
+   * @param {string} pattern  The URL pattern.
+   * @param {Object} config  The config object hash.
+   * @returns {UrlMatcher}  The UrlMatcher.
+   */
+  this.compile = function (pattern, config) {
+    return new UrlMatcher(pattern, extend(getDefaultConfig(), config));
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#isMatcher
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns true if the specified object is a `UrlMatcher`, or false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} object  The object to perform the type check against.
+   * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the object matches the `UrlMatcher` interface, by
+   *          implementing all the same methods.
+   */
+  this.isMatcher = function (o) {
+    if (!isObject(o)) return false;
+    var result = true;
+
+    forEach(UrlMatcher.prototype, function(val, name) {
+      if (isFunction(val)) {
+        result = result && (isDefined(o[name]) && isFunction(o[name]));
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#type
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a custom {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} object that can be used to
+   * generate URLs with typed parameters.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name  The type name.
+   * @param {Object|Function} definition   The type definition. See
+   *        {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} for information on the values accepted.
+   * @param {Object|Function} definitionFn (optional) A function that is injected before the app
+   *        runtime starts.  The result of this function is merged into the existing `definition`.
+   *        See {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} for information on the values accepted.
+   *
+   * @returns {Object}  Returns `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * This is a simple example of a custom type that encodes and decodes items from an
+   * array, using the array index as the URL-encoded value:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * var list = ['John', 'Paul', 'George', 'Ringo'];
+   *
+   * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('listItem', {
+   *   encode: function(item) {
+   *     // Represent the list item in the URL using its corresponding index
+   *     return list.indexOf(item);
+   *   },
+   *   decode: function(item) {
+   *     // Look up the list item by index
+   *     return list[parseInt(item, 10)];
+   *   },
+   *   is: function(item) {
+   *     // Ensure the item is valid by checking to see that it appears
+   *     // in the list
+   *     return list.indexOf(item) > -1;
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * $stateProvider.state('list', {
+   *   url: "/list/{item:listItem}",
+   *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
+   *     console.log($stateParams.item);
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * // ...
+   *
+   * // Changes URL to '/list/3', logs "Ringo" to the console
+   * $state.go('list', { item: "Ringo" });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * This is a more complex example of a type that relies on dependency injection to
+   * interact with services, and uses the parameter name from the URL to infer how to
+   * handle encoding and decoding parameter values:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * // Defines a custom type that gets a value from a service,
+   * // where each service gets different types of values from
+   * // a backend API:
+   * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('dbObject', {}, function(Users, Posts) {
+   *
+   *   // Matches up services to URL parameter names
+   *   var services = {
+   *     user: Users,
+   *     post: Posts
+   *   };
+   *
+   *   return {
+   *     encode: function(object) {
+   *       // Represent the object in the URL using its unique ID
+   *       return object.id;
+   *     },
+   *     decode: function(value, key) {
+   *       // Look up the object by ID, using the parameter
+   *       // name (key) to call the correct service
+   *       return services[key].findById(value);
+   *     },
+   *     is: function(object, key) {
+   *       // Check that object is a valid dbObject
+   *       return angular.isObject(object) && object.id && services[key];
+   *     }
+   *     equals: function(a, b) {
+   *       // Check the equality of decoded objects by comparing
+   *       // their unique IDs
+   *       return a.id === b.id;
+   *     }
+   *   };
+   * });
+   *
+   * // In a config() block, you can then attach URLs with
+   * // type-annotated parameters:
+   * $stateProvider.state('users', {
+   *   url: "/users",
+   *   // ...
+   * }).state('users.item', {
+   *   url: "/{user:dbObject}",
+   *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
+   *     // $stateParams.user will now be an object returned from
+   *     // the Users service
+   *   },
+   *   // ...
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  this.type = function (name, definition, definitionFn) {
+    if (!isDefined(definition)) return $types[name];
+    if ($types.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("A type named '" + name + "' has already been defined.");
+
+    $types[name] = new Type(extend({ name: name }, definition));
+    if (definitionFn) {
+      typeQueue.push({ name: name, def: definitionFn });
+      if (!enqueue) flushTypeQueue();
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // `flushTypeQueue()` waits until `$urlMatcherFactory` is injected before invoking the queued `definitionFn`s
+  function flushTypeQueue() {
+    while(typeQueue.length) {
+      var type = typeQueue.shift();
+      if (type.pattern) throw new Error("You cannot override a type's .pattern at runtime.");
+      angular.extend($types[type.name], injector.invoke(type.def));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Register default types. Store them in the prototype of $types.
+  forEach(defaultTypes, function(type, name) { $types[name] = new Type(extend({name: name}, type)); });
+  $types = inherit($types, {});
+
+  /* No need to document $get, since it returns this */
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function ($injector) {
+    injector = $injector;
+    enqueue = false;
+    flushTypeQueue();
+
+    forEach(defaultTypes, function(type, name) {
+      if (!$types[name]) $types[name] = new Type(type);
+    });
+    return this;
+  }];
+
+  this.Param = function Param(id, type, config, location) {
+    var self = this;
+    config = unwrapShorthand(config);
+    type = getType(config, type, location);
+    var arrayMode = getArrayMode();
+    type = arrayMode ? type.$asArray(arrayMode, location === "search") : type;
+    if (type.name === "string" && !arrayMode && location === "path" && config.value === undefined)
+      config.value = ""; // for 0.2.x; in 0.3.0+ do not automatically default to ""
+    var isOptional = config.value !== undefined;
+    var squash = getSquashPolicy(config, isOptional);
+    var replace = getReplace(config, arrayMode, isOptional, squash);
+
+    function unwrapShorthand(config) {
+      var keys = isObject(config) ? objectKeys(config) : [];
+      var isShorthand = indexOf(keys, "value") === -1 && indexOf(keys, "type") === -1 &&
+                        indexOf(keys, "squash") === -1 && indexOf(keys, "array") === -1;
+      if (isShorthand) config = { value: config };
+      config.$$fn = isInjectable(config.value) ? config.value : function () { return config.value; };
+      return config;
+    }
+
+    function getType(config, urlType, location) {
+      if (config.type && urlType) throw new Error("Param '"+id+"' has two type configurations.");
+      if (urlType) return urlType;
+      if (!config.type) return (location === "config" ? $types.any : $types.string);
+      return config.type instanceof Type ? config.type : new Type(config.type);
+    }
+
+    // array config: param name (param[]) overrides default settings.  explicit config overrides param name.
+    function getArrayMode() {
+      var arrayDefaults = { array: (location === "search" ? "auto" : false) };
+      var arrayParamNomenclature = id.match(/\[\]$/) ? { array: true } : {};
+      return extend(arrayDefaults, arrayParamNomenclature, config).array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * returns false, true, or the squash value to indicate the "default parameter url squash policy".
+     */
+    function getSquashPolicy(config, isOptional) {
+      var squash = config.squash;
+      if (!isOptional || squash === false) return false;
+      if (!isDefined(squash) || squash == null) return defaultSquashPolicy;
+      if (squash === true || isString(squash)) return squash;
+      throw new Error("Invalid squash policy: '" + squash + "'. Valid policies: false, true, or arbitrary string");
+    }
+
+    function getReplace(config, arrayMode, isOptional, squash) {
+      var replace, configuredKeys, defaultPolicy = [
+        { from: "",   to: (isOptional || arrayMode ? undefined : "") },
+        { from: null, to: (isOptional || arrayMode ? undefined : "") }
+      ];
+      replace = isArray(config.replace) ? config.replace : [];
+      if (isString(squash))
+        replace.push({ from: squash, to: undefined });
+      configuredKeys = map(replace, function(item) { return item.from; } );
+      return filter(defaultPolicy, function(item) { return indexOf(configuredKeys, item.from) === -1; }).concat(replace);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * [Internal] Get the default value of a parameter, which may be an injectable function.
+     */
+    function $$getDefaultValue() {
+      if (!injector) throw new Error("Injectable functions cannot be called at configuration time");
+      var defaultValue = injector.invoke(config.$$fn);
+      if (defaultValue !== null && defaultValue !== undefined && !self.type.is(defaultValue))
+        throw new Error("Default value (" + defaultValue + ") for parameter '" + self.id + "' is not an instance of Type (" + self.type.name + ")");
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * [Internal] Gets the decoded representation of a value if the value is defined, otherwise, returns the
+     * default value, which may be the result of an injectable function.
+     */
+    function $value(value) {
+      function hasReplaceVal(val) { return function(obj) { return obj.from === val; }; }
+      function $replace(value) {
+        var replacement = map(filter(self.replace, hasReplaceVal(value)), function(obj) { return obj.to; });
+        return replacement.length ? replacement[0] : value;
+      }
+      value = $replace(value);
+      return !isDefined(value) ? $$getDefaultValue() : self.type.$normalize(value);
+    }
+
+    function toString() { return "{Param:" + id + " " + type + " squash: '" + squash + "' optional: " + isOptional + "}"; }
+
+    extend(this, {
+      id: id,
+      type: type,
+      location: location,
+      array: arrayMode,
+      squash: squash,
+      replace: replace,
+      isOptional: isOptional,
+      value: $value,
+      dynamic: undefined,
+      config: config,
+      toString: toString
+    });
+  };
+
+  function ParamSet(params) {
+    extend(this, params || {});
+  }
+
+  ParamSet.prototype = {
+    $$new: function() {
+      return inherit(this, extend(new ParamSet(), { $$parent: this}));
+    },
+    $$keys: function () {
+      var keys = [], chain = [], parent = this,
+        ignore = objectKeys(ParamSet.prototype);
+      while (parent) { chain.push(parent); parent = parent.$$parent; }
+      chain.reverse();
+      forEach(chain, function(paramset) {
+        forEach(objectKeys(paramset), function(key) {
+            if (indexOf(keys, key) === -1 && indexOf(ignore, key) === -1) keys.push(key);
+        });
+      });
+      return keys;
+    },
+    $$values: function(paramValues) {
+      var values = {}, self = this;
+      forEach(self.$$keys(), function(key) {
+        values[key] = self[key].value(paramValues && paramValues[key]);
+      });
+      return values;
+    },
+    $$equals: function(paramValues1, paramValues2) {
+      var equal = true, self = this;
+      forEach(self.$$keys(), function(key) {
+        var left = paramValues1 && paramValues1[key], right = paramValues2 && paramValues2[key];
+        if (!self[key].type.equals(left, right)) equal = false;
+      });
+      return equal;
+    },
+    $$validates: function $$validate(paramValues) {
+      var keys = this.$$keys(), i, param, rawVal, normalized, encoded;
+      for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+        param = this[keys[i]];
+        rawVal = paramValues[keys[i]];
+        if ((rawVal === undefined || rawVal === null) && param.isOptional)
+          break; // There was no parameter value, but the param is optional
+        normalized = param.type.$normalize(rawVal);
+        if (!param.type.is(normalized))
+          return false; // The value was not of the correct Type, and could not be decoded to the correct Type
+        encoded = param.type.encode(normalized);
+        if (angular.isString(encoded) && !param.type.pattern.exec(encoded))
+          return false; // The value was of the correct type, but when encoded, did not match the Type's regexp
+      }
+      return true;
+    },
+    $$parent: undefined
+  };
+
+  this.ParamSet = ParamSet;
+}
+
+// Register as a provider so it's available to other providers
+angular.module('ui.router.util').provider('$urlMatcherFactory', $UrlMatcherFactory);
+angular.module('ui.router.util').run(['$urlMatcherFactory', function($urlMatcherFactory) { }]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
+ * @requires $locationProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$urlRouterProvider` has the responsibility of watching `$location`. 
+ * When `$location` changes it runs through a list of rules one by one until a 
+ * match is found. `$urlRouterProvider` is used behind the scenes anytime you specify 
+ * a url in a state configuration. All urls are compiled into a UrlMatcher object.
+ *
+ * There are several methods on `$urlRouterProvider` that make it useful to use directly
+ * in your module config.
+ */
+$UrlRouterProvider.$inject = ['$locationProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
+function $UrlRouterProvider(   $locationProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
+  var rules = [], otherwise = null, interceptDeferred = false, listener;
+
+  // Returns a string that is a prefix of all strings matching the RegExp
+  function regExpPrefix(re) {
+    var prefix = /^\^((?:\\[^a-zA-Z0-9]|[^\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]+)*)/.exec(re.source);
+    return (prefix != null) ? prefix[1].replace(/\\(.)/g, "$1") : '';
+  }
+
+  // Interpolates matched values into a String.replace()-style pattern
+  function interpolate(pattern, match) {
+    return pattern.replace(/\$(\$|\d{1,2})/, function (m, what) {
+      return match[what === '$' ? 0 : Number(what)];
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#rule
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines rules that are used by `$urlRouterProvider` to find matches for
+   * specific URLs.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *   // Here's an example of how you might allow case insensitive urls
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.rule(function ($injector, $location) {
+   *     var path = $location.path(),
+   *         normalized = path.toLowerCase();
+   *
+   *     if (path !== normalized) {
+   *       return normalized;
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object} rule Handler function that takes `$injector` and `$location`
+   * services as arguments. You can use them to return a valid path as a string.
+   *
+   * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
+   */
+  this.rule = function (rule) {
+    if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
+    rules.push(rule);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#otherwise
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines a path that is used when an invalid route is requested.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *   // if the path doesn't match any of the urls you configured
+   *   // otherwise will take care of routing the user to the
+   *   // specified url
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/index');
+   *
+   *   // Example of using function rule as param
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise(function ($injector, $location) {
+   *     return '/a/valid/url';
+   *   });
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} rule The url path you want to redirect to or a function 
+   * rule that returns the url path. The function version is passed two params: 
+   * `$injector` and `$location` services, and must return a url string.
+   *
+   * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
+   */
+  this.otherwise = function (rule) {
+    if (isString(rule)) {
+      var redirect = rule;
+      rule = function () { return redirect; };
+    }
+    else if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
+    otherwise = rule;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  function handleIfMatch($injector, handler, match) {
+    if (!match) return false;
+    var result = $injector.invoke(handler, handler, { $match: match });
+    return isDefined(result) ? result : true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#when
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a handler for a given url matching. if handle is a string, it is
+   * treated as a redirect, and is interpolated according to the syntax of match
+   * (i.e. like `String.replace()` for `RegExp`, or like a `UrlMatcher` pattern otherwise).
+   *
+   * If the handler is a function, it is injectable. It gets invoked if `$location`
+   * matches. You have the option of inject the match object as `$match`.
+   *
+   * The handler can return
+   *
+   * - **falsy** to indicate that the rule didn't match after all, then `$urlRouter`
+   *   will continue trying to find another one that matches.
+   * - **string** which is treated as a redirect and passed to `$location.url()`
+   * - **void** or any **truthy** value tells `$urlRouter` that the url was handled.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.when($state.url, function ($match, $stateParams) {
+   *     if ($state.$current.navigable !== state ||
+   *         !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams) {
+   *      $state.transitionTo(state, $match, false);
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} what The incoming path that you want to redirect.
+   * @param {string|object} handler The path you want to redirect your user to.
+   */
+  this.when = function (what, handler) {
+    var redirect, handlerIsString = isString(handler);
+    if (isString(what)) what = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(what);
+
+    if (!handlerIsString && !isFunction(handler) && !isArray(handler))
+      throw new Error("invalid 'handler' in when()");
+
+    var strategies = {
+      matcher: function (what, handler) {
+        if (handlerIsString) {
+          redirect = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(handler);
+          handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return redirect.format($match); }];
+        }
+        return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
+          return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path(), $location.search()));
+        }, {
+          prefix: isString(what.prefix) ? what.prefix : ''
+        });
+      },
+      regex: function (what, handler) {
+        if (what.global || what.sticky) throw new Error("when() RegExp must not be global or sticky");
+
+        if (handlerIsString) {
+          redirect = handler;
+          handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return interpolate(redirect, $match); }];
+        }
+        return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
+          return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path()));
+        }, {
+          prefix: regExpPrefix(what)
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    var check = { matcher: $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(what), regex: what instanceof RegExp };
+
+    for (var n in check) {
+      if (check[n]) return this.rule(strategies[n](what, handler));
+    }
+
+    throw new Error("invalid 'what' in when()");
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#deferIntercept
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Disables (or enables) deferring location change interception.
+   *
+   * If you wish to customize the behavior of syncing the URL (for example, if you wish to
+   * defer a transition but maintain the current URL), call this method at configuration time.
+   * Then, at run time, call `$urlRouter.listen()` after you have configured your own
+   * `$locationChangeSuccess` event handler.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *
+   *   // Prevent $urlRouter from automatically intercepting URL changes;
+   *   // this allows you to configure custom behavior in between
+   *   // location changes and route synchronization:
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.deferIntercept();
+   *
+   * }).run(function ($rootScope, $urlRouter, UserService) {
+   *
+   *   $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function(e) {
+   *     // UserService is an example service for managing user state
+   *     if (UserService.isLoggedIn()) return;
+   *
+   *     // Prevent $urlRouter's default handler from firing
+   *     e.preventDefault();
+   *
+   *     UserService.handleLogin().then(function() {
+   *       // Once the user has logged in, sync the current URL
+   *       // to the router:
+   *       $urlRouter.sync();
+   *     });
+   *   });
+   *
+   *   // Configures $urlRouter's listener *after* your custom listener
+   *   $urlRouter.listen();
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} defer Indicates whether to defer location change interception. Passing
+            no parameter is equivalent to `true`.
+   */
+  this.deferIntercept = function (defer) {
+    if (defer === undefined) defer = true;
+    interceptDeferred = defer;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+   *
+   * @requires $location
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   * @requires $injector
+   * @requires $browser
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   */
+  this.$get = $get;
+  $get.$inject = ['$location', '$rootScope', '$injector', '$browser'];
+  function $get(   $location,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $browser) {
+
+    var baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), location = $location.url(), lastPushedUrl;
+
+    function appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, absolute) {
+      if (baseHref === '/') return url;
+      if (isHtml5) return baseHref.slice(0, -1) + url;
+      if (absolute) return baseHref.slice(1) + url;
+      return url;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Optimize groups of rules with non-empty prefix into some sort of decision tree
+    function update(evt) {
+      if (evt && evt.defaultPrevented) return;
+      var ignoreUpdate = lastPushedUrl && $location.url() === lastPushedUrl;
+      lastPushedUrl = undefined;
+      // TODO: Re-implement this in 1.0 for https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-router/issues/1573
+      //if (ignoreUpdate) return true;
+
+      function check(rule) {
+        var handled = rule($injector, $location);
+
+        if (!handled) return false;
+        if (isString(handled)) $location.replace().url(handled);
+        return true;
+      }
+      var n = rules.length, i;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (check(rules[i])) return;
+      }
+      // always check otherwise last to allow dynamic updates to the set of rules
+      if (otherwise) check(otherwise);
+    }
+
+    function listen() {
+      listener = listener || $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', update);
+      return listener;
+    }
+
+    if (!interceptDeferred) listen();
+
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#sync
+       * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Triggers an update; the same update that happens when the address bar url changes, aka `$locationChangeSuccess`.
+       * This method is useful when you need to use `preventDefault()` on the `$locationChangeSuccess` event,
+       * perform some custom logic (route protection, auth, config, redirection, etc) and then finally proceed
+       * with the transition by calling `$urlRouter.sync()`.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * <pre>
+       * angular.module('app', ['ui.router'])
+       *   .run(function($rootScope, $urlRouter) {
+       *     $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function(evt) {
+       *       // Halt state change from even starting
+       *       evt.preventDefault();
+       *       // Perform custom logic
+       *       var meetsRequirement = ...
+       *       // Continue with the update and state transition if logic allows
+       *       if (meetsRequirement) $urlRouter.sync();
+       *     });
+       * });
+       * </pre>
+       */
+      sync: function() {
+        update();
+      },
+
+      listen: function() {
+        return listen();
+      },
+
+      update: function(read) {
+        if (read) {
+          location = $location.url();
+          return;
+        }
+        if ($location.url() === location) return;
+
+        $location.url(location);
+        $location.replace();
+      },
+
+      push: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
+         var url = urlMatcher.format(params || {});
+
+        // Handle the special hash param, if needed
+        if (url !== null && params && params['#']) {
+            url += '#' + params['#'];
+        }
+
+        $location.url(url);
+        lastPushedUrl = options && options.$$avoidResync ? $location.url() : undefined;
+        if (options && options.replace) $location.replace();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#href
+       * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A URL generation method that returns the compiled URL for a given
+       * {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}, populated with the provided parameters.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * <pre>
+       * $bob = $urlRouter.href(new UrlMatcher("/about/:person"), {
+       *   person: "bob"
+       * });
+       * // $bob == "/about/bob";
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * @param {UrlMatcher} urlMatcher The `UrlMatcher` object which is used as the template of the URL to generate.
+       * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the matcher's required parameters.
+       * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+       *
+       * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
+       *
+       * @returns {string} Returns the fully compiled URL, or `null` if `params` fail validation against `urlMatcher`
+       */
+      href: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
+        if (!urlMatcher.validates(params)) return null;
+
+        var isHtml5 = $locationProvider.html5Mode();
+        if (angular.isObject(isHtml5)) {
+          isHtml5 = isHtml5.enabled;
+        }
+        
+        var url = urlMatcher.format(params);
+        options = options || {};
+
+        if (!isHtml5 && url !== null) {
+          url = "#" + $locationProvider.hashPrefix() + url;
+        }
+
+        // Handle special hash param, if needed
+        if (url !== null && params && params['#']) {
+          url += '#' + params['#'];
+        }
+
+        url = appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, options.absolute);
+
+        if (!options.absolute || !url) {
+          return url;
+        }
+
+        var slash = (!isHtml5 && url ? '/' : ''), port = $location.port();
+        port = (port === 80 || port === 443 ? '' : ':' + port);
+
+        return [$location.protocol(), '://', $location.host(), port, slash, url].join('');
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.router').provider('$urlRouter', $UrlRouterProvider);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+ * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The new `$stateProvider` works similar to Angular's v1 router, but it focuses purely
+ * on state.
+ *
+ * A state corresponds to a "place" in the application in terms of the overall UI and
+ * navigation. A state describes (via the controller / template / view properties) what
+ * the UI looks like and does at that place.
+ *
+ * States often have things in common, and the primary way of factoring out these
+ * commonalities in this model is via the state hierarchy, i.e. parent/child states aka
+ * nested states.
+ *
+ * The `$stateProvider` provides interfaces to declare these states for your app.
+ */
+$StateProvider.$inject = ['$urlRouterProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
+function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
+
+  var root, states = {}, $state, queue = {}, abstractKey = 'abstract';
+
+  // Builds state properties from definition passed to registerState()
+  var stateBuilder = {
+
+    // Derive parent state from a hierarchical name only if 'parent' is not explicitly defined.
+    // state.children = [];
+    // if (parent) parent.children.push(state);
+    parent: function(state) {
+      if (isDefined(state.parent) && state.parent) return findState(state.parent);
+      // regex matches any valid composite state name
+      // would match "contact.list" but not "contacts"
+      var compositeName = /^(.+)\.[^.]+$/.exec(state.name);
+      return compositeName ? findState(compositeName[1]) : root;
+    },
+
+    // inherit 'data' from parent and override by own values (if any)
+    data: function(state) {
+      if (state.parent && state.parent.data) {
+        state.data = state.self.data = extend({}, state.parent.data, state.data);
+      }
+      return state.data;
+    },
+
+    // Build a URLMatcher if necessary, either via a relative or absolute URL
+    url: function(state) {
+      var url = state.url, config = { params: state.params || {} };
+
+      if (isString(url)) {
+        if (url.charAt(0) == '^') return $urlMatcherFactory.compile(url.substring(1), config);
+        return (state.parent.navigable || root).url.concat(url, config);
+      }
+
+      if (!url || $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(url)) return url;
+      throw new Error("Invalid url '" + url + "' in state '" + state + "'");
+    },
+
+    // Keep track of the closest ancestor state that has a URL (i.e. is navigable)
+    navigable: function(state) {
+      return state.url ? state : (state.parent ? state.parent.navigable : null);
+    },
+
+    // Own parameters for this state. state.url.params is already built at this point. Create and add non-url params
+    ownParams: function(state) {
+      var params = state.url && state.url.params || new $$UMFP.ParamSet();
+      forEach(state.params || {}, function(config, id) {
+        if (!params[id]) params[id] = new $$UMFP.Param(id, null, config, "config");
+      });
+      return params;
+    },
+
+    // Derive parameters for this state and ensure they're a super-set of parent's parameters
+    params: function(state) {
+      return state.parent && state.parent.params ? extend(state.parent.params.$$new(), state.ownParams) : new $$UMFP.ParamSet();
+    },
+
+    // If there is no explicit multi-view configuration, make one up so we don't have
+    // to handle both cases in the view directive later. Note that having an explicit
+    // 'views' property will mean the default unnamed view properties are ignored. This
+    // is also a good time to resolve view names to absolute names, so everything is a
+    // straight lookup at link time.
+    views: function(state) {
+      var views = {};
+
+      forEach(isDefined(state.views) ? state.views : { '': state }, function (view, name) {
+        if (name.indexOf('@') < 0) name += '@' + state.parent.name;
+        views[name] = view;
+      });
+      return views;
+    },
+
+    // Keep a full path from the root down to this state as this is needed for state activation.
+    path: function(state) {
+      return state.parent ? state.parent.path.concat(state) : []; // exclude root from path
+    },
+
+    // Speed up $state.contains() as it's used a lot
+    includes: function(state) {
+      var includes = state.parent ? extend({}, state.parent.includes) : {};
+      includes[state.name] = true;
+      return includes;
+    },
+
+    $delegates: {}
+  };
+
+  function isRelative(stateName) {
+    return stateName.indexOf(".") === 0 || stateName.indexOf("^") === 0;
+  }
+
+  function findState(stateOrName, base) {
+    if (!stateOrName) return undefined;
+
+    var isStr = isString(stateOrName),
+        name  = isStr ? stateOrName : stateOrName.name,
+        path  = isRelative(name);
+
+    if (path) {
+      if (!base) throw new Error("No reference point given for path '"  + name + "'");
+      base = findState(base);
+      
+      var rel = name.split("."), i = 0, pathLength = rel.length, current = base;
+
+      for (; i < pathLength; i++) {
+        if (rel[i] === "" && i === 0) {
+          current = base;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (rel[i] === "^") {
+          if (!current.parent) throw new Error("Path '" + name + "' not valid for state '" + base.name + "'");
+          current = current.parent;
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      rel = rel.slice(i).join(".");
+      name = current.name + (current.name && rel ? "." : "") + rel;
+    }
+    var state = states[name];
+
+    if (state && (isStr || (!isStr && (state === stateOrName || state.self === stateOrName)))) {
+      return state;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  function queueState(parentName, state) {
+    if (!queue[parentName]) {
+      queue[parentName] = [];
+    }
+    queue[parentName].push(state);
+  }
+
+  function flushQueuedChildren(parentName) {
+    var queued = queue[parentName] || [];
+    while(queued.length) {
+      registerState(queued.shift());
+    }
+  }
+
+  function registerState(state) {
+    // Wrap a new object around the state so we can store our private details easily.
+    state = inherit(state, {
+      self: state,
+      resolve: state.resolve || {},
+      toString: function() { return this.name; }
+    });
+
+    var name = state.name;
+    if (!isString(name) || name.indexOf('@') >= 0) throw new Error("State must have a valid name");
+    if (states.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("State '" + name + "'' is already defined");
+
+    // Get parent name
+    var parentName = (name.indexOf('.') !== -1) ? name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('.'))
+        : (isString(state.parent)) ? state.parent
+        : (isObject(state.parent) && isString(state.parent.name)) ? state.parent.name
+        : '';
+
+    // If parent is not registered yet, add state to queue and register later
+    if (parentName && !states[parentName]) {
+      return queueState(parentName, state.self);
+    }
+
+    for (var key in stateBuilder) {
+      if (isFunction(stateBuilder[key])) state[key] = stateBuilder[key](state, stateBuilder.$delegates[key]);
+    }
+    states[name] = state;
+
+    // Register the state in the global state list and with $urlRouter if necessary.
+    if (!state[abstractKey] && state.url) {
+      $urlRouterProvider.when(state.url, ['$match', '$stateParams', function ($match, $stateParams) {
+        if ($state.$current.navigable != state || !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams)) {
+          $state.transitionTo(state, $match, { inherit: true, location: false });
+        }
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    // Register any queued children
+    flushQueuedChildren(name);
+
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  // Checks text to see if it looks like a glob.
+  function isGlob (text) {
+    return text.indexOf('*') > -1;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if glob matches current $state name.
+  function doesStateMatchGlob (glob) {
+    var globSegments = glob.split('.'),
+        segments = $state.$current.name.split('.');
+
+    //match single stars
+    for (var i = 0, l = globSegments.length; i < l; i++) {
+      if (globSegments[i] === '*') {
+        segments[i] = '*';
+      }
+    }
+
+    //match greedy starts
+    if (globSegments[0] === '**') {
+       segments = segments.slice(indexOf(segments, globSegments[1]));
+       segments.unshift('**');
+    }
+    //match greedy ends
+    if (globSegments[globSegments.length - 1] === '**') {
+       segments.splice(indexOf(segments, globSegments[globSegments.length - 2]) + 1, Number.MAX_VALUE);
+       segments.push('**');
+    }
+
+    if (globSegments.length != segments.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return segments.join('') === globSegments.join('');
+  }
+
+
+  // Implicit root state that is always active
+  root = registerState({
+    name: '',
+    url: '^',
+    views: null,
+    'abstract': true
+  });
+  root.navigable = null;
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#decorator
+   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Allows you to extend (carefully) or override (at your own peril) the 
+   * `stateBuilder` object used internally by `$stateProvider`. This can be used 
+   * to add custom functionality to ui-router, for example inferring templateUrl 
+   * based on the state name.
+   *
+   * When passing only a name, it returns the current (original or decorated) builder
+   * function that matches `name`.
+   *
+   * The builder functions that can be decorated are listed below. Though not all
+   * necessarily have a good use case for decoration, that is up to you to decide.
+   *
+   * In addition, users can attach custom decorators, which will generate new 
+   * properties within the state's internal definition. There is currently no clear 
+   * use-case for this beyond accessing internal states (i.e. $state.$current), 
+   * however, expect this to become increasingly relevant as we introduce additional 
+   * meta-programming features.
+   *
+   * **Warning**: Decorators should not be interdependent because the order of 
+   * execution of the builder functions in non-deterministic. Builder functions 
+   * should only be dependent on the state definition object and super function.
+   *
+   *
+   * Existing builder functions and current return values:
+   *
+   * - **parent** `{object}` - returns the parent state object.
+   * - **data** `{object}` - returns state data, including any inherited data that is not
+   *   overridden by own values (if any).
+   * - **url** `{object}` - returns a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher UrlMatcher}
+   *   or `null`.
+   * - **navigable** `{object}` - returns closest ancestor state that has a URL (aka is 
+   *   navigable).
+   * - **params** `{object}` - returns an array of state params that are ensured to 
+   *   be a super-set of parent's params.
+   * - **views** `{object}` - returns a views object where each key is an absolute view 
+   *   name (i.e. "viewName@stateName") and each value is the config object 
+   *   (template, controller) for the view. Even when you don't use the views object 
+   *   explicitly on a state config, one is still created for you internally.
+   *   So by decorating this builder function you have access to decorating template 
+   *   and controller properties.
+   * - **ownParams** `{object}` - returns an array of params that belong to the state, 
+   *   not including any params defined by ancestor states.
+   * - **path** `{string}` - returns the full path from the root down to this state. 
+   *   Needed for state activation.
+   * - **includes** `{object}` - returns an object that includes every state that 
+   *   would pass a `$state.includes()` test.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * // Override the internal 'views' builder with a function that takes the state
+   * // definition, and a reference to the internal function being overridden:
+   * $stateProvider.decorator('views', function (state, parent) {
+   *   var result = {},
+   *       views = parent(state);
+   *
+   *   angular.forEach(views, function (config, name) {
+   *     var autoName = (state.name + '.' + name).replace('.', '/');
+   *     config.templateUrl = config.templateUrl || '/partials/' + autoName + '.html';
+   *     result[name] = config;
+   *   });
+   *   return result;
+   * });
+   *
+   * $stateProvider.state('home', {
+   *   views: {
+   *     'contact.list': { controller: 'ListController' },
+   *     'contact.item': { controller: 'ItemController' }
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * // ...
+   *
+   * $state.go('home');
+   * // Auto-populates list and item views with /partials/home/contact/list.html,
+   * // and /partials/home/contact/item.html, respectively.
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string} name The name of the builder function to decorate. 
+   * @param {object} func A function that is responsible for decorating the original 
+   * builder function. The function receives two parameters:
+   *
+   *   - `{object}` - state - The state config object.
+   *   - `{object}` - super - The original builder function.
+   *
+   * @return {object} $stateProvider - $stateProvider instance
+   */
+  this.decorator = decorator;
+  function decorator(name, func) {
+    /*jshint validthis: true */
+    if (isString(name) && !isDefined(func)) {
+      return stateBuilder[name];
+    }
+    if (!isFunction(func) || !isString(name)) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (stateBuilder[name] && !stateBuilder.$delegates[name]) {
+      stateBuilder.$delegates[name] = stateBuilder[name];
+    }
+    stateBuilder[name] = func;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#state
+   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a state configuration under a given state name. The stateConfig object
+   * has the following acceptable properties.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name A unique state name, e.g. "home", "about", "contacts".
+   * To create a parent/child state use a dot, e.g. "about.sales", "home.newest".
+   * @param {object} stateConfig State configuration object.
+   * @param {string|function=} stateConfig.template
+   * <a id='template'></a>
+   *   html template as a string or a function that returns
+   *   an html template as a string which should be used by the uiView directives. This property 
+   *   takes precedence over templateUrl.
+   *   
+   *   If `template` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
+   *
+   *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by
+   *     applying the current state
+   *
+   * <pre>template:
+   *   "<h1>inline template definition</h1>" +
+   *   "<div ui-view></div>"</pre>
+   * <pre>template: function(params) {
+   *       return "<h1>generated template</h1>"; }</pre>
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string|function=} stateConfig.templateUrl
+   * <a id='templateUrl'></a>
+   *
+   *   path or function that returns a path to an html
+   *   template that should be used by uiView.
+   *   
+   *   If `templateUrl` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
+   *
+   *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by 
+   *     applying the current state
+   *
+   * <pre>templateUrl: "home.html"</pre>
+   * <pre>templateUrl: function(params) {
+   *     return myTemplates[params.pageId]; }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.templateProvider
+   * <a id='templateProvider'></a>
+   *    Provider function that returns HTML content string.
+   * <pre> templateProvider:
+   *       function(MyTemplateService, params) {
+   *         return MyTemplateService.getTemplate(params.pageId);
+   *       }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|function=} stateConfig.controller
+   * <a id='controller'></a>
+   *
+   *  Controller fn that should be associated with newly
+   *   related scope or the name of a registered controller if passed as a string.
+   *   Optionally, the ControllerAs may be declared here.
+   * <pre>controller: "MyRegisteredController"</pre>
+   * <pre>controller:
+   *     "MyRegisteredController as fooCtrl"}</pre>
+   * <pre>controller: function($scope, MyService) {
+   *     $scope.data = MyService.getData(); }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.controllerProvider
+   * <a id='controllerProvider'></a>
+   *
+   * Injectable provider function that returns the actual controller or string.
+   * <pre>controllerProvider:
+   *   function(MyResolveData) {
+   *     if (MyResolveData.foo)
+   *       return "FooCtrl"
+   *     else if (MyResolveData.bar)
+   *       return "BarCtrl";
+   *     else return function($scope) {
+   *       $scope.baz = "Qux";
+   *     }
+   *   }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string=} stateConfig.controllerAs
+   * <a id='controllerAs'></a>
+   * 
+   * A controller alias name. If present the controller will be
+   *   published to scope under the controllerAs name.
+   * <pre>controllerAs: "myCtrl"</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|object=} stateConfig.parent
+   * <a id='parent'></a>
+   * Optionally specifies the parent state of this state.
+   *
+   * <pre>parent: 'parentState'</pre>
+   * <pre>parent: parentState // JS variable</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.resolve
+   * <a id='resolve'></a>
+   *
+   * An optional map&lt;string, function&gt; of dependencies which
+   *   should be injected into the controller. If any of these dependencies are promises, 
+   *   the router will wait for them all to be resolved before the controller is instantiated.
+   *   If all the promises are resolved successfully, the $stateChangeSuccess event is fired
+   *   and the values of the resolved promises are injected into any controllers that reference them.
+   *   If any  of the promises are rejected the $stateChangeError event is fired.
+   *
+   *   The map object is:
+   *   
+   *   - key - {string}: name of dependency to be injected into controller
+   *   - factory - {string|function}: If string then it is alias for service. Otherwise if function, 
+   *     it is injected and return value it treated as dependency. If result is a promise, it is 
+   *     resolved before its value is injected into controller.
+   *
+   * <pre>resolve: {
+   *     myResolve1:
+   *       function($http, $stateParams) {
+   *         return $http.get("/api/foos/"+stateParams.fooID);
+   *       }
+   *     }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string=} stateConfig.url
+   * <a id='url'></a>
+   *
+   *   A url fragment with optional parameters. When a state is navigated or
+   *   transitioned to, the `$stateParams` service will be populated with any 
+   *   parameters that were passed.
+   *
+   *   (See {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher UrlMatcher} `UrlMatcher`} for
+   *   more details on acceptable patterns )
+   *
+   * examples:
+   * <pre>url: "/home"
+   * url: "/users/:userid"
+   * url: "/books/{bookid:[a-zA-Z_-]}"
+   * url: "/books/{categoryid:int}"
+   * url: "/books/{publishername:string}/{categoryid:int}"
+   * url: "/messages?before&after"
+   * url: "/messages?{before:date}&{after:date}"
+   * url: "/messages/:mailboxid?{before:date}&{after:date}"
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.views
+   * <a id='views'></a>
+   * an optional map&lt;string, object&gt; which defined multiple views, or targets views
+   * manually/explicitly.
+   *
+   * Examples:
+   *
+   * Targets three named `ui-view`s in the parent state's template
+   * <pre>views: {
+   *     header: {
+   *       controller: "headerCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "header.html"
+   *     }, body: {
+   *       controller: "bodyCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "body.html"
+   *     }, footer: {
+   *       controller: "footCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "footer.html"
+   *     }
+   *   }</pre>
+   *
+   * Targets named `ui-view="header"` from grandparent state 'top''s template, and named `ui-view="body" from parent state's template.
+   * <pre>views: {
+   *     'header@top': {
+   *       controller: "msgHeaderCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "msgHeader.html"
+   *     }, 'body': {
+   *       controller: "messagesCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "messages.html"
+   *     }
+   *   }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} [stateConfig.abstract=false]
+   * <a id='abstract'></a>
+   * An abstract state will never be directly activated,
+   *   but can provide inherited properties to its common children states.
+   * <pre>abstract: true</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.onEnter
+   * <a id='onEnter'></a>
+   *
+   * Callback function for when a state is entered. Good way
+   *   to trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
+   * If minifying your scripts, make sure to explictly annotate this function,
+   * because it won't be automatically annotated by your build tools.
+   *
+   * <pre>onEnter: function(MyService, $stateParams) {
+   *     MyService.foo($stateParams.myParam);
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.onExit
+   * <a id='onExit'></a>
+   *
+   * Callback function for when a state is exited. Good way to
+   *   trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
+   * If minifying your scripts, make sure to explictly annotate this function,
+   * because it won't be automatically annotated by your build tools.
+   *
+   * <pre>onExit: function(MyService, $stateParams) {
+   *     MyService.cleanup($stateParams.myParam);
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} [stateConfig.reloadOnSearch=true]
+   * <a id='reloadOnSearch'></a>
+   *
+   * If `false`, will not retrigger the same state
+   *   just because a search/query parameter has changed (via $location.search() or $location.hash()). 
+   *   Useful for when you'd like to modify $location.search() without triggering a reload.
+   * <pre>reloadOnSearch: false</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.data
+   * <a id='data'></a>
+   *
+   * Arbitrary data object, useful for custom configuration.  The parent state's `data` is
+   *   prototypally inherited.  In other words, adding a data property to a state adds it to
+   *   the entire subtree via prototypal inheritance.
+   *
+   * <pre>data: {
+   *     requiredRole: 'foo'
+   * } </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.params
+   * <a id='params'></a>
+   *
+   * A map which optionally configures parameters declared in the `url`, or
+   *   defines additional non-url parameters.  For each parameter being
+   *   configured, add a configuration object keyed to the name of the parameter.
+   *
+   *   Each parameter configuration object may contain the following properties:
+   *
+   *   - ** value ** - {object|function=}: specifies the default value for this
+   *     parameter.  This implicitly sets this parameter as optional.
+   *
+   *     When UI-Router routes to a state and no value is
+   *     specified for this parameter in the URL or transition, the
+   *     default value will be used instead.  If `value` is a function,
+   *     it will be injected and invoked, and the return value used.
+   *
+   *     *Note*: `undefined` is treated as "no default value" while `null`
+   *     is treated as "the default value is `null`".
+   *
+   *     *Shorthand*: If you only need to configure the default value of the
+   *     parameter, you may use a shorthand syntax.   In the **`params`**
+   *     map, instead mapping the param name to a full parameter configuration
+   *     object, simply set map it to the default parameter value, e.g.:
+   *
+   * <pre>// define a parameter's default value
+   * params: {
+   *     param1: { value: "defaultValue" }
+   * }
+   * // shorthand default values
+   * params: {
+   *     param1: "defaultValue",
+   *     param2: "param2Default"
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   *   - ** array ** - {boolean=}: *(default: false)* If true, the param value will be
+   *     treated as an array of values.  If you specified a Type, the value will be
+   *     treated as an array of the specified Type.  Note: query parameter values
+   *     default to a special `"auto"` mode.
+   *
+   *     For query parameters in `"auto"` mode, if multiple  values for a single parameter
+   *     are present in the URL (e.g.: `/foo?bar=1&bar=2&bar=3`) then the values
+   *     are mapped to an array (e.g.: `{ foo: [ '1', '2', '3' ] }`).  However, if
+   *     only one value is present (e.g.: `/foo?bar=1`) then the value is treated as single
+   *     value (e.g.: `{ foo: '1' }`).
+   *
+   * <pre>params: {
+   *     param1: { array: true }
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   *   - ** squash ** - {bool|string=}: `squash` configures how a default parameter value is represented in the URL when
+   *     the current parameter value is the same as the default value. If `squash` is not set, it uses the
+   *     configured default squash policy.
+   *     (See {@link ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#methods_defaultSquashPolicy `defaultSquashPolicy()`})
+   *
+   *   There are three squash settings:
+   *
+   *     - false: The parameter's default value is not squashed.  It is encoded and included in the URL
+   *     - true: The parameter's default value is omitted from the URL.  If the parameter is preceeded and followed
+   *       by slashes in the state's `url` declaration, then one of those slashes are omitted.
+   *       This can allow for cleaner looking URLs.
+   *     - `"<arbitrary string>"`: The parameter's default value is replaced with an arbitrary placeholder of  your choice.
+   *
+   * <pre>params: {
+   *     param1: {
+   *       value: "defaultId",
+   *       squash: true
+   * } }
+   * // squash "defaultValue" to "~"
+   * params: {
+   *     param1: {
+   *       value: "defaultValue",
+   *       squash: "~"
+   * } }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * // Some state name examples
+   *
+   * // stateName can be a single top-level name (must be unique).
+   * $stateProvider.state("home", {});
+   *
+   * // Or it can be a nested state name. This state is a child of the
+   * // above "home" state.
+   * $stateProvider.state("home.newest", {});
+   *
+   * // Nest states as deeply as needed.
+   * $stateProvider.state("home.newest.abc.xyz.inception", {});
+   *
+   * // state() returns $stateProvider, so you can chain state declarations.
+   * $stateProvider
+   *   .state("home", {})
+   *   .state("about", {})
+   *   .state("contacts", {});
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   */
+  this.state = state;
+  function state(name, definition) {
+    /*jshint validthis: true */
+    if (isObject(name)) definition = name;
+    else definition.name = name;
+    registerState(definition);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.state.$state
+   *
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   * @requires $q
+   * @requires ui.router.state.$view
+   * @requires $injector
+   * @requires ui.router.util.$resolve
+   * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
+   * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+   *
+   * @property {object} params A param object, e.g. {sectionId: section.id)}, that 
+   * you'd like to test against the current active state.
+   * @property {object} current A reference to the state's config object. However 
+   * you passed it in. Useful for accessing custom data.
+   * @property {object} transition Currently pending transition. A promise that'll 
+   * resolve or reject.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * `$state` service is responsible for representing states as well as transitioning
+   * between them. It also provides interfaces to ask for current state or even states
+   * you're coming from.
+   */
+  this.$get = $get;
+  $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$q', '$view', '$injector', '$resolve', '$stateParams', '$urlRouter', '$location', '$urlMatcherFactory'];
+  function $get(   $rootScope,   $q,   $view,   $injector,   $resolve,   $stateParams,   $urlRouter,   $location,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
+
+    var TransitionSuperseded = $q.reject(new Error('transition superseded'));
+    var TransitionPrevented = $q.reject(new Error('transition prevented'));
+    var TransitionAborted = $q.reject(new Error('transition aborted'));
+    var TransitionFailed = $q.reject(new Error('transition failed'));
+
+    // Handles the case where a state which is the target of a transition is not found, and the user
+    // can optionally retry or defer the transition
+    function handleRedirect(redirect, state, params, options) {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateNotFound
+       * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+       * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+       * @description
+       * Fired when a requested state **cannot be found** using the provided state name during transition.
+       * The event is broadcast allowing any handlers a single chance to deal with the error (usually by
+       * lazy-loading the unfound state). A special `unfoundState` object is passed to the listener handler,
+       * you can see its three properties in the example. You can use `event.preventDefault()` to abort the
+       * transition and the promise returned from `go` will be rejected with a `'transition aborted'` value.
+       *
+       * @param {Object} event Event object.
+       * @param {Object} unfoundState Unfound State information. Contains: `to, toParams, options` properties.
+       * @param {State} fromState Current state object.
+       * @param {Object} fromParams Current state params.
+       *
+       * @example
+       *
+       * <pre>
+       * // somewhere, assume lazy.state has not been defined
+       * $state.go("lazy.state", {a:1, b:2}, {inherit:false});
+       *
+       * // somewhere else
+       * $scope.$on('$stateNotFound',
+       * function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
+       *     console.log(unfoundState.to); // "lazy.state"
+       *     console.log(unfoundState.toParams); // {a:1, b:2}
+       *     console.log(unfoundState.options); // {inherit:false} + default options
+       * })
+       * </pre>
+       */
+      var evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateNotFound', redirect, state, params);
+
+      if (evt.defaultPrevented) {
+        $urlRouter.update();
+        return TransitionAborted;
+      }
+
+      if (!evt.retry) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      // Allow the handler to return a promise to defer state lookup retry
+      if (options.$retry) {
+        $urlRouter.update();
+        return TransitionFailed;
+      }
+      var retryTransition = $state.transition = $q.when(evt.retry);
+
+      retryTransition.then(function() {
+        if (retryTransition !== $state.transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+        redirect.options.$retry = true;
+        return $state.transitionTo(redirect.to, redirect.toParams, redirect.options);
+      }, function() {
+        return TransitionAborted;
+      });
+      $urlRouter.update();
+
+      return retryTransition;
+    }
+
+    root.locals = { resolve: null, globals: { $stateParams: {} } };
+
+    $state = {
+      params: {},
+      current: root.self,
+      $current: root,
+      transition: null
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#reload
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A method that force reloads the current state. All resolves are re-resolved,
+     * controllers reinstantiated, and events re-fired.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.reload = function(){
+     *     $state.reload();
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * `reload()` is just an alias for:
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { 
+     *   reload: true, inherit: false, notify: true
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string=|object=} state - A state name or a state object, which is the root of the resolves to be re-resolved.
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * //assuming app application consists of 3 states: 'contacts', 'contacts.detail', 'contacts.detail.item' 
+     * //and current state is 'contacts.detail.item'
+     * var app angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.reload = function(){
+     *     //will reload 'contact.detail' and 'contact.detail.item' states
+     *     $state.reload('contact.detail');
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * `reload()` is just an alias for:
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { 
+     *   reload: true, inherit: false, notify: true
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+
+     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition. See
+     * {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}.
+     */
+    $state.reload = function reload(state) {
+      return $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { reload: state || true, inherit: false, notify: true});
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#go
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Convenience method for transitioning to a new state. `$state.go` calls 
+     * `$state.transitionTo` internally but automatically sets options to 
+     * `{ location: true, inherit: true, relative: $state.$current, notify: true }`. 
+     * This allows you to easily use an absolute or relative to path and specify 
+     * only the parameters you'd like to update (while letting unspecified parameters 
+     * inherit from the currently active ancestor states).
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
+     *     $state.go('contact.detail');
+     *   };
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     * <img src='../ngdoc_assets/StateGoExamples.png'/>
+     *
+     * @param {string} to Absolute state name or relative state path. Some examples:
+     *
+     * - `$state.go('contact.detail')` - will go to the `contact.detail` state
+     * - `$state.go('^')` - will go to a parent state
+     * - `$state.go('^.sibling')` - will go to a sibling state
+     * - `$state.go('.child.grandchild')` - will go to grandchild state
+     *
+     * @param {object=} params A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state, 
+     * will populate $stateParams. Any parameters that are not specified will be inherited from currently 
+     * defined parameters. This allows, for example, going to a sibling state that shares parameters
+     * specified in a parent state. Parameter inheritance only works between common ancestor states, I.e.
+     * transitioning to a sibling will get you the parameters for all parents, transitioning to a child
+     * will get you all current parameters, etc.
+     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
+     *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
+     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
+     * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
+     *    defines which state to be relative from.
+     * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
+     * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params 
+     *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you'd
+     *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
+     *
+     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition.
+     *
+     * Possible success values:
+     *
+     * - $state.current
+     *
+     * <br/>Possible rejection values:
+     *
+     * - 'transition superseded' - when a newer transition has been started after this one
+     * - 'transition prevented' - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateChangeStart` listener
+     * - 'transition aborted' - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateNotFound` listener or
+     *   when a `$stateNotFound` `event.retry` promise errors.
+     * - 'transition failed' - when a state has been unsuccessfully found after 2 tries.
+     * - *resolve error* - when an error has occurred with a `resolve`
+     *
+     */
+    $state.go = function go(to, params, options) {
+      return $state.transitionTo(to, params, extend({ inherit: true, relative: $state.$current }, options));
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#transitionTo
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Low-level method for transitioning to a new state. {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}
+     * uses `transitionTo` internally. `$state.go` is recommended in most situations.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
+     *     $state.transitionTo('contact.detail');
+     *   };
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string} to State name.
+     * @param {object=} toParams A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state,
+     * will populate $stateParams.
+     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
+     *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
+     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=false}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
+     * - **`relative`** - {object=}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
+     *    defines which state to be relative from.
+     * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
+     * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false|string=|object=}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params 
+     *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you'd
+     *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
+     *    if String, then will reload the state with the name given in reload, and any children.
+     *    if Object, then a stateObj is expected, will reload the state found in stateObj, and any children.
+     *
+     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition. See
+     * {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}.
+     */
+    $state.transitionTo = function transitionTo(to, toParams, options) {
+      toParams = toParams || {};
+      options = extend({
+        location: true, inherit: false, relative: null, notify: true, reload: false, $retry: false
+      }, options || {});
+
+      var from = $state.$current, fromParams = $state.params, fromPath = from.path;
+      var evt, toState = findState(to, options.relative);
+
+      // Store the hash param for later (since it will be stripped out by various methods)
+      var hash = toParams['#'];
+
+      if (!isDefined(toState)) {
+        var redirect = { to: to, toParams: toParams, options: options };
+        var redirectResult = handleRedirect(redirect, from.self, fromParams, options);
+
+        if (redirectResult) {
+          return redirectResult;
+        }
+
+        // Always retry once if the $stateNotFound was not prevented
+        // (handles either redirect changed or state lazy-definition)
+        to = redirect.to;
+        toParams = redirect.toParams;
+        options = redirect.options;
+        toState = findState(to, options.relative);
+
+        if (!isDefined(toState)) {
+          if (!options.relative) throw new Error("No such state '" + to + "'");
+          throw new Error("Could not resolve '" + to + "' from state '" + options.relative + "'");
+        }
+      }
+      if (toState[abstractKey]) throw new Error("Cannot transition to abstract state '" + to + "'");
+      if (options.inherit) toParams = inheritParams($stateParams, toParams || {}, $state.$current, toState);
+      if (!toState.params.$$validates(toParams)) return TransitionFailed;
+
+      toParams = toState.params.$$values(toParams);
+      to = toState;
+
+      var toPath = to.path;
+
+      // Starting from the root of the path, keep all levels that haven't changed
+      var keep = 0, state = toPath[keep], locals = root.locals, toLocals = [];
+
+      if (!options.reload) {
+        while (state && state === fromPath[keep] && state.ownParams.$$equals(toParams, fromParams)) {
+          locals = toLocals[keep] = state.locals;
+          keep++;
+          state = toPath[keep];
+        }
+      } else if (isString(options.reload) || isObject(options.reload)) {
+        if (isObject(options.reload) && !options.reload.name) {
+          throw new Error('Invalid reload state object');
+        }
+        
+        var reloadState = options.reload === true ? fromPath[0] : findState(options.reload);
+        if (options.reload && !reloadState) {
+          throw new Error("No such reload state '" + (isString(options.reload) ? options.reload : options.reload.name) + "'");
+        }
+
+        while (state && state === fromPath[keep] && state !== reloadState) {
+          locals = toLocals[keep] = state.locals;
+          keep++;
+          state = toPath[keep];
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If we're going to the same state and all locals are kept, we've got nothing to do.
+      // But clear 'transition', as we still want to cancel any other pending transitions.
+      // TODO: We may not want to bump 'transition' if we're called from a location change
+      // that we've initiated ourselves, because we might accidentally abort a legitimate
+      // transition initiated from code?
+      if (shouldSkipReload(to, toParams, from, fromParams, locals, options)) {
+        if (hash) toParams['#'] = hash;
+        $state.params = toParams;
+        copy($state.params, $stateParams);
+        if (options.location && to.navigable && to.navigable.url) {
+          $urlRouter.push(to.navigable.url, toParams, {
+            $$avoidResync: true, replace: options.location === 'replace'
+          });
+          $urlRouter.update(true);
+        }
+        $state.transition = null;
+        return $q.when($state.current);
+      }
+
+      // Filter parameters before we pass them to event handlers etc.
+      toParams = filterByKeys(to.params.$$keys(), toParams || {});
+
+      // Broadcast start event and cancel the transition if requested
+      if (options.notify) {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeStart
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         * Fired when the state transition **begins**. You can use `event.preventDefault()`
+         * to prevent the transition from happening and then the transition promise will be
+         * rejected with a `'transition prevented'` value.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
+         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
+         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
+         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
+         *
+         * @example
+         *
+         * <pre>
+         * $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart',
+         * function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
+         *     event.preventDefault();
+         *     // transitionTo() promise will be rejected with
+         *     // a 'transition prevented' error
+         * })
+         * </pre>
+         */
+        if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeStart', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams).defaultPrevented) {
+          $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeCancel', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
+          $urlRouter.update();
+          return TransitionPrevented;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Resolve locals for the remaining states, but don't update any global state just
+      // yet -- if anything fails to resolve the current state needs to remain untouched.
+      // We also set up an inheritance chain for the locals here. This allows the view directive
+      // to quickly look up the correct definition for each view in the current state. Even
+      // though we create the locals object itself outside resolveState(), it is initially
+      // empty and gets filled asynchronously. We need to keep track of the promise for the
+      // (fully resolved) current locals, and pass this down the chain.
+      var resolved = $q.when(locals);
+
+      for (var l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++, state = toPath[l]) {
+        locals = toLocals[l] = inherit(locals);
+        resolved = resolveState(state, toParams, state === to, resolved, locals, options);
+      }
+
+      // Once everything is resolved, we are ready to perform the actual transition
+      // and return a promise for the new state. We also keep track of what the
+      // current promise is, so that we can detect overlapping transitions and
+      // keep only the outcome of the last transition.
+      var transition = $state.transition = resolved.then(function () {
+        var l, entering, exiting;
+
+        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+
+        // Exit 'from' states not kept
+        for (l = fromPath.length - 1; l >= keep; l--) {
+          exiting = fromPath[l];
+          if (exiting.self.onExit) {
+            $injector.invoke(exiting.self.onExit, exiting.self, exiting.locals.globals);
+          }
+          exiting.locals = null;
+        }
+
+        // Enter 'to' states not kept
+        for (l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++) {
+          entering = toPath[l];
+          entering.locals = toLocals[l];
+          if (entering.self.onEnter) {
+            $injector.invoke(entering.self.onEnter, entering.self, entering.locals.globals);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Re-add the saved hash before we start returning things
+        if (hash) toParams['#'] = hash;
+
+        // Run it again, to catch any transitions in callbacks
+        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+
+        // Update globals in $state
+        $state.$current = to;
+        $state.current = to.self;
+        $state.params = toParams;
+        copy($state.params, $stateParams);
+        $state.transition = null;
+
+        if (options.location && to.navigable) {
+          $urlRouter.push(to.navigable.url, to.navigable.locals.globals.$stateParams, {
+            $$avoidResync: true, replace: options.location === 'replace'
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (options.notify) {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeSuccess
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         * Fired once the state transition is **complete**.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
+         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
+         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
+         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
+         */
+          $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeSuccess', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
+        }
+        $urlRouter.update(true);
+
+        return $state.current;
+      }, function (error) {
+        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+
+        $state.transition = null;
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeError
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         * Fired when an **error occurs** during transition. It's important to note that if you
+         * have any errors in your resolve functions (javascript errors, non-existent services, etc)
+         * they will not throw traditionally. You must listen for this $stateChangeError event to
+         * catch **ALL** errors.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
+         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
+         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
+         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
+         * @param {Error} error The resolve error object.
+         */
+        evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeError', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams, error);
+
+        if (!evt.defaultPrevented) {
+            $urlRouter.update();
+        }
+
+        return $q.reject(error);
+      });
+
+      return transition;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#is
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Similar to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes},
+     * but only checks for the full state name. If params is supplied then it will be
+     * tested for strict equality against the current active params object, so all params
+     * must match with none missing and no extras.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item';
+     *
+     * // absolute name
+     * $state.is('contact.details.item'); // returns true
+     * $state.is(contactDetailItemStateObject); // returns true
+     *
+     * // relative name (. and ^), typically from a template
+     * // E.g. from the 'contacts.details' template
+     * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.is('.item')}">Item</div>
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string|object} stateOrName The state name (absolute or relative) or state object you'd like to check.
+     * @param {object=} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`, that you'd like
+     * to test against the current active state.
+     * @param {object=} options An options object.  The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`relative`** - {string|object} -  If `stateOrName` is a relative state name and `options.relative` is set, .is will
+     * test relative to `options.relative` state (or name).
+     *
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it is the state.
+     */
+    $state.is = function is(stateOrName, params, options) {
+      options = extend({ relative: $state.$current }, options || {});
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
+
+      if (!isDefined(state)) { return undefined; }
+      if ($state.$current !== state) { return false; }
+      return params ? equalForKeys(state.params.$$values(params), $stateParams) : true;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#includes
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A method to determine if the current active state is equal to or is the child of the
+     * state stateName. If any params are passed then they will be tested for a match as well.
+     * Not all the parameters need to be passed, just the ones you'd like to test for equality.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * Partial and relative names
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item';
+     *
+     * // Using partial names
+     * $state.includes("contacts"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("contacts.details"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("contacts.details.item"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("contacts.list"); // returns false
+     * $state.includes("about"); // returns false
+     *
+     * // Using relative names (. and ^), typically from a template
+     * // E.g. from the 'contacts.details' template
+     * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.includes('.item')}">Item</div>
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Basic globbing patterns
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item.url';
+     *
+     * $state.includes("*.details.*.*"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.**"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("**.item.**"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.item.url"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.*.url"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.*"); // returns false
+     * $state.includes("item.**"); // returns false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string} stateOrName A partial name, relative name, or glob pattern
+     * to be searched for within the current state name.
+     * @param {object=} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`,
+     * that you'd like to test against the current active state.
+     * @param {object=} options An options object.  The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`relative`** - {string|object=} -  If `stateOrName` is a relative state reference and `options.relative` is set,
+     * .includes will test relative to `options.relative` state (or name).
+     *
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it does include the state
+     */
+    $state.includes = function includes(stateOrName, params, options) {
+      options = extend({ relative: $state.$current }, options || {});
+      if (isString(stateOrName) && isGlob(stateOrName)) {
+        if (!doesStateMatchGlob(stateOrName)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        stateOrName = $state.$current.name;
+      }
+
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
+      if (!isDefined(state)) { return undefined; }
+      if (!isDefined($state.$current.includes[state.name])) { return false; }
+      return params ? equalForKeys(state.params.$$values(params), $stateParams, objectKeys(params)) : true;
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#href
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A url generation method that returns the compiled url for the given state populated with the given params.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * expect($state.href("about.person", { person: "bob" })).toEqual("/about/bob");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string|object} stateOrName The state name or state object you'd like to generate a url from.
+     * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the state's required parameters.
+     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`lossy`** - {boolean=true} -  If true, and if there is no url associated with the state provided in the
+     *    first parameter, then the constructed href url will be built from the first navigable ancestor (aka
+     *    ancestor with a valid url).
+     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
+     * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
+     *    defines which state to be relative from.
+     * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
+     * 
+     * @returns {string} compiled state url
+     */
+    $state.href = function href(stateOrName, params, options) {
+      options = extend({
+        lossy:    true,
+        inherit:  true,
+        absolute: false,
+        relative: $state.$current
+      }, options || {});
+
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
+
+      if (!isDefined(state)) return null;
+      if (options.inherit) params = inheritParams($stateParams, params || {}, $state.$current, state);
+      
+      var nav = (state && options.lossy) ? state.navigable : state;
+
+      if (!nav || nav.url === undefined || nav.url === null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return $urlRouter.href(nav.url, filterByKeys(state.params.$$keys().concat('#'), params || {}), {
+        absolute: options.absolute
+      });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#get
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns the state configuration object for any specific state or all states.
+     *
+     * @param {string|object=} stateOrName (absolute or relative) If provided, will only get the config for
+     * the requested state. If not provided, returns an array of ALL state configs.
+     * @param {string|object=} context When stateOrName is a relative state reference, the state will be retrieved relative to context.
+     * @returns {Object|Array} State configuration object or array of all objects.
+     */
+    $state.get = function (stateOrName, context) {
+      if (arguments.length === 0) return map(objectKeys(states), function(name) { return states[name].self; });
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, context || $state.$current);
+      return (state && state.self) ? state.self : null;
+    };
+
+    function resolveState(state, params, paramsAreFiltered, inherited, dst, options) {
+      // Make a restricted $stateParams with only the parameters that apply to this state if
+      // necessary. In addition to being available to the controller and onEnter/onExit callbacks,
+      // we also need $stateParams to be available for any $injector calls we make during the
+      // dependency resolution process.
+      var $stateParams = (paramsAreFiltered) ? params : filterByKeys(state.params.$$keys(), params);
+      var locals = { $stateParams: $stateParams };
+
+      // Resolve 'global' dependencies for the state, i.e. those not specific to a view.
+      // We're also including $stateParams in this; that way the parameters are restricted
+      // to the set that should be visible to the state, and are independent of when we update
+      // the global $state and $stateParams values.
+      dst.resolve = $resolve.resolve(state.resolve, locals, dst.resolve, state);
+      var promises = [dst.resolve.then(function (globals) {
+        dst.globals = globals;
+      })];
+      if (inherited) promises.push(inherited);
+
+      function resolveViews() {
+        var viewsPromises = [];
+
+        // Resolve template and dependencies for all views.
+        forEach(state.views, function (view, name) {
+          var injectables = (view.resolve && view.resolve !== state.resolve ? view.resolve : {});
+          injectables.$template = [ function () {
+            return $view.load(name, { view: view, locals: dst.globals, params: $stateParams, notify: options.notify }) || '';
+          }];
+
+          viewsPromises.push($resolve.resolve(injectables, dst.globals, dst.resolve, state).then(function (result) {
+            // References to the controller (only instantiated at link time)
+            if (isFunction(view.controllerProvider) || isArray(view.controllerProvider)) {
+              var injectLocals = angular.extend({}, injectables, dst.globals);
+              result.$$controller = $injector.invoke(view.controllerProvider, null, injectLocals);
+            } else {
+              result.$$controller = view.controller;
+            }
+            // Provide access to the state itself for internal use
+            result.$$state = state;
+            result.$$controllerAs = view.controllerAs;
+            dst[name] = result;
+          }));
+        });
+
+        return $q.all(viewsPromises).then(function(){
+          return dst.globals;
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Wait for all the promises and then return the activation object
+      return $q.all(promises).then(resolveViews).then(function (values) {
+        return dst;
+      });
+    }
+
+    return $state;
+  }
+
+  function shouldSkipReload(to, toParams, from, fromParams, locals, options) {
+    // Return true if there are no differences in non-search (path/object) params, false if there are differences
+    function nonSearchParamsEqual(fromAndToState, fromParams, toParams) {
+      // Identify whether all the parameters that differ between `fromParams` and `toParams` were search params.
+      function notSearchParam(key) {
+        return fromAndToState.params[key].location != "search";
+      }
+      var nonQueryParamKeys = fromAndToState.params.$$keys().filter(notSearchParam);
+      var nonQueryParams = pick.apply({}, [fromAndToState.params].concat(nonQueryParamKeys));
+      var nonQueryParamSet = new $$UMFP.ParamSet(nonQueryParams);
+      return nonQueryParamSet.$$equals(fromParams, toParams);
+    }
+
+    // If reload was not explicitly requested
+    // and we're transitioning to the same state we're already in
+    // and    the locals didn't change
+    //     or they changed in a way that doesn't merit reloading
+    //        (reloadOnParams:false, or reloadOnSearch.false and only search params changed)
+    // Then return true.
+    if (!options.reload && to === from &&
+      (locals === from.locals || (to.self.reloadOnSearch === false && nonSearchParamsEqual(from, fromParams, toParams)))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state')
+  .value('$stateParams', {})
+  .provider('$state', $StateProvider);
+
+
+$ViewProvider.$inject = [];
+function $ViewProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = $get;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.state.$view
+   *
+   * @requires ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   */
+  $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$templateFactory'];
+  function $get(   $rootScope,   $templateFactory) {
+    return {
+      // $view.load('full.viewName', { template: ..., controller: ..., resolve: ..., async: false, params: ... })
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ui.router.state.$view#load
+       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$view
+       *
+       * @description
+       *
+       * @param {string} name name
+       * @param {object} options option object.
+       */
+      load: function load(name, options) {
+        var result, defaults = {
+          template: null, controller: null, view: null, locals: null, notify: true, async: true, params: {}
+        };
+        options = extend(defaults, options);
+
+        if (options.view) {
+          result = $templateFactory.fromConfig(options.view, options.params, options.locals);
+        }
+        if (result && options.notify) {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$viewContentLoading
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$view
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         *
+         * Fired once the view **begins loading**, *before* the DOM is rendered.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {Object} viewConfig The view config properties (template, controller, etc).
+         *
+         * @example
+         *
+         * <pre>
+         * $scope.$on('$viewContentLoading',
+         * function(event, viewConfig){
+         *     // Access to all the view config properties.
+         *     // and one special property 'targetView'
+         *     // viewConfig.targetView
+         * });
+         * </pre>
+         */
+          $rootScope.$broadcast('$viewContentLoading', options);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$view', $ViewProvider);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Provider that returns the {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll} service function.
+ */
+function $ViewScrollProvider() {
+
+  var useAnchorScroll = false;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#useAnchorScroll
+   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Reverts back to using the core [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll) service for
+   * scrolling based on the url anchor.
+   */
+  this.useAnchorScroll = function () {
+    useAnchorScroll = true;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
+   *
+   * @requires $anchorScroll
+   * @requires $timeout
+   *
+   * @description
+   * When called with a jqLite element, it scrolls the element into view (after a
+   * `$timeout` so the DOM has time to refresh).
+   *
+   * If you prefer to rely on `$anchorScroll` to scroll the view to the anchor,
+   * this can be enabled by calling {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#methods_useAnchorScroll `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`}.
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$anchorScroll', '$timeout', function ($anchorScroll, $timeout) {
+    if (useAnchorScroll) {
+      return $anchorScroll;
+    }
+
+    return function ($element) {
+      return $timeout(function () {
+        $element[0].scrollIntoView();
+      }, 0, false);
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$uiViewScroll', $ViewScrollProvider);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires $compile
+ * @requires $controller
+ * @requires $injector
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @restrict ECA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ui-view directive tells $state where to place your templates.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name A view name. The name should be unique amongst the other views in the
+ * same state. You can have views of the same name that live in different states.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} autoscroll It allows you to set the scroll behavior of the browser window
+ * when a view is populated. By default, $anchorScroll is overridden by ui-router's custom scroll
+ * service, {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll}. This custom service let's you
+ * scroll ui-view elements into view when they are populated during a state activation.
+ *
+ * *Note: To revert back to old [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll)
+ * functionality, call `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`.*
+ *
+ * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates.
+ * 
+ * @example
+ * A view can be unnamed or named. 
+ * <pre>
+ * <!-- Unnamed -->
+ * <div ui-view></div> 
+ * 
+ * <!-- Named -->
+ * <div ui-view="viewName"></div>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * You can only have one unnamed view within any template (or root html). If you are only using a 
+ * single view and it is unnamed then you can populate it like so:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ui-view></div> 
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * The above is a convenient shortcut equivalent to specifying your view explicitly with the {@link ui.router.state.$stateProvider#views `views`}
+ * config property, by name, in this case an empty name:
+ * <pre>
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   views: {
+ *     "": {
+ *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ *     }
+ *   }    
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * But typically you'll only use the views property if you name your view or have more than one view 
+ * in the same template. There's not really a compelling reason to name a view if its the only one, 
+ * but you could if you wanted, like so:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ui-view="main"></div>
+ * </pre> 
+ * <pre>
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   views: {
+ *     "main": {
+ *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ *     }
+ *   }    
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * Really though, you'll use views to set up multiple views:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ui-view></div>
+ * <div ui-view="chart"></div> 
+ * <div ui-view="data"></div> 
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   views: {
+ *     "": {
+ *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ *     },
+ *     "chart": {
+ *       template: "<chart_thing/>"
+ *     },
+ *     "data": {
+ *       template: "<data_thing/>"
+ *     }
+ *   }    
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Examples for `autoscroll`:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * <!-- If autoscroll present with no expression,
+ *      then scroll ui-view into view -->
+ * <ui-view autoscroll/>
+ *
+ * <!-- If autoscroll present with valid expression,
+ *      then scroll ui-view into view if expression evaluates to true -->
+ * <ui-view autoscroll='true'/>
+ * <ui-view autoscroll='false'/>
+ * <ui-view autoscroll='scopeVariable'/>
+ * </pre>
+ */
+$ViewDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$injector', '$uiViewScroll', '$interpolate'];
+function $ViewDirective(   $state,   $injector,   $uiViewScroll,   $interpolate) {
+
+  function getService() {
+    return ($injector.has) ? function(service) {
+      return $injector.has(service) ? $injector.get(service) : null;
+    } : function(service) {
+      try {
+        return $injector.get(service);
+      } catch (e) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  var service = getService(),
+      $animator = service('$animator'),
+      $animate = service('$animate');
+
+  // Returns a set of DOM manipulation functions based on which Angular version
+  // it should use
+  function getRenderer(attrs, scope) {
+    var statics = function() {
+      return {
+        enter: function (element, target, cb) { target.after(element); cb(); },
+        leave: function (element, cb) { element.remove(); cb(); }
+      };
+    };
+
+    if ($animate) {
+      return {
+        enter: function(element, target, cb) {
+          var promise = $animate.enter(element, null, target, cb);
+          if (promise && promise.then) promise.then(cb);
+        },
+        leave: function(element, cb) {
+          var promise = $animate.leave(element, cb);
+          if (promise && promise.then) promise.then(cb);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    if ($animator) {
+      var animate = $animator && $animator(scope, attrs);
+
+      return {
+        enter: function(element, target, cb) {animate.enter(element, null, target); cb(); },
+        leave: function(element, cb) { animate.leave(element); cb(); }
+      };
+    }
+
+    return statics();
+  }
+
+  var directive = {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    terminal: true,
+    priority: 400,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    compile: function (tElement, tAttrs, $transclude) {
+      return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
+        var previousEl, currentEl, currentScope, latestLocals,
+            onloadExp     = attrs.onload || '',
+            autoScrollExp = attrs.autoscroll,
+            renderer      = getRenderer(attrs, scope);
+
+        scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() {
+          updateView(false);
+        });
+        scope.$on('$viewContentLoading', function() {
+          updateView(false);
+        });
+
+        updateView(true);
+
+        function cleanupLastView() {
+          if (previousEl) {
+            previousEl.remove();
+            previousEl = null;
+          }
+
+          if (currentScope) {
+            currentScope.$destroy();
+            currentScope = null;
+          }
+
+          if (currentEl) {
+            renderer.leave(currentEl, function() {
+              previousEl = null;
+            });
+
+            previousEl = currentEl;
+            currentEl = null;
+          }
+        }
+
+        function updateView(firstTime) {
+          var newScope,
+              name            = getUiViewName(scope, attrs, $element, $interpolate),
+              previousLocals  = name && $state.$current && $state.$current.locals[name];
+
+          if (!firstTime && previousLocals === latestLocals) return; // nothing to do
+          newScope = scope.$new();
+          latestLocals = $state.$current.locals[name];
+
+          var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
+            renderer.enter(clone, $element, function onUiViewEnter() {
+              if(currentScope) {
+                currentScope.$emit('$viewContentAnimationEnded');
+              }
+
+              if (angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp) && !autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp)) {
+                $uiViewScroll(clone);
+              }
+            });
+            cleanupLastView();
+          });
+
+          currentEl = clone;
+          currentScope = newScope;
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc event
+           * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view#$viewContentLoaded
+           * @eventOf ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
+           * @eventType emits on ui-view directive scope
+           * @description           *
+           * Fired once the view is **loaded**, *after* the DOM is rendered.
+           *
+           * @param {Object} event Event object.
+           */
+          currentScope.$emit('$viewContentLoaded');
+          currentScope.$eval(onloadExp);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+
+  return directive;
+}
+
+$ViewDirectiveFill.$inject = ['$compile', '$controller', '$state', '$interpolate'];
+function $ViewDirectiveFill (  $compile,   $controller,   $state,   $interpolate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    priority: -400,
+    compile: function (tElement) {
+      var initial = tElement.html();
+      return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
+        var current = $state.$current,
+            name = getUiViewName(scope, attrs, $element, $interpolate),
+            locals  = current && current.locals[name];
+
+        if (! locals) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        $element.data('$uiView', { name: name, state: locals.$$state });
+        $element.html(locals.$template ? locals.$template : initial);
+
+        var link = $compile($element.contents());
+
+        if (locals.$$controller) {
+          locals.$scope = scope;
+          locals.$element = $element;
+          var controller = $controller(locals.$$controller, locals);
+          if (locals.$$controllerAs) {
+            scope[locals.$$controllerAs] = controller;
+          }
+          $element.data('$ngControllerController', controller);
+          $element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
+        }
+
+        link(scope);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shared ui-view code for both directives:
+ * Given scope, element, and its attributes, return the view's name
+ */
+function getUiViewName(scope, attrs, element, $interpolate) {
+  var name = $interpolate(attrs.uiView || attrs.name || '')(scope);
+  var inherited = element.inheritedData('$uiView');
+  return name.indexOf('@') >= 0 ?  name :  (name + '@' + (inherited ? inherited.state.name : ''));
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirective);
+angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirectiveFill);
+
+function parseStateRef(ref, current) {
+  var preparsed = ref.match(/^\s*({[^}]*})\s*$/), parsed;
+  if (preparsed) ref = current + '(' + preparsed[1] + ')';
+  parsed = ref.replace(/\n/g, " ").match(/^([^(]+?)\s*(\((.*)\))?$/);
+  if (!parsed || parsed.length !== 4) throw new Error("Invalid state ref '" + ref + "'");
+  return { state: parsed[1], paramExpr: parsed[3] || null };
+}
+
+function stateContext(el) {
+  var stateData = el.parent().inheritedData('$uiView');
+
+  if (stateData && stateData.state && stateData.state.name) {
+    return stateData.state;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires $timeout
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A directive that binds a link (`<a>` tag) to a state. If the state has an associated 
+ * URL, the directive will automatically generate & update the `href` attribute via 
+ * the {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_href $state.href()} method. Clicking 
+ * the link will trigger a state transition with optional parameters. 
+ *
+ * Also middle-clicking, right-clicking, and ctrl-clicking on the link will be 
+ * handled natively by the browser.
+ *
+ * You can also use relative state paths within ui-sref, just like the relative 
+ * paths passed to `$state.go()`. You just need to be aware that the path is relative
+ * to the state that the link lives in, in other words the state that loaded the 
+ * template containing the link.
+ *
+ * You can specify options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
+ * using the `ui-sref-opts` attribute. Options are restricted to `location`, `inherit`,
+ * and `reload`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here's an example of how you'd use ui-sref and how it would compile. If you have the 
+ * following template:
+ * <pre>
+ * <a ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
+ * 
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">{{ contact.name }}</a>
+ *     </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * Then the compiled html would be (assuming Html5Mode is off and current state is contacts):
+ * <pre>
+ * <a href="#/home" ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a href="#/about" ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a href="#/contacts?page=2" ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
+ * 
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a href="#/contacts/1" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Joe</a>
+ *     </li>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a href="#/contacts/2" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Alice</a>
+ *     </li>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a href="#/contacts/3" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Bob</a>
+ *     </li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <a ui-sref="home" ui-sref-opts="{reload: true}">Home</a>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} ui-sref 'stateName' can be any valid absolute or relative state
+ * @param {Object} ui-sref-opts options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
+ */
+$StateRefDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$timeout'];
+function $StateRefDirective($state, $timeout) {
+  var allowedOptions = ['location', 'inherit', 'reload', 'absolute'];
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: ['?^uiSrefActive', '?^uiSrefActiveEq'],
+    link: function(scope, element, attrs, uiSrefActive) {
+      var ref = parseStateRef(attrs.uiSref, $state.current.name);
+      var params = null, url = null, base = stateContext(element) || $state.$current;
+      // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
+      var hrefKind = Object.prototype.toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
+                 'xlink:href' : 'href';
+      var newHref = null, isAnchor = element.prop("tagName").toUpperCase() === "A";
+      var isForm = element[0].nodeName === "FORM";
+      var attr = isForm ? "action" : hrefKind, nav = true;
+
+      var options = { relative: base, inherit: true };
+      var optionsOverride = scope.$eval(attrs.uiSrefOpts) || {};
+
+      angular.forEach(allowedOptions, function(option) {
+        if (option in optionsOverride) {
+          options[option] = optionsOverride[option];
+        }
+      });
+
+      var update = function(newVal) {
+        if (newVal) params = angular.copy(newVal);
+        if (!nav) return;
+
+        newHref = $state.href(ref.state, params, options);
+
+        var activeDirective = uiSrefActive[1] || uiSrefActive[0];
+        if (activeDirective) {
+          activeDirective.$$addStateInfo(ref.state, params);
+        }
+        if (newHref === null) {
+          nav = false;
+          return false;
+        }
+        attrs.$set(attr, newHref);
+      };
+
+      if (ref.paramExpr) {
+        scope.$watch(ref.paramExpr, function(newVal, oldVal) {
+          if (newVal !== params) update(newVal);
+        }, true);
+        params = angular.copy(scope.$eval(ref.paramExpr));
+      }
+      update();
+
+      if (isForm) return;
+
+      element.bind("click", function(e) {
+        var button = e.which || e.button;
+        if ( !(button > 1 || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey || e.shiftKey || element.attr('target')) ) {
+          // HACK: This is to allow ng-clicks to be processed before the transition is initiated:
+          var transition = $timeout(function() {
+            $state.go(ref.state, params, options);
+          });
+          e.preventDefault();
+
+          // if the state has no URL, ignore one preventDefault from the <a> directive.
+          var ignorePreventDefaultCount = isAnchor && !newHref ? 1: 0;
+          e.preventDefault = function() {
+            if (ignorePreventDefaultCount-- <= 0)
+              $timeout.cancel(transition);
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
+ * @requires $interpolate
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A directive working alongside ui-sref to add classes to an element when the
+ * related ui-sref directive's state is active, and removing them when it is inactive.
+ * The primary use-case is to simplify the special appearance of navigation menus
+ * relying on `ui-sref`, by having the "active" state's menu button appear different,
+ * distinguishing it from the inactive menu items.
+ *
+ * ui-sref-active can live on the same element as ui-sref or on a parent element. The first
+ * ui-sref-active found at the same level or above the ui-sref will be used.
+ *
+ * Will activate when the ui-sref's target state or any child state is active. If you
+ * need to activate only when the ui-sref target state is active and *not* any of
+ * it's children, then you will use
+ * {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq ui-sref-active-eq}
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Given the following template:
+ * <pre>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item">
+ *     <a href ui-sref="app.user({user: 'bilbobaggins'})">@bilbobaggins</a>
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ * When the app state is "app.user" (or any children states), and contains the state parameter "user" with value "bilbobaggins",
+ * the resulting HTML will appear as (note the 'active' class):
+ * <pre>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item active">
+ *     <a ui-sref="app.user({user: 'bilbobaggins'})" href="/users/bilbobaggins">@bilbobaggins</a>
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The class name is interpolated **once** during the directives link time (any further changes to the
+ * interpolated value are ignored).
+ *
+ * Multiple classes may be specified in a space-separated format:
+ * <pre>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li ui-sref-active='class1 class2 class3'>
+ *     <a ui-sref="app.user">link</a>
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
+ * @requires $interpolate
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The same as {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active ui-sref-active} but will only activate
+ * when the exact target state used in the `ui-sref` is active; no child states.
+ *
+ */
+$StateRefActiveDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$stateParams', '$interpolate'];
+function $StateRefActiveDirective($state, $stateParams, $interpolate) {
+  return  {
+    restrict: "A",
+    controller: ['$scope', '$element', '$attrs', function ($scope, $element, $attrs) {
+      var states = [], activeClass;
+
+      // There probably isn't much point in $observing this
+      // uiSrefActive and uiSrefActiveEq share the same directive object with some
+      // slight difference in logic routing
+      activeClass = $interpolate($attrs.uiSrefActiveEq || $attrs.uiSrefActive || '', false)($scope);
+
+      // Allow uiSref to communicate with uiSrefActive[Equals]
+      this.$$addStateInfo = function (newState, newParams) {
+        var state = $state.get(newState, stateContext($element));
+
+        states.push({
+          state: state || { name: newState },
+          params: newParams
+        });
+
+        update();
+      };
+
+      $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', update);
+
+      // Update route state
+      function update() {
+        if (anyMatch()) {
+          $element.addClass(activeClass);
+        } else {
+          $element.removeClass(activeClass);
+        }
+      }
+
+      function anyMatch() {
+        for (var i = 0; i < states.length; i++) {
+          if (isMatch(states[i].state, states[i].params)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      function isMatch(state, params) {
+        if (typeof $attrs.uiSrefActiveEq !== 'undefined') {
+          return $state.is(state.name, params);
+        } else {
+          return $state.includes(state.name, params);
+        }
+      }
+    }]
+  };
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state')
+  .directive('uiSref', $StateRefDirective)
+  .directive('uiSrefActive', $StateRefActiveDirective)
+  .directive('uiSrefActiveEq', $StateRefActiveDirective);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ui.router.state.filter:isState
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_is $state.is("stateName")}.
+ */
+$IsStateFilter.$inject = ['$state'];
+function $IsStateFilter($state) {
+  var isFilter = function (state) {
+    return $state.is(state);
+  };
+  isFilter.$stateful = true;
+  return isFilter;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ui.router.state.filter:includedByState
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes('fullOrPartialStateName')}.
+ */
+$IncludedByStateFilter.$inject = ['$state'];
+function $IncludedByStateFilter($state) {
+  var includesFilter = function (state) {
+    return $state.includes(state);
+  };
+  includesFilter.$stateful = true;
+  return  includesFilter;
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state')
+  .filter('isState', $IsStateFilter)
+  .filter('includedByState', $IncludedByStateFilter);
+})(window, window.angular);
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.4.7
+ * (c) 2010-2015 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, angular, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+var $resourceMinErr = angular.$$minErr('$resource');
+
+// Helper functions and regex to lookup a dotted path on an object
+// stopping at undefined/null.  The path must be composed of ASCII
+// identifiers (just like $parse)
+var MEMBER_NAME_REGEX = /^(\.[a-zA-Z_$@][0-9a-zA-Z_$@]*)+$/;
+
+function isValidDottedPath(path) {
+  return (path != null && path !== '' && path !== 'hasOwnProperty' &&
+      MEMBER_NAME_REGEX.test('.' + path));
+}
+
+function lookupDottedPath(obj, path) {
+  if (!isValidDottedPath(path)) {
+    throw $resourceMinErr('badmember', 'Dotted member path "@{0}" is invalid.', path);
+  }
+  var keys = path.split('.');
+  for (var i = 0, ii = keys.length; i < ii && angular.isDefined(obj); i++) {
+    var key = keys[i];
+    obj = (obj !== null) ? obj[key] : undefined;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a shallow copy of an object and clear other fields from the destination
+ */
+function shallowClearAndCopy(src, dst) {
+  dst = dst || {};
+
+  angular.forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
+    delete dst[key];
+  });
+
+  for (var key in src) {
+    if (src.hasOwnProperty(key) && !(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
+      dst[key] = src[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ngResource
+ * @description
+ *
+ * # ngResource
+ *
+ * The `ngResource` module provides interaction support with RESTful services
+ * via the $resource service.
+ *
+ *
+ * <div doc-module-components="ngResource"></div>
+ *
+ * See {@link ngResource.$resource `$resource`} for usage.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $resource
+ * @requires $http
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A factory which creates a resource object that lets you interact with
+ * [RESTful](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer) server-side data sources.
+ *
+ * The returned resource object has action methods which provide high-level behaviors without
+ * the need to interact with the low level {@link ng.$http $http} service.
+ *
+ * Requires the {@link ngResource `ngResource`} module to be installed.
+ *
+ * By default, trailing slashes will be stripped from the calculated URLs,
+ * which can pose problems with server backends that do not expect that
+ * behavior.  This can be disabled by configuring the `$resourceProvider` like
+ * this:
+ *
+ * ```js
+     app.config(['$resourceProvider', function($resourceProvider) {
+       // Don't strip trailing slashes from calculated URLs
+       $resourceProvider.defaults.stripTrailingSlashes = false;
+     }]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string} url A parameterized URL template with parameters prefixed by `:` as in
+ *   `/user/:username`. If you are using a URL with a port number (e.g.
+ *   `http://example.com:8080/api`), it will be respected.
+ *
+ *   If you are using a url with a suffix, just add the suffix, like this:
+ *   `$resource('http://example.com/resource.json')` or `$resource('http://example.com/:id.json')`
+ *   or even `$resource('http://example.com/resource/:resource_id.:format')`
+ *   If the parameter before the suffix is empty, :resource_id in this case, then the `/.` will be
+ *   collapsed down to a single `.`.  If you need this sequence to appear and not collapse then you
+ *   can escape it with `/\.`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object=} paramDefaults Default values for `url` parameters. These can be overridden in
+ *   `actions` methods. If any of the parameter value is a function, it will be executed every time
+ *   when a param value needs to be obtained for a request (unless the param was overridden).
+ *
+ *   Each key value in the parameter object is first bound to url template if present and then any
+ *   excess keys are appended to the url search query after the `?`.
+ *
+ *   Given a template `/path/:verb` and parameter `{verb:'greet', salutation:'Hello'}` results in
+ *   URL `/path/greet?salutation=Hello`.
+ *
+ *   If the parameter value is prefixed with `@` then the value for that parameter will be extracted
+ *   from the corresponding property on the `data` object (provided when calling an action method).  For
+ *   example, if the `defaultParam` object is `{someParam: '@someProp'}` then the value of `someParam`
+ *   will be `data.someProp`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object.<Object>=} actions Hash with declaration of custom actions that should extend
+ *   the default set of resource actions. The declaration should be created in the format of {@link
+ *   ng.$http#usage $http.config}:
+ *
+ *       {action1: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, headers:?, ...},
+ *        action2: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, headers:?, ...},
+ *        ...}
+ *
+ *   Where:
+ *
+ *   - **`action`** – {string} – The name of action. This name becomes the name of the method on
+ *     your resource object.
+ *   - **`method`** – {string} – Case insensitive HTTP method (e.g. `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`,
+ *     `DELETE`, `JSONP`, etc).
+ *   - **`params`** – {Object=} – Optional set of pre-bound parameters for this action. If any of
+ *     the parameter value is a function, it will be executed every time when a param value needs to
+ *     be obtained for a request (unless the param was overridden).
+ *   - **`url`** – {string} – action specific `url` override. The url templating is supported just
+ *     like for the resource-level urls.
+ *   - **`isArray`** – {boolean=} – If true then the returned object for this action is an array,
+ *     see `returns` section.
+ *   - **`transformRequest`** –
+ *     `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+ *     transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+ *     request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
+ *     By default, transformRequest will contain one function that checks if the request data is
+ *     an object and serializes to using `angular.toJson`. To prevent this behavior, set
+ *     `transformRequest` to an empty array: `transformRequest: []`
+ *   - **`transformResponse`** –
+ *     `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+ *     transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+ *     response body and headers and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
+ *     By default, transformResponse will contain one function that checks if the response looks like
+ *     a JSON string and deserializes it using `angular.fromJson`. To prevent this behavior, set
+ *     `transformResponse` to an empty array: `transformResponse: []`
+ *   - **`cache`** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
+ *     GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
+ *     {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
+ *     caching.
+ *   - **`timeout`** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise} that
+ *     should abort the request when resolved.
+ *   - **`withCredentials`** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
+ *     XHR object. See
+ *     [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/http_access_control#section_5)
+ *     for more information.
+ *   - **`responseType`** - `{string}` - see
+ *     [requestType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#responseType).
+ *   - **`interceptor`** - `{Object=}` - The interceptor object has two optional methods -
+ *     `response` and `responseError`. Both `response` and `responseError` interceptors get called
+ *     with `http response` object. See {@link ng.$http $http interceptors}.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options Hash with custom settings that should extend the
+ *   default `$resourceProvider` behavior.  The only supported option is
+ *
+ *   Where:
+ *
+ *   - **`stripTrailingSlashes`** – {boolean} – If true then the trailing
+ *   slashes from any calculated URL will be stripped. (Defaults to true.)
+ *
+ * @returns {Object} A resource "class" object with methods for the default set of resource actions
+ *   optionally extended with custom `actions`. The default set contains these actions:
+ *   ```js
+ *   { 'get':    {method:'GET'},
+ *     'save':   {method:'POST'},
+ *     'query':  {method:'GET', isArray:true},
+ *     'remove': {method:'DELETE'},
+ *     'delete': {method:'DELETE'} };
+ *   ```
+ *
+ *   Calling these methods invoke an {@link ng.$http} with the specified http method,
+ *   destination and parameters. When the data is returned from the server then the object is an
+ *   instance of the resource class. The actions `save`, `remove` and `delete` are available on it
+ *   as  methods with the `$` prefix. This allows you to easily perform CRUD operations (create,
+ *   read, update, delete) on server-side data like this:
+ *   ```js
+ *   var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
+ *   var user = User.get({userId:123}, function() {
+ *     user.abc = true;
+ *     user.$save();
+ *   });
+ *   ```
+ *
+ *   It is important to realize that invoking a $resource object method immediately returns an
+ *   empty reference (object or array depending on `isArray`). Once the data is returned from the
+ *   server the existing reference is populated with the actual data. This is a useful trick since
+ *   usually the resource is assigned to a model which is then rendered by the view. Having an empty
+ *   object results in no rendering, once the data arrives from the server then the object is
+ *   populated with the data and the view automatically re-renders itself showing the new data. This
+ *   means that in most cases one never has to write a callback function for the action methods.
+ *
+ *   The action methods on the class object or instance object can be invoked with the following
+ *   parameters:
+ *
+ *   - HTTP GET "class" actions: `Resource.action([parameters], [success], [error])`
+ *   - non-GET "class" actions: `Resource.action([parameters], postData, [success], [error])`
+ *   - non-GET instance actions:  `instance.$action([parameters], [success], [error])`
+ *
+ *
+ *   Success callback is called with (value, responseHeaders) arguments, where the value is
+ *   the populated resource instance or collection object. The error callback is called
+ *   with (httpResponse) argument.
+ *
+ *   Class actions return empty instance (with additional properties below).
+ *   Instance actions return promise of the action.
+ *
+ *   The Resource instances and collection have these additional properties:
+ *
+ *   - `$promise`: the {@link ng.$q promise} of the original server interaction that created this
+ *     instance or collection.
+ *
+ *     On success, the promise is resolved with the same resource instance or collection object,
+ *     updated with data from server. This makes it easy to use in
+ *     {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider resolve section of $routeProvider.when()} to defer view
+ *     rendering until the resource(s) are loaded.
+ *
+ *     On failure, the promise is resolved with the {@link ng.$http http response} object, without
+ *     the `resource` property.
+ *
+ *     If an interceptor object was provided, the promise will instead be resolved with the value
+ *     returned by the interceptor.
+ *
+ *   - `$resolved`: `true` after first server interaction is completed (either with success or
+ *      rejection), `false` before that. Knowing if the Resource has been resolved is useful in
+ *      data-binding.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * # Credit card resource
+ *
+ * ```js
+     // Define CreditCard class
+     var CreditCard = $resource('/user/:userId/card/:cardId',
+      {userId:123, cardId:'@id'}, {
+       charge: {method:'POST', params:{charge:true}}
+      });
+
+     // We can retrieve a collection from the server
+     var cards = CreditCard.query(function() {
+       // GET: /user/123/card
+       // server returns: [ {id:456, number:'1234', name:'Smith'} ];
+
+       var card = cards[0];
+       // each item is an instance of CreditCard
+       expect(card instanceof CreditCard).toEqual(true);
+       card.name = "J. Smith";
+       // non GET methods are mapped onto the instances
+       card.$save();
+       // POST: /user/123/card/456 {id:456, number:'1234', name:'J. Smith'}
+       // server returns: {id:456, number:'1234', name: 'J. Smith'};
+
+       // our custom method is mapped as well.
+       card.$charge({amount:9.99});
+       // POST: /user/123/card/456?amount=9.99&charge=true {id:456, number:'1234', name:'J. Smith'}
+     });
+
+     // we can create an instance as well
+     var newCard = new CreditCard({number:'0123'});
+     newCard.name = "Mike Smith";
+     newCard.$save();
+     // POST: /user/123/card {number:'0123', name:'Mike Smith'}
+     // server returns: {id:789, number:'0123', name: 'Mike Smith'};
+     expect(newCard.id).toEqual(789);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The object returned from this function execution is a resource "class" which has "static" method
+ * for each action in the definition.
+ *
+ * Calling these methods invoke `$http` on the `url` template with the given `method`, `params` and
+ * `headers`.
+ * When the data is returned from the server then the object is an instance of the resource type and
+ * all of the non-GET methods are available with `$` prefix. This allows you to easily support CRUD
+ * operations (create, read, update, delete) on server-side data.
+
+   ```js
+     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
+     User.get({userId:123}, function(user) {
+       user.abc = true;
+       user.$save();
+     });
+   ```
+ *
+ * It's worth noting that the success callback for `get`, `query` and other methods gets passed
+ * in the response that came from the server as well as $http header getter function, so one
+ * could rewrite the above example and get access to http headers as:
+ *
+   ```js
+     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
+     User.get({userId:123}, function(u, getResponseHeaders){
+       u.abc = true;
+       u.$save(function(u, putResponseHeaders) {
+         //u => saved user object
+         //putResponseHeaders => $http header getter
+       });
+     });
+   ```
+ *
+ * You can also access the raw `$http` promise via the `$promise` property on the object returned
+ *
+   ```
+     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
+     User.get({userId:123})
+         .$promise.then(function(user) {
+           $scope.user = user;
+         });
+   ```
+
+ * # Creating a custom 'PUT' request
+ * In this example we create a custom method on our resource to make a PUT request
+ * ```js
+ *    var app = angular.module('app', ['ngResource', 'ngRoute']);
+ *
+ *    // Some APIs expect a PUT request in the format URL/object/ID
+ *    // Here we are creating an 'update' method
+ *    app.factory('Notes', ['$resource', function($resource) {
+ *    return $resource('/notes/:id', null,
+ *        {
+ *            'update': { method:'PUT' }
+ *        });
+ *    }]);
+ *
+ *    // In our controller we get the ID from the URL using ngRoute and $routeParams
+ *    // We pass in $routeParams and our Notes factory along with $scope
+ *    app.controller('NotesCtrl', ['$scope', '$routeParams', 'Notes',
+                                      function($scope, $routeParams, Notes) {
+ *    // First get a note object from the factory
+ *    var note = Notes.get({ id:$routeParams.id });
+ *    $id = note.id;
+ *
+ *    // Now call update passing in the ID first then the object you are updating
+ *    Notes.update({ id:$id }, note);
+ *
+ *    // This will PUT /notes/ID with the note object in the request payload
+ *    }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+angular.module('ngResource', ['ng']).
+  provider('$resource', function() {
+    var PROTOCOL_AND_DOMAIN_REGEX = /^https?:\/\/[^\/]*/;
+    var provider = this;
+
+    this.defaults = {
+      // Strip slashes by default
+      stripTrailingSlashes: true,
+
+      // Default actions configuration
+      actions: {
+        'get': {method: 'GET'},
+        'save': {method: 'POST'},
+        'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: true},
+        'remove': {method: 'DELETE'},
+        'delete': {method: 'DELETE'}
+      }
+    };
+
+    this.$get = ['$http', '$q', function($http, $q) {
+
+      var noop = angular.noop,
+        forEach = angular.forEach,
+        extend = angular.extend,
+        copy = angular.copy,
+        isFunction = angular.isFunction;
+
+      /**
+       * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
+       * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set
+       * (pchar) allowed in path segments:
+       *    segment       = *pchar
+       *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+       *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+       *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+       *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+       *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+       */
+      function encodeUriSegment(val) {
+        return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
+          replace(/%26/gi, '&').
+          replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
+          replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a
+       * custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't
+       * have to be encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
+       *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+       *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+       *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+       *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+       *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+       *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+       */
+      function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
+        return encodeURIComponent(val).
+          replace(/%40/gi, '@').
+          replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+          replace(/%24/g, '$').
+          replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+          replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
+      }
+
+      function Route(template, defaults) {
+        this.template = template;
+        this.defaults = extend({}, provider.defaults, defaults);
+        this.urlParams = {};
+      }
+
+      Route.prototype = {
+        setUrlParams: function(config, params, actionUrl) {
+          var self = this,
+            url = actionUrl || self.template,
+            val,
+            encodedVal,
+            protocolAndDomain = '';
+
+          var urlParams = self.urlParams = {};
+          forEach(url.split(/\W/), function(param) {
+            if (param === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+              throw $resourceMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid parameter name.");
+            }
+            if (!(new RegExp("^\\d+$").test(param)) && param &&
+              (new RegExp("(^|[^\\\\]):" + param + "(\\W|$)").test(url))) {
+              urlParams[param] = true;
+            }
+          });
+          url = url.replace(/\\:/g, ':');
+          url = url.replace(PROTOCOL_AND_DOMAIN_REGEX, function(match) {
+            protocolAndDomain = match;
+            return '';
+          });
+
+          params = params || {};
+          forEach(self.urlParams, function(_, urlParam) {
+            val = params.hasOwnProperty(urlParam) ? params[urlParam] : self.defaults[urlParam];
+            if (angular.isDefined(val) && val !== null) {
+              encodedVal = encodeUriSegment(val);
+              url = url.replace(new RegExp(":" + urlParam + "(\\W|$)", "g"), function(match, p1) {
+                return encodedVal + p1;
+              });
+            } else {
+              url = url.replace(new RegExp("(\/?):" + urlParam + "(\\W|$)", "g"), function(match,
+                  leadingSlashes, tail) {
+                if (tail.charAt(0) == '/') {
+                  return tail;
+                } else {
+                  return leadingSlashes + tail;
+                }
+              });
+            }
+          });
+
+          // strip trailing slashes and set the url (unless this behavior is specifically disabled)
+          if (self.defaults.stripTrailingSlashes) {
+            url = url.replace(/\/+$/, '') || '/';
+          }
+
+          // then replace collapse `/.` if found in the last URL path segment before the query
+          // E.g. `http://url.com/id./format?q=x` becomes `http://url.com/id.format?q=x`
+          url = url.replace(/\/\.(?=\w+($|\?))/, '.');
+          // replace escaped `/\.` with `/.`
+          config.url = protocolAndDomain + url.replace(/\/\\\./, '/.');
+
+
+          // set params - delegate param encoding to $http
+          forEach(params, function(value, key) {
+            if (!self.urlParams[key]) {
+              config.params = config.params || {};
+              config.params[key] = value;
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      function resourceFactory(url, paramDefaults, actions, options) {
+        var route = new Route(url, options);
+
+        actions = extend({}, provider.defaults.actions, actions);
+
+        function extractParams(data, actionParams) {
+          var ids = {};
+          actionParams = extend({}, paramDefaults, actionParams);
+          forEach(actionParams, function(value, key) {
+            if (isFunction(value)) { value = value(); }
+            ids[key] = value && value.charAt && value.charAt(0) == '@' ?
+              lookupDottedPath(data, value.substr(1)) : value;
+          });
+          return ids;
+        }
+
+        function defaultResponseInterceptor(response) {
+          return response.resource;
+        }
+
+        function Resource(value) {
+          shallowClearAndCopy(value || {}, this);
+        }
+
+        Resource.prototype.toJSON = function() {
+          var data = extend({}, this);
+          delete data.$promise;
+          delete data.$resolved;
+          return data;
+        };
+
+        forEach(actions, function(action, name) {
+          var hasBody = /^(POST|PUT|PATCH)$/i.test(action.method);
+
+          Resource[name] = function(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
+            var params = {}, data, success, error;
+
+            /* jshint -W086 */ /* (purposefully fall through case statements) */
+            switch (arguments.length) {
+              case 4:
+                error = a4;
+                success = a3;
+              //fallthrough
+              case 3:
+              case 2:
+                if (isFunction(a2)) {
+                  if (isFunction(a1)) {
+                    success = a1;
+                    error = a2;
+                    break;
+                  }
+
+                  success = a2;
+                  error = a3;
+                  //fallthrough
+                } else {
+                  params = a1;
+                  data = a2;
+                  success = a3;
+                  break;
+                }
+              case 1:
+                if (isFunction(a1)) success = a1;
+                else if (hasBody) data = a1;
+                else params = a1;
+                break;
+              case 0: break;
+              default:
+                throw $resourceMinErr('badargs',
+                  "Expected up to 4 arguments [params, data, success, error], got {0} arguments",
+                  arguments.length);
+            }
+            /* jshint +W086 */ /* (purposefully fall through case statements) */
+
+            var isInstanceCall = this instanceof Resource;
+            var value = isInstanceCall ? data : (action.isArray ? [] : new Resource(data));
+            var httpConfig = {};
+            var responseInterceptor = action.interceptor && action.interceptor.response ||
+              defaultResponseInterceptor;
+            var responseErrorInterceptor = action.interceptor && action.interceptor.responseError ||
+              undefined;
+
+            forEach(action, function(value, key) {
+              if (key != 'params' && key != 'isArray' && key != 'interceptor') {
+                httpConfig[key] = copy(value);
+              }
+            });
+
+            if (hasBody) httpConfig.data = data;
+            route.setUrlParams(httpConfig,
+              extend({}, extractParams(data, action.params || {}), params),
+              action.url);
+
+            var promise = $http(httpConfig).then(function(response) {
+              var data = response.data,
+                promise = value.$promise;
+
+              if (data) {
+                // Need to convert action.isArray to boolean in case it is undefined
+                // jshint -W018
+                if (angular.isArray(data) !== (!!action.isArray)) {
+                  throw $resourceMinErr('badcfg',
+                      'Error in resource configuration for action `{0}`. Expected response to ' +
+                      'contain an {1} but got an {2} (Request: {3} {4})', name, action.isArray ? 'array' : 'object',
+                    angular.isArray(data) ? 'array' : 'object', httpConfig.method, httpConfig.url);
+                }
+                // jshint +W018
+                if (action.isArray) {
+                  value.length = 0;
+                  forEach(data, function(item) {
+                    if (typeof item === "object") {
+                      value.push(new Resource(item));
+                    } else {
+                      // Valid JSON values may be string literals, and these should not be converted
+                      // into objects. These items will not have access to the Resource prototype
+                      // methods, but unfortunately there
+                      value.push(item);
+                    }
+                  });
+                } else {
+                  shallowClearAndCopy(data, value);
+                  value.$promise = promise;
+                }
+              }
+
+              value.$resolved = true;
+
+              response.resource = value;
+
+              return response;
+            }, function(response) {
+              value.$resolved = true;
+
+              (error || noop)(response);
+
+              return $q.reject(response);
+            });
+
+            promise = promise.then(
+              function(response) {
+                var value = responseInterceptor(response);
+                (success || noop)(value, response.headers);
+                return value;
+              },
+              responseErrorInterceptor);
+
+            if (!isInstanceCall) {
+              // we are creating instance / collection
+              // - set the initial promise
+              // - return the instance / collection
+              value.$promise = promise;
+              value.$resolved = false;
+
+              return value;
+            }
+
+            // instance call
+            return promise;
+          };
+
+
+          Resource.prototype['$' + name] = function(params, success, error) {
+            if (isFunction(params)) {
+              error = success; success = params; params = {};
+            }
+            var result = Resource[name].call(this, params, this, success, error);
+            return result.$promise || result;
+          };
+        });
+
+        Resource.bind = function(additionalParamDefaults) {
+          return resourceFactory(url, extend({}, paramDefaults, additionalParamDefaults), actions);
+        };
+
+        return Resource;
+      }
+
+      return resourceFactory;
+    }];
+  });
+
+
+})(window, window.angular);
+
+/**
+ * @license
+ * lodash 3.10.1 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash modern exports="amd,commonjs,node" iife="angular.module('ngLodash', []).constant('lodash', null).config(function ($provide) { %output% $provide.constant('lodash', _);});" --output build/ng-lodash.js`
+ * Copyright 2012-2015 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright 2009-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+angular.module('ngLodash', []).constant('lodash', null).config([
+  '$provide',
+  function ($provide) {
+    /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
+    var undefined;
+    /** Used as the semantic version number. */
+    var VERSION = '3.10.1';
+    /** Used to compose bitmasks for wrapper metadata. */
+    var BIND_FLAG = 1, BIND_KEY_FLAG = 2, CURRY_BOUND_FLAG = 4, CURRY_FLAG = 8, CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG = 16, PARTIAL_FLAG = 32, PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG = 64, ARY_FLAG = 128, REARG_FLAG = 256;
+    /** Used as default options for `_.trunc`. */
+    var DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH = 30, DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION = '...';
+    /** Used to detect when a function becomes hot. */
+    var HOT_COUNT = 150, HOT_SPAN = 16;
+    /** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */
+    var LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;
+    /** Used to indicate the type of lazy iteratees. */
+    var LAZY_FILTER_FLAG = 1, LAZY_MAP_FLAG = 2;
+    /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
+    var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
+    /** Used as the internal argument placeholder. */
+    var PLACEHOLDER = '__lodash_placeholder__';
+    /** `Object#toString` result references. */
+    var argsTag = '[object Arguments]', arrayTag = '[object Array]', boolTag = '[object Boolean]', dateTag = '[object Date]', errorTag = '[object Error]', funcTag = '[object Function]', mapTag = '[object Map]', numberTag = '[object Number]', objectTag = '[object Object]', regexpTag = '[object RegExp]', setTag = '[object Set]', stringTag = '[object String]', weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';
+    var arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]', float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]', float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]', int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]', int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]', int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]', uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]', uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]', uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]', uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';
+    /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source. */
+    var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g, reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g, reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
+    /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters. */
+    var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39|#96);/g, reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"'`]/g, reHasEscapedHtml = RegExp(reEscapedHtml.source), reHasUnescapedHtml = RegExp(reUnescapedHtml.source);
+    /** Used to match template delimiters. */
+    var reEscape = /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g, reEvaluate = /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g, reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
+    /** Used to match property names within property paths. */
+    var reIsDeepProp = /\.|\[(?:[^[\]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\n\\]|\\.)*?\1)\]/, reIsPlainProp = /^\w*$/, rePropName = /[^.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\n\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]/g;
+    /**
+   * Used to match `RegExp` [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-patterns)
+   * and those outlined by [`EscapeRegExpPattern`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-escaperegexppattern).
+   */
+    var reRegExpChars = /^[:!,]|[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|\/]|(^[0-9a-fA-Fnrtuvx])|([\n\r\u2028\u2029])/g, reHasRegExpChars = RegExp(reRegExpChars.source);
+    /** Used to match [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks). */
+    var reComboMark = /[\u0300-\u036f\ufe20-\ufe23]/g;
+    /** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */
+    var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g;
+    /** Used to match [ES template delimiters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-template-literal-lexical-components). */
+    var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;
+    /** Used to match `RegExp` flags from their coerced string values. */
+    var reFlags = /\w*$/;
+    /** Used to detect hexadecimal string values. */
+    var reHasHexPrefix = /^0[xX]/;
+    /** Used to detect host constructors (Safari > 5). */
+    var reIsHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;
+    /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
+    var reIsUint = /^\d+$/;
+    /** Used to match latin-1 supplementary letters (excluding mathematical operators). */
+    var reLatin1 = /[\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff]/g;
+    /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters. */
+    var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
+    /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals. */
+    var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+    /** Used to match words to create compound words. */
+    var reWords = function () {
+        var upper = '[A-Z\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde]', lower = '[a-z\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff]+';
+        return RegExp(upper + '+(?=' + upper + lower + ')|' + upper + '?' + lower + '|' + upper + '+|[0-9]+', 'g');
+      }();
+    /** Used to assign default `context` object properties. */
+    var contextProps = [
+        'Array',
+        'ArrayBuffer',
+        'Date',
+        'Error',
+        'Float32Array',
+        'Float64Array',
+        'Function',
+        'Int8Array',
+        'Int16Array',
+        'Int32Array',
+        'Math',
+        'Number',
+        'Object',
+        'RegExp',
+        'Set',
+        'String',
+        '_',
+        'clearTimeout',
+        'isFinite',
+        'parseFloat',
+        'parseInt',
+        'setTimeout',
+        'TypeError',
+        'Uint8Array',
+        'Uint8ClampedArray',
+        'Uint16Array',
+        'Uint32Array',
+        'WeakMap'
+      ];
+    /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify. */
+    var templateCounter = -1;
+    /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */
+    var typedArrayTags = {};
+    typedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] = typedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] = typedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;
+    typedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] = typedArrayTags[dateTag] = typedArrayTags[errorTag] = typedArrayTags[funcTag] = typedArrayTags[mapTag] = typedArrayTags[numberTag] = typedArrayTags[objectTag] = typedArrayTags[regexpTag] = typedArrayTags[setTag] = typedArrayTags[stringTag] = typedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;
+    /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values supported by `_.clone`. */
+    var cloneableTags = {};
+    cloneableTags[argsTag] = cloneableTags[arrayTag] = cloneableTags[arrayBufferTag] = cloneableTags[boolTag] = cloneableTags[dateTag] = cloneableTags[float32Tag] = cloneableTags[float64Tag] = cloneableTags[int8Tag] = cloneableTags[int16Tag] = cloneableTags[int32Tag] = cloneableTags[numberTag] = cloneableTags[objectTag] = cloneableTags[regexpTag] = cloneableTags[stringTag] = cloneableTags[uint8Tag] = cloneableTags[uint8ClampedTag] = cloneableTags[uint16Tag] = cloneableTags[uint32Tag] = true;
+    cloneableTags[errorTag] = cloneableTags[funcTag] = cloneableTags[mapTag] = cloneableTags[setTag] = cloneableTags[weakMapTag] = false;
+    /** Used to map latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters. */
+    var deburredLetters = {
+        '\xc0': 'A',
+        '\xc1': 'A',
+        '\xc2': 'A',
+        '\xc3': 'A',
+        '\xc4': 'A',
+        '\xc5': 'A',
+        '\xe0': 'a',
+        '\xe1': 'a',
+        '\xe2': 'a',
+        '\xe3': 'a',
+        '\xe4': 'a',
+        '\xe5': 'a',
+        '\xc7': 'C',
+        '\xe7': 'c',
+        '\xd0': 'D',
+        '\xf0': 'd',
+        '\xc8': 'E',
+        '\xc9': 'E',
+        '\xca': 'E',
+        '\xcb': 'E',
+        '\xe8': 'e',
+        '\xe9': 'e',
+        '\xea': 'e',
+        '\xeb': 'e',
+        '\xcc': 'I',
+        '\xcd': 'I',
+        '\xce': 'I',
+        '\xcf': 'I',
+        '\xec': 'i',
+        '\xed': 'i',
+        '\xee': 'i',
+        '\xef': 'i',
+        '\xd1': 'N',
+        '\xf1': 'n',
+        '\xd2': 'O',
+        '\xd3': 'O',
+        '\xd4': 'O',
+        '\xd5': 'O',
+        '\xd6': 'O',
+        '\xd8': 'O',
+        '\xf2': 'o',
+        '\xf3': 'o',
+        '\xf4': 'o',
+        '\xf5': 'o',
+        '\xf6': 'o',
+        '\xf8': 'o',
+        '\xd9': 'U',
+        '\xda': 'U',
+        '\xdb': 'U',
+        '\xdc': 'U',
+        '\xf9': 'u',
+        '\xfa': 'u',
+        '\xfb': 'u',
+        '\xfc': 'u',
+        '\xdd': 'Y',
+        '\xfd': 'y',
+        '\xff': 'y',
+        '\xc6': 'Ae',
+        '\xe6': 'ae',
+        '\xde': 'Th',
+        '\xfe': 'th',
+        '\xdf': 'ss'
+      };
+    /** Used to map characters to HTML entities. */
+    var htmlEscapes = {
+        '&': '&amp;',
+        '<': '&lt;',
+        '>': '&gt;',
+        '"': '&quot;',
+        '\'': '&#39;',
+        '`': '&#96;'
+      };
+    /** Used to map HTML entities to characters. */
+    var htmlUnescapes = {
+        '&amp;': '&',
+        '&lt;': '<',
+        '&gt;': '>',
+        '&quot;': '"',
+        '&#39;': '\'',
+        '&#96;': '`'
+      };
+    /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object`. */
+    var objectTypes = {
+        'function': true,
+        'object': true
+      };
+    /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled regexes. */
+    var regexpEscapes = {
+        '0': 'x30',
+        '1': 'x31',
+        '2': 'x32',
+        '3': 'x33',
+        '4': 'x34',
+        '5': 'x35',
+        '6': 'x36',
+        '7': 'x37',
+        '8': 'x38',
+        '9': 'x39',
+        'A': 'x41',
+        'B': 'x42',
+        'C': 'x43',
+        'D': 'x44',
+        'E': 'x45',
+        'F': 'x46',
+        'a': 'x61',
+        'b': 'x62',
+        'c': 'x63',
+        'd': 'x64',
+        'e': 'x65',
+        'f': 'x66',
+        'n': 'x6e',
+        'r': 'x72',
+        't': 'x74',
+        'u': 'x75',
+        'v': 'x76',
+        'x': 'x78'
+      };
+    /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals. */
+    var stringEscapes = {
+        '\\': '\\',
+        '\'': '\'',
+        '\n': 'n',
+        '\r': 'r',
+        '\u2028': 'u2028',
+        '\u2029': 'u2029'
+      };
+    /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
+    var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;
+    /** Detect free variable `module`. */
+    var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;
+    /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
+    var freeGlobal = freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object && global;
+    /** Detect free variable `self`. */
+    var freeSelf = objectTypes[typeof self] && self && self.Object && self;
+    /** Detect free variable `window`. */
+    var freeWindow = objectTypes[typeof window] && window && window.Object && window;
+    /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
+    var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;
+    /**
+   * Used as a reference to the global object.
+   *
+   * The `this` value is used if it's the global object to avoid Greasemonkey's
+   * restricted `window` object, otherwise the `window` object is used.
+   */
+    var root = freeGlobal || freeWindow !== (this && this.window) && freeWindow || freeSelf || this;
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    /**
+   * The base implementation of `compareAscending` which compares values and
+   * sorts them in ascending order without guaranteeing a stable sort.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.
+   */
+    function baseCompareAscending(value, other) {
+      if (value !== other) {
+        var valIsNull = value === null, valIsUndef = value === undefined, valIsReflexive = value === value;
+        var othIsNull = other === null, othIsUndef = other === undefined, othIsReflexive = other === other;
+        if (value > other && !othIsNull || !valIsReflexive || valIsNull && !othIsUndef && othIsReflexive || valIsUndef && othIsReflexive) {
+          return 1;
+        }
+        if (value < other && !valIsNull || !othIsReflexive || othIsNull && !valIsUndef && valIsReflexive || othIsUndef && valIsReflexive) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
+   * support for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+   */
+    function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight) {
+      var length = array.length, index = fromRight ? length : -1;
+      while (fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) {
+        if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+   */
+    function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+      if (value !== value) {
+        return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
+      }
+      var index = fromIndex - 1, length = array.length;
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (array[index] === value) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.isFunction` without support for environments
+   * with incorrect `typeof` results.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+   */
+    function baseIsFunction(value) {
+      // Avoid a Chakra JIT bug in compatibility modes of IE 11.
+      // See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/issues/1621 for more details.
+      return typeof value == 'function' || false;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Converts `value` to a string if it's not one. An empty string is returned
+   * for `null` or `undefined` values.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value to process.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the string.
+   */
+    function baseToString(value) {
+      return value == null ? '' : value + '';
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first character
+   * of `string` that is not found in `chars`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
+   * @param {string} chars The characters to find.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first character not found in `chars`.
+   */
+    function charsLeftIndex(string, chars) {
+      var index = -1, length = string.length;
+      while (++index < length && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {
+      }
+      return index;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last character
+   * of `string` that is not found in `chars`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
+   * @param {string} chars The characters to find.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last character not found in `chars`.
+   */
+    function charsRightIndex(string, chars) {
+      var index = string.length;
+      while (index-- && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {
+      }
+      return index;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.sortBy` to compare transformed elements of a collection and stable
+   * sort them in ascending order.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
+   */
+    function compareAscending(object, other) {
+      return baseCompareAscending(object.criteria, other.criteria) || object.index - other.index;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.sortByOrder` to compare multiple properties of a value to another
+   * and stable sort them.
+   *
+   * If `orders` is unspecified, all valuess are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise,
+   * a value is sorted in ascending order if its corresponding order is "asc", and
+   * descending if "desc".
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+   * @param {boolean[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
+   */
+    function compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {
+      var index = -1, objCriteria = object.criteria, othCriteria = other.criteria, length = objCriteria.length, ordersLength = orders.length;
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var result = baseCompareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);
+        if (result) {
+          if (index >= ordersLength) {
+            return result;
+          }
+          var order = orders[index];
+          return result * (order === 'asc' || order === true ? 1 : -1);
+        }
+      }
+      // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
+      // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for
+      // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
+      // for more details.
+      //
+      // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
+      // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.
+      return object.index - other.index;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.deburr` to convert latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} letter The matched letter to deburr.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the deburred letter.
+   */
+    function deburrLetter(letter) {
+      return deburredLetters[letter];
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+    function escapeHtmlChar(chr) {
+      return htmlEscapes[chr];
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.escapeRegExp` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled regexes.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
+   * @param {string} leadingChar The capture group for a leading character.
+   * @param {string} whitespaceChar The capture group for a whitespace character.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+    function escapeRegExpChar(chr, leadingChar, whitespaceChar) {
+      if (leadingChar) {
+        chr = regexpEscapes[chr];
+      } else if (whitespaceChar) {
+        chr = stringEscapes[chr];
+      }
+      return '\\' + chr;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+    function escapeStringChar(chr) {
+      return '\\' + stringEscapes[chr];
+    }
+    /**
+   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
+   */
+    function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
+      var length = array.length, index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 0 : -1);
+      while (fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) {
+        var other = array[index];
+        if (other !== other) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Checks if `value` is object-like.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+   */
+    function isObjectLike(value) {
+      return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `trimmedLeftIndex` and `trimmedRightIndex` to determine if a
+   * character code is whitespace.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {number} charCode The character code to inspect.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `charCode` is whitespace, else `false`.
+   */
+    function isSpace(charCode) {
+      return charCode <= 160 && (charCode >= 9 && charCode <= 13) || charCode == 32 || charCode == 160 || charCode == 5760 || charCode == 6158 || charCode >= 8192 && (charCode <= 8202 || charCode == 8232 || charCode == 8233 || charCode == 8239 || charCode == 8287 || charCode == 12288 || charCode == 65279);
+    }
+    /**
+   * Replaces all `placeholder` elements in `array` with an internal placeholder
+   * and returns an array of their indexes.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of placeholder indexes.
+   */
+    function replaceHolders(array, placeholder) {
+      var index = -1, length = array.length, resIndex = -1, result = [];
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (array[index] === placeholder) {
+          array[index] = PLACEHOLDER;
+          result[++resIndex] = index;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    /**
+   * An implementation of `_.uniq` optimized for sorted arrays without support
+   * for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+   * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+   */
+    function sortedUniq(array, iteratee) {
+      var seen, index = -1, length = array.length, resIndex = -1, result = [];
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index], computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, index, array) : value;
+        if (!index || seen !== computed) {
+          seen = computed;
+          result[++resIndex] = value;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first non-whitespace
+   * character of `string`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first non-whitespace character.
+   */
+    function trimmedLeftIndex(string) {
+      var index = -1, length = string.length;
+      while (++index < length && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {
+      }
+      return index;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last non-whitespace
+   * character of `string`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.
+   */
+    function trimmedRightIndex(string) {
+      var index = string.length;
+      while (index-- && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {
+      }
+      return index;
+    }
+    /**
+   * Used by `_.unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to unescape.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
+   */
+    function unescapeHtmlChar(chr) {
+      return htmlUnescapes[chr];
+    }
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    /**
+   * Create a new pristine `lodash` function using the given `context` object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utility
+   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns a new `lodash` function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.mixin({ 'foo': _.constant('foo') });
+   *
+   * var lodash = _.runInContext();
+   * lodash.mixin({ 'bar': lodash.constant('bar') });
+   *
+   * _.isFunction(_.foo);
+   * // => true
+   * _.isFunction(_.bar);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * lodash.isFunction(lodash.foo);
+   * // => false
+   * lodash.isFunction(lodash.bar);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * // using `context` to mock `Date#getTime` use in `_.now`
+   * var mock = _.runInContext({
+   *   'Date': function() {
+   *     return { 'getTime': getTimeMock };
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * // or creating a suped-up `defer` in Node.js
+   * var defer = _.runInContext({ 'setTimeout': setImmediate }).defer;
+   */
+    function runInContext(context) {
+      // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
+      // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
+      // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
+      // See https://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5 for more details.
+      context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;
+      /** Native constructor references. */
+      var Array = context.Array, Date = context.Date, Error = context.Error, Function = context.Function, Math = context.Math, Number = context.Number, Object = context.Object, RegExp = context.RegExp, String = context.String, TypeError = context.TypeError;
+      /** Used for native method references. */
+      var arrayProto = Array.prototype, objectProto = Object.prototype, stringProto = String.prototype;
+      /** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
+      var fnToString = Function.prototype.toString;
+      /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
+      var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
+      /** Used to generate unique IDs. */
+      var idCounter = 0;
+      /**
+     * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+     * of values.
+     */
+      var objToString = objectProto.toString;
+      /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `_.noConflict`. */
+      var oldDash = root._;
+      /** Used to detect if a method is native. */
+      var reIsNative = RegExp('^' + fnToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(/[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|]/g, '\\$&').replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$');
+      /** Native method references. */
+      var ArrayBuffer = context.ArrayBuffer, clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout, parseFloat = context.parseFloat, pow = Math.pow, propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable, Set = getNative(context, 'Set'), setTimeout = context.setTimeout, splice = arrayProto.splice, Uint8Array = context.Uint8Array, WeakMap = getNative(context, 'WeakMap');
+      /* Native method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+      var nativeCeil = Math.ceil, nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create'), nativeFloor = Math.floor, nativeIsArray = getNative(Array, 'isArray'), nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite, nativeKeys = getNative(Object, 'keys'), nativeMax = Math.max, nativeMin = Math.min, nativeNow = getNative(Date, 'now'), nativeParseInt = context.parseInt, nativeRandom = Math.random;
+      /** Used as references for `-Infinity` and `Infinity`. */
+      var NEGATIVE_INFINITY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, POSITIVE_INFINITY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+      /** Used as references for the maximum length and index of an array. */
+      var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = 4294967295, MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH - 1, HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH >>> 1;
+      /**
+     * Used as the [maximum length](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.max_safe_integer)
+     * of an array-like value.
+     */
+      var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;
+      /** Used to store function metadata. */
+      var metaMap = WeakMap && new WeakMap();
+      /** Used to lookup unminified function names. */
+      var realNames = {};
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit chaining.
+     * Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections, and functions can
+     * be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value or may return a
+     * primitive value will automatically end the chain returning the unwrapped
+     * value. Explicit chaining may be enabled using `_.chain`. The execution of
+     * chained methods is lazy, that is, execution is deferred until `_#value`
+     * is implicitly or explicitly called.
+     *
+     * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion. Shortcut
+     * fusion is an optimization strategy which merge iteratee calls; this can help
+     * to avoid the creation of intermediate data structures and greatly reduce the
+     * number of iteratee executions.
+     *
+     * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
+     * directly or indirectly included in the build.
+     *
+     * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
+     *
+     * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
+     * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`,
+     * `splice`, and `unshift`
+     *
+     * The wrapper `String` methods are:
+     * `replace` and `split`
+     *
+     * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
+     * `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `filter`,
+     * `first`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `pluck`, `reject`, `rest`, `reverse`,
+     * `slice`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `toArray`,
+     * and `where`
+     *
+     * The chainable wrapper methods are:
+     * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `at`, `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`,
+     * `callback`, `chain`, `chunk`, `commit`, `compact`, `concat`, `constant`,
+     * `countBy`, `create`, `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`,
+     * `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`,
+     * `dropWhile`, `fill`, `filter`, `flatten`, `flattenDeep`, `flow`, `flowRight`,
+     * `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`,
+     * `functions`, `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
+     * `invoke`, `keys`, `keysIn`, `map`, `mapKeys`, `mapValues`, `matches`,
+     * `matchesProperty`, `memoize`, `merge`, `method`, `methodOf`, `mixin`,
+     * `modArgs`, `negate`, `omit`, `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`,
+     * `partition`, `pick`, `plant`, `pluck`, `property`, `propertyOf`, `pull`,
+     * `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rearg`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`, `restParam`,
+     * `reverse`, `set`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `sortByAll`,
+     * `sortByOrder`, `splice`, `spread`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`,
+     * `takeWhile`, `tap`, `throttle`, `thru`, `times`, `toArray`, `toPlainObject`,
+     * `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `unzipWith`, `values`,
+     * `valuesIn`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `zip`, `zipObject`, `zipWith`
+     *
+     * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
+     * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `ceil`, `clone`, `cloneDeep`,
+     * `deburr`, `endsWith`, `escape`, `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,
+     * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `findWhere`, `first`,
+     * `floor`, `get`, `gt`, `gte`, `has`, `identity`, `includes`, `indexOf`,
+     * `inRange`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,
+     * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isError`, `isFinite` `isFunction`, `isMatch`,
+     * `isNative`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isPlainObject`,
+     * `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `isTypedArray`, `join`, `kebabCase`,
+     * `last`, `lastIndexOf`, `lt`, `lte`, `max`, `min`, `noConflict`, `noop`,
+     * `now`, `pad`, `padLeft`, `padRight`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,
+     * `reduceRight`, `repeat`, `result`, `round`, `runInContext`, `shift`, `size`,
+     * `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `sortedLastIndex`, `startCase`,
+     * `startsWith`, `sum`, `template`, `trim`, `trimLeft`, `trimRight`, `trunc`,
+     * `unescape`, `uniqueId`, `value`, and `words`
+     *
+     * The wrapper method `sample` will return a wrapped value when `n` is provided,
+     * otherwise an unwrapped value is returned.
+     *
+     * @name _
+     * @constructor
+     * @category Chain
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
+     *
+     * // returns an unwrapped value
+     * wrapped.reduce(function(total, n) {
+     *   return total + n;
+     * });
+     * // => 6
+     *
+     * // returns a wrapped value
+     * var squares = wrapped.map(function(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * });
+     *
+     * _.isArray(squares);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArray(squares.value());
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function lodash(value) {
+        if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value) && !(value instanceof LazyWrapper)) {
+          if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
+            return value;
+          }
+          if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__chain__') && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
+            return wrapperClone(value);
+          }
+        }
+        return new LodashWrapper(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The function whose prototype all chaining wrappers inherit from.
+     *
+     * @private
+     */
+      function baseLodash() {
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable chaining for all wrapper methods.
+     * @param {Array} [actions=[]] Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
+     */
+      function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll, actions) {
+        this.__wrapped__ = value;
+        this.__actions__ = actions || [];
+        this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
+      }
+      /**
+     * An object environment feature flags.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @type Object
+     */
+      var support = lodash.support = {};
+      /**
+     * By default, the template delimiters used by lodash are like those in
+     * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use
+     * alternative delimiters.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @type Object
+     */
+      lodash.templateSettings = {
+        'escape': reEscape,
+        'evaluate': reEvaluate,
+        'interpolate': reInterpolate,
+        'variable': '',
+        'imports': { '_': lodash }
+      };
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates a lazy wrapper object which wraps `value` to enable lazy evaluation.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     */
+      function LazyWrapper(value) {
+        this.__wrapped__ = value;
+        this.__actions__ = [];
+        this.__dir__ = 1;
+        this.__filtered__ = false;
+        this.__iteratees__ = [];
+        this.__takeCount__ = POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+        this.__views__ = [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a clone of the lazy wrapper object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name clone
+     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned `LazyWrapper` object.
+     */
+      function lazyClone() {
+        var result = new LazyWrapper(this.__wrapped__);
+        result.__actions__ = arrayCopy(this.__actions__);
+        result.__dir__ = this.__dir__;
+        result.__filtered__ = this.__filtered__;
+        result.__iteratees__ = arrayCopy(this.__iteratees__);
+        result.__takeCount__ = this.__takeCount__;
+        result.__views__ = arrayCopy(this.__views__);
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Reverses the direction of lazy iteration.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name reverse
+     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `LazyWrapper` object.
+     */
+      function lazyReverse() {
+        if (this.__filtered__) {
+          var result = new LazyWrapper(this);
+          result.__dir__ = -1;
+          result.__filtered__ = true;
+        } else {
+          result = this.clone();
+          result.__dir__ *= -1;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Extracts the unwrapped value from its lazy wrapper.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name value
+     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
+     * @returns {*} Returns the unwrapped value.
+     */
+      function lazyValue() {
+        var array = this.__wrapped__.value(), dir = this.__dir__, isArr = isArray(array), isRight = dir < 0, arrLength = isArr ? array.length : 0, view = getView(0, arrLength, this.__views__), start = view.start, end = view.end, length = end - start, index = isRight ? end : start - 1, iteratees = this.__iteratees__, iterLength = iteratees.length, resIndex = 0, takeCount = nativeMin(length, this.__takeCount__);
+        if (!isArr || arrLength < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE || arrLength == length && takeCount == length) {
+          return baseWrapperValue(array, this.__actions__);
+        }
+        var result = [];
+        outer:
+          while (length-- && resIndex < takeCount) {
+            index += dir;
+            var iterIndex = -1, value = array[index];
+            while (++iterIndex < iterLength) {
+              var data = iteratees[iterIndex], iteratee = data.iteratee, type = data.type, computed = iteratee(value);
+              if (type == LAZY_MAP_FLAG) {
+                value = computed;
+              } else if (!computed) {
+                if (type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG) {
+                  continue outer;
+                } else {
+                  break outer;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            result[resIndex++] = value;
+          }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates a cache object to store key/value pairs.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @static
+     * @name Cache
+     * @memberOf _.memoize
+     */
+      function MapCache() {
+        this.__data__ = {};
+      }
+      /**
+     * Removes `key` and its value from the cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name delete
+     * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed successfully, else `false`.
+     */
+      function mapDelete(key) {
+        return this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the cached value for `key`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name get
+     * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the cached value.
+     */
+      function mapGet(key) {
+        return key == '__proto__' ? undefined : this.__data__[key];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if a cached value for `key` exists.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name has
+     * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+      function mapHas(key) {
+        return key != '__proto__' && hasOwnProperty.call(this.__data__, key);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Sets `value` to `key` of the cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name set
+     * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to cache.
+     * @param {*} value The value to cache.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cache object.
+     */
+      function mapSet(key, value) {
+        if (key != '__proto__') {
+          this.__data__[key] = value;
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     *
+     * Creates a cache object to store unique values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
+     */
+      function SetCache(values) {
+        var length = values ? values.length : 0;
+        this.data = {
+          'hash': nativeCreate(null),
+          'set': new Set()
+        };
+        while (length--) {
+          this.push(values[length]);
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is in `cache` mimicking the return signature of
+     * `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} cache The cache to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
+     */
+      function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
+        var data = cache.data, result = typeof value == 'string' || isObject(value) ? data.set.has(value) : data.hash[value];
+        return result ? 0 : -1;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Adds `value` to the cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name push
+     * @memberOf SetCache
+     * @param {*} value The value to cache.
+     */
+      function cachePush(value) {
+        var data = this.data;
+        if (typeof value == 'string' || isObject(value)) {
+          data.set.add(value);
+        } else {
+          data.hash[value] = true;
+        }
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates a new array joining `array` with `other`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to join.
+     * @param {Array} other The other array to join.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
+     */
+      function arrayConcat(array, other) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length, othIndex = -1, othLength = other.length, result = Array(length + othLength);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = array[index];
+        }
+        while (++othIndex < othLength) {
+          result[index++] = other[othIndex];
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
+     * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function arrayCopy(source, array) {
+        var index = -1, length = source.length;
+        array || (array = Array(length));
+        while (++index < length) {
+          array[index] = source[index];
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.forEachRight` for arrays without support for
+     * callback shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function arrayEachRight(array, iteratee) {
+        var length = array.length;
+        while (length--) {
+          if (iteratee(array[length], length, array) === false) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+      function arrayEvery(array, predicate) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseExtremum` for arrays which invokes `iteratee`
+     * with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
+     * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
+     */
+      function arrayExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator, exValue) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length, computed = exValue, result = computed;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var value = array[index], current = +iteratee(value);
+          if (comparator(current, computed)) {
+            computed = current;
+            result = value;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     */
+      function arrayFilter(array, predicate) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length, resIndex = -1, result = [];
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var value = array[index];
+          if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
+            result[++resIndex] = value;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+     */
+      function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length, result = Array(length);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to append.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function arrayPush(array, values) {
+        var index = -1, length = values.length, offset = array.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          array[offset + index] = values[index];
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.reduce` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+     * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the first element of `array`
+     *  as the initial value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     */
+      function arrayReduce(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length;
+        if (initFromArray && length) {
+          accumulator = array[++index];
+        }
+        while (++index < length) {
+          accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[index], index, array);
+        }
+        return accumulator;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.reduceRight` for arrays without support for
+     * callback shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+     * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the last element of `array`
+     *  as the initial value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     */
+      function arrayReduceRight(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
+        var length = array.length;
+        if (initFromArray && length) {
+          accumulator = array[--length];
+        }
+        while (length--) {
+          accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[length], length, array);
+        }
+        return accumulator;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+      function arraySome(array, predicate) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.sum` for arrays without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding..
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+     */
+      function arraySum(array, iteratee) {
+        var length = array.length, result = 0;
+        while (length--) {
+          result += +iteratee(array[length]) || 0;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Used by `_.defaults` to customize its `_.assign` use.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
+     * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
+     */
+      function assignDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue) {
+        return objectValue === undefined ? sourceValue : objectValue;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Used by `_.template` to customize its `_.assign` use.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is like `assignDefaults` except that it ignores
+     * inherited property values when checking if a property is `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
+     * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
+     * @param {string} key The key associated with the object and source values.
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
+     */
+      function assignOwnDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue, key, object) {
+        return objectValue === undefined || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) ? sourceValue : objectValue;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.assign` for customizing assigned values without
+     * support for argument juggling, multiple sources, and `this` binding `customizer`
+     * functions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function assignWith(object, source, customizer) {
+        var index = -1, props = keys(source), length = props.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index], value = object[key], result = customizer(value, source[key], key, object, source);
+          if ((result === result ? result !== value : value === value) || value === undefined && !(key in object)) {
+            object[key] = result;
+          }
+        }
+        return object;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.assign` without support for argument juggling,
+     * multiple sources, and `customizer` functions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function baseAssign(object, source) {
+        return source == null ? object : baseCopy(source, keys(source), object);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.at` without support for string collections
+     * and individual key arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {number[]|string[]} props The property names or indexes of elements to pick.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
+     */
+      function baseAt(collection, props) {
+        var index = -1, isNil = collection == null, isArr = !isNil && isArrayLike(collection), length = isArr ? collection.length : 0, propsLength = props.length, result = Array(propsLength);
+        while (++index < propsLength) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          if (isArr) {
+            result[index] = isIndex(key, length) ? collection[key] : undefined;
+          } else {
+            result[index] = isNil ? undefined : collection[key];
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Copies properties of `source` to `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
+     * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
+     * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function baseCopy(source, props, object) {
+        object || (object = {});
+        var index = -1, length = props.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          object[key] = source[key];
+        }
+        return object;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.callback` which supports specifying the
+     * number of arguments to provide to `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments to provide to `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
+     */
+      function baseCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
+        var type = typeof func;
+        if (type == 'function') {
+          return thisArg === undefined ? func : bindCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
+        }
+        if (func == null) {
+          return identity;
+        }
+        if (type == 'object') {
+          return baseMatches(func);
+        }
+        return thisArg === undefined ? property(func) : baseMatchesProperty(func, thisArg);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.clone` without support for argument juggling
+     * and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
+     * @param {string} [key] The key of `value`.
+     * @param {Object} [object] The object `value` belongs to.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+     */
+      function baseClone(value, isDeep, customizer, key, object, stackA, stackB) {
+        var result;
+        if (customizer) {
+          result = object ? customizer(value, key, object) : customizer(value);
+        }
+        if (result !== undefined) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        if (!isObject(value)) {
+          return value;
+        }
+        var isArr = isArray(value);
+        if (isArr) {
+          result = initCloneArray(value);
+          if (!isDeep) {
+            return arrayCopy(value, result);
+          }
+        } else {
+          var tag = objToString.call(value), isFunc = tag == funcTag;
+          if (tag == objectTag || tag == argsTag || isFunc && !object) {
+            result = initCloneObject(isFunc ? {} : value);
+            if (!isDeep) {
+              return baseAssign(result, value);
+            }
+          } else {
+            return cloneableTags[tag] ? initCloneByTag(value, tag, isDeep) : object ? value : {};
+          }
+        }
+        // Check for circular references and return its corresponding clone.
+        stackA || (stackA = []);
+        stackB || (stackB = []);
+        var length = stackA.length;
+        while (length--) {
+          if (stackA[length] == value) {
+            return stackB[length];
+          }
+        }
+        // Add the source value to the stack of traversed objects and associate it with its clone.
+        stackA.push(value);
+        stackB.push(result);
+        // Recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits).
+        (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(value, function (subValue, key) {
+          result[key] = baseClone(subValue, isDeep, customizer, key, value, stackA, stackB);
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
+     * properties to the created object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+      var baseCreate = function () {
+          function object() {
+          }
+          return function (prototype) {
+            if (isObject(prototype)) {
+              object.prototype = prototype;
+              var result = new object();
+              object.prototype = undefined;
+            }
+            return result || {};
+          };
+        }();
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.delay` and `_.defer` which accepts an index
+     * of where to slice the arguments to provide to `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
+     * @param {Object} args The arguments provide to `func`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+     */
+      function baseDelay(func, wait, args) {
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        return setTimeout(function () {
+          func.apply(undefined, args);
+        }, wait);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.difference` which accepts a single array
+     * of values to exclude.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to exclude.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     */
+      function baseDifference(array, values) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0, result = [];
+        if (!length) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        var index = -1, indexOf = getIndexOf(), isCommon = indexOf === baseIndexOf, cache = isCommon && values.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE ? createCache(values) : null, valuesLength = values.length;
+        if (cache) {
+          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
+          isCommon = false;
+          values = cache;
+        }
+        outer:
+          while (++index < length) {
+            var value = array[index];
+            if (isCommon && value === value) {
+              var valuesIndex = valuesLength;
+              while (valuesIndex--) {
+                if (values[valuesIndex] === value) {
+                  continue outer;
+                }
+              }
+              result.push(value);
+            } else if (indexOf(values, value, 0) < 0) {
+              result.push(value);
+            }
+          }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
+     */
+      var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forEachRight` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
+     */
+      var baseEachRight = createBaseEach(baseForOwnRight, true);
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`
+     */
+      function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
+        var result = true;
+        baseEach(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
+          return result;
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the extremum value of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each value
+     * in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked.
+     * The `iteratee` is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
+     * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
+     */
+      function baseExtremum(collection, iteratee, comparator, exValue) {
+        var computed = exValue, result = computed;
+        baseEach(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          var current = +iteratee(value, index, collection);
+          if (comparator(current, computed) || current === exValue && current === result) {
+            computed = current;
+            result = value;
+          }
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.fill` without an iteratee call guard.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
+     * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function baseFill(array, value, start, end) {
+        var length = array.length;
+        start = start == null ? 0 : +start || 0;
+        if (start < 0) {
+          start = -start > length ? 0 : length + start;
+        }
+        end = end === undefined || end > length ? length : +end || 0;
+        if (end < 0) {
+          end += length;
+        }
+        length = start > end ? 0 : end >>> 0;
+        start >>>= 0;
+        while (start < length) {
+          array[start++] = value;
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     */
+      function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
+        var result = [];
+        baseEach(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
+            result.push(value);
+          }
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.find`, `_.findLast`, `_.findKey`, and `_.findLastKey`,
+     * without support for callback shorthands and `this` binding, which iterates
+     * over `collection` using the provided `eachFunc`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
+     * @param {boolean} [retKey] Specify returning the key of the found element
+     *  instead of the element itself.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
+     */
+      function baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc, retKey) {
+        var result;
+        eachFunc(collection, function (value, key, collection) {
+          if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
+            result = retKey ? key : value;
+            return false;
+          }
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with added support for restricting
+     * flattening and specifying the start index.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
+     * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict flattening to arrays-like objects.
+     * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     */
+      function baseFlatten(array, isDeep, isStrict, result) {
+        result || (result = []);
+        var index = -1, length = array.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var value = array[index];
+          if (isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value) && (isStrict || isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
+            if (isDeep) {
+              // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+              baseFlatten(value, isDeep, isStrict, result);
+            } else {
+              arrayPush(result, value);
+            }
+          } else if (!isStrict) {
+            result[result.length] = value;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `baseForIn` and `baseForOwn` which iterates
+     * over `object` properties returned by `keysFunc` invoking `iteratee` for
+     * each property. Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly
+     * returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      var baseFor = createBaseFor();
+      /**
+     * This function is like `baseFor` except that it iterates over properties
+     * in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      var baseForRight = createBaseFor(true);
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forIn` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function baseForIn(object, iteratee) {
+        return baseFor(object, iteratee, keysIn);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
+        return baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forOwnRight` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function baseForOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
+        return baseForRight(object, iteratee, keys);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
+     * `object` function property names filtered from those provided.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered property names.
+     */
+      function baseFunctions(object, props) {
+        var index = -1, length = props.length, resIndex = -1, result = [];
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          if (isFunction(object[key])) {
+            result[++resIndex] = key;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `get` without support for string paths
+     * and default values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {string} [pathKey] The key representation of path.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     */
+      function baseGet(object, path, pathKey) {
+        if (object == null) {
+          return;
+        }
+        if (pathKey !== undefined && pathKey in toObject(object)) {
+          path = [pathKey];
+        }
+        var index = 0, length = path.length;
+        while (object != null && index < length) {
+          object = object[path[index++]];
+        }
+        return index && index == length ? object : undefined;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` without support for `this` binding
+     * `customizer` functions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
+     * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+      function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
+        if (value === other) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        if (value == null || other == null || !isObject(value) && !isObjectLike(other)) {
+          return value !== value && other !== other;
+        }
+        return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
+     * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
+     * references to be compared.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing objects.
+     * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+      function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
+        var objIsArr = isArray(object), othIsArr = isArray(other), objTag = arrayTag, othTag = arrayTag;
+        if (!objIsArr) {
+          objTag = objToString.call(object);
+          if (objTag == argsTag) {
+            objTag = objectTag;
+          } else if (objTag != objectTag) {
+            objIsArr = isTypedArray(object);
+          }
+        }
+        if (!othIsArr) {
+          othTag = objToString.call(other);
+          if (othTag == argsTag) {
+            othTag = objectTag;
+          } else if (othTag != objectTag) {
+            othIsArr = isTypedArray(other);
+          }
+        }
+        var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag, othIsObj = othTag == objectTag, isSameTag = objTag == othTag;
+        if (isSameTag && !(objIsArr || objIsObj)) {
+          return equalByTag(object, other, objTag);
+        }
+        if (!isLoose) {
+          var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'), othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');
+          if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {
+            return equalFunc(objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object, othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
+          }
+        }
+        if (!isSameTag) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // Assume cyclic values are equal.
+        // For more information on detecting circular references see https://es5.github.io/#JO.
+        stackA || (stackA = []);
+        stackB || (stackB = []);
+        var length = stackA.length;
+        while (length--) {
+          if (stackA[length] == object) {
+            return stackB[length] == other;
+          }
+        }
+        // Add `object` and `other` to the stack of traversed objects.
+        stackA.push(object);
+        stackB.push(other);
+        var result = (objIsArr ? equalArrays : equalObjects)(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
+        stackA.pop();
+        stackB.pop();
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for callback
+     * shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} matchData The propery names, values, and compare flags to match.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
+     */
+      function baseIsMatch(object, matchData, customizer) {
+        var index = matchData.length, length = index, noCustomizer = !customizer;
+        if (object == null) {
+          return !length;
+        }
+        object = toObject(object);
+        while (index--) {
+          var data = matchData[index];
+          if (noCustomizer && data[2] ? data[1] !== object[data[0]] : !(data[0] in object)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        while (++index < length) {
+          data = matchData[index];
+          var key = data[0], objValue = object[key], srcValue = data[1];
+          if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {
+            if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          } else {
+            var result = customizer ? customizer(objValue, srcValue, key) : undefined;
+            if (!(result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, customizer, true) : result)) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for callback shorthands
+     * and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+     */
+      function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
+        var index = -1, result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];
+        baseEach(collection, function (value, key, collection) {
+          result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.matches` which does not clone `source`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     */
+      function baseMatches(source) {
+        var matchData = getMatchData(source);
+        if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {
+          var key = matchData[0][0], value = matchData[0][1];
+          return function (object) {
+            if (object == null) {
+              return false;
+            }
+            return object[key] === value && (value !== undefined || key in toObject(object));
+          };
+        }
+        return function (object) {
+          return baseIsMatch(object, matchData);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which does not clone `srcValue`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The value to compare.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     */
+      function baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
+        var isArr = isArray(path), isCommon = isKey(path) && isStrictComparable(srcValue), pathKey = path + '';
+        path = toPath(path);
+        return function (object) {
+          if (object == null) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          var key = pathKey;
+          object = toObject(object);
+          if ((isArr || !isCommon) && !(key in object)) {
+            object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
+            if (object == null) {
+              return false;
+            }
+            key = last(path);
+            object = toObject(object);
+          }
+          return object[key] === srcValue ? srcValue !== undefined || key in object : baseIsEqual(srcValue, object[key], undefined, true);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.merge` without support for argument juggling,
+     * multiple sources, and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+      function baseMerge(object, source, customizer, stackA, stackB) {
+        if (!isObject(object)) {
+          return object;
+        }
+        var isSrcArr = isArrayLike(source) && (isArray(source) || isTypedArray(source)), props = isSrcArr ? undefined : keys(source);
+        arrayEach(props || source, function (srcValue, key) {
+          if (props) {
+            key = srcValue;
+            srcValue = source[key];
+          }
+          if (isObjectLike(srcValue)) {
+            stackA || (stackA = []);
+            stackB || (stackB = []);
+            baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, baseMerge, customizer, stackA, stackB);
+          } else {
+            var value = object[key], result = customizer ? customizer(value, srcValue, key, object, source) : undefined, isCommon = result === undefined;
+            if (isCommon) {
+              result = srcValue;
+            }
+            if ((result !== undefined || isSrcArr && !(key in object)) && (isCommon || (result === result ? result !== value : value === value))) {
+              object[key] = result;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+        return object;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseMerge` for arrays and objects which performs
+     * deep merges and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
+     * references to be merged.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to merge.
+     * @param {Function} mergeFunc The function to merge values.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+      function baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, mergeFunc, customizer, stackA, stackB) {
+        var length = stackA.length, srcValue = source[key];
+        while (length--) {
+          if (stackA[length] == srcValue) {
+            object[key] = stackB[length];
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+        var value = object[key], result = customizer ? customizer(value, srcValue, key, object, source) : undefined, isCommon = result === undefined;
+        if (isCommon) {
+          result = srcValue;
+          if (isArrayLike(srcValue) && (isArray(srcValue) || isTypedArray(srcValue))) {
+            result = isArray(value) ? value : isArrayLike(value) ? arrayCopy(value) : [];
+          } else if (isPlainObject(srcValue) || isArguments(srcValue)) {
+            result = isArguments(value) ? toPlainObject(value) : isPlainObject(value) ? value : {};
+          } else {
+            isCommon = false;
+          }
+        }
+        // Add the source value to the stack of traversed objects and associate
+        // it with its merged value.
+        stackA.push(srcValue);
+        stackB.push(result);
+        if (isCommon) {
+          // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+          object[key] = mergeFunc(result, srcValue, customizer, stackA, stackB);
+        } else if (result === result ? result !== value : value === value) {
+          object[key] = result;
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     */
+      function baseProperty(key) {
+        return function (object) {
+          return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     */
+      function basePropertyDeep(path) {
+        var pathKey = path + '';
+        path = toPath(path);
+        return function (object) {
+          return baseGet(object, path, pathKey);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.pullAt` without support for individual
+     * index arguments and capturing the removed elements.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {number[]} indexes The indexes of elements to remove.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function basePullAt(array, indexes) {
+        var length = array ? indexes.length : 0;
+        while (length--) {
+          var index = indexes[length];
+          if (index != previous && isIndex(index)) {
+            var previous = index;
+            splice.call(array, index, 1);
+          }
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.random` without support for argument juggling
+     * and returning floating-point numbers.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.
+     * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
+     */
+      function baseRandom(min, max) {
+        return min + nativeFloor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without support
+     * for callback shorthands and `this` binding, which iterates over `collection`
+     * using the provided `eachFunc`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
+     * @param {boolean} initFromCollection Specify using the first or last element
+     *  of `collection` as the initial value.
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     */
+      function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection, eachFunc) {
+        eachFunc(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          accumulator = initFromCollection ? (initFromCollection = false, value) : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
+        });
+        return accumulator;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `setData` without support for hot loop detection.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
+     * @param {*} data The metadata.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
+     */
+      var baseSetData = !metaMap ? identity : function (func, data) {
+          metaMap.set(func, data);
+          return func;
+        };
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+      function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
+        var index = -1, length = array.length;
+        start = start == null ? 0 : +start || 0;
+        if (start < 0) {
+          start = -start > length ? 0 : length + start;
+        }
+        end = end === undefined || end > length ? length : +end || 0;
+        if (end < 0) {
+          end += length;
+        }
+        length = start > end ? 0 : end - start >>> 0;
+        start >>>= 0;
+        var result = Array(length);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = array[index + start];
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for callback shorthands
+     * and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+      function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
+        var result;
+        baseEach(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          result = predicate(value, index, collection);
+          return !result;
+        });
+        return !!result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define
+     * the sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their
+     * corresponding values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
+     * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function baseSortBy(array, comparer) {
+        var length = array.length;
+        array.sort(comparer);
+        while (length--) {
+          array[length] = array[length].value;
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.sortByOrder` without param guards.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.
+     * @param {boolean[]} orders The sort orders of `iteratees`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     */
+      function baseSortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders) {
+        var callback = getCallback(), index = -1;
+        iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees, function (iteratee) {
+          return callback(iteratee);
+        });
+        var result = baseMap(collection, function (value) {
+            var criteria = arrayMap(iteratees, function (iteratee) {
+                return iteratee(value);
+              });
+            return {
+              'criteria': criteria,
+              'index': ++index,
+              'value': value
+            };
+          });
+        return baseSortBy(result, function (object, other) {
+          return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);
+        });
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.sum` without support for callback shorthands
+     * and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+     */
+      function baseSum(collection, iteratee) {
+        var result = 0;
+        baseEach(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          result += +iteratee(value, index, collection) || 0;
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
+     * and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     */
+      function baseUniq(array, iteratee) {
+        var index = -1, indexOf = getIndexOf(), length = array.length, isCommon = indexOf === baseIndexOf, isLarge = isCommon && length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE, seen = isLarge ? createCache() : null, result = [];
+        if (seen) {
+          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
+          isCommon = false;
+        } else {
+          isLarge = false;
+          seen = iteratee ? [] : result;
+        }
+        outer:
+          while (++index < length) {
+            var value = array[index], computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, index, array) : value;
+            if (isCommon && value === value) {
+              var seenIndex = seen.length;
+              while (seenIndex--) {
+                if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {
+                  continue outer;
+                }
+              }
+              if (iteratee) {
+                seen.push(computed);
+              }
+              result.push(value);
+            } else if (indexOf(seen, computed, 0) < 0) {
+              if (iteratee || isLarge) {
+                seen.push(computed);
+              }
+              result.push(value);
+            }
+          }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
+     * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
+     * of `props`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
+     */
+      function baseValues(object, props) {
+        var index = -1, length = props.length, result = Array(length);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = object[props[index]];
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.dropRightWhile`, `_.dropWhile`, `_.takeRightWhile`,
+     * and `_.takeWhile` without support for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDrop] Specify dropping elements instead of taking them.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+      function baseWhile(array, predicate, isDrop, fromRight) {
+        var length = array.length, index = fromRight ? length : -1;
+        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) && predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+        }
+        return isDrop ? baseSlice(array, fromRight ? 0 : index, fromRight ? index + 1 : length) : baseSlice(array, fromRight ? index + 1 : 0, fromRight ? length : index);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
+     * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
+     * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
+     * @param {Array} actions Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     */
+      function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
+        var result = value;
+        if (result instanceof LazyWrapper) {
+          result = result.value();
+        }
+        var index = -1, length = actions.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var action = actions[index];
+          result = action.func.apply(action.thisArg, arrayPush([result], action.args));
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Performs a binary search of `array` to determine the index at which `value`
+     * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     */
+      function binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest) {
+        var low = 0, high = array ? array.length : low;
+        if (typeof value == 'number' && value === value && high <= HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
+          while (low < high) {
+            var mid = low + high >>> 1, computed = array[mid];
+            if ((retHighest ? computed <= value : computed < value) && computed !== null) {
+              low = mid + 1;
+            } else {
+              high = mid;
+            }
+          }
+          return high;
+        }
+        return binaryIndexBy(array, value, identity, retHighest);
+      }
+      /**
+     * This function is like `binaryIndex` except that it invokes `iteratee` for
+     * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
+     * iteratee is invoked with one argument; (value).
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     */
+      function binaryIndexBy(array, value, iteratee, retHighest) {
+        value = iteratee(value);
+        var low = 0, high = array ? array.length : 0, valIsNaN = value !== value, valIsNull = value === null, valIsUndef = value === undefined;
+        while (low < high) {
+          var mid = nativeFloor((low + high) / 2), computed = iteratee(array[mid]), isDef = computed !== undefined, isReflexive = computed === computed;
+          if (valIsNaN) {
+            var setLow = isReflexive || retHighest;
+          } else if (valIsNull) {
+            setLow = isReflexive && isDef && (retHighest || computed != null);
+          } else if (valIsUndef) {
+            setLow = isReflexive && (retHighest || isDef);
+          } else if (computed == null) {
+            setLow = false;
+          } else {
+            setLow = retHighest ? computed <= value : computed < value;
+          }
+          if (setLow) {
+            low = mid + 1;
+          } else {
+            high = mid;
+          }
+        }
+        return nativeMin(high, MAX_ARRAY_INDEX);
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseCallback` which only supports `this` binding
+     * and specifying the number of arguments to provide to `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments to provide to `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
+     */
+      function bindCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          return identity;
+        }
+        if (thisArg === undefined) {
+          return func;
+        }
+        switch (argCount) {
+        case 1:
+          return function (value) {
+            return func.call(thisArg, value);
+          };
+        case 3:
+          return function (value, index, collection) {
+            return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
+          };
+        case 4:
+          return function (accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+            return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+          };
+        case 5:
+          return function (value, other, key, object, source) {
+            return func.call(thisArg, value, other, key, object, source);
+          };
+        }
+        return function () {
+          return func.apply(thisArg, arguments);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a clone of the given array buffer.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {ArrayBuffer} buffer The array buffer to clone.
+     * @returns {ArrayBuffer} Returns the cloned array buffer.
+     */
+      function bufferClone(buffer) {
+        var result = new ArrayBuffer(buffer.byteLength), view = new Uint8Array(result);
+        view.set(new Uint8Array(buffer));
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array that is the composition of partially applied arguments,
+     * placeholders, and provided arguments into a single array of arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
+     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided.
+     * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
+     */
+      function composeArgs(args, partials, holders) {
+        var holdersLength = holders.length, argsIndex = -1, argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0), leftIndex = -1, leftLength = partials.length, result = Array(leftLength + argsLength);
+        while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
+          result[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
+        }
+        while (++argsIndex < holdersLength) {
+          result[holders[argsIndex]] = args[argsIndex];
+        }
+        while (argsLength--) {
+          result[leftIndex++] = args[argsIndex++];
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * This function is like `composeArgs` except that the arguments composition
+     * is tailored for `_.partialRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
+     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to append to those provided.
+     * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
+     */
+      function composeArgsRight(args, partials, holders) {
+        var holdersIndex = -1, holdersLength = holders.length, argsIndex = -1, argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0), rightIndex = -1, rightLength = partials.length, result = Array(argsLength + rightLength);
+        while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
+          result[argsIndex] = args[argsIndex];
+        }
+        var offset = argsIndex;
+        while (++rightIndex < rightLength) {
+          result[offset + rightIndex] = partials[rightIndex];
+        }
+        while (++holdersIndex < holdersLength) {
+          result[offset + holders[holdersIndex]] = args[argsIndex++];
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.countBy`, `_.groupBy`, `_.indexBy`, or `_.partition` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} setter The function to set keys and values of the accumulator object.
+     * @param {Function} [initializer] The function to initialize the accumulator object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
+     */
+      function createAggregator(setter, initializer) {
+        return function (collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          var result = initializer ? initializer() : {};
+          iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+          if (isArray(collection)) {
+            var index = -1, length = collection.length;
+            while (++index < length) {
+              var value = collection[index];
+              setter(result, value, iteratee(value, index, collection), collection);
+            }
+          } else {
+            baseEach(collection, function (value, key, collection) {
+              setter(result, value, iteratee(value, key, collection), collection);
+            });
+          }
+          return result;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.assign`, `_.defaults`, or `_.merge` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
+     */
+      function createAssigner(assigner) {
+        return restParam(function (object, sources) {
+          var index = -1, length = object == null ? 0 : sources.length, customizer = length > 2 ? sources[length - 2] : undefined, guard = length > 2 ? sources[2] : undefined, thisArg = length > 1 ? sources[length - 1] : undefined;
+          if (typeof customizer == 'function') {
+            customizer = bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 5);
+            length -= 2;
+          } else {
+            customizer = typeof thisArg == 'function' ? thisArg : undefined;
+            length -= customizer ? 1 : 0;
+          }
+          if (guard && isIterateeCall(sources[0], sources[1], guard)) {
+            customizer = length < 3 ? undefined : customizer;
+            length = 1;
+          }
+          while (++index < length) {
+            var source = sources[index];
+            if (source) {
+              assigner(object, source, customizer);
+            }
+          }
+          return object;
+        });
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
+     */
+      function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
+        return function (collection, iteratee) {
+          var length = collection ? getLength(collection) : 0;
+          if (!isLength(length)) {
+            return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
+          }
+          var index = fromRight ? length : -1, iterable = toObject(collection);
+          while (fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) {
+            if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          return collection;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a base function for `_.forIn` or `_.forInRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
+     */
+      function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
+        return function (object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
+          var iterable = toObject(object), props = keysFunc(object), length = props.length, index = fromRight ? length : -1;
+          while (fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) {
+            var key = props[index];
+            if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          return object;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the `this`
+     * binding of `thisArg`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+     */
+      function createBindWrapper(func, thisArg) {
+        var Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);
+        function wrapper() {
+          var fn = this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper ? Ctor : func;
+          return fn.apply(thisArg, arguments);
+        }
+        return wrapper;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `Set` cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
+     * @returns {null|Object} Returns the new cache object if `Set` is supported, else `null`.
+     */
+      function createCache(values) {
+        return nativeCreate && Set ? new SetCache(values) : null;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that produces compound words out of the words in a
+     * given string.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} callback The function to combine each word.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new compounder function.
+     */
+      function createCompounder(callback) {
+        return function (string) {
+          var index = -1, array = words(deburr(string)), length = array.length, result = '';
+          while (++index < length) {
+            result = callback(result, array[index], index);
+          }
+          return result;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
+     * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+      function createCtorWrapper(Ctor) {
+        return function () {
+          // Use a `switch` statement to work with class constructors.
+          // See http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist
+          // for more details.
+          var args = arguments;
+          switch (args.length) {
+          case 0:
+            return new Ctor();
+          case 1:
+            return new Ctor(args[0]);
+          case 2:
+            return new Ctor(args[0], args[1]);
+          case 3:
+            return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+          case 4:
+            return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
+          case 5:
+            return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
+          case 6:
+            return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5]);
+          case 7:
+            return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6]);
+          }
+          var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype), result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, args);
+          // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
+          // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
+          return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} flag The curry bit flag.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curry function.
+     */
+      function createCurry(flag) {
+        function curryFunc(func, arity, guard) {
+          if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, arity, guard)) {
+            arity = undefined;
+          }
+          var result = createWrapper(func, flag, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, arity);
+          result.placeholder = curryFunc.placeholder;
+          return result;
+        }
+        return curryFunc;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.defaults` or `_.defaultsDeep` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
+     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new defaults function.
+     */
+      function createDefaults(assigner, customizer) {
+        return restParam(function (args) {
+          var object = args[0];
+          if (object == null) {
+            return object;
+          }
+          args.push(customizer);
+          return assigner.apply(undefined, args);
+        });
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.max` or `_.min` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
+     * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new extremum function.
+     */
+      function createExtremum(comparator, exValue) {
+        return function (collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
+            iteratee = undefined;
+          }
+          iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+          if (iteratee.length == 1) {
+            collection = isArray(collection) ? collection : toIterable(collection);
+            var result = arrayExtremum(collection, iteratee, comparator, exValue);
+            if (!(collection.length && result === exValue)) {
+              return result;
+            }
+          }
+          return baseExtremum(collection, iteratee, comparator, exValue);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.find` or `_.findLast` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
+     */
+      function createFind(eachFunc, fromRight) {
+        return function (collection, predicate, thisArg) {
+          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+          if (isArray(collection)) {
+            var index = baseFindIndex(collection, predicate, fromRight);
+            return index > -1 ? collection[index] : undefined;
+          }
+          return baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.findIndex` or `_.findLastIndex` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
+     */
+      function createFindIndex(fromRight) {
+        return function (array, predicate, thisArg) {
+          if (!(array && array.length)) {
+            return -1;
+          }
+          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+          return baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.findKey` or `_.findLastKey` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
+     */
+      function createFindKey(objectFunc) {
+        return function (object, predicate, thisArg) {
+          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+          return baseFind(object, predicate, objectFunc, true);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.flow` or `_.flowRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new flow function.
+     */
+      function createFlow(fromRight) {
+        return function () {
+          var wrapper, length = arguments.length, index = fromRight ? length : -1, leftIndex = 0, funcs = Array(length);
+          while (fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) {
+            var func = funcs[leftIndex++] = arguments[index];
+            if (typeof func != 'function') {
+              throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+            }
+            if (!wrapper && LodashWrapper.prototype.thru && getFuncName(func) == 'wrapper') {
+              wrapper = new LodashWrapper([], true);
+            }
+          }
+          index = wrapper ? -1 : length;
+          while (++index < length) {
+            func = funcs[index];
+            var funcName = getFuncName(func), data = funcName == 'wrapper' ? getData(func) : undefined;
+            if (data && isLaziable(data[0]) && data[1] == (ARY_FLAG | CURRY_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && !data[4].length && data[9] == 1) {
+              wrapper = wrapper[getFuncName(data[0])].apply(wrapper, data[3]);
+            } else {
+              wrapper = func.length == 1 && isLaziable(func) ? wrapper[funcName]() : wrapper.thru(func);
+            }
+          }
+          return function () {
+            var args = arguments, value = args[0];
+            if (wrapper && args.length == 1 && isArray(value) && value.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
+              return wrapper.plant(value).value();
+            }
+            var index = 0, result = length ? funcs[index].apply(this, args) : value;
+            while (++index < length) {
+              result = funcs[index].call(this, result);
+            }
+            return result;
+          };
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function for `_.forEach` or `_.forEachRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over an array.
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
+     */
+      function createForEach(arrayFunc, eachFunc) {
+        return function (collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          return typeof iteratee == 'function' && thisArg === undefined && isArray(collection) ? arrayFunc(collection, iteratee) : eachFunc(collection, bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3));
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function for `_.forIn` or `_.forInRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
+     */
+      function createForIn(objectFunc) {
+        return function (object, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          if (typeof iteratee != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
+            iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+          }
+          return objectFunc(object, iteratee, keysIn);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function for `_.forOwn` or `_.forOwnRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
+     */
+      function createForOwn(objectFunc) {
+        return function (object, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          if (typeof iteratee != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
+            iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+          }
+          return objectFunc(object, iteratee);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function for `_.mapKeys` or `_.mapValues`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [isMapKeys] Specify mapping keys instead of values.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new map function.
+     */
+      function createObjectMapper(isMapKeys) {
+        return function (object, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          var result = {};
+          iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+          baseForOwn(object, function (value, key, object) {
+            var mapped = iteratee(value, key, object);
+            key = isMapKeys ? mapped : key;
+            value = isMapKeys ? value : mapped;
+            result[key] = value;
+          });
+          return result;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function for `_.padLeft` or `_.padRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify padding from the right.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new pad function.
+     */
+      function createPadDir(fromRight) {
+        return function (string, length, chars) {
+          string = baseToString(string);
+          return (fromRight ? string : '') + createPadding(string, length, chars) + (fromRight ? '' : string);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.partial` or `_.partialRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} flag The partial bit flag.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partial function.
+     */
+      function createPartial(flag) {
+        var partialFunc = restParam(function (func, partials) {
+            var holders = replaceHolders(partials, partialFunc.placeholder);
+            return createWrapper(func, flag, undefined, partials, holders);
+          });
+        return partialFunc;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function for `_.reduce` or `_.reduceRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over an array.
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
+     */
+      function createReduce(arrayFunc, eachFunc) {
+        return function (collection, iteratee, accumulator, thisArg) {
+          var initFromArray = arguments.length < 3;
+          return typeof iteratee == 'function' && thisArg === undefined && isArray(collection) ? arrayFunc(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) : baseReduce(collection, getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4), accumulator, initFromArray, eachFunc);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with optional `this`
+     * binding of, partial application, and currying.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
+     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [partialsRight] The arguments to append to those provided to the new function.
+     * @param {Array} [holdersRight] The `partialsRight` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
+     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+      function createHybridWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity) {
+        var isAry = bitmask & ARY_FLAG, isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG, isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG, isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG, isCurryBound = bitmask & CURRY_BOUND_FLAG, isCurryRight = bitmask & CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG, Ctor = isBindKey ? undefined : createCtorWrapper(func);
+        function wrapper() {
+          // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
+          // converting it to an array before providing it to other functions.
+          var length = arguments.length, index = length, args = Array(length);
+          while (index--) {
+            args[index] = arguments[index];
+          }
+          if (partials) {
+            args = composeArgs(args, partials, holders);
+          }
+          if (partialsRight) {
+            args = composeArgsRight(args, partialsRight, holdersRight);
+          }
+          if (isCurry || isCurryRight) {
+            var placeholder = wrapper.placeholder, argsHolders = replaceHolders(args, placeholder);
+            length -= argsHolders.length;
+            if (length < arity) {
+              var newArgPos = argPos ? arrayCopy(argPos) : undefined, newArity = nativeMax(arity - length, 0), newsHolders = isCurry ? argsHolders : undefined, newHoldersRight = isCurry ? undefined : argsHolders, newPartials = isCurry ? args : undefined, newPartialsRight = isCurry ? undefined : args;
+              bitmask |= isCurry ? PARTIAL_FLAG : PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG;
+              bitmask &= ~(isCurry ? PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG : PARTIAL_FLAG);
+              if (!isCurryBound) {
+                bitmask &= ~(BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG);
+              }
+              var newData = [
+                  func,
+                  bitmask,
+                  thisArg,
+                  newPartials,
+                  newsHolders,
+                  newPartialsRight,
+                  newHoldersRight,
+                  newArgPos,
+                  ary,
+                  newArity
+                ], result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
+              if (isLaziable(func)) {
+                setData(result, newData);
+              }
+              result.placeholder = placeholder;
+              return result;
+            }
+          }
+          var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this, fn = isBindKey ? thisBinding[func] : func;
+          if (argPos) {
+            args = reorder(args, argPos);
+          }
+          if (isAry && ary < args.length) {
+            args.length = ary;
+          }
+          if (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) {
+            fn = Ctor || createCtorWrapper(func);
+          }
+          return fn.apply(thisBinding, args);
+        }
+        return wrapper;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates the padding required for `string` based on the given `length`.
+     * The `chars` string is truncated if the number of characters exceeds `length`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} string The string to create padding for.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the pad for `string`.
+     */
+      function createPadding(string, length, chars) {
+        var strLength = string.length;
+        length = +length;
+        if (strLength >= length || !nativeIsFinite(length)) {
+          return '';
+        }
+        var padLength = length - strLength;
+        chars = chars == null ? ' ' : chars + '';
+        return repeat(chars, nativeCeil(padLength / chars.length)).slice(0, padLength);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the optional `this`
+     * binding of `thisArg` and the `partials` prepended to those provided to
+     * the wrapper.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
+     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+     */
+      function createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
+        var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG, Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);
+        function wrapper() {
+          // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
+          // converting it to an array before providing it `func`.
+          var argsIndex = -1, argsLength = arguments.length, leftIndex = -1, leftLength = partials.length, args = Array(leftLength + argsLength);
+          while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
+            args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
+          }
+          while (argsLength--) {
+            args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
+          }
+          var fn = this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper ? Ctor : func;
+          return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
+        }
+        return wrapper;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.ceil`, `_.floor`, or `_.round` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} methodName The name of the `Math` method to use when rounding.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new round function.
+     */
+      function createRound(methodName) {
+        var func = Math[methodName];
+        return function (number, precision) {
+          precision = precision === undefined ? 0 : +precision || 0;
+          if (precision) {
+            precision = pow(10, precision);
+            return func(number * precision) / precision;
+          }
+          return func(number);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a `_.sortedIndex` or `_.sortedLastIndex` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new index function.
+     */
+      function createSortedIndex(retHighest) {
+        return function (array, value, iteratee, thisArg) {
+          var callback = getCallback(iteratee);
+          return iteratee == null && callback === baseCallback ? binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest) : binaryIndexBy(array, value, callback(iteratee, thisArg, 1), retHighest);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that either curries or invokes `func` with optional
+     * `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags.
+     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
+     *     1 - `_.bind`
+     *     2 - `_.bindKey`
+     *     4 - `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` of a bound function
+     *     8 - `_.curry`
+     *    16 - `_.curryRight`
+     *    32 - `_.partial`
+     *    64 - `_.partialRight`
+     *   128 - `_.rearg`
+     *   256 - `_.ary`
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
+     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+      function createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
+        var isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG;
+        if (!isBindKey && typeof func != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        var length = partials ? partials.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          bitmask &= ~(PARTIAL_FLAG | PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
+          partials = holders = undefined;
+        }
+        length -= holders ? holders.length : 0;
+        if (bitmask & PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG) {
+          var partialsRight = partials, holdersRight = holders;
+          partials = holders = undefined;
+        }
+        var data = isBindKey ? undefined : getData(func), newData = [
+            func,
+            bitmask,
+            thisArg,
+            partials,
+            holders,
+            partialsRight,
+            holdersRight,
+            argPos,
+            ary,
+            arity
+          ];
+        if (data) {
+          mergeData(newData, data);
+          bitmask = newData[1];
+          arity = newData[9];
+        }
+        newData[9] = arity == null ? isBindKey ? 0 : func.length : nativeMax(arity - length, 0) || 0;
+        if (bitmask == BIND_FLAG) {
+          var result = createBindWrapper(newData[0], newData[2]);
+        } else if ((bitmask == PARTIAL_FLAG || bitmask == (BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG)) && !newData[4].length) {
+          result = createPartialWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
+        } else {
+          result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
+        }
+        var setter = data ? baseSetData : setData;
+        return setter(result, newData);
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
+     * partial deep comparisons.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
+     * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing arrays.
+     * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+      function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
+        var index = -1, arrLength = array.length, othLength = other.length;
+        if (arrLength != othLength && !(isLoose && othLength > arrLength)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // Ignore non-index properties.
+        while (++index < arrLength) {
+          var arrValue = array[index], othValue = other[index], result = customizer ? customizer(isLoose ? othValue : arrValue, isLoose ? arrValue : othValue, index) : undefined;
+          if (result !== undefined) {
+            if (result) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            return false;
+          }
+          // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+          if (isLoose) {
+            if (!arraySome(other, function (othValue) {
+                return arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
+              })) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          } else if (!(arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
+     * the same `toStringTag`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
+     * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+      function equalByTag(object, other, tag) {
+        switch (tag) {
+        case boolTag:
+        case dateTag:
+          // Coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
+          // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal.
+          return +object == +other;
+        case errorTag:
+          return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;
+        case numberTag:
+          // Treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal.
+          return object != +object ? other != +other : object == +other;
+        case regexpTag:
+        case stringTag:
+          // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings primitives and string
+          // objects as equal. See https://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4 for more details.
+          return object == other + '';
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
+     * partial deep comparisons.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
+     * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
+     * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
+     * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+      function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
+        var objProps = keys(object), objLength = objProps.length, othProps = keys(other), othLength = othProps.length;
+        if (objLength != othLength && !isLoose) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        var index = objLength;
+        while (index--) {
+          var key = objProps[index];
+          if (!(isLoose ? key in other : hasOwnProperty.call(other, key))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        var skipCtor = isLoose;
+        while (++index < objLength) {
+          key = objProps[index];
+          var objValue = object[key], othValue = other[key], result = customizer ? customizer(isLoose ? othValue : objValue, isLoose ? objValue : othValue, key) : undefined;
+          // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
+          if (!(result === undefined ? equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) : result)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
+        }
+        if (!skipCtor) {
+          var objCtor = object.constructor, othCtor = other.constructor;
+          // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
+          if (objCtor != othCtor && ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) && !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor && typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the appropriate "callback" function. If the `_.callback` method is
+     * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
+     * the `baseCallback` function. If arguments are provided the chosen function
+     * is invoked with them and its result is returned.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the chosen function or its result.
+     */
+      function getCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
+        var result = lodash.callback || callback;
+        result = result === callback ? baseCallback : result;
+        return argCount ? result(func, thisArg, argCount) : result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets metadata for `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the metadata for `func`.
+     */
+      var getData = !metaMap ? noop : function (func) {
+          return metaMap.get(func);
+        };
+      /**
+     * Gets the name of `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to query.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the function name.
+     */
+      function getFuncName(func) {
+        var result = func.name + '', array = realNames[result], length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        while (length--) {
+          var data = array[length], otherFunc = data.func;
+          if (otherFunc == null || otherFunc == func) {
+            return data.name;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
+     * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
+     * the `baseIndexOf` function. If arguments are provided the chosen function
+     * is invoked with them and its result is returned.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @returns {Function|number} Returns the chosen function or its result.
+     */
+      function getIndexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) {
+        var result = lodash.indexOf || indexOf;
+        result = result === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
+        return collection ? result(collection, target, fromIndex) : result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792)
+     * that affects Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
+     */
+      var getLength = baseProperty('length');
+      /**
+     * Gets the propery names, values, and compare flags of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.
+     */
+      function getMatchData(object) {
+        var result = pairs(object), length = result.length;
+        while (length--) {
+          result[length][2] = isStrictComparable(result[length][1]);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.
+     */
+      function getNative(object, key) {
+        var value = object == null ? undefined : object[key];
+        return isNative(value) ? value : undefined;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the view, applying any `transforms` to the `start` and `end` positions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} start The start of the view.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the view.
+     * @param {Array} transforms The transformations to apply to the view.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns an object containing the `start` and `end`
+     *  positions of the view.
+     */
+      function getView(start, end, transforms) {
+        var index = -1, length = transforms.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var data = transforms[index], size = data.size;
+          switch (data.type) {
+          case 'drop':
+            start += size;
+            break;
+          case 'dropRight':
+            end -= size;
+            break;
+          case 'take':
+            end = nativeMin(end, start + size);
+            break;
+          case 'takeRight':
+            start = nativeMax(start, end - size);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        return {
+          'start': start,
+          'end': end
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Initializes an array clone.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to clone.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized clone.
+     */
+      function initCloneArray(array) {
+        var length = array.length, result = new array.constructor(length);
+        // Add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`.
+        if (length && typeof array[0] == 'string' && hasOwnProperty.call(array, 'index')) {
+          result.index = array.index;
+          result.input = array.input;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Initializes an object clone.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
+     */
+      function initCloneObject(object) {
+        var Ctor = object.constructor;
+        if (!(typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor instanceof Ctor)) {
+          Ctor = Object;
+        }
+        return new Ctor();
+      }
+      /**
+     * Initializes an object clone based on its `toStringTag`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function only supports cloning values with tags of
+     * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
+     * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the object to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
+     */
+      function initCloneByTag(object, tag, isDeep) {
+        var Ctor = object.constructor;
+        switch (tag) {
+        case arrayBufferTag:
+          return bufferClone(object);
+        case boolTag:
+        case dateTag:
+          return new Ctor(+object);
+        case float32Tag:
+        case float64Tag:
+        case int8Tag:
+        case int16Tag:
+        case int32Tag:
+        case uint8Tag:
+        case uint8ClampedTag:
+        case uint16Tag:
+        case uint32Tag:
+          var buffer = object.buffer;
+          return new Ctor(isDeep ? bufferClone(buffer) : buffer, object.byteOffset, object.length);
+        case numberTag:
+        case stringTag:
+          return new Ctor(object);
+        case regexpTag:
+          var result = new Ctor(object.source, reFlags.exec(object));
+          result.lastIndex = object.lastIndex;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Invokes the method at `path` on `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
+     * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the result of the invoked method.
+     */
+      function invokePath(object, path, args) {
+        if (object != null && !isKey(path, object)) {
+          path = toPath(path);
+          object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
+          path = last(path);
+        }
+        var func = object == null ? object : object[path];
+        return func == null ? undefined : func.apply(object, args);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is array-like.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isArrayLike(value) {
+        return value != null && isLength(getLength(value));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isIndex(value, length) {
+        value = typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value) ? +value : -1;
+        length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
+        return value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if the provided arguments are from an iteratee call.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.
+     * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.
+     * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {
+        if (!isObject(object)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        var type = typeof index;
+        if (type == 'number' ? isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length) : type == 'string' && index in object) {
+          var other = object[index];
+          return value === value ? value === other : other !== other;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isKey(value, object) {
+        var type = typeof value;
+        if (type == 'string' && reIsPlainProp.test(value) || type == 'number') {
+          return true;
+        }
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        var result = !reIsDeepProp.test(value);
+        return result || object != null && value in toObject(object);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `func` has a lazy counterpart.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` has a lazy counterpart, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isLaziable(func) {
+        var funcName = getFuncName(func), other = lodash[funcName];
+        if (typeof other != 'function' || !(funcName in LazyWrapper.prototype)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (func === other) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        var data = getData(other);
+        return !!data && func === data[0];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is based on [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isLength(value) {
+        return typeof value == 'number' && value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict
+     *  equality comparisons, else `false`.
+     */
+      function isStrictComparable(value) {
+        return value === value && !isObject(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Merges the function metadata of `source` into `data`.
+     *
+     * Merging metadata reduces the number of wrappers required to invoke a function.
+     * This is possible because methods like `_.bind`, `_.curry`, and `_.partial`
+     * may be applied regardless of execution order. Methods like `_.ary` and `_.rearg`
+     * augment function arguments, making the order in which they are executed important,
+     * preventing the merging of metadata. However, we make an exception for a safe
+     * common case where curried functions have `_.ary` and or `_.rearg` applied.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} data The destination metadata.
+     * @param {Array} source The source metadata.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `data`.
+     */
+      function mergeData(data, source) {
+        var bitmask = data[1], srcBitmask = source[1], newBitmask = bitmask | srcBitmask, isCommon = newBitmask < ARY_FLAG;
+        var isCombo = srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && bitmask == CURRY_FLAG || srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && bitmask == REARG_FLAG && data[7].length <= source[8] || srcBitmask == (ARY_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && bitmask == CURRY_FLAG;
+        // Exit early if metadata can't be merged.
+        if (!(isCommon || isCombo)) {
+          return data;
+        }
+        // Use source `thisArg` if available.
+        if (srcBitmask & BIND_FLAG) {
+          data[2] = source[2];
+          // Set when currying a bound function.
+          newBitmask |= bitmask & BIND_FLAG ? 0 : CURRY_BOUND_FLAG;
+        }
+        // Compose partial arguments.
+        var value = source[3];
+        if (value) {
+          var partials = data[3];
+          data[3] = partials ? composeArgs(partials, value, source[4]) : arrayCopy(value);
+          data[4] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[3], PLACEHOLDER) : arrayCopy(source[4]);
+        }
+        // Compose partial right arguments.
+        value = source[5];
+        if (value) {
+          partials = data[5];
+          data[5] = partials ? composeArgsRight(partials, value, source[6]) : arrayCopy(value);
+          data[6] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[5], PLACEHOLDER) : arrayCopy(source[6]);
+        }
+        // Use source `argPos` if available.
+        value = source[7];
+        if (value) {
+          data[7] = arrayCopy(value);
+        }
+        // Use source `ary` if it's smaller.
+        if (srcBitmask & ARY_FLAG) {
+          data[8] = data[8] == null ? source[8] : nativeMin(data[8], source[8]);
+        }
+        // Use source `arity` if one is not provided.
+        if (data[9] == null) {
+          data[9] = source[9];
+        }
+        // Use source `func` and merge bitmasks.
+        data[0] = source[0];
+        data[1] = newBitmask;
+        return data;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Used by `_.defaultsDeep` to customize its `_.merge` use.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
+     * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
+     */
+      function mergeDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue) {
+        return objectValue === undefined ? sourceValue : merge(objectValue, sourceValue, mergeDefaults);
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.pick` which picks `object` properties specified
+     * by `props`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {string[]} props The property names to pick.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+      function pickByArray(object, props) {
+        object = toObject(object);
+        var index = -1, length = props.length, result = {};
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          if (key in object) {
+            result[key] = object[key];
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.pick` which picks `object` properties `predicate`
+     * returns truthy for.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+      function pickByCallback(object, predicate) {
+        var result = {};
+        baseForIn(object, function (value, key, object) {
+          if (predicate(value, key, object)) {
+            result[key] = value;
+          }
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Reorder `array` according to the specified indexes where the element at
+     * the first index is assigned as the first element, the element at
+     * the second index is assigned as the second element, and so on.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to reorder.
+     * @param {Array} indexes The arranged array indexes.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+      function reorder(array, indexes) {
+        var arrLength = array.length, length = nativeMin(indexes.length, arrLength), oldArray = arrayCopy(array);
+        while (length--) {
+          var index = indexes[length];
+          array[length] = isIndex(index, arrLength) ? oldArray[index] : undefined;
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Sets metadata for `func`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** If this function becomes hot, i.e. is invoked a lot in a short
+     * period of time, it will trip its breaker and transition to an identity function
+     * to avoid garbage collection pauses in V8. See [V8 issue 2070](https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2070)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
+     * @param {*} data The metadata.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
+     */
+      var setData = function () {
+          var count = 0, lastCalled = 0;
+          return function (key, value) {
+            var stamp = now(), remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);
+            lastCalled = stamp;
+            if (remaining > 0) {
+              if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {
+                return key;
+              }
+            } else {
+              count = 0;
+            }
+            return baseSetData(key, value);
+          };
+        }();
+      /**
+     * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which creates an array of the
+     * own enumerable property names of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     */
+      function shimKeys(object) {
+        var props = keysIn(object), propsLength = props.length, length = propsLength && object.length;
+        var allowIndexes = !!length && isLength(length) && (isArray(object) || isArguments(object));
+        var index = -1, result = [];
+        while (++index < propsLength) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          if (allowIndexes && isIndex(key, length) || hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {
+            result.push(key);
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `value` to an array-like object if it's not one.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the array-like object.
+     */
+      function toIterable(value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (!isArrayLike(value)) {
+          return values(value);
+        }
+        return isObject(value) ? value : Object(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `value` to an object if it's not one.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the object.
+     */
+      function toObject(value) {
+        return isObject(value) ? value : Object(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `value` to property path array if it's not one.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.
+     */
+      function toPath(value) {
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          return value;
+        }
+        var result = [];
+        baseToString(value).replace(rePropName, function (match, number, quote, string) {
+          result.push(quote ? string.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : number || match);
+        });
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
+     */
+      function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
+        return wrapper instanceof LazyWrapper ? wrapper.clone() : new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__, arrayCopy(wrapper.__actions__));
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of `size`.
+     * If `collection` can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining
+     * elements.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+     * @param {number} [size=1] The length of each chunk.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array containing chunks.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
+     * // => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]
+     *
+     * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
+     * // => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]
+     */
+      function chunk(array, size, guard) {
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, size, guard) : size == null) {
+          size = 1;
+        } else {
+          size = nativeMax(nativeFloor(size) || 1, 1);
+        }
+        var index = 0, length = array ? array.length : 0, resIndex = -1, result = Array(nativeCeil(length / size));
+        while (index < length) {
+          result[++resIndex] = baseSlice(array, index, index += size);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
+     * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      function compact(array) {
+        var index = -1, length = array ? array.length : 0, resIndex = -1, result = [];
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var value = array[index];
+          if (value) {
+            result[++resIndex] = value;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of unique `array` values not included in the other
+     * provided arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {...Array} [values] The arrays of values to exclude.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.difference([1, 2, 3], [4, 2]);
+     * // => [1, 3]
+     */
+      var difference = restParam(function (array, values) {
+          return isObjectLike(array) && isArrayLike(array) ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, false, true)) : [];
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the beginning.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [3]
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => []
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      function drop(array, n, guard) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
+          n = 1;
+        }
+        return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the end.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [1]
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => []
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      function dropRight(array, n, guard) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
+          n = 1;
+        }
+        n = length - (+n || 0);
+        return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the end.
+     * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
+     * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that match the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.dropRightWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return n > 1;
+     * });
+     * // => [1]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
+     */
+      function dropRightWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
+        return array && array.length ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), true, true) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the beginning.
+     * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
+     * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.dropWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return n < 3;
+     * });
+     * // => [3]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }), 'user');
+     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => ['pebbles']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
+     */
+      function dropWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
+        return array && array.length ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), true) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Fills elements of `array` with `value` from `start` up to, but not
+     * including, `end`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
+     * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
+     *
+     * _.fill(array, 'a');
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => ['a', 'a', 'a']
+     *
+     * _.fill(Array(3), 2);
+     * // => [2, 2, 2]
+     *
+     * _.fill([4, 6, 8], '*', 1, 2);
+     * // => [4, '*', 8]
+     */
+      function fill(array, value, start, end) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (start && typeof start != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, value, start)) {
+          start = 0;
+          end = length;
+        }
+        return baseFill(array, value, start, end);
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
+     * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.findIndex(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.user == 'barney';
+     * });
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.findIndex(users, 'active', false);
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.findIndex(users, 'active');
+     * // => 2
+     */
+      var findIndex = createFindIndex();
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
+     * of `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.user == 'pebbles';
+     * });
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true });
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active', false);
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active');
+     * // => 0
+     */
+      var findLastIndex = createFindIndex(true);
+      /**
+     * Gets the first element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias head
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * _.first([]);
+     * // => undefined
+     */
+      function first(array) {
+        return array ? array[0] : undefined;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Flattens a nested array. If `isDeep` is `true` the array is recursively
+     * flattened, otherwise it's only flattened a single level.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
+     *
+     * // using `isDeep`
+     * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]], true);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
+     */
+      function flatten(array, isDeep, guard) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(array, isDeep, guard)) {
+          isDeep = false;
+        }
+        return length ? baseFlatten(array, isDeep) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Recursively flattens a nested array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to recursively flatten.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.flattenDeep([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
+     */
+      function flattenDeep(array) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        return length ? baseFlatten(array, true) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
+     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
+     * from the end of `array`. If `array` is sorted providing `true` for `fromIndex`
+     * performs a faster binary search.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
+     *  to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // using `fromIndex`
+     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * // performing a binary search
+     * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2, true);
+     * // => 2
+     */
+      function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+          fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : fromIndex;
+        } else if (fromIndex) {
+          var index = binaryIndex(array, value);
+          if (index < length && (value === value ? value === array[index] : array[index] !== array[index])) {
+            return index;
+          }
+          return -1;
+        }
+        return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex || 0);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets all but the last element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+      function initial(array) {
+        return dropRight(array, 1);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of unique values that are included in all of the provided
+     * arrays using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
+     * @example
+     * _.intersection([1, 2], [4, 2], [2, 1]);
+     * // => [2]
+     */
+      var intersection = restParam(function (arrays) {
+          var othLength = arrays.length, othIndex = othLength, caches = Array(length), indexOf = getIndexOf(), isCommon = indexOf === baseIndexOf, result = [];
+          while (othIndex--) {
+            var value = arrays[othIndex] = isArrayLike(value = arrays[othIndex]) ? value : [];
+            caches[othIndex] = isCommon && value.length >= 120 ? createCache(othIndex && value) : null;
+          }
+          var array = arrays[0], index = -1, length = array ? array.length : 0, seen = caches[0];
+          outer:
+            while (++index < length) {
+              value = array[index];
+              if ((seen ? cacheIndexOf(seen, value) : indexOf(result, value, 0)) < 0) {
+                var othIndex = othLength;
+                while (--othIndex) {
+                  var cache = caches[othIndex];
+                  if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(arrays[othIndex], value, 0)) < 0) {
+                    continue outer;
+                  }
+                }
+                if (seen) {
+                  seen.push(value);
+                }
+                result.push(value);
+              }
+            }
+          return result;
+        });
+      /**
+     * Gets the last element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => 3
+     */
+      function last(array) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `array` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from
+     *  or `true` to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * // using `fromIndex`
+     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // performing a binary search
+     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2, true);
+     * // => 3
+     */
+      function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        var index = length;
+        if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+          index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : nativeMin(fromIndex || 0, length - 1)) + 1;
+        } else if (fromIndex) {
+          index = binaryIndex(array, value, true) - 1;
+          var other = array[index];
+          if (value === value ? value === other : other !== other) {
+            return index;
+          }
+          return -1;
+        }
+        if (value !== value) {
+          return indexOfNaN(array, index, true);
+        }
+        while (index--) {
+          if (array[index] === value) {
+            return index;
+          }
+        }
+        return -1;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Removes all provided values from `array` using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.without`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {...*} [values] The values to remove.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
+     *
+     * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 1]
+     */
+      function pull() {
+        var args = arguments, array = args[0];
+        if (!(array && array.length)) {
+          return array;
+        }
+        var index = 0, indexOf = getIndexOf(), length = args.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var fromIndex = 0, value = args[index];
+          while ((fromIndex = indexOf(array, value, fromIndex)) > -1) {
+            splice.call(array, fromIndex, 1);
+          }
+        }
+        return array;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Removes elements from `array` corresponding to the given indexes and returns
+     * an array of the removed elements. Indexes may be specified as an array of
+     * indexes or as individual arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.at`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {...(number|number[])} [indexes] The indexes of elements to remove,
+     *  specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [5, 10, 15, 20];
+     * var evens = _.pullAt(array, 1, 3);
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [5, 15]
+     *
+     * console.log(evens);
+     * // => [10, 20]
+     */
+      var pullAt = restParam(function (array, indexes) {
+          indexes = baseFlatten(indexes);
+          var result = baseAt(array, indexes);
+          basePullAt(array, indexes.sort(baseCompareAscending));
+          return result;
+        });
+      /**
+     * Removes all elements from `array` that `predicate` returns truthy for
+     * and returns an array of the removed elements. The predicate is bound to
+     * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.filter`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+     * var evens = _.remove(array, function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * });
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 3]
+     *
+     * console.log(evens);
+     * // => [2, 4]
+     */
+      function remove(array, predicate, thisArg) {
+        var result = [];
+        if (!(array && array.length)) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        var index = -1, indexes = [], length = array.length;
+        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var value = array[index];
+          if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
+            result.push(value);
+            indexes.push(index);
+          }
+        }
+        basePullAt(array, indexes);
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets all but the first element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias tail
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     */
+      function rest(array) {
+        return drop(array, 1);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` from `start` up to, but not including, `end`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node
+     * lists in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+      function slice(array, start, end) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (end && typeof end != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, start, end)) {
+          start = 0;
+          end = length;
+        }
+        return baseSlice(array, start, end);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Uses a binary search to determine the lowest index at which `value` should
+     * be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order. If an iteratee
+     * function is provided it's invoked for `value` and each element of `array`
+     * to compute their sort ranking. The iteratee is bound to `thisArg` and
+     * invoked with one argument; (value).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedIndex([30, 50], 40);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * _.sortedIndex([4, 4, 5, 5], 5);
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * var dict = { 'data': { 'thirty': 30, 'forty': 40, 'fifty': 50 } };
+     *
+     * // using an iteratee function
+     * _.sortedIndex(['thirty', 'fifty'], 'forty', function(word) {
+     *   return this.data[word];
+     * }, dict);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
+     * // => 1
+     */
+      var sortedIndex = createSortedIndex();
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it returns the highest
+     * index at which `value` should be inserted into `array` in order to
+     * maintain its sort order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedLastIndex([4, 4, 5, 5], 5);
+     * // => 4
+     */
+      var sortedLastIndex = createSortedIndex(true);
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the beginning.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [1]
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+      function take(array, n, guard) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
+          n = 1;
+        }
+        return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the end.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [3]
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+      function takeRight(array, n, guard) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
+          n = 1;
+        }
+        n = length - (+n || 0);
+        return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the end. Elements are
+     * taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is bound to `thisArg`
+     * and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.takeRightWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return n > 1;
+     * });
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }), 'user');
+     * // => ['pebbles']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => []
+     */
+      function takeRightWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
+        return array && array.length ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), false, true) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the beginning. Elements
+     * are taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is bound to
+     * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.takeWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return n < 3;
+     * });
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false},
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => []
+     */
+      function takeWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
+        return array && array.length ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3)) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of unique values, in order, from all of the provided arrays
+     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.union([1, 2], [4, 2], [2, 1]);
+     * // => [1, 2, 4]
+     */
+      var union = restParam(function (arrays) {
+          return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, false, true));
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a duplicate-free version of an array, using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons, in which only the first occurence of each element
+     * is kept. Providing `true` for `isSorted` performs a faster search algorithm
+     * for sorted arrays. If an iteratee function is provided it's invoked for
+     * each element in the array to generate the criterion by which uniqueness
+     * is computed. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias unique
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {boolean} [isSorted] Specify the array is sorted.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate-value-free array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.uniq([2, 1, 2]);
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     *
+     * // using `isSorted`
+     * _.uniq([1, 1, 2], true);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * // using an iteratee function
+     * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 1.5, 2], function(n) {
+     *   return this.floor(n);
+     * }, Math);
+     * // => [1, 2.5]
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
+     */
+      function uniq(array, isSorted, iteratee, thisArg) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (isSorted != null && typeof isSorted != 'boolean') {
+          thisArg = iteratee;
+          iteratee = isIterateeCall(array, isSorted, thisArg) ? undefined : isSorted;
+          isSorted = false;
+        }
+        var callback = getCallback();
+        if (!(iteratee == null && callback === baseCallback)) {
+          iteratee = callback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+        }
+        return isSorted && getIndexOf() === baseIndexOf ? sortedUniq(array, iteratee) : baseUniq(array, iteratee);
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an array of grouped
+     * elements and creates an array regrouping the elements to their pre-zip
+     * configuration.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var zipped = _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
+     * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
+     *
+     * _.unzip(zipped);
+     * // => [['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]]
+     */
+      function unzip(array) {
+        if (!(array && array.length)) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        var index = -1, length = 0;
+        array = arrayFilter(array, function (group) {
+          if (isArrayLike(group)) {
+            length = nativeMax(group.length, length);
+            return true;
+          }
+        });
+        var result = Array(length);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = arrayMap(array, baseProperty(index));
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.unzip` except that it accepts an iteratee to specify
+     * how regrouped values should be combined. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg`
+     * and invoked with four arguments: (accumulator, value, index, group).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function to combine regrouped values.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var zipped = _.zip([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200]);
+     * // => [[1, 10, 100], [2, 20, 200]]
+     *
+     * _.unzipWith(zipped, _.add);
+     * // => [3, 30, 300]
+     */
+      function unzipWith(array, iteratee, thisArg) {
+        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        var result = unzip(array);
+        if (iteratee == null) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4);
+        return arrayMap(result, function (group) {
+          return arrayReduce(group, iteratee, undefined, true);
+        });
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array excluding all provided values using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
+     * @param {...*} [values] The values to exclude.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.without([1, 2, 1, 3], 1, 2);
+     * // => [3]
+     */
+      var without = restParam(function (array, values) {
+          return isArrayLike(array) ? baseDifference(array, values) : [];
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of unique values that is the [symmetric difference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference)
+     * of the provided arrays.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.xor([1, 2], [4, 2]);
+     * // => [1, 4]
+     */
+      function xor() {
+        var index = -1, length = arguments.length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var array = arguments[index];
+          if (isArrayLike(array)) {
+            var result = result ? arrayPush(baseDifference(result, array), baseDifference(array, result)) : array;
+          }
+        }
+        return result ? baseUniq(result) : [];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
+     * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second elements
+     * of the given arrays, and so on.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
+     * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
+     */
+      var zip = restParam(unzip);
+      /**
+     * The inverse of `_.pairs`; this method returns an object composed from arrays
+     * of property names and values. Provide either a single two dimensional array,
+     * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]` or two arrays, one of property names
+     * and one of corresponding values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias object
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} props The property names.
+     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The property values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zipObject([['fred', 30], ['barney', 40]]);
+     * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
+     *
+     * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
+     * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
+     */
+      function zipObject(props, values) {
+        var index = -1, length = props ? props.length : 0, result = {};
+        if (length && !values && !isArray(props[0])) {
+          values = [];
+        }
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          if (values) {
+            result[key] = values[index];
+          } else if (key) {
+            result[key[0]] = key[1];
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an iteratee to specify
+     * how grouped values should be combined. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg`
+     * and invoked with four arguments: (accumulator, value, index, group).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function to combine grouped values.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zipWith([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200], _.add);
+     * // => [111, 222]
+     */
+      var zipWith = restParam(function (arrays) {
+          var length = arrays.length, iteratee = length > 2 ? arrays[length - 2] : undefined, thisArg = length > 1 ? arrays[length - 1] : undefined;
+          if (length > 2 && typeof iteratee == 'function') {
+            length -= 2;
+          } else {
+            iteratee = length > 1 && typeof thisArg == 'function' ? (--length, thisArg) : undefined;
+            thisArg = undefined;
+          }
+          arrays.length = length;
+          return unzipWith(arrays, iteratee, thisArg);
+        });
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps `value` with explicit method
+     * chaining enabled.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * var youngest = _.chain(users)
+     *   .sortBy('age')
+     *   .map(function(chr) {
+     *     return chr.user + ' is ' + chr.age;
+     *   })
+     *   .first()
+     *   .value();
+     * // => 'pebbles is 1'
+     */
+      function chain(value) {
+        var result = lodash(value);
+        result.__chain__ = true;
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor is
+     * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of
+     * this method is to "tap into" a method chain in order to perform operations
+     * on intermediate results within the chain.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
+     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `interceptor`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2, 3])
+     *  .tap(function(array) {
+     *    array.pop();
+     *  })
+     *  .reverse()
+     *  .value();
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     */
+      function tap(value, interceptor, thisArg) {
+        interceptor.call(thisArg, value);
+        return value;
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
+     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `interceptor`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _('  abc  ')
+     *  .chain()
+     *  .trim()
+     *  .thru(function(value) {
+     *    return [value];
+     *  })
+     *  .value();
+     * // => ['abc']
+     */
+      function thru(value, interceptor, thisArg) {
+        return interceptor.call(thisArg, value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
+     *
+     * @name chain
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // without explicit chaining
+     * _(users).first();
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     *
+     * // with explicit chaining
+     * _(users).chain()
+     *   .first()
+     *   .pick('user')
+     *   .value();
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
+     */
+      function wrapperChain() {
+        return chain(this);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Executes the chained sequence and returns the wrapped result.
+     *
+     * @name commit
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2];
+     * var wrapped = _(array).push(3);
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * wrapped = wrapped.commit();
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * wrapped.last();
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      function wrapperCommit() {
+        return new LodashWrapper(this.value(), this.__chain__);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a new array joining a wrapped array with any additional arrays
+     * and/or values.
+     *
+     * @name concat
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @param {...*} [values] The values to concatenate.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1];
+     * var wrapped = _(array).concat(2, [3], [[4]]);
+     *
+     * console.log(wrapped.value());
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1]
+     */
+      var wrapperConcat = restParam(function (values) {
+          values = baseFlatten(values);
+          return this.thru(function (array) {
+            return arrayConcat(isArray(array) ? array : [toObject(array)], values);
+          });
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a clone of the chained sequence planting `value` as the wrapped value.
+     *
+     * @name plant
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2];
+     * var wrapped = _(array).map(function(value) {
+     *   return Math.pow(value, 2);
+     * });
+     *
+     * var other = [3, 4];
+     * var otherWrapped = wrapped.plant(other);
+     *
+     * otherWrapped.value();
+     * // => [9, 16]
+     *
+     * wrapped.value();
+     * // => [1, 4]
+     */
+      function wrapperPlant(value) {
+        var result, parent = this;
+        while (parent instanceof baseLodash) {
+          var clone = wrapperClone(parent);
+          if (result) {
+            previous.__wrapped__ = clone;
+          } else {
+            result = clone;
+          }
+          var previous = clone;
+          parent = parent.__wrapped__;
+        }
+        previous.__wrapped__ = value;
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Reverses the wrapped array so the first element becomes the last, the
+     * second element becomes the second to last, and so on.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates the wrapped array.
+     *
+     * @name reverse
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
+     *
+     * _(array).reverse().value()
+     * // => [3, 2, 1]
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [3, 2, 1]
+     */
+      function wrapperReverse() {
+        var value = this.__wrapped__;
+        var interceptor = function (value) {
+          return value.reverse();
+        };
+        if (value instanceof LazyWrapper) {
+          var wrapped = value;
+          if (this.__actions__.length) {
+            wrapped = new LazyWrapper(this);
+          }
+          wrapped = wrapped.reverse();
+          wrapped.__actions__.push({
+            'func': thru,
+            'args': [interceptor],
+            'thisArg': undefined
+          });
+          return new LodashWrapper(wrapped, this.__chain__);
+        }
+        return this.thru(interceptor);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Produces the result of coercing the unwrapped value to a string.
+     *
+     * @name toString
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Chain
+     * @returns {string} Returns the coerced string value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
+     * // => '1,2,3'
+     */
+      function wrapperToString() {
+        return this.value() + '';
+      }
+      /**
+     * Executes the chained sequence to extract the unwrapped value.
+     *
+     * @name value
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias run, toJSON, valueOf
+     * @category Chain
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      function wrapperValue() {
+        return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of elements corresponding to the given keys, or indexes,
+     * of `collection`. Keys may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
+     * of keys.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [props] The property names
+     *  or indexes of elements to pick, specified individually or in arrays.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c'], [0, 2]);
+     * // => ['a', 'c']
+     *
+     * _.at(['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles'], 0, 2);
+     * // => ['barney', 'pebbles']
+     */
+      var at = restParam(function (collection, props) {
+          return baseAt(collection, baseFlatten(props));
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+     * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
+     * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by `iteratee`.
+     * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
+     *   return Math.floor(n);
+     * });
+     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+     *
+     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
+     *   return this.floor(n);
+     * }, Math);
+     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+     *
+     * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+     * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+     */
+      var countBy = createAggregator(function (result, value, key) {
+          hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? ++result[key] : result[key] = 1;
+        });
+      /**
+     * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
+     * The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias all
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.every(users, 'active', false);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.every(users, 'active');
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function every(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
+        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;
+        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, thisArg)) {
+          predicate = undefined;
+        }
+        if (typeof predicate != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
+          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+        }
+        return func(collection, predicate);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+     * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and
+     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias select
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.filter([4, 5, 6], function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * });
+     * // => [4, 6]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.filter(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => ['fred']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.filter(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     */
+      function filter(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
+        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
+        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+        return func(collection, predicate);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
+     * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and
+     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias detect
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.result(_.find(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.age < 40;
+     * }), 'user');
+     * // => 'barney'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.result(_.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true }), 'user');
+     * // => 'pebbles'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.result(_.find(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => 'fred'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.result(_.find(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => 'barney'
+     */
+      var find = createFind(baseEach);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 1;
+     * });
+     * // => 3
+     */
+      var findLast = createFind(baseEachRight, true);
+      /**
+     * Performs a deep comparison between each element in `collection` and the
+     * source object, returning the first element that has equivalent property
+     * values.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
+     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
+     * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
+     * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.result(_.findWhere(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }), 'user');
+     * // => 'barney'
+     *
+     * _.result(_.findWhere(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': false }), 'user');
+     * // => 'fred'
+     */
+      function findWhere(collection, source) {
+        return find(collection, baseMatches(source));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Iterates over elements of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each element.
+     * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection). Iteratee functions may exit iteration early
+     * by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length" property
+     * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
+     * may be used for object iteration.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias each
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(n) {
+     *   console.log(n);
+     * }).value();
+     * // => logs each value from left to right and returns the array
+     *
+     * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(n, key) {
+     *   console.log(n, key);
+     * });
+     * // => logs each value-key pair and returns the object (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      var forEach = createForEach(arrayEach, baseEach);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias eachRight
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2]).forEachRight(function(n) {
+     *   console.log(n);
+     * }).value();
+     * // => logs each value from right to left and returns the array
+     */
+      var forEachRight = createForEach(arrayEachRight, baseEachRight);
+      /**
+     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+     * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
+     * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
+     * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
+     *   return Math.floor(n);
+     * });
+     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+     *
+     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
+     *   return this.floor(n);
+     * }, Math);
+     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+     * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+     */
+      var groupBy = createAggregator(function (result, value, key) {
+          if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key)) {
+            result[key].push(value);
+          } else {
+            result[key] = [value];
+          }
+        });
+      /**
+     * Checks if `target` is in `collection` using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
+     * from the end of `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias contains, include
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {*} target The value to search for.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.reduce`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if a matching element is found, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.includes({ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.includes('pebbles', 'eb');
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function includes(collection, target, fromIndex, guard) {
+        var length = collection ? getLength(collection) : 0;
+        if (!isLength(length)) {
+          collection = values(collection);
+          length = collection.length;
+        }
+        if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || guard && isIterateeCall(target, fromIndex, guard)) {
+          fromIndex = 0;
+        } else {
+          fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : fromIndex || 0;
+        }
+        return typeof collection == 'string' || !isArray(collection) && isString(collection) ? fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) > -1 : !!length && getIndexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+     * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
+     * of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key. The
+     * iteratee function is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var keyData = [
+     *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
+     *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.indexBy(keyData, 'dir');
+     * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+     *
+     * _.indexBy(keyData, function(object) {
+     *   return String.fromCharCode(object.code);
+     * });
+     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+     *
+     * _.indexBy(keyData, function(object) {
+     *   return this.fromCharCode(object.code);
+     * }, String);
+     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+     */
+      var indexBy = createAggregator(function (result, value, key) {
+          result[key] = value;
+        });
+      /**
+     * Invokes the method at `path` of each element in `collection`, returning
+     * an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional arguments
+     * are provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it's
+     * invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Array|Function|string} path The path of the method to invoke or
+     *  the function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+     * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+     *
+     * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+     * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+     */
+      var invoke = restParam(function (collection, path, args) {
+          var index = -1, isFunc = typeof path == 'function', isProp = isKey(path), result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];
+          baseEach(collection, function (value) {
+            var func = isFunc ? path : isProp && value != null ? value[path] : undefined;
+            result[++index] = func ? func.apply(value, args) : invokePath(value, path, args);
+          });
+          return result;
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` through
+     * `iteratee`. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
+     * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
+     *
+     * The guarded methods are:
+     * `ary`, `callback`, `chunk`, `clone`, `create`, `curry`, `curryRight`,
+     * `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`, `fill`, `flatten`, `invert`, `max`, `min`,
+     * `parseInt`, `slice`, `sortBy`, `take`, `takeRight`, `template`, `trim`,
+     * `trimLeft`, `trimRight`, `trunc`, `random`, `range`, `sample`, `some`,
+     * `sum`, `uniq`, and `words`
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias collect
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function timesThree(n) {
+     *   return n * 3;
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.map([1, 2], timesThree);
+     * // => [3, 6]
+     *
+     * _.map({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, timesThree);
+     * // => [3, 6] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.map(users, 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
+     */
+      function map(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
+        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;
+        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+        return func(collection, iteratee);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of elements split into two groups, the first of which
+     * contains elements `predicate` returns truthy for, while the second of which
+     * contains elements `predicate` returns falsey for. The predicate is bound
+     * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of grouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.partition([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2;
+     * });
+     * // => [[1, 3], [2]]
+     *
+     * _.partition([1.2, 2.3, 3.4], function(n) {
+     *   return this.floor(n) % 2;
+     * }, Math);
+     * // => [[1.2, 3.4], [2.3]]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * var mapper = function(array) {
+     *   return _.pluck(array, 'user');
+     * };
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.map(_.partition(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': false }), mapper);
+     * // => [['pebbles'], ['barney', 'fred']]
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.map(_.partition(users, 'active', false), mapper);
+     * // => [['barney', 'pebbles'], ['fred']]
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.map(_.partition(users, 'active'), mapper);
+     * // => [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
+     */
+      var partition = createAggregator(function (result, value, key) {
+          result[key ? 0 : 1].push(value);
+        }, function () {
+          return [
+            [],
+            []
+          ];
+        });
+      /**
+     * Gets the property value of `path` from all elements in `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to pluck.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the property values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.pluck(users, 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * var userIndex = _.indexBy(users, 'user');
+     * _.pluck(userIndex, 'age');
+     * // => [36, 40] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      function pluck(collection, path) {
+        return map(collection, property(path));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
+     * each element in `collection` through `iteratee`, where each successive
+     * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
+     * is not provided the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
+     * value. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with four arguments:
+     * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
+     * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
+     *
+     * The guarded methods are:
+     * `assign`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `includes`, `merge`, `sortByAll`,
+     * and `sortByOrder`
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias foldl, inject
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.reduce([1, 2], function(total, n) {
+     *   return total + n;
+     * });
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(result, n, key) {
+     *   result[key] = n * 3;
+     *   return result;
+     * }, {});
+     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      var reduce = createReduce(arrayReduce, baseEach);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias foldr
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+     *
+     * _.reduceRight(array, function(flattened, other) {
+     *   return flattened.concat(other);
+     * }, []);
+     * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+     */
+      var reduceRight = createReduce(arrayReduceRight, baseEachRight);
+      /**
+     * The opposite of `_.filter`; this method returns the elements of `collection`
+     * that `predicate` does **not** return truthy for.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * });
+     * // => [1, 3]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true }), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.reject(users, 'active', false), 'user');
+     * // => ['fred']
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.reject(users, 'active'), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     */
+      function reject(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
+        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
+        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+        return func(collection, function (value, index, collection) {
+          return !predicate(value, index, collection);
+        });
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
+     * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the random sample(s).
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
+     * // => [3, 1]
+     */
+      function sample(collection, n, guard) {
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(collection, n, guard) : n == null) {
+          collection = toIterable(collection);
+          var length = collection.length;
+          return length > 0 ? collection[baseRandom(0, length - 1)] : undefined;
+        }
+        var index = -1, result = toArray(collection), length = result.length, lastIndex = length - 1;
+        n = nativeMin(n < 0 ? 0 : +n || 0, length);
+        while (++index < n) {
+          var rand = baseRandom(index, lastIndex), value = result[rand];
+          result[rand] = result[index];
+          result[index] = value;
+        }
+        result.length = n;
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the
+     * [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new shuffled array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+     * // => [4, 1, 3, 2]
+     */
+      function shuffle(collection) {
+        return sample(collection, POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the size of `collection` by returning its length for array-like
+     * values or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the size of `collection`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.size([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * _.size('pebbles');
+     * // => 7
+     */
+      function size(collection) {
+        var length = collection ? getLength(collection) : 0;
+        return isLength(length) ? length : keys(collection).length;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
+     * The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and does not iterate
+     * over the entire collection. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+     * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias any
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.some(users, 'active', false);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.some(users, 'active');
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function some(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
+        var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;
+        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, thisArg)) {
+          predicate = undefined;
+        }
+        if (typeof predicate != 'function' || thisArg !== undefined) {
+          predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
+        }
+        return func(collection, predicate);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
+     * running each element in a collection through `iteratee`. This method performs
+     * a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of equal elements.
+     * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return Math.sin(n);
+     * });
+     * // => [3, 1, 2]
+     *
+     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
+     *   return this.sin(n);
+     * }, Math);
+     * // => [3, 1, 2]
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'fred' },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles' },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney' }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.pluck(_.sortBy(users, 'user'), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
+     */
+      function sortBy(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
+        if (collection == null) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
+          iteratee = undefined;
+        }
+        var index = -1;
+        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+        var result = baseMap(collection, function (value, key, collection) {
+            return {
+              'criteria': iteratee(value, key, collection),
+              'index': ++index,
+              'value': value
+            };
+          });
+        return baseSortBy(result, compareAscending);
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortBy` except that it can sort by multiple iteratees
+     * or property names.
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for an iteratee the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for an iteratee the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[]|Object|Object[]|string|string[])} iteratees
+     *  The iteratees to sort by, specified as individual values or arrays of values.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.map(_.sortByAll(users, ['user', 'age']), _.values);
+     * // => [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 42], ['fred', 48]]
+     *
+     * _.map(_.sortByAll(users, 'user', function(chr) {
+     *   return Math.floor(chr.age / 10);
+     * }), _.values);
+     * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
+     */
+      var sortByAll = restParam(function (collection, iteratees) {
+          if (collection == null) {
+            return [];
+          }
+          var guard = iteratees[2];
+          if (guard && isIterateeCall(iteratees[0], iteratees[1], guard)) {
+            iteratees.length = 1;
+          }
+          return baseSortByOrder(collection, baseFlatten(iteratees), []);
+        });
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortByAll` except that it allows specifying the
+     * sort orders of the iteratees to sort by. If `orders` is unspecified, all
+     * values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise, a value is sorted in
+     * ascending order if its corresponding order is "asc", and descending if "desc".
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for an iteratee the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for an iteratee the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.
+     * @param {boolean[]} [orders] The sort orders of `iteratees`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.reduce`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // sort by `user` in ascending order and by `age` in descending order
+     * _.map(_.sortByOrder(users, ['user', 'age'], ['asc', 'desc']), _.values);
+     * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
+     */
+      function sortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders, guard) {
+        if (collection == null) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(iteratees, orders, guard)) {
+          orders = undefined;
+        }
+        if (!isArray(iteratees)) {
+          iteratees = iteratees == null ? [] : [iteratees];
+        }
+        if (!isArray(orders)) {
+          orders = orders == null ? [] : [orders];
+        }
+        return baseSortByOrder(collection, iteratees, orders);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Performs a deep comparison between each element in `collection` and the
+     * source object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
+     * property values.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
+     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
+     * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
+     * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.pluck(_.where(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': false }), 'user');
+     * // => ['barney']
+     *
+     * _.pluck(_.where(users, { 'pets': ['dino'] }), 'user');
+     * // => ['fred']
+     */
+      function where(collection, source) {
+        return filter(collection, baseMatches(source));
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Gets the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch
+     * (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Date
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defer(function(stamp) {
+     *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
+     * }, _.now());
+     * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked
+     */
+      var now = nativeNow || function () {
+          return new Date().getTime();
+        };
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * The opposite of `_.before`; this method creates a function that invokes
+     * `func` once it's called `n` or more times.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {number} n The number of calls before `func` is invoked.
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
+     *
+     * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
+     *   console.log('done saving!');
+     * });
+     *
+     * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
+     *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
+     * });
+     * // => logs 'done saving!' after the two async saves have completed
+     */
+      function after(n, func) {
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          if (typeof n == 'function') {
+            var temp = n;
+            n = func;
+            func = temp;
+          } else {
+            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+          }
+        }
+        n = nativeIsFinite(n = +n) ? n : 0;
+        return function () {
+          if (--n < 1) {
+            return func.apply(this, arguments);
+          }
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that accepts up to `n` arguments ignoring any
+     * additional arguments.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
+     * @param {number} [n=func.length] The arity cap.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.ary(parseInt, 1));
+     * // => [6, 8, 10]
+     */
+      function ary(func, n, guard) {
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, n, guard)) {
+          n = undefined;
+        }
+        n = func && n == null ? func.length : nativeMax(+n || 0, 0);
+        return createWrapper(func, ARY_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, n);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
+     * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
+     * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * jQuery('#add').on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
+     * // => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list
+     */
+      function before(n, func) {
+        var result;
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          if (typeof n == 'function') {
+            var temp = n;
+            n = func;
+            func = temp;
+          } else {
+            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+          }
+        }
+        return function () {
+          if (--n > 0) {
+            result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+          }
+          if (n <= 1) {
+            func = undefined;
+          }
+          return result;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
+     * and prepends any additional `_.bind` arguments to those provided to the
+     * bound function.
+     *
+     * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
+     * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind` this method does not set the "length"
+     * property of bound functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
+     *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
+     * };
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     *
+     * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
+     * bound('!');
+     * // => 'hi fred!'
+     *
+     * // using placeholders
+     * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
+     * bound('hi');
+     * // => 'hi fred!'
+     */
+      var bind = restParam(function (func, thisArg, partials) {
+          var bitmask = BIND_FLAG;
+          if (partials.length) {
+            var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bind.placeholder);
+            bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
+          }
+          return createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders);
+        });
+      /**
+     * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
+     * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
+     * of method names. If no method names are provided all enumerable function
+     * properties, own and inherited, of `object` are bound.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of bound functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
+     * @param {...(string|string[])} [methodNames] The object method names to bind,
+     *  specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var view = {
+     *   'label': 'docs',
+     *   'onClick': function() {
+     *     console.log('clicked ' + this.label);
+     *   }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.bindAll(view);
+     * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
+     * // => logs 'clicked docs' when the element is clicked
+     */
+      var bindAll = restParam(function (object, methodNames) {
+          methodNames = methodNames.length ? baseFlatten(methodNames) : functions(object);
+          var index = -1, length = methodNames.length;
+          while (++index < length) {
+            var key = methodNames[index];
+            object[key] = createWrapper(object[key], BIND_FLAG, object);
+          }
+          return object;
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes the method at `object[key]` and prepends
+     * any additional `_.bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound function.
+     *
+     * This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to reference
+     * methods that may be redefined or don't yet exist.
+     * See [Peter Michaux's article](http://peter.michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * The `_.bindKey.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the method.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = {
+     *   'user': 'fred',
+     *   'greet': function(greeting, punctuation) {
+     *     return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
+     *   }
+     * };
+     *
+     * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
+     * bound('!');
+     * // => 'hi fred!'
+     *
+     * object.greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
+     *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.user + punctuation;
+     * };
+     *
+     * bound('!');
+     * // => 'hiya fred!'
+     *
+     * // using placeholders
+     * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', _, '!');
+     * bound('hi');
+     * // => 'hiya fred!'
+     */
+      var bindKey = restParam(function (object, key, partials) {
+          var bitmask = BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG;
+          if (partials.length) {
+            var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bindKey.placeholder);
+            bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
+          }
+          return createWrapper(key, bitmask, object, partials, holders);
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
+     * called either invokes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
+     * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
+     * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` may be specified
+     * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
+     *
+     * The `_.curry.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
+     * may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of curried functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
+     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return [a, b, c];
+     * };
+     *
+     * var curried = _.curry(abc);
+     *
+     * curried(1)(2)(3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(1, 2)(3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(1, 2, 3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * // using placeholders
+     * curried(1)(_, 3)(2);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      var curry = createCurry(CURRY_FLAG);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.curry` except that arguments are applied to `func`
+     * in the manner of `_.partialRight` instead of `_.partial`.
+     *
+     * The `_.curryRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of curried functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
+     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return [a, b, c];
+     * };
+     *
+     * var curried = _.curryRight(abc);
+     *
+     * curried(3)(2)(1);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(2, 3)(1);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(1, 2, 3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * // using placeholders
+     * curried(3)(1, _)(2);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+      var curryRight = createCurry(CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG);
+      /**
+     * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
+     * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
+     * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
+     * delayed invocations. Provide an options object to indicate that `func`
+     * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout.
+     * Subsequent calls to the debounced function return the result of the last
+     * `func` invocation.
+     *
+     * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
+     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
+     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+     *
+     * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
+     * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
+     * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
+     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify invoking on the leading
+     *  edge of the timeout.
+     * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be
+     *  delayed before it's invoked.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
+     *  edge of the timeout.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
+     * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
+     *
+     * // invoke `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
+     * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
+     *   'leading': true,
+     *   'trailing': false
+     * }));
+     *
+     * // ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls
+     * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
+     * jQuery(source).on('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
+     *   'maxWait': 1000
+     * }));
+     *
+     * // cancel a debounced call
+     * var todoChanges = _.debounce(batchLog, 1000);
+     * Object.observe(models.todo, todoChanges);
+     *
+     * Object.observe(models, function(changes) {
+     *   if (_.find(changes, { 'user': 'todo', 'type': 'delete'})) {
+     *     todoChanges.cancel();
+     *   }
+     * }, ['delete']);
+     *
+     * // ...at some point `models.todo` is changed
+     * models.todo.completed = true;
+     *
+     * // ...before 1 second has passed `models.todo` is deleted
+     * // which cancels the debounced `todoChanges` call
+     * delete models.todo;
+     */
+      function debounce(func, wait, options) {
+        var args, maxTimeoutId, result, stamp, thisArg, timeoutId, trailingCall, lastCalled = 0, maxWait = false, trailing = true;
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        wait = wait < 0 ? 0 : +wait || 0;
+        if (options === true) {
+          var leading = true;
+          trailing = false;
+        } else if (isObject(options)) {
+          leading = !!options.leading;
+          maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && nativeMax(+options.maxWait || 0, wait);
+          trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
+        }
+        function cancel() {
+          if (timeoutId) {
+            clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+          }
+          if (maxTimeoutId) {
+            clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
+          }
+          lastCalled = 0;
+          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
+        }
+        function complete(isCalled, id) {
+          if (id) {
+            clearTimeout(id);
+          }
+          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
+          if (isCalled) {
+            lastCalled = now();
+            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+            if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
+              args = thisArg = undefined;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        function delayed() {
+          var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
+          if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
+            complete(trailingCall, maxTimeoutId);
+          } else {
+            timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
+          }
+        }
+        function maxDelayed() {
+          complete(trailing, timeoutId);
+        }
+        function debounced() {
+          args = arguments;
+          stamp = now();
+          thisArg = this;
+          trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);
+          if (maxWait === false) {
+            var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
+          } else {
+            if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
+              lastCalled = stamp;
+            }
+            var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled), isCalled = remaining <= 0 || remaining > maxWait;
+            if (isCalled) {
+              if (maxTimeoutId) {
+                maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
+              }
+              lastCalled = stamp;
+              result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+            } else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
+              maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
+            }
+          }
+          if (isCalled && timeoutId) {
+            timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+          } else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
+            timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
+          }
+          if (leadingCall) {
+            isCalled = true;
+            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+          }
+          if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
+            args = thisArg = undefined;
+          }
+          return result;
+        }
+        debounced.cancel = cancel;
+        return debounced;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Defers invoking the `func` until the current call stack has cleared. Any
+     * additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defer(function(text) {
+     *   console.log(text);
+     * }, 'deferred');
+     * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
+     */
+      var defer = restParam(function (func, args) {
+          return baseDelay(func, 1, args);
+        });
+      /**
+     * Invokes `func` after `wait` milliseconds. Any additional arguments are
+     * provided to `func` when it's invoked.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.delay(function(text) {
+     *   console.log(text);
+     * }, 1000, 'later');
+     * // => logs 'later' after one second
+     */
+      var delay = restParam(function (func, wait, args) {
+          return baseDelay(func, wait, args);
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the provided
+     * functions with the `this` binding of the created function, where each
+     * successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {...Function} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var addSquare = _.flow(_.add, square);
+     * addSquare(1, 2);
+     * // => 9
+     */
+      var flow = createFlow();
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.flow` except that it creates a function that
+     * invokes the provided functions from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias backflow, compose
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {...Function} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var addSquare = _.flowRight(square, _.add);
+     * addSquare(1, 2);
+     * // => 9
+     */
+      var flowRight = createFlow(true);
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
+     * provided it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the
+     * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument
+     * provided to the memoized function is coerced to a string and used as the
+     * cache key. The `func` is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized
+     * function.
+     *
+     * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized
+     * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`
+     * constructor with one whose instances implement the [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)
+     * method interface of `get`, `has`, and `set`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
+     * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var upperCase = _.memoize(function(string) {
+     *   return string.toUpperCase();
+     * });
+     *
+     * upperCase('fred');
+     * // => 'FRED'
+     *
+     * // modifying the result cache
+     * upperCase.cache.set('fred', 'BARNEY');
+     * upperCase('fred');
+     * // => 'BARNEY'
+     *
+     * // replacing `_.memoize.Cache`
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     * var other = { 'user': 'barney' };
+     * var identity = _.memoize(_.identity);
+     *
+     * identity(object);
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * identity(other);
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     *
+     * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;
+     * var identity = _.memoize(_.identity);
+     *
+     * identity(object);
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * identity(other);
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
+     */
+      function memoize(func, resolver) {
+        if (typeof func != 'function' || resolver && typeof resolver != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        var memoized = function () {
+          var args = arguments, key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0], cache = memoized.cache;
+          if (cache.has(key)) {
+            return cache.get(key);
+          }
+          var result = func.apply(this, args);
+          memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result);
+          return result;
+        };
+        memoized.cache = new memoize.Cache();
+        return memoized;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that runs each argument through a corresponding
+     * transform function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [transforms] The functions to transform
+     * arguments, specified as individual functions or arrays of functions.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function doubled(n) {
+     *   return n * 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var modded = _.modArgs(function(x, y) {
+     *   return [x, y];
+     * }, square, doubled);
+     *
+     * modded(1, 2);
+     * // => [1, 4]
+     *
+     * modded(5, 10);
+     * // => [25, 20]
+     */
+      var modArgs = restParam(function (func, transforms) {
+          transforms = baseFlatten(transforms);
+          if (typeof func != 'function' || !arrayEvery(transforms, baseIsFunction)) {
+            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+          }
+          var length = transforms.length;
+          return restParam(function (args) {
+            var index = nativeMin(args.length, length);
+            while (index--) {
+              args[index] = transforms[index](args[index]);
+            }
+            return func.apply(this, args);
+          });
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate `func`. The
+     * `func` predicate is invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the
+     * created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} predicate The predicate to negate.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function isEven(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
+     * // => [1, 3, 5]
+     */
+      function negate(predicate) {
+        if (typeof predicate != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        return function () {
+          return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
+     * to the function return the value of the first call. The `func` is invoked
+     * with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+     * initialize();
+     * initialize();
+     * // `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once
+     */
+      function once(func) {
+        return before(2, func);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with `partial` arguments prepended
+     * to those provided to the new function. This method is like `_.bind` except
+     * it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
+     *
+     * The `_.partial.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of partially
+     * applied functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
+     *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
+     * };
+     *
+     * var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'hello');
+     * sayHelloTo('fred');
+     * // => 'hello fred'
+     *
+     * // using placeholders
+     * var greetFred = _.partial(greet, _, 'fred');
+     * greetFred('hi');
+     * // => 'hi fred'
+     */
+      var partial = createPartial(PARTIAL_FLAG);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.partial` except that partially applied arguments
+     * are appended to those provided to the new function.
+     *
+     * The `_.partialRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method does not set the "length" property of partially
+     * applied functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
+     *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
+     * };
+     *
+     * var greetFred = _.partialRight(greet, 'fred');
+     * greetFred('hi');
+     * // => 'hi fred'
+     *
+     * // using placeholders
+     * var sayHelloTo = _.partialRight(greet, 'hello', _);
+     * sayHelloTo('fred');
+     * // => 'hello fred'
+     */
+      var partialRight = createPartial(PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments arranged according
+     * to the specified indexes where the argument value at the first index is
+     * provided as the first argument, the argument value at the second index is
+     * provided as the second argument, and so on.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to rearrange arguments for.
+     * @param {...(number|number[])} indexes The arranged argument indexes,
+     *  specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var rearged = _.rearg(function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return [a, b, c];
+     * }, 2, 0, 1);
+     *
+     * rearged('b', 'c', 'a')
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
+     *
+     * var map = _.rearg(_.map, [1, 0]);
+     * map(function(n) {
+     *   return n * 3;
+     * }, [1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [3, 6, 9]
+     */
+      var rearg = restParam(function (func, indexes) {
+          return createWrapper(func, REARG_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, baseFlatten(indexes));
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
+     * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as an array.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on the [rest parameter](https://developer.mozilla.org/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
+     * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var say = _.restParam(function(what, names) {
+     *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
+     *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
+     * });
+     *
+     * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
+     * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
+     */
+      function restParam(func, start) {
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? func.length - 1 : +start || 0, 0);
+        return function () {
+          var args = arguments, index = -1, length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0), rest = Array(length);
+          while (++index < length) {
+            rest[index] = args[start + index];
+          }
+          switch (start) {
+          case 0:
+            return func.call(this, rest);
+          case 1:
+            return func.call(this, args[0], rest);
+          case 2:
+            return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], rest);
+          }
+          var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
+          index = -1;
+          while (++index < start) {
+            otherArgs[index] = args[index];
+          }
+          otherArgs[start] = rest;
+          return func.apply(this, otherArgs);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the created
+     * function and an array of arguments much like [`Function#apply`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.3).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on the [spread operator](https://developer.mozilla.org/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to spread arguments over.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var say = _.spread(function(who, what) {
+     *   return who + ' says ' + what;
+     * });
+     *
+     * say(['fred', 'hello']);
+     * // => 'fred says hello'
+     *
+     * // with a Promise
+     * var numbers = Promise.all([
+     *   Promise.resolve(40),
+     *   Promise.resolve(36)
+     * ]);
+     *
+     * numbers.then(_.spread(function(x, y) {
+     *   return x + y;
+     * }));
+     * // => a Promise of 76
+     */
+      function spread(func) {
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        return function (array) {
+          return func.apply(this, array);
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
+     * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
+     * method to cancel delayed invocations. Provide an options object to indicate
+     * that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the
+     * `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
+     * result of the last `func` call.
+     *
+     * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
+     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
+     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+     *
+     * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
+     * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
+     * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
+     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify invoking on the leading
+     *  edge of the timeout.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
+     *  edge of the timeout.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
+     * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
+     *
+     * // invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
+     * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
+     *   'trailing': false
+     * }));
+     *
+     * // cancel a trailing throttled call
+     * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
+     */
+      function throttle(func, wait, options) {
+        var leading = true, trailing = true;
+        if (typeof func != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        if (options === false) {
+          leading = false;
+        } else if (isObject(options)) {
+          leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
+          trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
+        }
+        return debounce(func, wait, {
+          'leading': leading,
+          'maxWait': +wait,
+          'trailing': trailing
+        });
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
+     * first argument. Any additional arguments provided to the function are
+     * appended to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is invoked
+     * with the `this` binding of the created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
+     *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
+     * });
+     *
+     * p('fred, barney, & pebbles');
+     * // => '<p>fred, barney, &amp; pebbles</p>'
+     */
+      function wrap(value, wrapper) {
+        wrapper = wrapper == null ? identity : wrapper;
+        return createWrapper(wrapper, PARTIAL_FLAG, undefined, [value], []);
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Creates a clone of `value`. If `isDeep` is `true` nested objects are cloned,
+     * otherwise they are assigned by reference. If `customizer` is provided it's
+     * invoked to produce the cloned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
+     * cloning is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to
+     * `thisArg` and invoked with up to three argument; (value [, index|key, object]).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
+     * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
+     * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
+     * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
+     * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
+     * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * var shallow = _.clone(users);
+     * shallow[0] === users[0];
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * var deep = _.clone(users, true);
+     * deep[0] === users[0];
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // using a customizer callback
+     * var el = _.clone(document.body, function(value) {
+     *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
+     *     return value.cloneNode(false);
+     *   }
+     * });
+     *
+     * el === document.body
+     * // => false
+     * el.nodeName
+     * // => BODY
+     * el.childNodes.length;
+     * // => 0
+     */
+      function clone(value, isDeep, customizer, thisArg) {
+        if (isDeep && typeof isDeep != 'boolean' && isIterateeCall(value, isDeep, customizer)) {
+          isDeep = false;
+        } else if (typeof isDeep == 'function') {
+          thisArg = customizer;
+          customizer = isDeep;
+          isDeep = false;
+        }
+        return typeof customizer == 'function' ? baseClone(value, isDeep, bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3)) : baseClone(value, isDeep);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If `customizer` is provided it's invoked
+     * to produce the cloned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined` cloning
+     * is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg`
+     * and invoked with up to three argument; (value [, index|key, object]).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
+     * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
+     * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
+     * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
+     * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
+     * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * var deep = _.cloneDeep(users);
+     * deep[0] === users[0];
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // using a customizer callback
+     * var el = _.cloneDeep(document.body, function(value) {
+     *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
+     *     return value.cloneNode(true);
+     *   }
+     * });
+     *
+     * el === document.body
+     * // => false
+     * el.nodeName
+     * // => BODY
+     * el.childNodes.length;
+     * // => 20
+     */
+      function cloneDeep(value, customizer, thisArg) {
+        return typeof customizer == 'function' ? baseClone(value, true, bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3)) : baseClone(value, true);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is greater than `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.gt(3, 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.gt(3, 3);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.gt(1, 3);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function gt(value, other) {
+        return value > other;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.gte(3, 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.gte(3, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.gte(1, 3);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function gte(value, other) {
+        return value >= other;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as an `arguments` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isArguments(value) {
+        return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') && !propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee');
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArray(function() { return arguments; }());
+     * // => false
+     */
+      var isArray = nativeIsArray || function (value) {
+          return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && objToString.call(value) == arrayTag;
+        };
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isBoolean(false);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isBoolean(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isBoolean(value) {
+        return value === true || value === false || isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == boolTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Date` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isDate(new Date);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isDate(value) {
+        return isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == dateTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isElement(document.body);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isElement('<body>');
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isElement(value) {
+        return !!value && value.nodeType === 1 && isObjectLike(value) && !isPlainObject(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is empty. A value is considered empty unless it's an
+     * `arguments` object, array, string, or jQuery-like collection with a length
+     * greater than `0` or an object with own enumerable properties.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty(null);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty(true);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty(1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isEmpty(value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        if (isArrayLike(value) && (isArray(value) || isString(value) || isArguments(value) || isObjectLike(value) && isFunction(value.splice))) {
+          return !value.length;
+        }
+        return !keys(value).length;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+     * equivalent. If `customizer` is provided it's invoked to compare values.
+     * If `customizer` returns `undefined` comparisons are handled by the method
+     * instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with up to
+     * three arguments: (value, other [, index|key]).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
+     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
+     * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM nodes
+     * are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend support
+     * for comparing other values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias eq
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize value comparisons.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     *
+     * object == other;
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isEqual(object, other);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * // using a customizer callback
+     * var array = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
+     * var other = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
+     *
+     * _.isEqual(array, other, function(value, other) {
+     *   if (_.every([value, other], RegExp.prototype.test, /^h(?:i|ello)$/)) {
+     *     return true;
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function isEqual(value, other, customizer, thisArg) {
+        customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3) : undefined;
+        var result = customizer ? customizer(value, other) : undefined;
+        return result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer) : !!result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is an `Error`, `EvalError`, `RangeError`, `ReferenceError`,
+     * `SyntaxError`, `TypeError`, or `URIError` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an error object, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isError(new Error);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isError(Error);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isError(value) {
+        return isObjectLike(value) && typeof value.message == 'string' && objToString.call(value) == errorTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a finite primitive number.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isFinite`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.isfinite).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(10);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isFinite('10');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(true);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(Object(10));
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isFinite(value) {
+        return typeof value == 'number' && nativeIsFinite(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isFunction(_);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isFunction(/abc/);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isFunction(value) {
+        // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
+        // in older versions of Chrome and Safari which return 'function' for regexes
+        // and Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array constructors.
+        return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == funcTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is the [language type](https://es5.github.io/#x8) of `Object`.
+     * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isObject({});
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject(1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isObject(value) {
+        // Avoid a V8 JIT bug in Chrome 19-20.
+        // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291 for more details.
+        var type = typeof value;
+        return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
+      }
+      /**
+     * Performs a deep comparison between `object` and `source` to determine if
+     * `object` contains equivalent property values. If `customizer` is provided
+     * it's invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
+     * comparisons are handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound
+     * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, other, index|key).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing properties of arrays, booleans,
+     * `Date` objects, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Functions
+     * and DOM nodes are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend
+     * support for comparing other values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize value comparisons.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
+     *
+     * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 40 });
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 36 });
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // using a customizer callback
+     * var object = { 'greeting': 'hello' };
+     * var source = { 'greeting': 'hi' };
+     *
+     * _.isMatch(object, source, function(value, other) {
+     *   return _.every([value, other], RegExp.prototype.test, /^h(?:i|ello)$/) || undefined;
+     * });
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function isMatch(object, source, customizer, thisArg) {
+        customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3) : undefined;
+        return baseIsMatch(object, getMatchData(source), customizer);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is not the same as [`isNaN`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4)
+     * which returns `true` for `undefined` and other non-numeric values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNaN(NaN);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * isNaN(undefined);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNaN(undefined);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isNaN(value) {
+        // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.
+        // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE.
+        return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a native function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNative(_);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isNative(value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (isFunction(value)) {
+          return reIsNative.test(fnToString.call(value));
+        }
+        return isObjectLike(value) && reIsHostCtor.test(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNull(null);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNull(void 0);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isNull(value) {
+        return value === null;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are classified
+     * as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNumber(8.4);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNumber(NaN);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNumber('8.4');
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isNumber(value) {
+        return typeof value == 'number' || isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == numberTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
+     * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method assumes objects created by the `Object` constructor
+     * have no inherited enumerable properties.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function isPlainObject(value) {
+        var Ctor;
+        // Exit early for non `Object` objects.
+        if (!(isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == objectTag && !isArguments(value)) || !hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'constructor') && (Ctor = value.constructor, typeof Ctor == 'function' && !(Ctor instanceof Ctor))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first
+        // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited
+        // enumerable properties.
+        var result;
+        // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
+        // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
+        // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
+        baseForIn(value, function (subValue, key) {
+          result = key;
+        });
+        return result === undefined || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `RegExp` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isRegExp(/abc/);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isRegExp('/abc/');
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isRegExp(value) {
+        return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == regexpTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isString('abc');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isString(1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isString(value) {
+        return typeof value == 'string' || isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == stringTag;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isTypedArray([]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isTypedArray(value) {
+        return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[objToString.call(value)];
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isUndefined(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function isUndefined(value) {
+        return value === undefined;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is less than `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lt(1, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.lt(3, 3);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.lt(3, 1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function lt(value, other) {
+        return value < other;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `value` is less than or equal to `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than or equal to `other`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lte(1, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.lte(3, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.lte(3, 1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function lte(value, other) {
+        return value <= other;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `value` to an array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * (function() {
+     *   return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1);
+     * }(1, 2, 3));
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     */
+      function toArray(value) {
+        var length = value ? getLength(value) : 0;
+        if (!isLength(length)) {
+          return values(value);
+        }
+        if (!length) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        return arrayCopy(value);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `value` to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable
+     * properties of `value` to own properties of the plain object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the converted plain object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     *
+     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }
+     */
+      function toPlainObject(value) {
+        return baseCopy(value, keysIn(value));
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
+     * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
+     * overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If `customizer` is
+     * provided it's invoked to produce the merged values of the destination and
+     * source properties. If `customizer` returns `undefined` merging is handled
+     * by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+     * with five arguments: (objectValue, sourceValue, key, object, source).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'data': [{ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'user': 'fred' }]
+     * };
+     *
+     * var ages = {
+     *   'data': [{ 'age': 36 }, { 'age': 40 }]
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.merge(users, ages);
+     * // => { 'data': [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
+     *
+     * // using a customizer callback
+     * var object = {
+     *   'fruits': ['apple'],
+     *   'vegetables': ['beet']
+     * };
+     *
+     * var other = {
+     *   'fruits': ['banana'],
+     *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.merge(object, other, function(a, b) {
+     *   if (_.isArray(a)) {
+     *     return a.concat(b);
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot'] }
+     */
+      var merge = createAssigner(baseMerge);
+      /**
+     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+     * object. Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
+     * If `customizer` is provided it's invoked to produce the assigned values.
+     * The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with five arguments:
+     * (objectValue, sourceValue, key, object, source).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object` and is based on
+     * [`Object.assign`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.assign).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias extend
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.assign({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 40 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
+     *
+     * // using a customizer callback
+     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(value, other) {
+     *   return _.isUndefined(value) ? other : value;
+     * });
+     *
+     * defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     */
+      var assign = createAssigner(function (object, source, customizer) {
+          return customizer ? assignWith(object, source, customizer) : baseAssign(object, source);
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates an object that inherits from the given `prototype` object. If a
+     * `properties` object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned
+     * to the created object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
+     * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Shape() {
+     *   this.x = 0;
+     *   this.y = 0;
+     * }
+     *
+     * function Circle() {
+     *   Shape.call(this);
+     * }
+     *
+     * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, {
+     *   'constructor': Circle
+     * });
+     *
+     * var circle = new Circle;
+     * circle instanceof Circle;
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * circle instanceof Shape;
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function create(prototype, properties, guard) {
+        var result = baseCreate(prototype);
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(prototype, properties, guard)) {
+          properties = undefined;
+        }
+        return properties ? baseAssign(result, properties) : result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+     * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
+     * property is set, additional values of the same property are ignored.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     */
+      var defaults = createDefaults(assign, assignDefaults);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.defaults` except that it recursively assigns
+     * default properties.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defaultsDeep({ 'user': { 'name': 'barney' } }, { 'user': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 36 } });
+     * // => { 'user': { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 } }
+     *
+     */
+      var defaultsDeep = createDefaults(merge, mergeDefaults);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the key of the first
+     * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
+     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.findKey(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.age < 40;
+     * });
+     * // => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
+     * // => 'pebbles'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.findKey(users, 'active', false);
+     * // => 'fred'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.findKey(users, 'active');
+     * // => 'barney'
+     */
+      var findKey = createFindKey(baseForOwn);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * a collection in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
+     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.findLastKey(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.age < 40;
+     * });
+     * // => returns `pebbles` assuming `_.findKey` returns `barney`
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
+     * _.findLastKey(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
+     * // => 'barney'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
+     * _.findLastKey(users, 'active', false);
+     * // => 'fred'
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.findLastKey(users, 'active');
+     * // => 'pebbles'
+     */
+      var findLastKey = createFindKey(baseForOwnRight);
+      /**
+     * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object invoking
+     * `iteratee` for each property. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+     * with three arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit
+     * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forIn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => logs 'a', 'b', and 'c' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      var forIn = createForIn(baseFor);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over properties of
+     * `object` in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forInRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => logs 'c', 'b', and 'a' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'a', 'b', and 'c'
+     */
+      var forInRight = createForIn(baseForRight);
+      /**
+     * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object invoking `iteratee`
+     * for each property. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+     * three arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration
+     * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => logs 'a' and 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      var forOwn = createForOwn(baseForOwn);
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over properties of
+     * `object` in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forOwnRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => logs 'b' and 'a' assuming `_.forOwn` logs 'a' and 'b'
+     */
+      var forOwnRight = createForOwn(baseForOwnRight);
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of function property names from all enumerable properties,
+     * own and inherited, of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias methods
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of property names.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.functions(_);
+     * // => ['after', 'ary', 'assign', ...]
+     */
+      function functions(object) {
+        return baseFunctions(object, keysIn(object));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Gets the property value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is
+     * `undefined` the `defaultValue` is used in its place.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
+     *
+     * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
+     * // => 'default'
+     */
+      function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
+        var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, toPath(path), path + '');
+        return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `path` is a direct property.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` is a direct property, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 3 } } };
+     *
+     * _.has(object, 'a');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.has(object, 'a.b.c');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.has(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function has(object, path) {
+        if (object == null) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        var result = hasOwnProperty.call(object, path);
+        if (!result && !isKey(path)) {
+          path = toPath(path);
+          object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
+          if (object == null) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          path = last(path);
+          result = hasOwnProperty.call(object, path);
+        }
+        return result || isLength(object.length) && isIndex(path, object.length) && (isArray(object) || isArguments(object));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of `object`.
+     * If `object` contains duplicate values, subsequent values overwrite property
+     * assignments of previous values unless `multiValue` is `true`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+     * @param {boolean} [multiValue] Allow multiple values per key.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new inverted object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };
+     *
+     * _.invert(object);
+     * // => { '1': 'c', '2': 'b' }
+     *
+     * // with `multiValue`
+     * _.invert(object, true);
+     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
+     */
+      function invert(object, multiValue, guard) {
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(object, multiValue, guard)) {
+          multiValue = undefined;
+        }
+        var index = -1, props = keys(object), length = props.length, result = {};
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index], value = object[key];
+          if (multiValue) {
+            if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, value)) {
+              result[value].push(key);
+            } else {
+              result[value] = [key];
+            }
+          } else {
+            result[value] = key;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
+     * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.keys(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * _.keys('hi');
+     * // => ['0', '1']
+     */
+      var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function (object) {
+          var Ctor = object == null ? undefined : object.constructor;
+          if (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype === object || typeof object != 'function' && isArrayLike(object)) {
+            return shimKeys(object);
+          }
+          return isObject(object) ? nativeKeys(object) : [];
+        };
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.keysIn(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      function keysIn(object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        if (!isObject(object)) {
+          object = Object(object);
+        }
+        var length = object.length;
+        length = length && isLength(length) && (isArray(object) || isArguments(object)) && length || 0;
+        var Ctor = object.constructor, index = -1, isProto = typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype === object, result = Array(length), skipIndexes = length > 0;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = index + '';
+        }
+        for (var key in object) {
+          if (!(skipIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) && !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
+            result.push(key);
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The opposite of `_.mapValues`; this method creates an object with the
+     * same values as `object` and keys generated by running each own enumerable
+     * property of `object` through `iteratee`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.mapKeys({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
+     *   return key + value;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'a1': 1, 'b2': 2 }
+     */
+      var mapKeys = createObjectMapper(true);
+      /**
+     * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by
+     * running each own enumerable property of `object` through `iteratee`. The
+     * iteratee function is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, key, object).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
+     *  per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.mapValues({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(n) {
+     *   return n * 3;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 }
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
+     *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
+     * };
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.mapValues(users, 'age');
+     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      var mapValues = createObjectMapper();
+      /**
+     * The opposite of `_.pick`; this method creates an object composed of the
+     * own and inherited enumerable properties of `object` that are not omitted.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {Function|...(string|string[])} [predicate] The function invoked per
+     *  iteration or property names to omit, specified as individual property
+     *  names or arrays of property names.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
+     *
+     * _.omit(object, 'age');
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     *
+     * _.omit(object, _.isNumber);
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     */
+      var omit = restParam(function (object, props) {
+          if (object == null) {
+            return {};
+          }
+          if (typeof props[0] != 'function') {
+            var props = arrayMap(baseFlatten(props), String);
+            return pickByArray(object, baseDifference(keysIn(object), props));
+          }
+          var predicate = bindCallback(props[0], props[1], 3);
+          return pickByCallback(object, function (value, key, object) {
+            return !predicate(value, key, object);
+          });
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a two dimensional array of the key-value pairs for `object`,
+     * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of key-value pairs.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.pairs({ 'barney': 36, 'fred': 40 });
+     * // => [['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      function pairs(object) {
+        object = toObject(object);
+        var index = -1, props = keys(object), length = props.length, result = Array(length);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var key = props[index];
+          result[index] = [
+            key,
+            object[key]
+          ];
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties. Property
+     * names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property
+     * names. If `predicate` is provided it's invoked for each property of `object`
+     * picking the properties `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is
+     * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, key, object).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {Function|...(string|string[])} [predicate] The function invoked per
+     *  iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
+     *  names or arrays of property names.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
+     *
+     * _.pick(object, 'user');
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     *
+     * _.pick(object, _.isString);
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     */
+      var pick = restParam(function (object, props) {
+          if (object == null) {
+            return {};
+          }
+          return typeof props[0] == 'function' ? pickByCallback(object, bindCallback(props[0], props[1], 3)) : pickByArray(object, baseFlatten(props));
+        });
+      /**
+     * This method is like `_.get` except that if the resolved value is a function
+     * it's invoked with the `this` binding of its parent object and its result
+     * is returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to resolve.
+     * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c1': 3, 'c2': _.constant(4) } }] };
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c1');
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c2');
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
+     * // => 'default'
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', _.constant('default'));
+     * // => 'default'
+     */
+      function result(object, path, defaultValue) {
+        var result = object == null ? undefined : object[path];
+        if (result === undefined) {
+          if (object != null && !isKey(path, object)) {
+            path = toPath(path);
+            object = path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
+            result = object == null ? undefined : object[last(path)];
+          }
+          result = result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
+        }
+        return isFunction(result) ? result.call(object) : result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Sets the property value of `path` on `object`. If a portion of `path`
+     * does not exist it's created.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to augment.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
+     *
+     * _.set(object, 'a[0].b.c', 4);
+     * console.log(object.a[0].b.c);
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.set(object, 'x[0].y.z', 5);
+     * console.log(object.x[0].y.z);
+     * // => 5
+     */
+      function set(object, path, value) {
+        if (object == null) {
+          return object;
+        }
+        var pathKey = path + '';
+        path = object[pathKey] != null || isKey(path, object) ? [pathKey] : toPath(path);
+        var index = -1, length = path.length, lastIndex = length - 1, nested = object;
+        while (nested != null && ++index < length) {
+          var key = path[index];
+          if (isObject(nested)) {
+            if (index == lastIndex) {
+              nested[key] = value;
+            } else if (nested[key] == null) {
+              nested[key] = isIndex(path[index + 1]) ? [] : {};
+            }
+          }
+          nested = nested[key];
+        }
+        return object;
+      }
+      /**
+     * An alternative to `_.reduce`; this method transforms `object` to a new
+     * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own enumerable
+     * properties through `iteratee`, with each invocation potentially mutating
+     * the `accumulator` object. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+     * with four arguments: (accumulator, value, key, object). Iteratee functions
+     * may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.transform([2, 3, 4], function(result, n) {
+     *   result.push(n *= n);
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * });
+     * // => [4, 9]
+     *
+     * _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(result, n, key) {
+     *   result[key] = n * 3;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 }
+     */
+      function transform(object, iteratee, accumulator, thisArg) {
+        var isArr = isArray(object) || isTypedArray(object);
+        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4);
+        if (accumulator == null) {
+          if (isArr || isObject(object)) {
+            var Ctor = object.constructor;
+            if (isArr) {
+              accumulator = isArray(object) ? new Ctor() : [];
+            } else {
+              accumulator = baseCreate(isFunction(Ctor) ? Ctor.prototype : undefined);
+            }
+          } else {
+            accumulator = {};
+          }
+        }
+        (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(object, function (value, index, object) {
+          return iteratee(accumulator, value, index, object);
+        });
+        return accumulator;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.values(new Foo);
+     * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * _.values('hi');
+     * // => ['h', 'i']
+     */
+      function values(object) {
+        return baseValues(object, keys(object));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property values
+     * of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.valuesIn(new Foo);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+      function valuesIn(object) {
+        return baseValues(object, keysIn(object));
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Checks if `n` is between `start` and up to but not including, `end`. If
+     * `end` is not specified it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Number
+     * @param {number} n The number to check.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `n` is in the range, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.inRange(3, 2, 4);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.inRange(4, 8);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.inRange(4, 2);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.inRange(2, 2);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.inRange(1.2, 2);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.inRange(5.2, 4);
+     * // => false
+     */
+      function inRange(value, start, end) {
+        start = +start || 0;
+        if (end === undefined) {
+          end = start;
+          start = 0;
+        } else {
+          end = +end || 0;
+        }
+        return value >= nativeMin(start, end) && value < nativeMax(start, end);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
+     * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number is returned.
+     * If `floating` is `true`, or either `min` or `max` are floats, a floating-point
+     * number is returned instead of an integer.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Number
+     * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
+     * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
+     * @param {boolean} [floating] Specify returning a floating-point number.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.random(0, 5);
+     * // => an integer between 0 and 5
+     *
+     * _.random(5);
+     * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
+     *
+     * _.random(5, true);
+     * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
+     *
+     * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
+     * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
+     */
+      function random(min, max, floating) {
+        if (floating && isIterateeCall(min, max, floating)) {
+          max = floating = undefined;
+        }
+        var noMin = min == null, noMax = max == null;
+        if (floating == null) {
+          if (noMax && typeof min == 'boolean') {
+            floating = min;
+            min = 1;
+          } else if (typeof max == 'boolean') {
+            floating = max;
+            noMax = true;
+          }
+        }
+        if (noMin && noMax) {
+          max = 1;
+          noMax = false;
+        }
+        min = +min || 0;
+        if (noMax) {
+          max = min;
+          min = 0;
+        } else {
+          max = +max || 0;
+        }
+        if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {
+          var rand = nativeRandom();
+          return nativeMin(min + rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand + '').length - 1))), max);
+        }
+        return baseRandom(min, max);
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Converts `string` to [camel case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the camel cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.camelCase('Foo Bar');
+     * // => 'fooBar'
+     *
+     * _.camelCase('--foo-bar');
+     * // => 'fooBar'
+     *
+     * _.camelCase('__foo_bar__');
+     * // => 'fooBar'
+     */
+      var camelCase = createCompounder(function (result, word, index) {
+          word = word.toLowerCase();
+          return result + (index ? word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1) : word);
+        });
+      /**
+     * Capitalizes the first character of `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to capitalize.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the capitalized string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.capitalize('fred');
+     * // => 'Fred'
+     */
+      function capitalize(string) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        return string && string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Deburrs `string` by converting [latin-1 supplementary letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)#Character_table)
+     * to basic latin letters and removing [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to deburr.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the deburred string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.deburr('déjà vu');
+     * // => 'deja vu'
+     */
+      function deburr(string) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        return string && string.replace(reLatin1, deburrLetter).replace(reComboMark, '');
+      }
+      /**
+     * Checks if `string` ends with the given target string.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
+     * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
+     * @param {number} [position=string.length] The position to search from.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` ends with `target`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.endsWith('abc', 'c');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.endsWith('abc', 'b');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.endsWith('abc', 'b', 2);
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function endsWith(string, target, position) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        target = target + '';
+        var length = string.length;
+        position = position === undefined ? length : nativeMin(position < 0 ? 0 : +position || 0, length);
+        position -= target.length;
+        return position >= 0 && string.indexOf(target, position) == position;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "\`", in `string` to
+     * their corresponding HTML entities.
+     *
+     * **Note:** No other characters are escaped. To escape additional characters
+     * use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
+     *
+     * Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like
+     * ">" and "/" don't need escaping in HTML and have no special meaning
+     * unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value.
+     * See [Mathias Bynens's article](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands)
+     * (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.
+     *
+     * Backticks are escaped because in Internet Explorer < 9, they can break out
+     * of attribute values or HTML comments. See [#59](https://html5sec.org/#59),
+     * [#102](https://html5sec.org/#102), [#108](https://html5sec.org/#108), and
+     * [#133](https://html5sec.org/#133) of the [HTML5 Security Cheatsheet](https://html5sec.org/)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * When working with HTML you should always [quote attribute values](http://wonko.com/post/html-escaping)
+     * to reduce XSS vectors.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
+     * // => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'
+     */
+      function escape(string) {
+        // Reset `lastIndex` because in IE < 9 `String#replace` does not.
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        return string && reHasUnescapedHtml.test(string) ? string.replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar) : string;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Escapes the `RegExp` special characters "\", "/", "^", "$", ".", "|", "?",
+     * "*", "+", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{" and "}" in `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.escapeRegExp('[lodash](https://lodash.com/)');
+     * // => '\[lodash\]\(https:\/\/lodash\.com\/\)'
+     */
+      function escapeRegExp(string) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        return string && reHasRegExpChars.test(string) ? string.replace(reRegExpChars, escapeRegExpChar) : string || '(?:)';
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `string` to [kebab case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Special_case_styles).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the kebab cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.kebabCase('Foo Bar');
+     * // => 'foo-bar'
+     *
+     * _.kebabCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'foo-bar'
+     *
+     * _.kebabCase('__foo_bar__');
+     * // => 'foo-bar'
+     */
+      var kebabCase = createCompounder(function (result, word, index) {
+          return result + (index ? '-' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
+        });
+      /**
+     * Pads `string` on the left and right sides if it's shorter than `length`.
+     * Padding characters are truncated if they can't be evenly divided by `length`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.pad('abc', 8);
+     * // => '  abc   '
+     *
+     * _.pad('abc', 8, '_-');
+     * // => '_-abc_-_'
+     *
+     * _.pad('abc', 3);
+     * // => 'abc'
+     */
+      function pad(string, length, chars) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        length = +length;
+        var strLength = string.length;
+        if (strLength >= length || !nativeIsFinite(length)) {
+          return string;
+        }
+        var mid = (length - strLength) / 2, leftLength = nativeFloor(mid), rightLength = nativeCeil(mid);
+        chars = createPadding('', rightLength, chars);
+        return chars.slice(0, leftLength) + string + chars;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Pads `string` on the left side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
+     * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.padLeft('abc', 6);
+     * // => '   abc'
+     *
+     * _.padLeft('abc', 6, '_-');
+     * // => '_-_abc'
+     *
+     * _.padLeft('abc', 3);
+     * // => 'abc'
+     */
+      var padLeft = createPadDir();
+      /**
+     * Pads `string` on the right side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
+     * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.padRight('abc', 6);
+     * // => 'abc   '
+     *
+     * _.padRight('abc', 6, '_-');
+     * // => 'abc_-_'
+     *
+     * _.padRight('abc', 3);
+     * // => 'abc'
+     */
+      var padRight = createPadDir(true);
+      /**
+     * Converts `string` to an integer of the specified radix. If `radix` is
+     * `undefined` or `0`, a `radix` of `10` is used unless `value` is a hexadecimal,
+     * in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method aligns with the [ES5 implementation](https://es5.github.io/#E)
+     * of `parseInt`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} string The string to convert.
+     * @param {number} [radix] The radix to interpret `value` by.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.parseInt('08');
+     * // => 8
+     *
+     * _.map(['6', '08', '10'], _.parseInt);
+     * // => [6, 8, 10]
+     */
+      function parseInt(string, radix, guard) {
+        // Firefox < 21 and Opera < 15 follow ES3 for `parseInt`.
+        // Chrome fails to trim leading <BOM> whitespace characters.
+        // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3109 for more details.
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(string, radix, guard) : radix == null) {
+          radix = 0;
+        } else if (radix) {
+          radix = +radix;
+        }
+        string = trim(string);
+        return nativeParseInt(string, radix || (reHasHexPrefix.test(string) ? 16 : 10));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Repeats the given string `n` times.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to repeat.
+     * @param {number} [n=0] The number of times to repeat the string.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the repeated string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.repeat('*', 3);
+     * // => '***'
+     *
+     * _.repeat('abc', 2);
+     * // => 'abcabc'
+     *
+     * _.repeat('abc', 0);
+     * // => ''
+     */
+      function repeat(string, n) {
+        var result = '';
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        n = +n;
+        if (n < 1 || !string || !nativeIsFinite(n)) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        // Leverage the exponentiation by squaring algorithm for a faster repeat.
+        // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring for more details.
+        do {
+          if (n % 2) {
+            result += string;
+          }
+          n = nativeFloor(n / 2);
+          string += string;
+        } while (n);
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Converts `string` to [snake case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the snake cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.snakeCase('Foo Bar');
+     * // => 'foo_bar'
+     *
+     * _.snakeCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'foo_bar'
+     *
+     * _.snakeCase('--foo-bar');
+     * // => 'foo_bar'
+     */
+      var snakeCase = createCompounder(function (result, word, index) {
+          return result + (index ? '_' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
+        });
+      /**
+     * Converts `string` to [start case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Stylistic_or_specialised_usage).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the start cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.startCase('--foo-bar');
+     * // => 'Foo Bar'
+     *
+     * _.startCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'Foo Bar'
+     *
+     * _.startCase('__foo_bar__');
+     * // => 'Foo Bar'
+     */
+      var startCase = createCompounder(function (result, word, index) {
+          return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + (word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1));
+        });
+      /**
+     * Checks if `string` starts with the given target string.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
+     * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
+     * @param {number} [position=0] The position to search from.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` starts with `target`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.startsWith('abc', 'a');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.startsWith('abc', 'b');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1);
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function startsWith(string, target, position) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        position = position == null ? 0 : nativeMin(position < 0 ? 0 : +position || 0, string.length);
+        return string.lastIndexOf(target, position) == position;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a compiled template function that can interpolate data properties
+     * in "interpolate" delimiters, HTML-escape interpolated data properties in
+     * "escape" delimiters, and execute JavaScript in "evaluate" delimiters. Data
+     * properties may be accessed as free variables in the template. If a setting
+     * object is provided it takes precedence over `_.templateSettings` values.
+     *
+     * **Note:** In the development build `_.template` utilizes
+     * [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl)
+     * for easier debugging.
+     *
+     * For more information on precompiling templates see
+     * [lodash's custom builds documentation](https://lodash.com/custom-builds).
+     *
+     * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see
+     * [Chrome's extensions documentation](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/sandboxingEval).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The template string.
+     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+     * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The HTML "escape" delimiter.
+     * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
+     * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as free variables.
+     * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
+     * @param {string} [options.sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
+     * @param {string} [options.variable] The data object variable name.
+     * @param- {Object} [otherOptions] Enables the legacy `options` param signature.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled template function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
+     * // => 'hello fred!'
+     *
+     * // using the HTML "escape" delimiter to escape data property values
+     * var compiled = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
+     * compiled({ 'value': '<script>' });
+     * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
+     *
+     * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to execute JavaScript and generate HTML
+     * var compiled = _.template('<% _.forEach(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>');
+     * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
+     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
+     *
+     * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
+     * var compiled = _.template('<% print("hello " + user); %>!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'barney' });
+     * // => 'hello barney!'
+     *
+     * // using the ES delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello ${ user }!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'pebbles' });
+     * // => 'hello pebbles!'
+     *
+     * // using custom template delimiters
+     * _.templateSettings.interpolate = /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g;
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello {{ user }}!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'mustache' });
+     * // => 'hello mustache!'
+     *
+     * // using backslashes to treat delimiters as plain text
+     * var compiled = _.template('<%= "\\<%- value %\\>" %>');
+     * compiled({ 'value': 'ignored' });
+     * // => '<%- value %>'
+     *
+     * // using the `imports` option to import `jQuery` as `jq`
+     * var text = '<% jq.each(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>';
+     * var compiled = _.template(text, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
+     * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
+     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
+     *
+     * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!', { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
+     * compiled(data);
+     * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
+     *
+     * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
+     * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.user %>!', { 'variable': 'data' });
+     * compiled.source;
+     * // => function(data) {
+     * //   var __t, __p = '';
+     * //   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.user )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
+     * //   return __p;
+     * // }
+     *
+     * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
+     * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
+     * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
+     *   var JST = {\
+     *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
+     *   };\
+     * ');
+     */
+      function template(string, options, otherOptions) {
+        // Based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation (http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/)
+        // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js (https://github.com/olado/doT).
+        var settings = lodash.templateSettings;
+        if (otherOptions && isIterateeCall(string, options, otherOptions)) {
+          options = otherOptions = undefined;
+        }
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        options = assignWith(baseAssign({}, otherOptions || options), settings, assignOwnDefaults);
+        var imports = assignWith(baseAssign({}, options.imports), settings.imports, assignOwnDefaults), importsKeys = keys(imports), importsValues = baseValues(imports, importsKeys);
+        var isEscaping, isEvaluating, index = 0, interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch, source = '__p += \'';
+        // Compile the regexp to match each delimiter.
+        var reDelimiters = RegExp((options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' + interpolate.source + '|' + (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' + (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$', 'g');
+        // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
+        var sourceURL = '//# sourceURL=' + ('sourceURL' in options ? options.sourceURL : 'lodash.templateSources[' + ++templateCounter + ']') + '\n';
+        string.replace(reDelimiters, function (match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
+          interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);
+          // Escape characters that can't be included in string literals.
+          source += string.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);
+          // Replace delimiters with snippets.
+          if (escapeValue) {
+            isEscaping = true;
+            source += '\' +\n__e(' + escapeValue + ') +\n\'';
+          }
+          if (evaluateValue) {
+            isEvaluating = true;
+            source += '\';\n' + evaluateValue + ';\n__p += \'';
+          }
+          if (interpolateValue) {
+            source += '\' +\n((__t = (' + interpolateValue + ')) == null ? \'\' : __t) +\n\'';
+          }
+          index = offset + match.length;
+          // The JS engine embedded in Adobe products requires returning the `match`
+          // string in order to produce the correct `offset` value.
+          return match;
+        });
+        source += '\';\n';
+        // If `variable` is not specified wrap a with-statement around the generated
+        // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain.
+        var variable = options.variable;
+        if (!variable) {
+          source = 'with (obj) {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
+        }
+        // Cleanup code by stripping empty strings.
+        source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source).replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1').replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');
+        // Frame code as the function body.
+        source = 'function(' + (variable || 'obj') + ') {\n' + (variable ? '' : 'obj || (obj = {});\n') + 'var __t, __p = \'\'' + (isEscaping ? ', __e = _.escape' : '') + (isEvaluating ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' + 'function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, \'\') }\n' : ';\n') + source + 'return __p\n}';
+        var result = attempt(function () {
+            return Function(importsKeys, sourceURL + 'return ' + source).apply(undefined, importsValues);
+          });
+        // Provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method or
+        // the `source` property as a convenience for inlining compiled templates.
+        result.source = source;
+        if (isError(result)) {
+          throw result;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trim('  abc  ');
+     * // => 'abc'
+     *
+     * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => 'abc'
+     *
+     * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
+     * // => ['foo', 'bar']
+     */
+      function trim(string, chars, guard) {
+        var value = string;
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        if (!string) {
+          return string;
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
+          return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string), trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
+        }
+        chars = chars + '';
+        return string.slice(charsLeftIndex(string, chars), charsRightIndex(string, chars) + 1);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Removes leading whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trimLeft('  abc  ');
+     * // => 'abc  '
+     *
+     * _.trimLeft('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => 'abc-_-'
+     */
+      function trimLeft(string, chars, guard) {
+        var value = string;
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        if (!string) {
+          return string;
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
+          return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string));
+        }
+        return string.slice(charsLeftIndex(string, chars + ''));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Removes trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trimRight('  abc  ');
+     * // => '  abc'
+     *
+     * _.trimRight('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => '-_-abc'
+     */
+      function trimRight(string, chars, guard) {
+        var value = string;
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        if (!string) {
+          return string;
+        }
+        if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
+          return string.slice(0, trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
+        }
+        return string.slice(0, charsRightIndex(string, chars + '') + 1);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Truncates `string` if it's longer than the given maximum string length.
+     * The last characters of the truncated string are replaced with the omission
+     * string which defaults to "...".
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to truncate.
+     * @param {Object|number} [options] The options object or maximum string length.
+     * @param {number} [options.length=30] The maximum string length.
+     * @param {string} [options.omission='...'] The string to indicate text is omitted.
+     * @param {RegExp|string} [options.separator] The separator pattern to truncate to.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the truncated string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino');
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neighbo...'
+     *
+     * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', 24);
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, n...'
+     *
+     * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
+     *   'length': 24,
+     *   'separator': ' '
+     * });
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there,...'
+     *
+     * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
+     *   'length': 24,
+     *   'separator': /,? +/
+     * });
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there...'
+     *
+     * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
+     *   'omission': ' [...]'
+     * });
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neig [...]'
+     */
+      function trunc(string, options, guard) {
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, options, guard)) {
+          options = undefined;
+        }
+        var length = DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH, omission = DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION;
+        if (options != null) {
+          if (isObject(options)) {
+            var separator = 'separator' in options ? options.separator : separator;
+            length = 'length' in options ? +options.length || 0 : length;
+            omission = 'omission' in options ? baseToString(options.omission) : omission;
+          } else {
+            length = +options || 0;
+          }
+        }
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        if (length >= string.length) {
+          return string;
+        }
+        var end = length - omission.length;
+        if (end < 1) {
+          return omission;
+        }
+        var result = string.slice(0, end);
+        if (separator == null) {
+          return result + omission;
+        }
+        if (isRegExp(separator)) {
+          if (string.slice(end).search(separator)) {
+            var match, newEnd, substring = string.slice(0, end);
+            if (!separator.global) {
+              separator = RegExp(separator.source, (reFlags.exec(separator) || '') + 'g');
+            }
+            separator.lastIndex = 0;
+            while (match = separator.exec(substring)) {
+              newEnd = match.index;
+            }
+            result = result.slice(0, newEnd == null ? end : newEnd);
+          }
+        } else if (string.indexOf(separator, end) != end) {
+          var index = result.lastIndexOf(separator);
+          if (index > -1) {
+            result = result.slice(0, index);
+          }
+        }
+        return result + omission;
+      }
+      /**
+     * The inverse of `_.escape`; this method converts the HTML entities
+     * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, `&#39;`, and `&#96;` in `string` to their
+     * corresponding characters.
+     *
+     * **Note:** No other HTML entities are unescaped. To unescape additional HTML
+     * entities use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to unescape.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.unescape('fred, barney, &amp; pebbles');
+     * // => 'fred, barney, & pebbles'
+     */
+      function unescape(string) {
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        return string && reHasEscapedHtml.test(string) ? string.replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar) : string;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Splits `string` into an array of its words.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to inspect.
+     * @param {RegExp|string} [pattern] The pattern to match words.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the words of `string`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles');
+     * // => ['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles', /[^, ]+/g);
+     * // => ['fred', 'barney', '&', 'pebbles']
+     */
+      function words(string, pattern, guard) {
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, pattern, guard)) {
+          pattern = undefined;
+        }
+        string = baseToString(string);
+        return string.match(pattern || reWords) || [];
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Attempts to invoke `func`, returning either the result or the caught error
+     * object. Any additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Function} func The function to attempt.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the `func` result or error object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // avoid throwing errors for invalid selectors
+     * var elements = _.attempt(function(selector) {
+     *   return document.querySelectorAll(selector);
+     * }, '>_>');
+     *
+     * if (_.isError(elements)) {
+     *   elements = [];
+     * }
+     */
+      var attempt = restParam(function (func, args) {
+          try {
+            return func.apply(undefined, args);
+          } catch (e) {
+            return isError(e) ? e : new Error(e);
+          }
+        });
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
+     * and arguments of the created function. If `func` is a property name the
+     * created callback returns the property value for a given element. If `func`
+     * is an object the created callback returns `true` for elements that contain
+     * the equivalent object properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @alias iteratee
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
+     * _.callback = _.wrap(_.callback, function(callback, func, thisArg) {
+     *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(func);
+     *   if (!match) {
+     *     return callback(func, thisArg);
+     *   }
+     *   return function(object) {
+     *     return match[2] == 'gt'
+     *       ? object[match[1]] > match[3]
+     *       : object[match[1]] < match[3];
+     *   };
+     * });
+     *
+     * _.filter(users, 'age__gt36');
+     * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
+     */
+      function callback(func, thisArg, guard) {
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, thisArg, guard)) {
+          thisArg = undefined;
+        }
+        return isObjectLike(func) ? matches(func) : baseCallback(func, thisArg);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that returns `value`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     * var getter = _.constant(object);
+     *
+     * getter() === object;
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function constant(value) {
+        return function () {
+          return value;
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {*} value Any value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     *
+     * _.identity(object) === object;
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function identity(value) {
+        return value;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that performs a deep comparison between a given object
+     * and `source`, returning `true` if the given object has equivalent property
+     * values, else `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
+     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
+     * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
+     * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.filter(users, _.matches({ 'age': 40, 'active': false }));
+     * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'active': false }]
+     */
+      function matches(source) {
+        return baseMatches(baseClone(source, true));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that compares the property value of `path` on a given
+     * object to `value`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
+     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
+     * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.find(users, _.matchesProperty('user', 'fred'));
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
+     */
+      function matchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
+        return baseMatchesProperty(path, baseClone(srcValue, true));
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes the method at `path` on a given object.
+     * Any additional arguments are provided to the invoked method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(2) } } },
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': _.constant(1) } } }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.map(objects, _.method('a.b.c'));
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     *
+     * _.invoke(_.sortBy(objects, _.method(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+      var method = restParam(function (path, args) {
+          return function (object) {
+            return invokePath(object, path, args);
+          };
+        });
+      /**
+     * The opposite of `_.method`; this method creates a function that invokes
+     * the method at a given path on `object`. Any additional arguments are
+     * provided to the invoked method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = _.times(3, _.constant),
+     *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
+     *
+     * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.methodOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     *
+     * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.methodOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     */
+      var methodOf = restParam(function (object, args) {
+          return function (path) {
+            return invokePath(object, path, args);
+          };
+        });
+      /**
+     * Adds all own enumerable function properties of a source object to the
+     * destination object. If `object` is a function then methods are added to
+     * its prototype as well.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function to
+     * avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
+     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added
+     *  are chainable.
+     * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function vowels(string) {
+     *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
+     *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
+     *   });
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
+     * _.vowels('fred');
+     * // => ['e']
+     *
+     * _('fred').vowels().value();
+     * // => ['e']
+     *
+     * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
+     * _('fred').vowels();
+     * // => ['e']
+     */
+      function mixin(object, source, options) {
+        if (options == null) {
+          var isObj = isObject(source), props = isObj ? keys(source) : undefined, methodNames = props && props.length ? baseFunctions(source, props) : undefined;
+          if (!(methodNames ? methodNames.length : isObj)) {
+            methodNames = false;
+            options = source;
+            source = object;
+            object = this;
+          }
+        }
+        if (!methodNames) {
+          methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
+        }
+        var chain = true, index = -1, isFunc = isFunction(object), length = methodNames.length;
+        if (options === false) {
+          chain = false;
+        } else if (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) {
+          chain = options.chain;
+        }
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var methodName = methodNames[index], func = source[methodName];
+          object[methodName] = func;
+          if (isFunc) {
+            object.prototype[methodName] = function (func) {
+              return function () {
+                var chainAll = this.__chain__;
+                if (chain || chainAll) {
+                  var result = object(this.__wrapped__), actions = result.__actions__ = arrayCopy(this.__actions__);
+                  actions.push({
+                    'func': func,
+                    'args': arguments,
+                    'thisArg': object
+                  });
+                  result.__chain__ = chainAll;
+                  return result;
+                }
+                return func.apply(object, arrayPush([this.value()], arguments));
+              };
+            }(func);
+          }
+        }
+        return object;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Reverts the `_` variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
+     * the `lodash` function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var lodash = _.noConflict();
+     */
+      function noConflict() {
+        root._ = oldDash;
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+     * A no-operation function that returns `undefined` regardless of the
+     * arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     *
+     * _.noop(object) === undefined;
+     * // => true
+     */
+      function noop() {
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates a function that returns the property value at `path` on a
+     * given object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 2 } } },
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 1 } } }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b.c'));
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     *
+     * _.pluck(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b', 'c'])), 'a.b.c');
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+      function property(path) {
+        return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(path) : basePropertyDeep(path);
+      }
+      /**
+     * The opposite of `_.property`; this method creates a function that returns
+     * the property value at a given path on `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [0, 1, 2],
+     *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
+     *
+     * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.propertyOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     *
+     * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.propertyOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     */
+      function propertyOf(object) {
+        return function (path) {
+          return baseGet(object, toPath(path), path + '');
+        };
+      }
+      /**
+     * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
+     * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. If `end` is not specified it's
+     * set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`. If `end` is less than `start`
+     * a zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of numbers.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.range(4);
+     * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.range(1, 5);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
+     *
+     * _.range(0, 20, 5);
+     * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
+     *
+     * _.range(0, -4, -1);
+     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
+     *
+     * _.range(1, 4, 0);
+     * // => [1, 1, 1]
+     *
+     * _.range(0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+      function range(start, end, step) {
+        if (step && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {
+          end = step = undefined;
+        }
+        start = +start || 0;
+        step = step == null ? 1 : +step || 0;
+        if (end == null) {
+          end = start;
+          start = 0;
+        } else {
+          end = +end || 0;
+        }
+        // Use `Array(length)` so engines like Chakra and V8 avoid slower modes.
+        // See https://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s for more details.
+        var index = -1, length = nativeMax(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0), result = Array(length);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          result[index] = start;
+          start += step;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Invokes the iteratee function `n` times, returning an array of the results
+     * of each invocation. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+     * one argument; (index).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6, false));
+     * // => [3, 6, 4]
+     *
+     * _.times(3, function(n) {
+     *   mage.castSpell(n);
+     * });
+     * // => invokes `mage.castSpell(n)` three times with `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2`
+     *
+     * _.times(3, function(n) {
+     *   this.cast(n);
+     * }, mage);
+     * // => also invokes `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
+     */
+      function times(n, iteratee, thisArg) {
+        n = nativeFloor(n);
+        // Exit early to avoid a JSC JIT bug in Safari 8
+        // where `Array(0)` is treated as `Array(1)`.
+        if (n < 1 || !nativeIsFinite(n)) {
+          return [];
+        }
+        var index = -1, result = Array(nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH));
+        iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 1);
+        while (++index < n) {
+          if (index < MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
+            result[index] = iteratee(index);
+          } else {
+            iteratee(index);
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      /**
+     * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID is appended to it.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Utility
+     * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.uniqueId('contact_');
+     * // => 'contact_104'
+     *
+     * _.uniqueId();
+     * // => '105'
+     */
+      function uniqueId(prefix) {
+        var id = ++idCounter;
+        return baseToString(prefix) + id;
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * Adds two numbers.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} augend The first number to add.
+     * @param {number} addend The second number to add.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.add(6, 4);
+     * // => 10
+     */
+      function add(augend, addend) {
+        return (+augend || 0) + (+addend || 0);
+      }
+      /**
+     * Calculates `n` rounded up to `precision`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} n The number to round up.
+     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round up to.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded up number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.ceil(4.006);
+     * // => 5
+     *
+     * _.ceil(6.004, 2);
+     * // => 6.01
+     *
+     * _.ceil(6040, -2);
+     * // => 6100
+     */
+      var ceil = createRound('ceil');
+      /**
+     * Calculates `n` rounded down to `precision`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} n The number to round down.
+     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round down to.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded down number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.floor(4.006);
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.floor(0.046, 2);
+     * // => 0.04
+     *
+     * _.floor(4060, -2);
+     * // => 4000
+     */
+      var floor = createRound('floor');
+      /**
+     * Gets the maximum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
+     * `-Infinity` is returned. If an iteratee function is provided it's invoked
+     * for each value in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value
+     * is ranked. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, index, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+     * // => 8
+     *
+     * _.max([]);
+     * // => -Infinity
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.max(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.age;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.max(users, 'age');
+     * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
+     */
+      var max = createExtremum(gt, NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+      /**
+     * Gets the minimum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
+     * `Infinity` is returned. If an iteratee function is provided it's invoked
+     * for each value in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value
+     * is ranked. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, index, collection).
+     *
+     * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
+     * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
+     *
+     * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
+     * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
+     * value, else `false`.
+     *
+     * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
+     * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
+     * object, else `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * _.min([]);
+     * // => Infinity
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.min(users, function(chr) {
+     *   return chr.age;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.min(users, 'age');
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     */
+      var min = createExtremum(lt, POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      /**
+     * Calculates `n` rounded to `precision`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} n The number to round.
+     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round to.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.round(4.006);
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.round(4.006, 2);
+     * // => 4.01
+     *
+     * _.round(4060, -2);
+     * // => 4100
+     */
+      var round = createRound('round');
+      /**
+     * Gets the sum of the values in `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sum([4, 6]);
+     * // => 10
+     *
+     * _.sum({ 'a': 4, 'b': 6 });
+     * // => 10
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'n': 4 },
+     *   { 'n': 6 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.sum(objects, function(object) {
+     *   return object.n;
+     * });
+     * // => 10
+     *
+     * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
+     * _.sum(objects, 'n');
+     * // => 10
+     */
+      function sum(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
+        if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
+          iteratee = undefined;
+        }
+        iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
+        return iteratee.length == 1 ? arraySum(isArray(collection) ? collection : toIterable(collection), iteratee) : baseSum(collection, iteratee);
+      }
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      // Ensure wrappers are instances of `baseLodash`.
+      lodash.prototype = baseLodash.prototype;
+      LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
+      LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;
+      LazyWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.constructor = LazyWrapper;
+      // Add functions to the `Map` cache.
+      MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapDelete;
+      MapCache.prototype.get = mapGet;
+      MapCache.prototype.has = mapHas;
+      MapCache.prototype.set = mapSet;
+      // Add functions to the `Set` cache.
+      SetCache.prototype.push = cachePush;
+      // Assign cache to `_.memoize`.
+      memoize.Cache = MapCache;
+      // Add functions that return wrapped values when chaining.
+      lodash.after = after;
+      lodash.ary = ary;
+      lodash.assign = assign;
+      lodash.at = at;
+      lodash.before = before;
+      lodash.bind = bind;
+      lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
+      lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
+      lodash.callback = callback;
+      lodash.chain = chain;
+      lodash.chunk = chunk;
+      lodash.compact = compact;
+      lodash.constant = constant;
+      lodash.countBy = countBy;
+      lodash.create = create;
+      lodash.curry = curry;
+      lodash.curryRight = curryRight;
+      lodash.debounce = debounce;
+      lodash.defaults = defaults;
+      lodash.defaultsDeep = defaultsDeep;
+      lodash.defer = defer;
+      lodash.delay = delay;
+      lodash.difference = difference;
+      lodash.drop = drop;
+      lodash.dropRight = dropRight;
+      lodash.dropRightWhile = dropRightWhile;
+      lodash.dropWhile = dropWhile;
+      lodash.fill = fill;
+      lodash.filter = filter;
+      lodash.flatten = flatten;
+      lodash.flattenDeep = flattenDeep;
+      lodash.flow = flow;
+      lodash.flowRight = flowRight;
+      lodash.forEach = forEach;
+      lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
+      lodash.forIn = forIn;
+      lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
+      lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
+      lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
+      lodash.functions = functions;
+      lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
+      lodash.indexBy = indexBy;
+      lodash.initial = initial;
+      lodash.intersection = intersection;
+      lodash.invert = invert;
+      lodash.invoke = invoke;
+      lodash.keys = keys;
+      lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
+      lodash.map = map;
+      lodash.mapKeys = mapKeys;
+      lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
+      lodash.matches = matches;
+      lodash.matchesProperty = matchesProperty;
+      lodash.memoize = memoize;
+      lodash.merge = merge;
+      lodash.method = method;
+      lodash.methodOf = methodOf;
+      lodash.mixin = mixin;
+      lodash.modArgs = modArgs;
+      lodash.negate = negate;
+      lodash.omit = omit;
+      lodash.once = once;
+      lodash.pairs = pairs;
+      lodash.partial = partial;
+      lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
+      lodash.partition = partition;
+      lodash.pick = pick;
+      lodash.pluck = pluck;
+      lodash.property = property;
+      lodash.propertyOf = propertyOf;
+      lodash.pull = pull;
+      lodash.pullAt = pullAt;
+      lodash.range = range;
+      lodash.rearg = rearg;
+      lodash.reject = reject;
+      lodash.remove = remove;
+      lodash.rest = rest;
+      lodash.restParam = restParam;
+      lodash.set = set;
+      lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
+      lodash.slice = slice;
+      lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
+      lodash.sortByAll = sortByAll;
+      lodash.sortByOrder = sortByOrder;
+      lodash.spread = spread;
+      lodash.take = take;
+      lodash.takeRight = takeRight;
+      lodash.takeRightWhile = takeRightWhile;
+      lodash.takeWhile = takeWhile;
+      lodash.tap = tap;
+      lodash.throttle = throttle;
+      lodash.thru = thru;
+      lodash.times = times;
+      lodash.toArray = toArray;
+      lodash.toPlainObject = toPlainObject;
+      lodash.transform = transform;
+      lodash.union = union;
+      lodash.uniq = uniq;
+      lodash.unzip = unzip;
+      lodash.unzipWith = unzipWith;
+      lodash.values = values;
+      lodash.valuesIn = valuesIn;
+      lodash.where = where;
+      lodash.without = without;
+      lodash.wrap = wrap;
+      lodash.xor = xor;
+      lodash.zip = zip;
+      lodash.zipObject = zipObject;
+      lodash.zipWith = zipWith;
+      // Add aliases.
+      lodash.backflow = flowRight;
+      lodash.collect = map;
+      lodash.compose = flowRight;
+      lodash.each = forEach;
+      lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
+      lodash.extend = assign;
+      lodash.iteratee = callback;
+      lodash.methods = functions;
+      lodash.object = zipObject;
+      lodash.select = filter;
+      lodash.tail = rest;
+      lodash.unique = uniq;
+      // Add functions to `lodash.prototype`.
+      mixin(lodash, lodash);
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      // Add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining.
+      lodash.add = add;
+      lodash.attempt = attempt;
+      lodash.camelCase = camelCase;
+      lodash.capitalize = capitalize;
+      lodash.ceil = ceil;
+      lodash.clone = clone;
+      lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
+      lodash.deburr = deburr;
+      lodash.endsWith = endsWith;
+      lodash.escape = escape;
+      lodash.escapeRegExp = escapeRegExp;
+      lodash.every = every;
+      lodash.find = find;
+      lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
+      lodash.findKey = findKey;
+      lodash.findLast = findLast;
+      lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
+      lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
+      lodash.findWhere = findWhere;
+      lodash.first = first;
+      lodash.floor = floor;
+      lodash.get = get;
+      lodash.gt = gt;
+      lodash.gte = gte;
+      lodash.has = has;
+      lodash.identity = identity;
+      lodash.includes = includes;
+      lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
+      lodash.inRange = inRange;
+      lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
+      lodash.isArray = isArray;
+      lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
+      lodash.isDate = isDate;
+      lodash.isElement = isElement;
+      lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
+      lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
+      lodash.isError = isError;
+      lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
+      lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
+      lodash.isMatch = isMatch;
+      lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
+      lodash.isNative = isNative;
+      lodash.isNull = isNull;
+      lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
+      lodash.isObject = isObject;
+      lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
+      lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
+      lodash.isString = isString;
+      lodash.isTypedArray = isTypedArray;
+      lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
+      lodash.kebabCase = kebabCase;
+      lodash.last = last;
+      lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
+      lodash.lt = lt;
+      lodash.lte = lte;
+      lodash.max = max;
+      lodash.min = min;
+      lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
+      lodash.noop = noop;
+      lodash.now = now;
+      lodash.pad = pad;
+      lodash.padLeft = padLeft;
+      lodash.padRight = padRight;
+      lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
+      lodash.random = random;
+      lodash.reduce = reduce;
+      lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
+      lodash.repeat = repeat;
+      lodash.result = result;
+      lodash.round = round;
+      lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
+      lodash.size = size;
+      lodash.snakeCase = snakeCase;
+      lodash.some = some;
+      lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
+      lodash.sortedLastIndex = sortedLastIndex;
+      lodash.startCase = startCase;
+      lodash.startsWith = startsWith;
+      lodash.sum = sum;
+      lodash.template = template;
+      lodash.trim = trim;
+      lodash.trimLeft = trimLeft;
+      lodash.trimRight = trimRight;
+      lodash.trunc = trunc;
+      lodash.unescape = unescape;
+      lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
+      lodash.words = words;
+      // Add aliases.
+      lodash.all = every;
+      lodash.any = some;
+      lodash.contains = includes;
+      lodash.eq = isEqual;
+      lodash.detect = find;
+      lodash.foldl = reduce;
+      lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
+      lodash.head = first;
+      lodash.include = includes;
+      lodash.inject = reduce;
+      mixin(lodash, function () {
+        var source = {};
+        baseForOwn(lodash, function (func, methodName) {
+          if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
+            source[methodName] = func;
+          }
+        });
+        return source;
+      }(), false);
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      // Add functions capable of returning wrapped and unwrapped values when chaining.
+      lodash.sample = sample;
+      lodash.prototype.sample = function (n) {
+        if (!this.__chain__ && n == null) {
+          return sample(this.value());
+        }
+        return this.thru(function (value) {
+          return sample(value, n);
+        });
+      };
+      /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+      /**
+     * The semantic version number.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @type string
+     */
+      lodash.VERSION = VERSION;
+      // Assign default placeholders.
+      arrayEach([
+        'bind',
+        'bindKey',
+        'curry',
+        'curryRight',
+        'partial',
+        'partialRight'
+      ], function (methodName) {
+        lodash[methodName].placeholder = lodash;
+      });
+      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.drop` and `_.take` variants.
+      arrayEach([
+        'drop',
+        'take'
+      ], function (methodName, index) {
+        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function (n) {
+          var filtered = this.__filtered__;
+          if (filtered && !index) {
+            return new LazyWrapper(this);
+          }
+          n = n == null ? 1 : nativeMax(nativeFloor(n) || 0, 0);
+          var result = this.clone();
+          if (filtered) {
+            result.__takeCount__ = nativeMin(result.__takeCount__, n);
+          } else {
+            result.__views__.push({
+              'size': n,
+              'type': methodName + (result.__dir__ < 0 ? 'Right' : '')
+            });
+          }
+          return result;
+        };
+        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'Right'] = function (n) {
+          return this.reverse()[methodName](n).reverse();
+        };
+      });
+      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods that accept an `iteratee` value.
+      arrayEach([
+        'filter',
+        'map',
+        'takeWhile'
+      ], function (methodName, index) {
+        var type = index + 1, isFilter = type != LAZY_MAP_FLAG;
+        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function (iteratee, thisArg) {
+          var result = this.clone();
+          result.__iteratees__.push({
+            'iteratee': getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 1),
+            'type': type
+          });
+          result.__filtered__ = result.__filtered__ || isFilter;
+          return result;
+        };
+      });
+      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.first` and `_.last`.
+      arrayEach([
+        'first',
+        'last'
+      ], function (methodName, index) {
+        var takeName = 'take' + (index ? 'Right' : '');
+        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function () {
+          return this[takeName](1).value()[0];
+        };
+      });
+      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.initial` and `_.rest`.
+      arrayEach([
+        'initial',
+        'rest'
+      ], function (methodName, index) {
+        var dropName = 'drop' + (index ? '' : 'Right');
+        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function () {
+          return this.__filtered__ ? new LazyWrapper(this) : this[dropName](1);
+        };
+      });
+      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.pluck` and `_.where`.
+      arrayEach([
+        'pluck',
+        'where'
+      ], function (methodName, index) {
+        var operationName = index ? 'filter' : 'map', createCallback = index ? baseMatches : property;
+        LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function (value) {
+          return this[operationName](createCallback(value));
+        };
+      });
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.compact = function () {
+        return this.filter(identity);
+      };
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.reject = function (predicate, thisArg) {
+        predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 1);
+        return this.filter(function (value) {
+          return !predicate(value);
+        });
+      };
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.slice = function (start, end) {
+        start = start == null ? 0 : +start || 0;
+        var result = this;
+        if (result.__filtered__ && (start > 0 || end < 0)) {
+          return new LazyWrapper(result);
+        }
+        if (start < 0) {
+          result = result.takeRight(-start);
+        } else if (start) {
+          result = result.drop(start);
+        }
+        if (end !== undefined) {
+          end = +end || 0;
+          result = end < 0 ? result.dropRight(-end) : result.take(end - start);
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.takeRightWhile = function (predicate, thisArg) {
+        return this.reverse().takeWhile(predicate, thisArg).reverse();
+      };
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.toArray = function () {
+        return this.take(POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      };
+      // Add `LazyWrapper` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
+      baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function (func, methodName) {
+        var checkIteratee = /^(?:filter|map|reject)|While$/.test(methodName), retUnwrapped = /^(?:first|last)$/.test(methodName), lodashFunc = lodash[retUnwrapped ? 'take' + (methodName == 'last' ? 'Right' : '') : methodName];
+        if (!lodashFunc) {
+          return;
+        }
+        lodash.prototype[methodName] = function () {
+          var args = retUnwrapped ? [1] : arguments, chainAll = this.__chain__, value = this.__wrapped__, isHybrid = !!this.__actions__.length, isLazy = value instanceof LazyWrapper, iteratee = args[0], useLazy = isLazy || isArray(value);
+          if (useLazy && checkIteratee && typeof iteratee == 'function' && iteratee.length != 1) {
+            // Avoid lazy use if the iteratee has a "length" value other than `1`.
+            isLazy = useLazy = false;
+          }
+          var interceptor = function (value) {
+            return retUnwrapped && chainAll ? lodashFunc(value, 1)[0] : lodashFunc.apply(undefined, arrayPush([value], args));
+          };
+          var action = {
+              'func': thru,
+              'args': [interceptor],
+              'thisArg': undefined
+            }, onlyLazy = isLazy && !isHybrid;
+          if (retUnwrapped && !chainAll) {
+            if (onlyLazy) {
+              value = value.clone();
+              value.__actions__.push(action);
+              return func.call(value);
+            }
+            return lodashFunc.call(undefined, this.value())[0];
+          }
+          if (!retUnwrapped && useLazy) {
+            value = onlyLazy ? value : new LazyWrapper(this);
+            var result = func.apply(value, args);
+            result.__actions__.push(action);
+            return new LodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
+          }
+          return this.thru(interceptor);
+        };
+      });
+      // Add `Array` and `String` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
+      arrayEach([
+        'join',
+        'pop',
+        'push',
+        'replace',
+        'shift',
+        'sort',
+        'splice',
+        'split',
+        'unshift'
+      ], function (methodName) {
+        var func = (/^(?:replace|split)$/.test(methodName) ? stringProto : arrayProto)[methodName], chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru', retUnwrapped = /^(?:join|pop|replace|shift)$/.test(methodName);
+        lodash.prototype[methodName] = function () {
+          var args = arguments;
+          if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
+            return func.apply(this.value(), args);
+          }
+          return this[chainName](function (value) {
+            return func.apply(value, args);
+          });
+        };
+      });
+      // Map minified function names to their real names.
+      baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function (func, methodName) {
+        var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
+        if (lodashFunc) {
+          var key = lodashFunc.name + '', names = realNames[key] || (realNames[key] = []);
+          names.push({
+            'name': methodName,
+            'func': lodashFunc
+          });
+        }
+      });
+      realNames[createHybridWrapper(undefined, BIND_KEY_FLAG).name] = [{
+          'name': 'wrapper',
+          'func': undefined
+        }];
+      // Add functions to the lazy wrapper.
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.clone = lazyClone;
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.reverse = lazyReverse;
+      LazyWrapper.prototype.value = lazyValue;
+      // Add chaining functions to the `lodash` wrapper.
+      lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
+      lodash.prototype.commit = wrapperCommit;
+      lodash.prototype.concat = wrapperConcat;
+      lodash.prototype.plant = wrapperPlant;
+      lodash.prototype.reverse = wrapperReverse;
+      lodash.prototype.toString = wrapperToString;
+      lodash.prototype.run = lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;
+      // Add function aliases to the `lodash` wrapper.
+      lodash.prototype.collect = lodash.prototype.map;
+      lodash.prototype.head = lodash.prototype.first;
+      lodash.prototype.select = lodash.prototype.filter;
+      lodash.prototype.tail = lodash.prototype.rest;
+      return lodash;
+    }
+    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    // Export lodash.
+    var _ = runInContext();
+    // Some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
+    if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
+      // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
+      // referenced as the "underscore" module.
+      define(function () {
+        return _;
+      });
+    }  // Check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object.
+    else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
+      // Export for Node.js or RingoJS.
+      if (moduleExports) {
+        (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
+      }  // Export for Rhino with CommonJS support.
+      else {
+        freeExports._ = _;
+      }
+    }
+    $provide.constant('lodash', _);
+  }
+]);
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.4.7
+ * (c) 2010-2015 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, angular, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ngCookies
+ * @description
+ *
+ * # ngCookies
+ *
+ * The `ngCookies` module provides a convenient wrapper for reading and writing browser cookies.
+ *
+ *
+ * <div doc-module-components="ngCookies"></div>
+ *
+ * See {@link ngCookies.$cookies `$cookies`} for usage.
+ */
+
+
+angular.module('ngCookies', ['ng']).
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc provider
+   * @name $cookiesProvider
+   * @description
+   * Use `$cookiesProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ngCookies.$cookies $cookies} service.
+   * */
+   provider('$cookies', [function $CookiesProvider() {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name $cookiesProvider#defaults
+     * @description
+     *
+     * Object containing default options to pass when setting cookies.
+     *
+     * The object may have following properties:
+     *
+     * - **path** - `{string}` - The cookie will be available only for this path and its
+     *   sub-paths. By default, this would be the URL that appears in your base tag.
+     * - **domain** - `{string}` - The cookie will be available only for this domain and
+     *   its sub-domains. For obvious security reasons the user agent will not accept the
+     *   cookie if the current domain is not a sub domain or equals to the requested domain.
+     * - **expires** - `{string|Date}` - String of the form "Wdy, DD Mon YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT"
+     *   or a Date object indicating the exact date/time this cookie will expire.
+     * - **secure** - `{boolean}` - The cookie will be available only in secured connection.
+     *
+     * Note: by default the address that appears in your `<base>` tag will be used as path.
+     * This is important so that cookies will be visible for all routes in case html5mode is enabled
+     *
+     **/
+    var defaults = this.defaults = {};
+
+    function calcOptions(options) {
+      return options ? angular.extend({}, defaults, options) : defaults;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $cookies
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Provides read/write access to browser's cookies.
+     *
+     * <div class="alert alert-info">
+     * Up until Angular 1.3, `$cookies` exposed properties that represented the
+     * current browser cookie values. In version 1.4, this behavior has changed, and
+     * `$cookies` now provides a standard api of getters, setters etc.
+     * </div>
+     *
+     * Requires the {@link ngCookies `ngCookies`} module to be installed.
+     *
+     * @example
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * angular.module('cookiesExample', ['ngCookies'])
+     *   .controller('ExampleController', ['$cookies', function($cookies) {
+     *     // Retrieving a cookie
+     *     var favoriteCookie = $cookies.get('myFavorite');
+     *     // Setting a cookie
+     *     $cookies.put('myFavorite', 'oatmeal');
+     *   }]);
+     * ```
+     */
+    this.$get = ['$$cookieReader', '$$cookieWriter', function($$cookieReader, $$cookieWriter) {
+      return {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cookies#get
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Returns the value of given cookie key
+         *
+         * @param {string} key Id to use for lookup.
+         * @returns {string} Raw cookie value.
+         */
+        get: function(key) {
+          return $$cookieReader()[key];
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cookies#getObject
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Returns the deserialized value of given cookie key
+         *
+         * @param {string} key Id to use for lookup.
+         * @returns {Object} Deserialized cookie value.
+         */
+        getObject: function(key) {
+          var value = this.get(key);
+          return value ? angular.fromJson(value) : value;
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cookies#getAll
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Returns a key value object with all the cookies
+         *
+         * @returns {Object} All cookies
+         */
+        getAll: function() {
+          return $$cookieReader();
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cookies#put
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Sets a value for given cookie key
+         *
+         * @param {string} key Id for the `value`.
+         * @param {string} value Raw value to be stored.
+         * @param {Object=} options Options object.
+         *    See {@link ngCookies.$cookiesProvider#defaults $cookiesProvider.defaults}
+         */
+        put: function(key, value, options) {
+          $$cookieWriter(key, value, calcOptions(options));
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cookies#putObject
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Serializes and sets a value for given cookie key
+         *
+         * @param {string} key Id for the `value`.
+         * @param {Object} value Value to be stored.
+         * @param {Object=} options Options object.
+         *    See {@link ngCookies.$cookiesProvider#defaults $cookiesProvider.defaults}
+         */
+        putObject: function(key, value, options) {
+          this.put(key, angular.toJson(value), options);
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cookies#remove
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Remove given cookie
+         *
+         * @param {string} key Id of the key-value pair to delete.
+         * @param {Object=} options Options object.
+         *    See {@link ngCookies.$cookiesProvider#defaults $cookiesProvider.defaults}
+         */
+        remove: function(key, options) {
+          $$cookieWriter(key, undefined, calcOptions(options));
+        }
+      };
+    }];
+  }]);
+
+angular.module('ngCookies').
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $cookieStore
+ * @deprecated
+ * @requires $cookies
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Provides a key-value (string-object) storage, that is backed by session cookies.
+ * Objects put or retrieved from this storage are automatically serialized or
+ * deserialized by angular's toJson/fromJson.
+ *
+ * Requires the {@link ngCookies `ngCookies`} module to be installed.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-danger">
+ * **Note:** The $cookieStore service is **deprecated**.
+ * Please use the {@link ngCookies.$cookies `$cookies`} service instead.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * angular.module('cookieStoreExample', ['ngCookies'])
+ *   .controller('ExampleController', ['$cookieStore', function($cookieStore) {
+ *     // Put cookie
+ *     $cookieStore.put('myFavorite','oatmeal');
+ *     // Get cookie
+ *     var favoriteCookie = $cookieStore.get('myFavorite');
+ *     // Removing a cookie
+ *     $cookieStore.remove('myFavorite');
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+ factory('$cookieStore', ['$cookies', function($cookies) {
+
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $cookieStore#get
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Returns the value of given cookie key
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Id to use for lookup.
+       * @returns {Object} Deserialized cookie value, undefined if the cookie does not exist.
+       */
+      get: function(key) {
+        return $cookies.getObject(key);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $cookieStore#put
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Sets a value for given cookie key
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Id for the `value`.
+       * @param {Object} value Value to be stored.
+       */
+      put: function(key, value) {
+        $cookies.putObject(key, value);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $cookieStore#remove
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Remove given cookie
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Id of the key-value pair to delete.
+       */
+      remove: function(key) {
+        $cookies.remove(key);
+      }
+    };
+
+  }]);
+
+/**
+ * @name $$cookieWriter
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is a private service for writing cookies
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Cookie name
+ * @param {string=} value Cookie value (if undefined, cookie will be deleted)
+ * @param {Object=} options Object with options that need to be stored for the cookie.
+ */
+function $$CookieWriter($document, $log, $browser) {
+  var cookiePath = $browser.baseHref();
+  var rawDocument = $document[0];
+
+  function buildCookieString(name, value, options) {
+    var path, expires;
+    options = options || {};
+    expires = options.expires;
+    path = angular.isDefined(options.path) ? options.path : cookiePath;
+    if (angular.isUndefined(value)) {
+      expires = 'Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT';
+      value = '';
+    }
+    if (angular.isString(expires)) {
+      expires = new Date(expires);
+    }
+
+    var str = encodeURIComponent(name) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value);
+    str += path ? ';path=' + path : '';
+    str += options.domain ? ';domain=' + options.domain : '';
+    str += expires ? ';expires=' + expires.toUTCString() : '';
+    str += options.secure ? ';secure' : '';
+
+    // per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt browser must allow at minimum:
+    // - 300 cookies
+    // - 20 cookies per unique domain
+    // - 4096 bytes per cookie
+    var cookieLength = str.length + 1;
+    if (cookieLength > 4096) {
+      $log.warn("Cookie '" + name +
+        "' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large (" +
+        cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
+    }
+
+    return str;
+  }
+
+  return function(name, value, options) {
+    rawDocument.cookie = buildCookieString(name, value, options);
+  };
+}
+
+$$CookieWriter.$inject = ['$document', '$log', '$browser'];
+
+angular.module('ngCookies').provider('$$cookieWriter', function $$CookieWriterProvider() {
+  this.$get = $$CookieWriter;
+});
+
+
+})(window, window.angular);
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js b/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js
index 13dde32..5eb73c2 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/vendor/xosCeilometerDashboardVendor.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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t&&t.apply(this,Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1)),this},reflow:c,render:function(t){return t&&this.reflow(),this.options.animation&&!t?n.animationLoop(this.draw,this.options.animationSteps,this.options.animationEasing,this.options.onAnimationProgress,this.options.onAnimationComplete,this):(this.draw(),this.options.onAnimationComplete.call(this)),this},generateLegend:function(){return w(this.options.legendTemplate,this)},destroy:function(){this.clear(),L(this,this.events);var t=this.chart.canvas;t.width=this.chart.width,t.height=this.chart.height,t.style.removeProperty?(t.style.removeProperty("width"),t.style.removeProperty("height")):(t.style.removeAttribute("width"),t.style.removeAttribute("height")),delete i.instances[this.id]},showTooltip:function(t,e){"undefined"==typeof this.activeElements&&(this.activeElements=[]);var o=function(t){var e=!1;return t.length!==this.activeElements.length?e=!0:(s(t,function(t,i){t!==this.activeElements[i]&&(e=!0)},this),e)}.call(this,t);if(o||e){if(this.activeElements=t,this.draw(),this.options.customTooltips&&this.options.customTooltips(!1),t.length>0)if(this.datasets&&this.datasets.length>1){for(var a,r,h=this.datasets.length-1;h>=0&&(a=this.datasets[h].points||this.datasets[h].bars||this.datasets[h].segments,r=l(a,t[0]),-1===r);h--);var c=[],u=[],d=function(t){var e,i,s,o,a,l=[],h=[],d=[];return n.each(this.datasets,function(t){e=t.points||t.bars||t.segments,e[r]&&e[r].hasValue()&&l.push(e[r])}),n.each(l,function(t){h.push(t.x),d.push(t.y),c.push(n.template(this.options.multiTooltipTemplate,t)),u.push({fill:t._saved.fillColor||t.fillColor,stroke:t._saved.strokeColor||t.strokeColor})},this),a=v(d),s=g(d),o=v(h),i=g(h),{x:o>this.chart.width/2?o:i,y:(a+s)/2}}.call(this,r);new i.MultiTooltip({x:d.x,y:d.y,xPadding:this.options.tooltipXPadding,yPadding:this.options.tooltipYPadding,xOffset:this.options.tooltipXOffset,fillColor:this.options.tooltipFillColor,textColor:this.options.tooltipFontColor,fontFamily:this.options.tooltipFontFamily,fontStyle:this.options.tooltipFontStyle,fontSize:this.options.tooltipFontSize,titleTextColor:this.options.tooltipTitleFontColor,titleFontFamily:this.options.tooltipTitleFontFamily,titleFontStyle:this.options.tooltipTitleFontStyle,titleFontSize:this.options.tooltipTitleFontSize,cornerRadius:this.options.tooltipCornerRadius,labels:c,legendColors:u,legendColorBackground:this.options.multiTooltipKeyBackground,title:t[0].label,chart:this.chart,ctx:this.chart.ctx,custom:this.options.customTooltips}).draw()}else s(t,function(t){var e=t.tooltipPosition();new i.Tooltip({x:Math.round(e.x),y:Math.round(e.y),xPadding:this.options.tooltipXPadding,yPadding:this.options.tooltipYPadding,fillColor:this.options.tooltipFillColor,textColor:this.options.tooltipFontColor,fontFamily:this.options.tooltipFontFamily,fontStyle:this.options.tooltipFontStyle,fontSize:this.options.tooltipFontSize,caretHeight:this.options.tooltipCaretSize,cornerRadius:this.options.tooltipCornerRadius,text:w(this.options.tooltipTemplate,t),chart:this.chart,custom:this.options.customTooltips}).draw()},this);return this}},toBase64Image:function(){return this.chart.canvas.toDataURL.apply(this.chart.canvas,arguments)}}),i.Type.extend=function(t){var e=this,n=function(){return e.apply(this,arguments)};if(n.prototype=o(e.prototype),a(n.prototype,t),n.extend=i.Type.extend,t.name||e.prototype.name){var s=t.name||e.prototype.name,l=i.defaults[e.prototype.name]?o(i.defaults[e.prototype.name]):{};i.defaults[s]=a(l,t.defaults),i.types[s]=n,i.prototype[s]=function(t,e){var 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t=this.ctx;t.beginPath(),t.arc(this.x,this.y,this.radius,0,2*Math.PI),t.closePath(),t.strokeStyle=this.strokeColor,t.lineWidth=this.strokeWidth,t.fillStyle=this.fillColor,t.fill(),t.stroke()}}}),i.Arc=i.Element.extend({inRange:function(t,e){var i=n.getAngleFromPoint(this,{x:t,y:e}),s=i.angle>=this.startAngle&&i.angle<=this.endAngle,o=i.distance>=this.innerRadius&&i.distance<=this.outerRadius;return s&&o},tooltipPosition:function(){var t=this.startAngle+(this.endAngle-this.startAngle)/2,e=(this.outerRadius-this.innerRadius)/2+this.innerRadius;return{x:this.x+Math.cos(t)*e,y:this.y+Math.sin(t)*e}},draw:function(t){var e=this.ctx;e.beginPath(),e.arc(this.x,this.y,this.outerRadius,this.startAngle,this.endAngle),e.arc(this.x,this.y,this.innerRadius,this.endAngle,this.startAngle,!0),e.closePath(),e.strokeStyle=this.strokeColor,e.lineWidth=this.strokeWidth,e.fillStyle=this.fillColor,e.fill(),e.lineJoin="bevel",this.showStroke&&e.stroke()}}),i.Rectangle=i.Element.extend({draw:function(){var t=this.ctx,e=this.width/2,i=this.x-e,n=this.x+e,s=this.base-(this.base-this.y),o=this.strokeWidth/2;this.showStroke&&(i+=o,n-=o,s+=o),t.beginPath(),t.fillStyle=this.fillColor,t.strokeStyle=this.strokeColor,t.lineWidth=this.strokeWidth,t.moveTo(i,this.base),t.lineTo(i,s),t.lineTo(n,s),t.lineTo(n,this.base),t.fill(),this.showStroke&&t.stroke()},height:function(){return this.base-this.y},inRange:function(t,e){return t>=this.x-this.width/2&&t<=this.x+this.width/2&&e>=this.y&&e<=this.base}}),i.Tooltip=i.Element.extend({draw:function(){var t=this.chart.ctx;t.font=D(this.fontSize,this.fontStyle,this.fontFamily),this.xAlign="center",this.yAlign="above";var e=this.caretPadding=2,i=t.measureText(this.text).width+2*this.xPadding,n=this.fontSize+2*this.yPadding,s=n+this.caretHeight+e;this.x+i/2>this.chart.width?this.xAlign="left":this.x-i/2<0&&(this.xAlign="right"),this.y-s<0&&(this.yAlign="below");var 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t=this.ctx.measureText(this.title).width,e=M(this.ctx,this.font,this.labels)+this.fontSize+3,i=g([e,t]);this.width=i+2*this.xPadding;var n=this.height/2;this.y-n<0?this.y=n:this.y+n>this.chart.height&&(this.y=this.chart.height-n),this.x>this.chart.width/2?this.x-=this.xOffset+this.width:this.x+=this.xOffset},getLineHeight:function(t){var e=this.y-this.height/2+this.yPadding,i=t-1;return 0===t?e+this.titleFontSize/2:e+(1.5*this.fontSize*i+this.fontSize/2)+1.5*this.titleFontSize},draw:function(){if(this.custom)this.custom(this);else{W(this.ctx,this.x,this.y-this.height/2,this.width,this.height,this.cornerRadius);var 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t,e,i=this.ctx.measureText(this.xLabels[0]).width,n=this.ctx.measureText(this.xLabels[this.xLabels.length-1]).width;if(this.xScalePaddingRight=n/2+3,this.xScalePaddingLeft=i/2>this.yLabelWidth+10?i/2:this.yLabelWidth+10,this.xLabelRotation=0,this.display){var s,o=M(this.ctx,this.font,this.xLabels);this.xLabelWidth=o;for(var a=Math.floor(this.calculateX(1)-this.calculateX(0))-6;this.xLabelWidth>a&&0===this.xLabelRotation||this.xLabelWidth>a&&this.xLabelRotation<=90&&this.xLabelRotation>0;)s=Math.cos(C(this.xLabelRotation)),t=s*i,e=s*n,t+this.fontSize/2>this.yLabelWidth+8&&(this.xScalePaddingLeft=t+this.fontSize/2),this.xScalePaddingRight=this.fontSize/2,this.xLabelRotation++,this.xLabelWidth=s*o;this.xLabelRotation>0&&(this.endPoint-=Math.sin(C(this.xLabelRotation))*o+3)}else this.xLabelWidth=0,this.xScalePaddingRight=this.padding,this.xScalePaddingLeft=this.padding},calculateYRange:c,drawingArea:function(){return this.startPoint-this.endPoint},calculateY:function(t){var e=this.drawingArea()/(this.min-this.max);return this.endPoint-e*(t-this.min)},calculateX:function(t){var e=(this.xLabelRotation>0,this.width-(this.xScalePaddingLeft+this.xScalePaddingRight)),i=e/Math.max(this.valuesCount-(this.offsetGridLines?0:1),1),n=i*t+this.xScalePaddingLeft;return this.offsetGridLines&&(n+=i/2),Math.round(n)},update:function(t){n.extend(this,t),this.fit()},draw:function(){var t=this.ctx,e=(this.endPoint-this.startPoint)/this.steps,i=Math.round(this.xScalePaddingLeft);this.display&&(t.fillStyle=this.textColor,t.font=this.font,s(this.yLabels,function(s,o){var a=this.endPoint-e*o,r=Math.round(a),l=this.showHorizontalLines;t.textAlign="right",t.textBaseline="middle",this.showLabels&&t.fillText(s,i-10,a),0!==o||l||(l=!0),l&&t.beginPath(),o>0?(t.lineWidth=this.gridLineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.gridLineColor):(t.lineWidth=this.lineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.lineColor),r+=n.aliasPixel(t.lineWidth),l&&(t.moveTo(i,r),t.lineTo(this.width,r),t.stroke(),t.closePath()),t.lineWidth=this.lineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.lineColor,t.beginPath(),t.moveTo(i-5,r),t.lineTo(i,r),t.stroke(),t.closePath()},this),s(this.xLabels,function(e,i){var n=this.calculateX(i)+y(this.lineWidth),s=this.calculateX(i-(this.offsetGridLines?.5:0))+y(this.lineWidth),o=this.xLabelRotation>0,a=this.showVerticalLines;0!==i||a||(a=!0),a&&t.beginPath(),i>0?(t.lineWidth=this.gridLineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.gridLineColor):(t.lineWidth=this.lineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.lineColor),a&&(t.moveTo(s,this.endPoint),t.lineTo(s,this.startPoint-3),t.stroke(),t.closePath()),t.lineWidth=this.lineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.lineColor,t.beginPath(),t.moveTo(s,this.endPoint),t.lineTo(s,this.endPoint+5),t.stroke(),t.closePath(),t.save(),t.translate(n,o?this.endPoint+12:this.endPoint+8),t.rotate(-1*C(this.xLabelRotation)),t.font=this.font,t.textAlign=o?"right":"center",t.textBaseline=o?"middle":"top",t.fillText(e,0,0),t.restore()},this))}}),i.RadialScale=i.Element.extend({initialize:function(){this.size=v([this.height,this.width]),this.drawingArea=this.display?this.size/2-(this.fontSize/2+this.backdropPaddingY):this.size/2},calculateCenterOffset:function(t){var e=this.drawingArea/(this.max-this.min);return(t-this.min)*e},update:function(){this.lineArc?this.drawingArea=this.display?this.size/2-(this.fontSize/2+this.backdropPaddingY):this.size/2:this.setScaleSize(),this.buildYLabels()},buildYLabels:function(){this.yLabels=[];for(var t=m(this.stepValue),e=0;e<=this.steps;e++)this.yLabels.push(w(this.templateString,{value:(this.min+e*this.stepValue).toFixed(t)}))},getCircumference:function(){return 2*Math.PI/this.valuesCount},setScaleSize:function(){var t,e,i,n,s,o,a,r,l,h,c,u,d=v([this.height/2-this.pointLabelFontSize-5,this.width/2]),f=this.width,g=0;for(this.ctx.font=D(this.pointLabelFontSize,this.pointLabelFontStyle,this.pointLabelFontFamily),e=0;e<this.valuesCount;e++)t=this.getPointPosition(e,d),i=this.ctx.measureText(w(this.templateString,{value:this.labels[e]})).width+5,0===e||e===this.valuesCount/2?(n=i/2,t.x+n>f&&(f=t.x+n,s=e),t.x-n<g&&(g=t.x-n,a=e)):e<this.valuesCount/2?t.x+i>f&&(f=t.x+i,s=e):e>this.valuesCount/2&&t.x-i<g&&(g=t.x-i,a=e);l=g,h=Math.ceil(f-this.width),o=this.getIndexAngle(s),r=this.getIndexAngle(a),c=h/Math.sin(o+Math.PI/2),u=l/Math.sin(r+Math.PI/2),c=p(c)?c:0,u=p(u)?u:0,this.drawingArea=d-(u+c)/2,this.setCenterPoint(u,c)},setCenterPoint:function(t,e){var i=this.width-e-this.drawingArea,n=t+this.drawingArea;this.xCenter=(n+i)/2,this.yCenter=this.height/2},getIndexAngle:function(t){var e=2*Math.PI/this.valuesCount;return t*e-Math.PI/2},getPointPosition:function(t,e){var i=this.getIndexAngle(t);return{x:Math.cos(i)*e+this.xCenter,y:Math.sin(i)*e+this.yCenter}},draw:function(){if(this.display){var t=this.ctx;if(s(this.yLabels,function(e,i){if(i>0){var n,s=i*(this.drawingArea/this.steps),o=this.yCenter-s;if(this.lineWidth>0)if(t.strokeStyle=this.lineColor,t.lineWidth=this.lineWidth,this.lineArc)t.beginPath(),t.arc(this.xCenter,this.yCenter,s,0,2*Math.PI),t.closePath(),t.stroke();else{t.beginPath();for(var a=0;a<this.valuesCount;a++)n=this.getPointPosition(a,this.calculateCenterOffset(this.min+i*this.stepValue)),0===a?t.moveTo(n.x,n.y):t.lineTo(n.x,n.y);t.closePath(),t.stroke()}if(this.showLabels){if(t.font=D(this.fontSize,this.fontStyle,this.fontFamily),this.showLabelBackdrop){var r=t.measureText(e).width;t.fillStyle=this.backdropColor,t.fillRect(this.xCenter-r/2-this.backdropPaddingX,o-this.fontSize/2-this.backdropPaddingY,r+2*this.backdropPaddingX,this.fontSize+2*this.backdropPaddingY)}t.textAlign="center",t.textBaseline="middle",t.fillStyle=this.fontColor,t.fillText(e,this.xCenter,o)}}},this),!this.lineArc){t.lineWidth=this.angleLineWidth,t.strokeStyle=this.angleLineColor;for(var e=this.valuesCount-1;e>=0;e--){if(this.angleLineWidth>0){var i=this.getPointPosition(e,this.calculateCenterOffset(this.max));t.beginPath(),t.moveTo(this.xCenter,this.yCenter),t.lineTo(i.x,i.y),t.stroke(),t.closePath()}var n=this.getPointPosition(e,this.calculateCenterOffset(this.max)+5);t.font=D(this.pointLabelFontSize,this.pointLabelFontStyle,this.pointLabelFontFamily),t.fillStyle=this.pointLabelFontColor;var o=this.labels.length,a=this.labels.length/2,r=a/2,l=r>e||e>o-r,h=e===r||e===o-r;0===e?t.textAlign="center":e===a?t.textAlign="center":a>e?t.textAlign="left":t.textAlign="right",h?t.textBaseline="middle":l?t.textBaseline="bottom":t.textBaseline="top",t.fillText(this.labels[e],n.x,n.y)}}}}}),n.addEvent(window,"resize",function(){var t;return function(){clearTimeout(t),t=setTimeout(function(){s(i.instances,function(t){t.options.responsive&&t.resize(t.render,!0)})},50)}}()),f?define(function(){return i}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports&&(module.exports=i),t.Chart=i,i.noConflict=function(){return t.Chart=e,i}}).call(this),function(){"use strict";var t=this,e=t.Chart,i=e.helpers,n={scaleBeginAtZero:!0,scaleShowGridLines:!0,scaleGridLineColor:"rgba(0,0,0,.05)",scaleGridLineWidth:1,scaleShowHorizontalLines:!0,scaleShowVerticalLines:!0,barShowStroke:!0,barStrokeWidth:2,barValueSpacing:5,barDatasetSpacing:1,legendTemplate:'<ul class="<%=name.toLowerCase()%>-legend"><% for (var i=0; i<datasets.length; i++){%><li><span style="background-color:<%=datasets[i].fillColor%>"></span><%if(datasets[i].label){%><%=datasets[i].label%><%}%></li><%}%></ul>'};e.Type.extend({name:"Bar",defaults:n,initialize:function(t){var n=this.options;this.ScaleClass=e.Scale.extend({offsetGridLines:!0,calculateBarX:function(t,e,i){var s=this.calculateBaseWidth(),o=this.calculateX(i)-s/2,a=this.calculateBarWidth(t);return o+a*e+e*n.barDatasetSpacing+a/2},calculateBaseWidth:function(){return this.calculateX(1)-this.calculateX(0)-2*n.barValueSpacing},calculateBarWidth:function(t){var e=this.calculateBaseWidth()-(t-1)*n.barDatasetSpacing;return e/t}}),this.datasets=[],this.options.showTooltips&&i.bindEvents(this,this.options.tooltipEvents,function(t){var e="mouseout"!==t.type?this.getBarsAtEvent(t):[];this.eachBars(function(t){t.restore(["fillColor","strokeColor"])}),i.each(e,function(t){t.fillColor=t.highlightFill,t.strokeColor=t.highlightStroke}),this.showTooltip(e)}),this.BarClass=e.Rectangle.extend({strokeWidth:this.options.barStrokeWidth,showStroke:this.options.barShowStroke,ctx:this.chart.ctx}),i.each(t.datasets,function(e,n){var s={label:e.label||null,fillColor:e.fillColor,strokeColor:e.strokeColor,bars:[]};this.datasets.push(s),i.each(e.data,function(i,n){s.bars.push(new this.BarClass({value:i,label:t.labels[n],datasetLabel:e.label,strokeColor:e.strokeColor,fillColor:e.fillColor,highlightFill:e.highlightFill||e.fillColor,highlightStroke:e.highlightStroke||e.strokeColor}))},this)},this),this.buildScale(t.labels),this.BarClass.prototype.base=this.scale.endPoint,this.eachBars(function(t,e,n){i.extend(t,{width:this.scale.calculateBarWidth(this.datasets.length),x:this.scale.calculateBarX(this.datasets.length,n,e),y:this.scale.endPoint}),t.save()},this),this.render()},update:function(){this.scale.update(),i.each(this.activeElements,function(t){t.restore(["fillColor","strokeColor"])}),this.eachBars(function(t){t.save()}),this.render()},eachBars:function(t){i.each(this.datasets,function(e,n){i.each(e.bars,t,this,n)},this)},getBarsAtEvent:function(t){for(var e,n=[],s=i.getRelativePosition(t),o=function(t){n.push(t.bars[e])},a=0;a<this.datasets.length;a++)for(e=0;e<this.datasets[a].bars.length;e++)if(this.datasets[a].bars[e].inRange(s.x,s.y))return i.each(this.datasets,o),n;return n},buildScale:function(t){var e=this,n=function(){var t=[];return e.eachBars(function(e){t.push(e.value)}),t},s={templateString:this.options.scaleLabel,height:this.chart.height,width:this.chart.width,ctx:this.chart.ctx,textColor:this.options.scaleFontColor,fontSize:this.options.scaleFontSize,fontStyle:this.options.scaleFontStyle,fontFamily:this.options.scaleFontFamily,valuesCount:t.length,beginAtZero:this.options.scaleBeginAtZero,integersOnly:this.options.scaleIntegersOnly,calculateYRange:function(t){var e=i.calculateScaleRange(n(),t,this.fontSize,this.beginAtZero,this.integersOnly);i.extend(this,e)},xLabels:t,font:i.fontString(this.options.scaleFontSize,this.options.scaleFontStyle,this.options.scaleFontFamily),lineWidth:this.options.scaleLineWidth,lineColor:this.options.scaleLineColor,showHorizontalLines:this.options.scaleShowHorizontalLines,showVerticalLines:this.options.scaleShowVerticalLines,gridLineWidth:this.options.scaleShowGridLines?this.options.scaleGridLineWidth:0,gridLineColor:this.options.scaleShowGridLines?this.options.scaleGridLineColor:"rgba(0,0,0,0)",padding:this.options.showScale?0:this.options.barShowStroke?this.options.barStrokeWidth:0,showLabels:this.options.scaleShowLabels,display:this.options.showScale};this.options.scaleOverride&&i.extend(s,{calculateYRange:i.noop,steps:this.options.scaleSteps,stepValue:this.options.scaleStepWidth,min:this.options.scaleStartValue,max:this.options.scaleStartValue+this.options.scaleSteps*this.options.scaleStepWidth}),this.scale=new this.ScaleClass(s)},addData:function(t,e){i.each(t,function(t,i){this.datasets[i].bars.push(new this.BarClass({value:t,label:e,x:this.scale.calculateBarX(this.datasets.length,i,this.scale.valuesCount+1),y:this.scale.endPoint,width:this.scale.calculateBarWidth(this.datasets.length),
 base:this.scale.endPoint,strokeColor:this.datasets[i].strokeColor,fillColor:this.datasets[i].fillColor}))},this),this.scale.addXLabel(e),this.update()},removeData:function(){this.scale.removeXLabel(),i.each(this.datasets,function(t){t.bars.shift()},this),this.update()},reflow:function(){i.extend(this.BarClass.prototype,{y:this.scale.endPoint,base:this.scale.endPoint});var t=i.extend({height:this.chart.height,width:this.chart.width});this.scale.update(t)},draw:function(t){var e=t||1;this.clear();this.chart.ctx;this.scale.draw(e),i.each(this.datasets,function(t,n){i.each(t.bars,function(t,i){t.hasValue()&&(t.base=this.scale.endPoint,t.transition({x:this.scale.calculateBarX(this.datasets.length,n,i),y:this.scale.calculateY(t.value),width:this.scale.calculateBarWidth(this.datasets.length)},e).draw())},this)},this)}})}.call(this),function(){"use strict";var t=this,e=t.Chart,i=e.helpers,n={segmentShowStroke:!0,segmentStrokeColor:"#fff",segmentStrokeWidth:2,percentageInnerCutout:50,animationSteps:100,animationEasing:"easeOutBounce",animateRotate:!0,animateScale:!1,legendTemplate:'<ul class="<%=name.toLowerCase()%>-legend"><% for (var i=0; i<segments.length; i++){%><li><span style="background-color:<%=segments[i].fillColor%>"></span><%if(segments[i].label){%><%=segments[i].label%><%}%></li><%}%></ul>'};e.Type.extend({name:"Doughnut",defaults:n,initialize:function(t){this.segments=[],this.outerRadius=(i.min([this.chart.width,this.chart.height])-this.options.segmentStrokeWidth/2)/2,this.SegmentArc=e.Arc.extend({ctx:this.chart.ctx,x:this.chart.width/2,y:this.chart.height/2}),this.options.showTooltips&&i.bindEvents(this,this.options.tooltipEvents,function(t){var e="mouseout"!==t.type?this.getSegmentsAtEvent(t):[];i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.restore(["fillColor"])}),i.each(e,function(t){t.fillColor=t.highlightColor}),this.showTooltip(e)}),this.calculateTotal(t),i.each(t,function(t,e){this.addData(t,e,!0)},this),this.render()},getSegmentsAtEvent:function(t){var e=[],n=i.getRelativePosition(t);return i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.inRange(n.x,n.y)&&e.push(t)},this),e},addData:function(t,e,i){var n=e||this.segments.length;this.segments.splice(n,0,new this.SegmentArc({value:t.value,outerRadius:this.options.animateScale?0:this.outerRadius,innerRadius:this.options.animateScale?0:this.outerRadius/100*this.options.percentageInnerCutout,fillColor:t.color,highlightColor:t.highlight||t.color,showStroke:this.options.segmentShowStroke,strokeWidth:this.options.segmentStrokeWidth,strokeColor:this.options.segmentStrokeColor,startAngle:1.5*Math.PI,circumference:this.options.animateRotate?0:this.calculateCircumference(t.value),label:t.label})),i||(this.reflow(),this.update())},calculateCircumference:function(t){return 2*Math.PI*(Math.abs(t)/this.total)},calculateTotal:function(t){this.total=0,i.each(t,function(t){this.total+=Math.abs(t.value)},this)},update:function(){this.calculateTotal(this.segments),i.each(this.activeElements,function(t){t.restore(["fillColor"])}),i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.save()}),this.render()},removeData:function(t){var e=i.isNumber(t)?t:this.segments.length-1;this.segments.splice(e,1),this.reflow(),this.update()},reflow:function(){i.extend(this.SegmentArc.prototype,{x:this.chart.width/2,y:this.chart.height/2}),this.outerRadius=(i.min([this.chart.width,this.chart.height])-this.options.segmentStrokeWidth/2)/2,i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.update({outerRadius:this.outerRadius,innerRadius:this.outerRadius/100*this.options.percentageInnerCutout})},this)},draw:function(t){var e=t?t:1;this.clear(),i.each(this.segments,function(t,i){t.transition({circumference:this.calculateCircumference(t.value),outerRadius:this.outerRadius,innerRadius:this.outerRadius/100*this.options.percentageInnerCutout},e),t.endAngle=t.startAngle+t.circumference,t.draw(),0===i&&(t.startAngle=1.5*Math.PI),i<this.segments.length-1&&(this.segments[i+1].startAngle=t.endAngle)},this)}}),e.types.Doughnut.extend({name:"Pie",defaults:i.merge(n,{percentageInnerCutout:0})})}.call(this),function(){"use strict";var t=this,e=t.Chart,i=e.helpers,n={scaleShowGridLines:!0,scaleGridLineColor:"rgba(0,0,0,.05)",scaleGridLineWidth:1,scaleShowHorizontalLines:!0,scaleShowVerticalLines:!0,bezierCurve:!0,bezierCurveTension:.4,pointDot:!0,pointDotRadius:4,pointDotStrokeWidth:1,pointHitDetectionRadius:20,datasetStroke:!0,datasetStrokeWidth:2,datasetFill:!0,legendTemplate:'<ul class="<%=name.toLowerCase()%>-legend"><% for (var i=0; i<datasets.length; i++){%><li><span style="background-color:<%=datasets[i].strokeColor%>"></span><%if(datasets[i].label){%><%=datasets[i].label%><%}%></li><%}%></ul>'};e.Type.extend({name:"Line",defaults:n,initialize:function(t){this.PointClass=e.Point.extend({strokeWidth:this.options.pointDotStrokeWidth,radius:this.options.pointDotRadius,display:this.options.pointDot,hitDetectionRadius:this.options.pointHitDetectionRadius,ctx:this.chart.ctx,inRange:function(t){return Math.pow(t-this.x,2)<Math.pow(this.radius+this.hitDetectionRadius,2)}}),this.datasets=[],this.options.showTooltips&&i.bindEvents(this,this.options.tooltipEvents,function(t){var e="mouseout"!==t.type?this.getPointsAtEvent(t):[];this.eachPoints(function(t){t.restore(["fillColor","strokeColor"])}),i.each(e,function(t){t.fillColor=t.highlightFill,t.strokeColor=t.highlightStroke}),this.showTooltip(e)}),i.each(t.datasets,function(e){var n={label:e.label||null,fillColor:e.fillColor,strokeColor:e.strokeColor,pointColor:e.pointColor,pointStrokeColor:e.pointStrokeColor,points:[]};this.datasets.push(n),i.each(e.data,function(i,s){n.points.push(new this.PointClass({value:i,label:t.labels[s],datasetLabel:e.label,strokeColor:e.pointStrokeColor,fillColor:e.pointColor,highlightFill:e.pointHighlightFill||e.pointColor,highlightStroke:e.pointHighlightStroke||e.pointStrokeColor}))},this),this.buildScale(t.labels),this.eachPoints(function(t,e){i.extend(t,{x:this.scale.calculateX(e),y:this.scale.endPoint}),t.save()},this)},this),this.render()},update:function(){this.scale.update(),i.each(this.activeElements,function(t){t.restore(["fillColor","strokeColor"])}),this.eachPoints(function(t){t.save()}),this.render()},eachPoints:function(t){i.each(this.datasets,function(e){i.each(e.points,t,this)},this)},getPointsAtEvent:function(t){var e=[],n=i.getRelativePosition(t);return i.each(this.datasets,function(t){i.each(t.points,function(t){t.inRange(n.x,n.y)&&e.push(t)})},this),e},buildScale:function(t){var n=this,s=function(){var t=[];return n.eachPoints(function(e){t.push(e.value)}),t},o={templateString:this.options.scaleLabel,height:this.chart.height,width:this.chart.width,ctx:this.chart.ctx,textColor:this.options.scaleFontColor,fontSize:this.options.scaleFontSize,fontStyle:this.options.scaleFontStyle,fontFamily:this.options.scaleFontFamily,valuesCount:t.length,beginAtZero:this.options.scaleBeginAtZero,integersOnly:this.options.scaleIntegersOnly,calculateYRange:function(t){var e=i.calculateScaleRange(s(),t,this.fontSize,this.beginAtZero,this.integersOnly);i.extend(this,e)},xLabels:t,font:i.fontString(this.options.scaleFontSize,this.options.scaleFontStyle,this.options.scaleFontFamily),lineWidth:this.options.scaleLineWidth,lineColor:this.options.scaleLineColor,showHorizontalLines:this.options.scaleShowHorizontalLines,showVerticalLines:this.options.scaleShowVerticalLines,gridLineWidth:this.options.scaleShowGridLines?this.options.scaleGridLineWidth:0,gridLineColor:this.options.scaleShowGridLines?this.options.scaleGridLineColor:"rgba(0,0,0,0)",padding:this.options.showScale?0:this.options.pointDotRadius+this.options.pointDotStrokeWidth,showLabels:this.options.scaleShowLabels,display:this.options.showScale};this.options.scaleOverride&&i.extend(o,{calculateYRange:i.noop,steps:this.options.scaleSteps,stepValue:this.options.scaleStepWidth,min:this.options.scaleStartValue,max:this.options.scaleStartValue+this.options.scaleSteps*this.options.scaleStepWidth}),this.scale=new e.Scale(o)},addData:function(t,e){i.each(t,function(t,i){this.datasets[i].points.push(new this.PointClass({value:t,label:e,x:this.scale.calculateX(this.scale.valuesCount+1),y:this.scale.endPoint,strokeColor:this.datasets[i].pointStrokeColor,fillColor:this.datasets[i].pointColor}))},this),this.scale.addXLabel(e),this.update()},removeData:function(){this.scale.removeXLabel(),i.each(this.datasets,function(t){t.points.shift()},this),this.update()},reflow:function(){var t=i.extend({height:this.chart.height,width:this.chart.width});this.scale.update(t)},draw:function(t){var e=t||1;this.clear();var n=this.chart.ctx,s=function(t){return null!==t.value},o=function(t,e,n){return i.findNextWhere(e,s,n)||t},a=function(t,e,n){return i.findPreviousWhere(e,s,n)||t};this.scale.draw(e),i.each(this.datasets,function(t){var r=i.where(t.points,s);i.each(t.points,function(t,i){t.hasValue()&&t.transition({y:this.scale.calculateY(t.value),x:this.scale.calculateX(i)},e)},this),this.options.bezierCurve&&i.each(r,function(t,e){var n=e>0&&e<r.length-1?this.options.bezierCurveTension:0;t.controlPoints=i.splineCurve(a(t,r,e),t,o(t,r,e),n),t.controlPoints.outer.y>this.scale.endPoint?t.controlPoints.outer.y=this.scale.endPoint:t.controlPoints.outer.y<this.scale.startPoint&&(t.controlPoints.outer.y=this.scale.startPoint),t.controlPoints.inner.y>this.scale.endPoint?t.controlPoints.inner.y=this.scale.endPoint:t.controlPoints.inner.y<this.scale.startPoint&&(t.controlPoints.inner.y=this.scale.startPoint)},this),n.lineWidth=this.options.datasetStrokeWidth,n.strokeStyle=t.strokeColor,n.beginPath(),i.each(r,function(t,e){if(0===e)n.moveTo(t.x,t.y);else if(this.options.bezierCurve){var i=a(t,r,e);n.bezierCurveTo(i.controlPoints.outer.x,i.controlPoints.outer.y,t.controlPoints.inner.x,t.controlPoints.inner.y,t.x,t.y)}else n.lineTo(t.x,t.y)},this),n.stroke(),this.options.datasetFill&&r.length>0&&(n.lineTo(r[r.length-1].x,this.scale.endPoint),n.lineTo(r[0].x,this.scale.endPoint),n.fillStyle=t.fillColor,n.closePath(),n.fill()),i.each(r,function(t){t.draw()})},this)}})}.call(this),function(){"use strict";var t=this,e=t.Chart,i=e.helpers,n={scaleShowLabelBackdrop:!0,scaleBackdropColor:"rgba(255,255,255,0.75)",scaleBeginAtZero:!0,scaleBackdropPaddingY:2,scaleBackdropPaddingX:2,scaleShowLine:!0,segmentShowStroke:!0,segmentStrokeColor:"#fff",segmentStrokeWidth:2,animationSteps:100,animationEasing:"easeOutBounce",animateRotate:!0,animateScale:!1,legendTemplate:'<ul class="<%=name.toLowerCase()%>-legend"><% for (var i=0; i<segments.length; i++){%><li><span style="background-color:<%=segments[i].fillColor%>"></span><%if(segments[i].label){%><%=segments[i].label%><%}%></li><%}%></ul>'};e.Type.extend({name:"PolarArea",defaults:n,initialize:function(t){this.segments=[],this.SegmentArc=e.Arc.extend({showStroke:this.options.segmentShowStroke,strokeWidth:this.options.segmentStrokeWidth,strokeColor:this.options.segmentStrokeColor,ctx:this.chart.ctx,innerRadius:0,x:this.chart.width/2,y:this.chart.height/2}),this.scale=new e.RadialScale({display:this.options.showScale,fontStyle:this.options.scaleFontStyle,fontSize:this.options.scaleFontSize,fontFamily:this.options.scaleFontFamily,fontColor:this.options.scaleFontColor,showLabels:this.options.scaleShowLabels,showLabelBackdrop:this.options.scaleShowLabelBackdrop,backdropColor:this.options.scaleBackdropColor,backdropPaddingY:this.options.scaleBackdropPaddingY,backdropPaddingX:this.options.scaleBackdropPaddingX,lineWidth:this.options.scaleShowLine?this.options.scaleLineWidth:0,lineColor:this.options.scaleLineColor,lineArc:!0,width:this.chart.width,height:this.chart.height,xCenter:this.chart.width/2,yCenter:this.chart.height/2,ctx:this.chart.ctx,templateString:this.options.scaleLabel,valuesCount:t.length}),this.updateScaleRange(t),this.scale.update(),i.each(t,function(t,e){this.addData(t,e,!0)},this),this.options.showTooltips&&i.bindEvents(this,this.options.tooltipEvents,function(t){var e="mouseout"!==t.type?this.getSegmentsAtEvent(t):[];i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.restore(["fillColor"])}),i.each(e,function(t){t.fillColor=t.highlightColor}),this.showTooltip(e)}),this.render()},getSegmentsAtEvent:function(t){var e=[],n=i.getRelativePosition(t);return i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.inRange(n.x,n.y)&&e.push(t)},this),e},addData:function(t,e,i){var n=e||this.segments.length;this.segments.splice(n,0,new this.SegmentArc({fillColor:t.color,highlightColor:t.highlight||t.color,label:t.label,value:t.value,outerRadius:this.options.animateScale?0:this.scale.calculateCenterOffset(t.value),circumference:this.options.animateRotate?0:this.scale.getCircumference(),startAngle:1.5*Math.PI})),i||(this.reflow(),this.update())},removeData:function(t){var e=i.isNumber(t)?t:this.segments.length-1;this.segments.splice(e,1),this.reflow(),this.update()},calculateTotal:function(t){this.total=0,i.each(t,function(t){this.total+=t.value},this),this.scale.valuesCount=this.segments.length},updateScaleRange:function(t){var e=[];i.each(t,function(t){e.push(t.value)});var n=this.options.scaleOverride?{steps:this.options.scaleSteps,stepValue:this.options.scaleStepWidth,min:this.options.scaleStartValue,max:this.options.scaleStartValue+this.options.scaleSteps*this.options.scaleStepWidth}:i.calculateScaleRange(e,i.min([this.chart.width,this.chart.height])/2,this.options.scaleFontSize,this.options.scaleBeginAtZero,this.options.scaleIntegersOnly);i.extend(this.scale,n,{size:i.min([this.chart.width,this.chart.height]),xCenter:this.chart.width/2,yCenter:this.chart.height/2})},update:function(){this.calculateTotal(this.segments),i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.save()}),this.reflow(),this.render()},reflow:function(){i.extend(this.SegmentArc.prototype,{x:this.chart.width/2,y:this.chart.height/2}),this.updateScaleRange(this.segments),this.scale.update(),i.extend(this.scale,{xCenter:this.chart.width/2,yCenter:this.chart.height/2}),i.each(this.segments,function(t){t.update({outerRadius:this.scale.calculateCenterOffset(t.value)})},this)},draw:function(t){var 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Use UibAccordionController instead."),angular.extend(this,i("UibAccordionController",{$scope:t,$attrs:e}))}]).directive("accordion",["$log","$accordionSuppressWarning",function(t,e){return{restrict:"EA",controller:"AccordionController",controllerAs:"accordion",transclude:!0,replace:!1,templateUrl:function(t,e){return e.templateUrl||"template/accordion/accordion.html"},link:function(){e||t.warn("accordion is now deprecated. Use uib-accordion instead.")}}}]).directive("accordionGroup",["$log","$accordionSuppressWarning",function(t,e){return{require:"^accordion",restrict:"EA",transclude:!0,replace:!0,templateUrl:function(t,e){return e.templateUrl||"template/accordion/accordion-group.html"},scope:{heading:"@",isOpen:"=?",isDisabled:"=?"},controller:function(){this.setHeading=function(t){this.heading=t}},link:function(i,n,s,o){e||t.warn("accordion-group is now deprecated. Use uib-accordion-group instead."),o.addGroup(i),i.openClass=s.openClass||"panel-open",i.panelClass=s.panelClass,i.$watch("isOpen",function(t){n.toggleClass(i.openClass,!!t),t&&o.closeOthers(i)}),i.toggleOpen=function(t){i.isDisabled||t&&32!==t.which||(i.isOpen=!i.isOpen)}}}}]).directive("accordionHeading",["$log","$accordionSuppressWarning",function(t,e){return{restrict:"EA",transclude:!0,template:"",replace:!0,require:"^accordionGroup",link:function(i,n,s,o,a){e||t.warn("accordion-heading is now deprecated. Use uib-accordion-heading instead."),o.setHeading(a(i,angular.noop))}}}]).directive("accordionTransclude",["$log","$accordionSuppressWarning",function(t,e){return{require:"^accordionGroup",link:function(i,n,s,o){e||t.warn("accordion-transclude is now deprecated. Use uib-accordion-transclude instead."),i.$watch(function(){return o[s.accordionTransclude]},function(t){t&&(n.find("span").html(""),n.find("span").append(t))})}}}]),angular.module("ui.bootstrap.collapse",[]).directive("uibCollapse",["$animate","$injector",function(t,e){var i=e.has("$animateCss")?e.get("$animateCss"):null;return{link:function(e,n,s){function o(){n.removeClass("collapse").addClass("collapsing").attr("aria-expanded",!0).attr("aria-hidden",!1),i?i(n,{addClass:"in",easing:"ease",to:{height:n[0].scrollHeight+"px"}}).start()["finally"](a):t.addClass(n,"in",{to:{height:n[0].scrollHeight+"px"}}).then(a)}function a(){n.removeClass("collapsing").addClass("collapse").css({height:"auto"})}function r(){return n.hasClass("collapse")||n.hasClass("in")?(n.css({height:n[0].scrollHeight+"px"}).removeClass("collapse").addClass("collapsing").attr("aria-expanded",!1).attr("aria-hidden",!0),void(i?i(n,{removeClass:"in",to:{height:"0"}}).start()["finally"](l):t.removeClass(n,"in",{to:{height:"0"}}).then(l))):l()}function l(){n.css({height:"0"}),n.removeClass("collapsing").addClass("collapse")}e.$watch(s.uibCollapse,function(t){t?r():o()})}}}]),angular.module("ui.bootstrap.collapse").value("$collapseSuppressWarning",!1).directive("collapse",["$animate","$injector","$log","$collapseSuppressWarning",function(t,e,i,n){var s=e.has("$animateCss")?e.get("$animateCss"):null;return{link:function(e,o,a){function r(){o.removeClass("collapse").addClass("collapsing").attr("aria-expanded",!0).attr("aria-hidden",!1),s?s(o,{easing:"ease",to:{height:o[0].scrollHeight+"px"}}).start().done(l):t.animate(o,{},{height:o[0].scrollHeight+"px"}).then(l)}function l(){o.removeClass("collapsing").addClass("collapse in").css({height:"auto"})}function h(){return o.hasClass("collapse")||o.hasClass("in")?(o.css({height:o[0].scrollHeight+"px"}).removeClass("collapse in").addClass("collapsing").attr("aria-expanded",!1).attr("aria-hidden",!0),void(s?s(o,{to:{height:"0"}}).start().done(c):t.animate(o,{},{height:"0"}).then(c))):c()}function c(){o.css({height:"0"}),o.removeClass("collapsing").addClass("collapse")}n||i.warn("collapse is now deprecated. Use uib-collapse instead."),e.$watch(a.collapse,function(t){t?h():r()})}}}]);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js b/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js
index ebe0d50..10435f4 100644
--- a/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js
+++ b/xos/core/xoslib/static/js/xosCeilometerDashboard.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"use strict";angular.module("xos.ceilometerDashboard",["ngResource","ngCookies","ngLodash","ui.router","xos.helpers","ngAnimate","chart.js","ui.bootstrap.accordion"]).config(["$stateProvider","$urlRouterProvider",function(e,t){e.state("ceilometerDashboard",{url:"/",template:"<ceilometer-dashboard></ceilometer-dashboard>"}).state("samples",{url:"/:name/:tenant/samples",template:"<ceilometer-samples></ceilometer-samples>"}),t.otherwise("/")}]).config(["$httpProvider",function(e){e.interceptors.push("NoHyperlinks")}]).run(["$rootScope",function(e){e.stateName="ceilometerDashboard",e.$on("$stateChangeStart",function(t,s){e.stateName=s.name})}]).service("Ceilometer",["$http","$q","lodash",function(e,t,s){this.getMeters=function(){var s=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/meters/",{cache:!0}).then(function(e){s.resolve(e.data)})["catch"](function(e){s.reject(e)}),s.promise},this.getSamples=function(s,n){var r=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/metersamples/",{params:{meter:s,tenant:n}}).then(function(e){r.resolve(e.data)})["catch"](function(e){r.reject(e)}),r.promise},this.getStats=function(n){var r=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/meterstatistics/",{cache:!0}).then(function(e){r.resolve(s.filter(e.data,{slice:n}))})["catch"](function(e){r.reject(e)}),r.promise},this.selectedService=null,this.selectedSlice=null,this.selectedResource=null}]).directive("ceilometerDashboard",["lodash",function(e){return{restrict:"E",scope:{},bindToController:!0,controllerAs:"vm",templateUrl:"templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html",controller:["Ceilometer",function(t){var s=this;console.log(t.selectedService,t.selectedSlice,t.selectedResource),this.accordion={open:{}},this.openPanels=function(){t.selectedService&&(s.accordion.open[t.selectedService]=!0,t.selectedSlice&&(s.selectedSlice=t.selectedSlice,s.selectedResources=s.projects[t.selectedService][t.selectedSlice],t.selectedResource&&(s.selectedResource=t.selectedResource,s.selectedMeters=s.selectedResources[t.selectedResource])))},this.loadMeters=function(){s.loader=!0,t.getMeters().then(function(t){s.projects=e.groupBy(t,"service"),e.forEach(Object.keys(s.projects),function(t){s.projects[t]=e.groupBy(s.projects[t],"slice"),e.forEach(Object.keys(s.projects[t]),function(n){s.projects[t][n]=e.groupBy(s.projects[t][n],"resource_name")})}),s.openPanels()})["catch"](function(e){s.error=e.data.detail})["finally"](function(){s.loader=!1})},this.loadMeters(),this.selectedResources=null,this.selectResources=function(e,n,r){s.selectedResources=null,s.selectedResource=null,s.selectedMeters=null,s.selectedResources=e,s.selectedSlice=n,s.selectedService=r,t.selectedSlice=n,t.selectedService=r},this.selectedMeters=null,this.selectMeters=function(e,n){s.selectedMeters=e,t.selectedResource=n,s.selectedResource=n}}]}}]).directive("ceilometerSamples",["lodash","$stateParams",function(e,t){return{restrict:"E",scope:{name:"=name",tenant:"=tenant"},bindToController:!0,controllerAs:"vm",templateUrl:"templates/ceilometer-samples.tpl.html",controller:["Ceilometer",function(s){var n=this;if(this.chartColors=["#286090","#F7464A","#46BFBD","#FDB45C","#97BBCD","#4D5360","#8c4f9f"],this.chart={series:[],labels:[],data:[]},Chart.defaults.global.colours=this.chartColors,this.chartType="line",!t.name||!t.tenant)throw new Error("Missing Name and Tenant Params!");this.name=t.name,this.tenant=t.tenant,this.getLabels=function(e){return e.reduce(function(e,t){var s=new Date(t.timestamp);return e.push(s.getHours()+":"+((s.getMinutes()<10?"0":"")+s.getMinutes())+":"+s.getSeconds()),e},[])},this.getData=function(e){return e.reduce(function(e,t){return e.push(t.volume),e},[])},this.chartMeters=[],this.addMeterToChart=function(t){n.chart.labels=n.getLabels(e.sortBy(n.samplesList[t],"timestamp")),n.chart.series.push(t),n.chart.data.push(n.getData(e.sortBy(n.samplesList[t],"timestamp"))),n.chartMeters.push(n.samplesList[t][0]),e.remove(n.sampleLabels,{id:t})},this.removeFromChart=function(t){n.chart.data.splice(n.chart.series.indexOf(t.project_id),1),n.chart.series.splice(n.chart.series.indexOf(t.project_id),1),n.chartMeters.splice(e.findIndex(n.chartMeters,{project_id:t.project_id}),1),n.sampleLabels.push({id:t.project_id,name:t.resource_name||t.project_id})},this.formatSamplesLabels=function(t){return e.uniq(t,"project_id").reduce(function(e,t){return e.push({id:t.project_id,name:t.resource_name||t.project_id}),e},[])},this.showSamples=function(){n.loader=!0,s.getSamples(n.name).then(function(t){n.samplesList=e.groupBy(t,"project_id"),n.sampleLabels=n.formatSamplesLabels(t),n.addMeterToChart(n.tenant)})["catch"](function(e){n.error=e.data.detail})["finally"](function(){n.loader=!1})},this.showSamples()}]}}]).directive("ceilometerStats",function(){return{restrict:"E",scope:{name:"=name"},bindToController:!0,controllerAs:"vm",templateUrl:"templates/ceilometer-stats.tpl.html",controller:["$scope","Ceilometer",function(e,t){var s=this;this.getStats=function(){s.loader=!0,t.getStats(s.name).then(function(e){s.stats=e})["catch"](function(e){s.error=e.data})["finally"](function(){s.loader=!1})},this.getStats(),e.$watch(function(){return s.name},function(){s.getStats()})}]}}).filter("orderObjectByKey",["lodash",function(e){return function(t){return t?e.reduce(Object.keys(t).reverse(),function(e,s){return e[s]=t[s],e},{}):void 0}}]),angular.module("xos.ceilometerDashboard").run(["$templateCache",function(e){e.put("templates/accordion-group.html",'<div class="panel {{panelClass || \'panel-default\'}}">\n  <div class="panel-heading" ng-keypress="toggleOpen($event)">\n    <h3>\n      <a href tabindex="0" class="accordion-toggle" ng-click="toggleOpen()" uib-accordion-transclude="heading"><span ng-class="{\'text-muted\': isDisabled}">{{heading}}</span></a>\n    </h3>\n  </div>\n  <div class="panel-collapse collapse" uib-collapse="!isOpen">\n	  <div class="panel-body" ng-transclude></div>\n  </div>\n</div>\n'),e.put("templates/accordion.html",'<div class="panel-group" ng-transclude></div>'),e.put("templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html",'<div class="row">\n  <div class="col-sm-10">\n    <h1>XOS Monitoring Statistics</h1>\n  </div>\n  <div class="col-xs-2 text-right">\n    <a href="" class="btn btn-default" \n      ng-show="vm.selectedResources && !vm.showStats"\n      ng-click="vm.showStats = true">\n      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>\n    </a>\n    <a href="" class="btn btn-default" \n      ng-show="vm.selectedResources && vm.showStats"\n      ng-click="vm.showStats = false">\n      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>\n    </a>\n  </div>\n</div>\n\n<div class="row" ng-show="vm.loader">\n  <div class="col-xs-12">\n    <div class="loader">Loading</div>\n  </div>\n</div>\n\n<section ng-hide="vm.loader" ng-class="{animate: !vm.loader}">\n  <div class="row">\n    <div class="col-sm-3 service-list">\n        <h3>XOS Service: </h3>\n        <uib-accordion close-others="true" template-url="templates/accordion.html">\n          <uib-accordion-group\n            ng-repeat="(service, slices) in vm.projects | orderObjectByKey"\n            template-url="templates/accordion-group.html"\n            is-open="vm.accordion.open[service]"\n            heading="{{service}}">\n            <h4>Slices:</h4>\n            <a ng-repeat="(slice, resources) in slices" \n              ng-class="{active: slice === vm.selectedSlice}"\n              ng-click="vm.selectResources(resources, slice, service)"\n              href="#" class="list-group-item" >\n              {{slice}} <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right pull-right"></i>\n            </a>\n          </uib-accordion-group>\n        </uib-accordion>\n    </div>\n    <section class="side-container col-sm-9">\n      <div class="row">\n        <article ng-hide="!vm.showStats" class="stats animate-slide-left">\n          <div class="col-xs-12">\n            <div class="list-group">\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <h3>Stats</h3>\n              </div>\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <ceilometer-stats ng-if="vm.selectedSlice" name="vm.selectedSlice"></ceilometer-stats>\n              </div>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n        </article>\n        <article ng-hide="vm.showStats" class="meters animate-slide-left">\n          <div class="col-sm-4 animate-slide-left" ng-hide="!vm.selectedResources">\n            <div class="list-group">\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <h3>Resources</h3>\n              </div>\n              <a href="#" \n                ng-click="vm.selectMeters(meters, resource)" \n                class="list-group-item" \n                ng-repeat="(resource, meters) in vm.selectedResources" \n                ng-class="{active: resource === vm.selectedResource}">\n                {{resource}} <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right pull-right"></i>\n              </a>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n          <div class="col-sm-8 animate-slide-left" ng-hide="!vm.selectedMeters">\n            <div class="list-group">\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <h3>Meters</h3>\n              </div>\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <div class="row">\n                  <div class="col-xs-6">\n                    <label>Name:</label>\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3">\n                    <label>Unit:</label>\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3"></div>\n                </div>\n                <div class="row" ng-repeat="meter in vm.selectedMeters" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">\n                  <div class="col-xs-6">\n                    {{meter.name}}\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3">\n                    {{meter.unit}}\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3">\n                    <a ui-sref="samples({name: meter.name, tenant: meter.project_id})" class="btn btn-primary">\n                      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></i>\n                    </a>\n                  </div>\n                </div>\n              </div>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n        </article>\n      </div>\n    </section>\n  </div>\n</section>\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && vm.error">\n  <div class="alert alert-danger">\n    {{vm.error}}\n  </div>\n</section>\n'),e.put("templates/ceilometer-samples.tpl.html",'<!-- <pre>{{ vm | json}}</pre> -->\n\n<div class="row">\n  <div class="col-xs-10">\n    <h1>{{vm.name | uppercase}}</h1>\n  </div>\n  <div class="col-xs-2">\n    <a ui-sref="ceilometerDashboard" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">\n      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left"></i> Back to list\n    </a>\n  </div>\n</div>\n<div class="row" ng-show="vm.loader">\n  <div class="col-xs-12">\n    <div class="loader">Loading</div>\n  </div>\n</div>\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && !vm.error">\n  <div class="row">\n    <form class="form-inline col-xs-8" ng-submit="vm.addMeterToChart(vm.addMeterValue)">\n      <select ng-model="vm.addMeterValue" class="form-control" ng-options="resource.id as resource.name for resource in vm.sampleLabels"></select>\n      <button class="btn btn-success"> \n        <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus"></i> Add\n      </button>\n    </form>\n    <div class="col-xs-4 text-right">\n      <a ng-click="vm.chartType = \'line\'" class="btn" ng-class="{\'btn-default\': vm.chartType != \'bar\', \'btn-primary\': vm.chartType == \'line\'}">Lines</a>\n      <a ng-click="vm.chartType = \'bar\'" class="btn" ng-class="{\'btn-default\': vm.chartType != \'line\', \'btn-primary\': vm.chartType == \'bar\'}">Bars</a>\n    </div>\n  </div>\n  <div class="row" ng-if="!vm.loader">\n    <div class="col-xs-12">\n      <canvas ng-if="vm.chartType === \'line\'" id="line" class="chart chart-line" chart-data="vm.chart.data" chart-options="{datasetFill: false}"\n        chart-labels="vm.chart.labels" chart-legend="false" chart-series="vm.chart.series">\n      </canvas>\n      <canvas ng-if="vm.chartType === \'bar\'" id="bar" class="chart chart-bar" chart-data="vm.chart.data"\n        chart-labels="vm.chart.labels" chart-legend="false" chart-series="vm.chart.series">\n      </canvas>\n      <!-- <pre>{{vm.chartMeters | json}}</pre> -->\n    </div>\n  </div>\n  <div class="row" ng-if="!vm.loader">\n    <div class="col-xs-12">\n      <a ng-click="vm.removeFromChart(meter)" class="btn btn-chart" ng-style="{\'background-color\': vm.chartColors[$index]}" ng-repeat="meter in vm.chartMeters">\n        {{meter.resource_name || meter.resource_id}}\n      </a>\n    </div>\n  </div>\n</section>\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && vm.error">\n  <div class="alert alert-danger">\n    {{vm.error}}\n  </div>\n</section>'),e.put("templates/ceilometer-stats.tpl.html",'<div ng-show="vm.loader" class="loader">Loading</div>\n\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && !vm.error">\n\n  <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-if="vm.stats.length == 0">\n    No result\n  </div>  \n\n  <table class="table" ng-if="vm.stats.length > 0">\n    <tr>\n      <th>\n        <a ng-click="order = \'category\'">Type:</a>\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        <a ng-click="order = \'resource_name\'">Resource:</a>\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        <a ng-click="order = \'meter\'">Meter:</a>\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        Unit:\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        Value:\n      </th>\n    </tr>\n    <!-- <tr>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.category">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.resource_name">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.meter">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.unit">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.value">\n      </td>\n    </tr> -->\n    <tr ng-repeat="item in vm.stats | orderBy:order">\n      <td>{{item.category}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.resource_name}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.meter}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.unit}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.value}}</td>\n    </tr>\n  </table>\n</section>\n\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && vm.error">\n  <div class="alert alert-danger">\n    {{vm.error}}\n  </div>\n</section>\n')}]),angular.module("xos.ceilometerDashboard").run(["$location",function(e){e.path("/")}]),angular.bootstrap(angular.element("#xosCeilometerDashboard"),["xos.ceilometerDashboard"]);
\ No newline at end of file
+"use strict";angular.module("xos.ceilometerDashboard",["ngResource","ngCookies","ngLodash","ui.router","xos.helpers","ngAnimate","chart.js","ui.bootstrap.accordion"]).config(["$stateProvider","$urlRouterProvider",function(e,t){e.state("ceilometerDashboard",{url:"/",template:"<ceilometer-dashboard></ceilometer-dashboard>"}).state("samples",{url:"/:name/:tenant/samples",template:"<ceilometer-samples></ceilometer-samples>"}),t.otherwise("/")}]).config(["$httpProvider",function(e){e.interceptors.push("NoHyperlinks")}]).run(["$rootScope",function(e){e.stateName="ceilometerDashboard",e.$on("$stateChangeStart",function(t,n){e.stateName=n.name})}]).service("Ceilometer",["$http","$q","lodash",function(e,t,n){this.getMappings=function(){var n=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/xos-slice-service-mapping/").then(function(e){n.resolve(e.data)})["catch"](function(e){n.reject(e)}),n.promise},this.getMeters=function(n){var s=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/meters/",{cache:!0,params:n}).then(function(e){s.resolve(e.data)})["catch"](function(e){s.reject(e)}),s.promise},this.getSamples=function(n,s){var a=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/metersamples/",{params:{meter:n,tenant:s}}).then(function(e){a.resolve(e.data)})["catch"](function(e){a.reject(e)}),a.promise},this.getStats=function(n){var s=t.defer();return e.get("/xoslib/meterstatistics/",{cache:!0,params:n}).then(function(e){s.resolve(e.data)})["catch"](function(e){s.reject(e)}),s.promise},this.selectedService=null,this.selectedSlice=null,this.selectedResource=null}]).directive("ceilometerDashboard",["lodash",function(e){return{restrict:"E",scope:{},bindToController:!0,controllerAs:"vm",templateUrl:"templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html",controller:["Ceilometer",function(t){var n=this;this.showStats=!1,this.accordion={open:{}},this.openPanels=function(){t.selectedService&&(n.accordion.open[t.selectedService]=!0,t.selectedSlice&&(n.loadSliceMeter(t.selectedSlice,t.selectedService),n.selectedSlice=t.selectedSlice,t.selectedResource&&(n.selectedResource=t.selectedResource)))},this.loadMappings=function(){n.loader=!0,t.getMappings().then(function(e){n.services=e,n.openPanels()})["catch"](function(e){n.error=e.data&&e.data.detail?e.data.detail:"An Error occurred. Please try again later."})["finally"](function(){n.loader=!1})},this.loadMappings(),this.loadSliceMeter=function(s,a){t.selectedSlice=null,t.selectedService=null,t.selectedResources=null,n.loader=!0,n.selectedSlice=s.slice,n.selectedTenant=s.project_id,t.selectedSlice=s,t.selectedService=a,t.getMeters({tenant:s.project_id}).then(function(s){n.selectedResources=e.groupBy(s,"resource_name"),t.selectedResource&&(n.selectedMeters=n.selectedResources[t.selectedResource])})["catch"](function(e){n.error=e.data&&e.data.detail?e.data.detail:"An Error occurred. Please try again later."})["finally"](function(){n.loader=!1})},this.selectedMeters=null,this.selectMeters=function(e,s){n.selectedMeters=e,t.selectedResource=s,n.selectedResource=s}}]}}]).directive("ceilometerSamples",["lodash","$stateParams",function(e,t){return{restrict:"E",scope:{},bindToController:!0,controllerAs:"vm",templateUrl:"templates/ceilometer-samples.tpl.html",controller:["Ceilometer",function(n){var s=this;if(this.chartColors=["#286090","#F7464A","#46BFBD","#FDB45C","#97BBCD","#4D5360","#8c4f9f"],this.chart={series:[],labels:[],data:[]},Chart.defaults.global.colours=this.chartColors,this.chartType="line",!t.name||!t.tenant)throw new Error("Missing Name and Tenant Params!");this.name=t.name,this.tenant=t.tenant,this.getLabels=function(e){return e.reduce(function(e,t){var n=new Date(t.timestamp);return e.push(n.getHours()+":"+((n.getMinutes()<10?"0":"")+n.getMinutes())+":"+n.getSeconds()),e},[])},this.getData=function(e){return e.reduce(function(e,t){return e.push(t.volume),e},[])},this.chartMeters=[],this.addMeterToChart=function(t){s.chart.labels=s.getLabels(e.sortBy(s.samplesList[t],"timestamp")),s.chart.series.push(t),s.chart.data.push(s.getData(e.sortBy(s.samplesList[t],"timestamp"))),s.chartMeters.push(s.samplesList[t][0]),e.remove(s.sampleLabels,{id:t})},this.removeFromChart=function(t){s.chart.data.splice(s.chart.series.indexOf(t.project_id),1),s.chart.series.splice(s.chart.series.indexOf(t.project_id),1),s.chartMeters.splice(e.findIndex(s.chartMeters,{project_id:t.project_id}),1),s.sampleLabels.push({id:t.project_id,name:t.resource_name||t.project_id})},this.formatSamplesLabels=function(t){return e.uniq(t,"project_id").reduce(function(e,t){return e.push({id:t.project_id,name:t.resource_name||t.project_id}),e},[])},this.showSamples=function(){s.loader=!0,n.getSamples(s.name).then(function(t){s.samplesList=e.groupBy(t,"project_id"),s.sampleLabels=s.formatSamplesLabels(t),s.addMeterToChart(s.tenant)})["catch"](function(e){s.error=e.data.detail})["finally"](function(){s.loader=!1})},this.showSamples()}]}}]).directive("ceilometerStats",function(){return{restrict:"E",scope:{name:"=name",tenant:"=tenant"},bindToController:!0,controllerAs:"vm",templateUrl:"templates/ceilometer-stats.tpl.html",controller:["$scope","Ceilometer",function(e,t){var n=this;this.getStats=function(e){n.loader=!0,t.getStats({tenant:e}).then(function(e){n.stats=e})["catch"](function(e){n.error=e.data})["finally"](function(){n.loader=!1})},e.$watch(function(){return n.name},function(e){e&&n.getStats(n.tenant)})}]}}),angular.module("xos.ceilometerDashboard").run(["$templateCache",function(e){e.put("templates/accordion-group.html",'<div class="panel {{panelClass || \'panel-default\'}}">\n  <div class="panel-heading" ng-keypress="toggleOpen($event)">\n    <h3>\n      <a href tabindex="0" class="accordion-toggle" ng-click="toggleOpen()" uib-accordion-transclude="heading"><span ng-class="{\'text-muted\': isDisabled}">{{heading}}</span></a>\n    </h3>\n  </div>\n  <div class="panel-collapse collapse" uib-collapse="!isOpen">\n	  <div class="panel-body" ng-transclude></div>\n  </div>\n</div>\n'),e.put("templates/accordion.html",'<div class="panel-group" ng-transclude></div>'),e.put("templates/ceilometer-dashboard.tpl.html",'<div class="row">\n  <div class="col-sm-10">\n    <h1>XOS Monitoring Statistics</h1>\n  </div>\n  <div class="col-xs-2 text-right">\n    <a href="" class="btn btn-default" \n      ng-show="vm.selectedSlice && !vm.showStats"\n      ng-click="vm.showStats = true">\n      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>\n    </a>\n    <a href="" class="btn btn-default" \n      ng-show="vm.selectedSlice && vm.showStats"\n      ng-click="vm.showStats = false">\n      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-transfer"></i>\n    </a>\n  </div>\n</div>\n\n<div class="row" ng-show="vm.loader">\n  <div class="col-xs-12">\n    <div class="loader">Loading</div>\n  </div>\n</div>\n\n<section ng-hide="vm.loader" ng-class="{animate: !vm.loader}">\n  <div class="row">\n    <div class="col-sm-3 service-list">\n        <h3>XOS Service: </h3>\n        <uib-accordion close-others="true" template-url="templates/accordion.html">\n          <uib-accordion-group\n            ng-repeat="service in vm.services | orderBy:\'-service\'"\n            template-url="templates/accordion-group.html"\n            is-open="vm.accordion.open[service.service]"\n            heading="{{service.service}}">\n            <h4>Slices:</h4>\n            <a ng-repeat="slice in service.slices" \n              ng-class="{active: slice.slice === vm.selectedSlice}"\n              ng-click="vm.loadSliceMeter(slice, service.service)"\n              href="#" class="list-group-item" >\n              {{slice.slice}} <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right pull-right"></i>\n            </a>\n          </uib-accordion-group>\n        </uib-accordion>\n    </div>\n    <section class="side-container col-sm-9">\n      <div class="row">\n        <!-- STATS -->\n        <article ng-hide="!vm.showStats" class="stats animate-slide-left">\n          <div class="col-xs-12">\n            <div class="list-group">\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <h3>Stats</h3>\n              </div>\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <ceilometer-stats ng-if="vm.selectedSlice" name="vm.selectedSlice" tenant="vm.selectedTenant"></ceilometer-stats>\n              </div>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n        </article>\n        <!-- METERS -->\n        <article ng-hide="vm.showStats" class="meters animate-slide-left">\n          <div class="col-sm-4 animate-slide-left" ng-hide="!vm.selectedSlice">\n            <div class="list-group">\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <h3>Resources</h3>\n              </div>\n              <a href="#" \n                ng-click="vm.selectMeters(meters, resource)" \n                class="list-group-item" \n                ng-repeat="(resource, meters) in vm.selectedResources" \n                ng-class="{active: resource === vm.selectedResource}">\n                {{resource}} <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right pull-right"></i>\n              </a>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n          <div class="col-sm-8 animate-slide-left" ng-hide="!vm.selectedMeters">\n            <div class="list-group">\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <h3>Meters</h3>\n              </div>\n              <div class="list-group-item">\n                <div class="row">\n                  <div class="col-xs-6">\n                    <label>Name:</label>\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3">\n                    <label>Unit:</label>\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3"></div>\n                </div>\n                <div class="row" ng-repeat="meter in vm.selectedMeters" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">\n                  <div class="col-xs-6">\n                    {{meter.name}}\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3">\n                    {{meter.unit}}\n                  </div>\n                  <div class="col-xs-3">\n                    <a ui-sref="samples({name: meter.name, tenant: meter.project_id})" class="btn btn-primary">\n                      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></i>\n                    </a>\n                  </div>\n                </div>\n              </div>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n        </article>\n      </div>\n    </section>\n  </div>\n</section>\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && vm.error">\n  <div class="alert alert-danger">\n    {{vm.error}}\n  </div>\n</section>\n'),e.put("templates/ceilometer-samples.tpl.html",'<!-- <pre>{{ vm | json}}</pre> -->\n\n<div class="row">\n  <div class="col-xs-10">\n    <h1>{{vm.name | uppercase}}</h1>\n  </div>\n  <div class="col-xs-2">\n    <a ui-sref="ceilometerDashboard" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">\n      <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left"></i> Back to list\n    </a>\n  </div>\n</div>\n<div class="row" ng-show="vm.loader">\n  <div class="col-xs-12">\n    <div class="loader">Loading</div>\n  </div>\n</div>\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && !vm.error">\n  <div class="row">\n    <form class="form-inline col-xs-8" ng-submit="vm.addMeterToChart(vm.addMeterValue)">\n      <select ng-model="vm.addMeterValue" class="form-control" ng-options="resource.id as resource.name for resource in vm.sampleLabels"></select>\n      <button class="btn btn-success"> \n        <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus"></i> Add\n      </button>\n    </form>\n    <div class="col-xs-4 text-right">\n      <a ng-click="vm.chartType = \'line\'" class="btn" ng-class="{\'btn-default\': vm.chartType != \'bar\', \'btn-primary\': vm.chartType == \'line\'}">Lines</a>\n      <a ng-click="vm.chartType = \'bar\'" class="btn" ng-class="{\'btn-default\': vm.chartType != \'line\', \'btn-primary\': vm.chartType == \'bar\'}">Bars</a>\n    </div>\n  </div>\n  <div class="row" ng-if="!vm.loader">\n    <div class="col-xs-12">\n      <canvas ng-if="vm.chartType === \'line\'" id="line" class="chart chart-line" chart-data="vm.chart.data" chart-options="{datasetFill: false}"\n        chart-labels="vm.chart.labels" chart-legend="false" chart-series="vm.chart.series">\n      </canvas>\n      <canvas ng-if="vm.chartType === \'bar\'" id="bar" class="chart chart-bar" chart-data="vm.chart.data"\n        chart-labels="vm.chart.labels" chart-legend="false" chart-series="vm.chart.series">\n      </canvas>\n      <!-- <pre>{{vm.chartMeters | json}}</pre> -->\n    </div>\n  </div>\n  <div class="row" ng-if="!vm.loader">\n    <div class="col-xs-12">\n      <a ng-click="vm.removeFromChart(meter)" class="btn btn-chart" ng-style="{\'background-color\': vm.chartColors[$index]}" ng-repeat="meter in vm.chartMeters">\n        {{meter.resource_name || meter.resource_id}}\n      </a>\n    </div>\n  </div>\n</section>\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && vm.error">\n  <div class="alert alert-danger">\n    {{vm.error}}\n  </div>\n</section>'),e.put("templates/ceilometer-stats.tpl.html",'<div ng-show="vm.loader" class="loader">Loading</div>\n\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && !vm.error">\n\n  <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-if="vm.stats.length == 0">\n    No result\n  </div>  \n\n  <table class="table" ng-if="vm.stats.length > 0">\n    <tr>\n      <th>\n        <a ng-click="order = \'category\'">Type:</a>\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        <a ng-click="order = \'resource_name\'">Resource:</a>\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        <a ng-click="order = \'meter\'">Meter:</a>\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        Unit:\n      </th>\n      <th>\n        Value:\n      </th>\n    </tr>\n    <!-- <tr>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.category">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.resource_name">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.meter">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.unit">\n      </td>\n      <td>\n        <input type="text" ng-model="query.value">\n      </td>\n    </tr> -->\n    <tr ng-repeat="item in vm.stats | orderBy:order">\n      <td>{{item.category}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.resource_name}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.meter}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.unit}}</td>\n      <td>{{item.value}}</td>\n    </tr>\n  </table>\n</section>\n\n<section ng-if="!vm.loader && vm.error">\n  <div class="alert alert-danger">\n    {{vm.error}}\n  </div>\n</section>\n')}]),angular.module("xos.ceilometerDashboard").run(["$location",function(e){e.path("/")}]),angular.bootstrap(angular.element("#xosCeilometerDashboard"),["xos.ceilometerDashboard"]);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/xos/services/ceilometer/admin.py b/xos/services/ceilometer/admin.py
index ed8e47a..062a2ae 100644
--- a/xos/services/ceilometer/admin.py
+++ b/xos/services/ceilometer/admin.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic
 from suit.widgets import LinkedSelect
-from core.admin import ServiceAppAdmin,SliceInline,ServiceAttrAsTabInline, ReadOnlyAwareAdmin, XOSTabularInline, ServicePrivilegeInline, TenantRootTenantInline, TenantRootPrivilegeInline
+from core.admin import ServiceAppAdmin,SliceInline,ServiceAttrAsTabInline, ReadOnlyAwareAdmin, XOSTabularInline, ServicePrivilegeInline, TenantRootTenantInline, TenantRootPrivilegeInline, TenantAttrAsTabInline
 from core.middleware import get_request
 
 from functools import update_wrapper
@@ -18,15 +18,32 @@
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.contrib.admin.utils import quote
 
+class CeilometerServiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
+    ceilometer_pub_sub_url = forms.CharField(required=False, max_length=1024, help_text="REST URL of ceilometer PUB/SUB component in http://IP:port/ format")
+
+    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
+        super (CeilometerServiceForm,self ).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
+        if self.instance:
+            # fields for the attributes
+            self.fields['ceilometer_pub_sub_url'].initial = self.instance.ceilometer_pub_sub_url
+
+    def save(self, commit=True):
+        self.instance.ceilometer_pub_sub_url = self.cleaned_data.get("ceilometer_pub_sub_url")
+        return super(CeilometerServiceForm, self).save(commit=commit)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = CeilometerService
+
 class CeilometerServiceAdmin(ReadOnlyAwareAdmin):
     model = CeilometerService
     verbose_name = "Ceilometer Service"
     verbose_name_plural = "Ceilometer Service"
     list_display = ("backend_status_icon", "name", "enabled")
     list_display_links = ('backend_status_icon', 'name', )
-    fieldsets = [(None, {'fields': ['backend_status_text', 'name','enabled','versionNumber', 'description',"view_url","icon_url" ], 'classes':['suit-tab suit-tab-general']})]
+    fieldsets = [(None, {'fields': ['backend_status_text', 'name','enabled','versionNumber', 'description','ceilometer_pub_sub_url', "view_url","icon_url" ], 'classes':['suit-tab suit-tab-general']})]
     readonly_fields = ('backend_status_text', )
     inlines = [SliceInline,ServiceAttrAsTabInline,ServicePrivilegeInline]
+    form = CeilometerServiceForm
 
     extracontext_registered_admins = True
 
@@ -97,6 +114,101 @@
     def queryset(self, request):
         return MonitoringChannel.get_tenant_objects_by_user(request.user)
 
+class SFlowServiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
+    sflow_port = forms.IntegerField(required=False)
+    sflow_api_port = forms.IntegerField(required=False)
+
+    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
+        super (SFlowServiceForm,self ).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
+        if self.instance:
+            # fields for the attributes
+            self.fields['sflow_port'].initial = self.instance.sflow_port
+            self.fields['sflow_api_port'].initial = self.instance.sflow_api_port
+        if (not self.instance) or (not self.instance.pk):
+            # default fields for an 'add' form
+            self.fields['sflow_port'].initial = SFLOW_PORT
+            self.fields['sflow_api_port'].initial = SFLOW_API_PORT
+
+    def save(self, commit=True):
+        self.instance.sflow_port = self.cleaned_data.get("sflow_port")
+        self.instance.sflow_api_port = self.cleaned_data.get("sflow_api_port")
+        return super(SFlowServiceForm, self).save(commit=commit)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = SFlowService
+
+class SFlowServiceAdmin(ReadOnlyAwareAdmin):
+    model = SFlowService
+    verbose_name = "SFlow Service"
+    verbose_name_plural = "SFlow Service"
+    list_display = ("backend_status_icon", "name", "enabled")
+    list_display_links = ('backend_status_icon', 'name', )
+    fieldsets = [(None, {'fields': ['backend_status_text', 'name','enabled','versionNumber', 'description',"view_url","sflow_port","sflow_api_port","icon_url" ], 'classes':['suit-tab suit-tab-general']})]
+    readonly_fields = ('backend_status_text', )
+    inlines = [SliceInline,ServiceAttrAsTabInline,ServicePrivilegeInline]
+    form = SFlowServiceForm
+
+    extracontext_registered_admins = True
+
+    user_readonly_fields = ["name", "enabled", "versionNumber", "description"]
+
+    suit_form_tabs =(('general', 'SFlow Service Details'),
+        ('administration', 'Administration'),
+        ('slices','Slices'),
+        ('serviceattrs','Additional Attributes'),
+        ('serviceprivileges','Privileges'),
+    )
+
+    suit_form_includes = (('sflowadmin.html', 'top', 'administration'),
+                           )
+
+    def queryset(self, request):
+        return SFlowService.get_service_objects_by_user(request.user)
+
+class SFlowTenantForm(forms.ModelForm):
+    creator = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=User.objects.all())
+    listening_endpoint = forms.CharField(max_length=1024, help_text="sFlow listening endpoint in udp://IP:port format")
+
+    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
+        super (SFlowTenantForm,self ).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
+        self.fields['kind'].widget.attrs['readonly'] = True
+        self.fields['provider_service'].queryset = SFlowService.get_service_objects().all()
+        if self.instance:
+            # fields for the attributes
+            self.fields['creator'].initial = self.instance.creator
+            self.fields['listening_endpoint'].initial = self.instance.listening_endpoint
+        if (not self.instance) or (not self.instance.pk):
+            # default fields for an 'add' form
+            self.fields['kind'].initial = SFLOW_KIND
+            self.fields['creator'].initial = get_request().user
+            if SFlowService.get_service_objects().exists():
+               self.fields["provider_service"].initial = SFlowService.get_service_objects().all()[0]
+
+    def save(self, commit=True):
+        self.instance.creator = self.cleaned_data.get("creator")
+        self.instance.listening_endpoint = self.cleaned_data.get("listening_endpoint")
+        return super(SFlowTenantForm, self).save(commit=commit)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = SFlowTenant
+
+class SFlowTenantAdmin(ReadOnlyAwareAdmin):
+    list_display = ('backend_status_icon', 'creator', 'listening_endpoint' )
+    list_display_links = ('backend_status_icon', 'listening_endpoint')
+    fieldsets = [ (None, {'fields': ['backend_status_text', 'kind', 'provider_service', 'subscriber_service', 'service_specific_attribute', 'listening_endpoint',
+                                     'creator'],
+                          'classes':['suit-tab suit-tab-general']})]
+    readonly_fields = ('backend_status_text', 'instance', 'service_specific_attribute')
+    inlines = [TenantAttrAsTabInline]
+    form = SFlowTenantForm
+
+    suit_form_tabs = (('general','Details'), ('tenantattrs', 'Attributes'))
+
+    def queryset(self, request):
+        return SFlowTenant.get_tenant_objects_by_user(request.user)
+
 admin.site.register(CeilometerService, CeilometerServiceAdmin)
+admin.site.register(SFlowService, SFlowServiceAdmin)
 admin.site.register(MonitoringChannel, MonitoringChannelAdmin)
+admin.site.register(SFlowTenant, SFlowTenantAdmin)
 
diff --git a/xos/services/ceilometer/models.py b/xos/services/ceilometer/models.py
index e149eb5..42734de 100644
--- a/xos/services/ceilometer/models.py
+++ b/xos/services/ceilometer/models.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from xos.exceptions import *
 from core.models import SlicePrivilege, SitePrivilege
 from sets import Set
+from urlparse import urlparse
 
 CEILOMETER_KIND = "ceilometer"
 
@@ -21,6 +22,14 @@
         verbose_name = "Ceilometer Service"
         proxy = True
 
+    @property
+    def ceilometer_pub_sub_url(self):
+        return self.get_attribute("ceilometer_pub_sub_url", None)
+
+    @ceilometer_pub_sub_url.setter
+    def ceilometer_pub_sub_url(self, value):
+        self.set_attribute("ceilometer_pub_sub_url", value)
+
 class MonitoringChannel(TenantWithContainer):   # aka 'CeilometerTenant'
     class Meta:
         proxy = True
@@ -165,3 +174,128 @@
         mc.manage_container()
 
 
+SFLOW_KIND = "sflow"
+SFLOW_PORT = 6343
+SFLOW_API_PORT = 33333
+
+class SFlowService(Service):
+    KIND = SFLOW_KIND
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "ceilometer"
+        verbose_name = "sFlow Collection Service"
+        proxy = True
+
+    default_attributes = {"sflow_port": SFLOW_PORT, "sflow_api_port": SFLOW_API_PORT}
+
+    sync_attributes = ("sflow_port", "sflow_api_port",)
+
+    @property
+    def sflow_port(self):
+        return self.get_attribute("sflow_port", self.default_attributes["sflow_port"])
+
+    @sflow_port.setter
+    def sflow_port(self, value):
+        self.set_attribute("sflow_port", value)
+
+    @property
+    def sflow_api_port(self):
+        return self.get_attribute("sflow_api_port", self.default_attributes["sflow_api_port"])
+
+    @sflow_api_port.setter
+    def sflow_api_port(self, value):
+        self.set_attribute("sflow_api_port", value)
+
+    def get_instance(self):
+        if self.slices.exists():
+            slice = self.slices.all()[0]
+            if slice.instances.exists():
+                return slice.instances.all()[0]
+
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def sflow_api_url(self):
+        if not self.get_instance():
+            return None
+        return "http://" + self.get_instance().get_ssh_ip() + ":" + str(self.sflow_api_port) + "/"
+
+class SFlowTenant(Tenant): 
+    class Meta:
+        proxy = True
+
+    KIND = SFLOW_KIND
+
+    sync_attributes = ("listening_endpoint", )
+
+    default_attributes = {}
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        sflow_services = SFlowService.get_service_objects().all()
+        if sflow_services:
+            self._meta.get_field("provider_service").default = sflow_services[0].id
+        super(SFlowTenant, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def creator(self):
+        from core.models import User
+        if getattr(self, "cached_creator", None):
+            return self.cached_creator
+        creator_id=self.get_attribute("creator_id")
+        if not creator_id:
+            return None
+        users=User.objects.filter(id=creator_id)
+        if not users:
+            return None
+        user=users[0]
+        self.cached_creator = users[0]
+        return user
+
+    @creator.setter
+    def creator(self, value):
+        if value:
+            value = value.id
+        if (value != self.get_attribute("creator_id", None)):
+            self.cached_creator=None
+        self.set_attribute("creator_id", value)
+
+    @property
+    def listening_endpoint(self):
+        return self.get_attribute("listening_endpoint", None)
+
+    @listening_endpoint.setter
+    def listening_endpoint(self, value):
+        if urlparse(value).scheme != 'udp':
+            raise XOSProgrammingError("SFlowTenant: Only UDP listening endpoint URLs are accepted...valid syntax is: udp://ip:port")
+        self.set_attribute("listening_endpoint", value)
+
+    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if not self.creator:
+            if not getattr(self, "caller", None):
+                # caller must be set when creating a SFlow tenant since it creates a slice
+                raise XOSProgrammingError("SFlowTenant's self.caller was not set")
+            self.creator = self.caller
+            if not self.creator:
+                raise XOSProgrammingError("SFlowTenant's self.creator was not set")
+
+        if not self.listening_endpoint:
+            raise XOSProgrammingError("SFlowTenant's self.listening_endpoint was not set")
+
+        if self.pk is None:
+            #Allow only one sflow channel per user and listening_endpoint
+            channel_count = sum ( [1 for channel in SFlowTenant.objects.filter(kind=SFLOW_KIND) if ((channel.creator == self.creator) and (channel.listening_endpoint == self.listening_endpoint))] )
+            if channel_count > 0:
+                raise XOSValidationError("Already %s sflow channels exist for user Can only create max 1 tenant per user and listening endpoint" % str(channel_count))
+
+        super(SFlowTenant, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(MonitoringChannel, self).delete(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def authorized_resource_list(self):
+        return ['all']
+
+    @property
+    def authorized_resource_list_str(self):
+        return ", ".join(self.authorized_resource_list)
+
diff --git a/xos/services/ceilometer/templates/sflowadmin.html b/xos/services/ceilometer/templates/sflowadmin.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da2a8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/services/ceilometer/templates/sflowadmin.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div class = "left-nav">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/admin/ceilometer/sflowtenant/">sFlow Tenants</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
diff --git a/xos/services/cord/models.py b/xos/services/cord/models.py
index 4b794b4..bf20e86 100644
--- a/xos/services/cord/models.py
+++ b/xos/services/cord/models.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
 from django.db.models import Q
 from operator import itemgetter, attrgetter, methodcaller
+from core.models import Tag
+from core.models.service import LeastLoadedNodeScheduler
 import traceback
 from xos.exceptions import *
 
@@ -474,6 +476,12 @@
 
 VCPEService.setup_simple_attributes()
 
+#class STagBlock(PlCoreBase):
+#    instance = models.ForeignKey(Instance, related_name="s_tags")
+#    s_tag = models.CharField(null=false, blank=false, unique=true, max_length=10)
+#    #c_tags = models.TextField(null=true, blank=true)
+#
+#    def __unicode__(self): return u'%s' % (self.s_tag)
 
 class VCPETenant(TenantWithContainer):
     class Meta:
@@ -663,6 +671,78 @@
                 # print "XXX clean up orphaned instance", instances[0]
                 instances[0].delete()
 
+    def get_slice(self):
+        if not self.provider_service.slices.count():
+            raise XOSConfigurationError("The service has no slices")
+        slice = self.provider_service.slices.all()[0]
+        return slice
+
+    def find_instance_for_s_tag(self, s_tag):
+        #s_tags = STagBlock.objects.find(s_s_tag)
+        #if s_tags:
+        #    return s_tags[0].instance
+
+        tags = Tag.objects.filter(name="s_tag", value=s_tag)
+        if tags:
+            return tags[0].content_object
+
+        return None
+
+    def find_or_make_instance_for_s_tag(self, s_tag):
+        instance = self.find_instance_for_s_tag(self.volt.s_tag)
+        if instance:
+            return instance
+
+        flavors = Flavor.objects.filter(name="m1.small")
+        if not flavors:
+            raise XOSConfigurationError("No m1.small flavor")
+
+        slice = self.provider_service.slices.all()[0]
+
+        if slice.default_isolation == "container_vm":
+            (node, parent) = ContainerVmScheduler(slice).pick()
+        else:
+            (node, parent) = LeastLoadedNodeScheduler(slice).pick()
+
+        instance = Instance(slice = slice,
+                        node = node,
+                        image = self.image,
+                        creator = self.creator,
+                        deployment = node.site_deployment.deployment,
+                        flavor = flavors[0],
+                        isolation = slice.default_isolation,
+                        parent = parent)
+        self.save_instance(instance)
+
+        return instance
+
+    def manage_container(self):
+        from core.models import Instance, Flavor
+
+        if self.deleted:
+            return
+
+        # For container or container_vm isolation, use what TenantWithCotnainer
+        # provides us
+        slice = self.get_slice()
+        if slice.default_isolation in ["container_vm", "container"]:
+            super(VCPETenant,self).manage_container()
+            return
+
+        if not self.volt:
+            raise XOSConfigurationError("This vCPE container has no volt")
+
+        instance = self.find_or_make_instance_for_s_tag(self.volt.s_tag)
+        self.instance = instance
+        super(TenantWithContainer, self).save()
+
+    def cleanup_container(self):
+        if self.get_slice().default_isolation in ["container_vm", "container"]:
+            super(VCPETenant,self).cleanup_container()
+
+        # To-do: cleanup unused instances
+        pass
+
     def manage_bbs_account(self):
         if self.deleted:
             return
@@ -709,6 +789,14 @@
                 port.set_parameter("next_hop", value="10.0.1.253")   # FIX ME
                 port.set_parameter("device", "eth0")
 
+            # tag the instance with the s-tag, so we can easily find the
+            # instance later
+            if self.volt and self.volt.s_tag:
+                tags = Tag.objects.filter(name="s_tag", value=self.volt.s_tag)
+                if not tags:
+                    tag = Tag(service=self.provider_service, content_object=instance, name="s_tag", value=self.volt.s_tag)
+                    tag.save()
+
     def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if not self.creator:
             if not getattr(self, "caller", None):
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.py b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.py
index db7d318..2c0ba10 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 from synchronizers.base.ansible import run_template_ssh
 from synchronizers.base.SyncInstanceUsingAnsible import SyncInstanceUsingAnsible
 from core.models import Service, Slice
-from services.ceilometer.models import MonitoringChannel
+from services.ceilometer.models import CeilometerService, MonitoringChannel
 from xos.logger import Logger, logging
 
 parentdir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"..")
@@ -42,6 +42,13 @@
         #   2) Ceilometer API service endpoint URL if running externally
         #   3) Credentials to access Ceilometer API service
 
+        ceilometer_services = CeilometerService.get_service_objects().filter(id=o.provider_service.id)
+        if not ceilometer_services:
+            raise "No associated Ceilometer service"
+        ceilometer_service = ceilometer_services[0]
+        ceilometer_pub_sub_url = ceilometer_service.ceilometer_pub_sub_url
+        if not ceilometer_pub_sub_url:
+            ceilometer_pub_sub_url = ''
         instance = self.get_instance(o)
 
         try:
@@ -55,6 +62,7 @@
                   "admin_user":instance.controller.admin_user,
                   "admin_password":instance.controller.admin_password,
                   "admin_tenant":instance.controller.admin_tenant,
+                  "ceilometer_pub_sub_url": ceilometer_pub_sub_url,
                   "full_setup": full_setup}
 
         return fields
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.yaml b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.yaml
index cedf3a4..6cda511 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.yaml
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_monitoringchannel.yaml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
       ceilometer_client_acess_ip: {{ ceilometer_ip }}
       ceilometer_client_acess_mac: {{ ceilometer_mac }}
       ceilometer_host_port: {{ ceilometer_port }}
+      ceilometer_pub_sub_url: {{ ceilometer_pub_sub_url }}
       allowed_tenant_ids:
         {% for allowed_tenant_id in allowed_tenant_ids %}
         - {{ allowed_tenant_id }}
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowservice.py b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowservice.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e5cd83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowservice.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import hashlib
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import base64
+import time
+from django.db.models import F, Q
+from xos.config import Config
+from synchronizers.base.syncstep import SyncStep
+from synchronizers.base.ansible import run_template_ssh
+from synchronizers.base.SyncInstanceUsingAnsible import SyncInstanceUsingAnsible
+from core.models import Service, Slice
+from services.ceilometer.models import SFlowService
+from xos.logger import Logger, logging
+
+# hpclibrary will be in steps/..
+parentdir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"..")
+sys.path.insert(0,parentdir)
+
+logger = Logger(level=logging.INFO)
+
+class SyncSFlowService(SyncInstanceUsingAnsible):
+    provides=[SFlowService]
+    observes=SFlowService
+    requested_interval=0
+    template_name = "sync_sflowservice.yaml"
+    service_key_name = "/opt/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/monitoring_channel_private_key"
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(SyncSFlowService, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def fetch_pending(self, deleted):
+        if (not deleted):
+            objs = SFlowService.get_service_objects().filter(Q(enacted__lt=F('updated')) | Q(enacted=None),Q(lazy_blocked=False))
+        else:
+            objs = SFlowService.get_deleted_service_objects()
+
+        return objs
+
+    def get_instance(self, o):
+        # We assume the ONOS service owns a slice, so pick one of the instances
+        # inside that slice to sync to.
+
+        serv = o
+
+        if serv.slices.exists():
+            slice = serv.slices.all()[0]
+            if slice.instances.exists():
+                return slice.instances.all()[0]
+
+        return None
+
+    def get_extra_attributes(self, o):
+        fields={}
+        fields["instance_hostname"] = self.get_instance(o).instance_name.replace("_","-")
+        fields["sflow_port"] = o.sflow_port
+        fields["sflow_api_port"] = o.sflow_api_port
+        fields["nat_ip"] = self.get_instance(o).get_ssh_ip()
+        fields["sflow_container"] = "sflowpubsub"
+        return fields
+
+    def sync_fields(self, o, fields):
+        # the super causes the playbook to be run
+        super(SyncSFlowService, self).sync_fields(o, fields)
+
+    def run_playbook(self, o, fields):
+        instance = self.get_instance(o)
+        if (instance.isolation=="container"):
+            # If the instance is already a container, then we don't need to
+            # install ONOS.
+            return
+        super(SyncSFlowService, self).run_playbook(o, fields)
+
+    def delete_record(self, m):
+        pass
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowservice.yaml b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowservice.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d853a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowservice.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+- hosts: {{ instance_name }}
+  gather_facts: False
+  connection: ssh
+  user: ubuntu
+  sudo: yes
+  vars:
+     sflow_port: {{ sflow_port }}
+     sflow_api_port: {{ sflow_api_port }}
+
+  tasks:
+
+  - name: Fix /etc/hosts
+    lineinfile:
+      dest=/etc/hosts
+      regexp="127.0.0.1 localhost"
+      line="127.0.0.1 localhost {{ instance_hostname }}"
+
+  - name: Add repo key
+    apt_key:
+      keyserver=hkp://pgp.mit.edu:80
+      id=58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
+
+  - name: Install Docker repo
+    apt_repository:
+      repo="deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-trusty main"
+      state=present
+
+  - name: Install Docker
+    apt:
+      name={{ '{{' }} item {{ '}}' }}
+      state=latest
+      update_cache=yes
+    with_items:
+    - docker-engine
+    - python-pip
+    - python-httplib2
+
+  - name: Install docker-py
+    pip:
+      name=docker-py
+      state=latest
+
+  - name: sflow pub-sub config
+    template: src=/opt/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_config.j2 dest=/usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub.conf mode=0777
+
+  - name: Start SFLOW pub-sub container
+    docker:
+      docker_api_version: "1.18"
+      name: {{ sflow_container }}
+      # was: reloaded
+      state: running
+      image: srikanthvavila/sflowpubsub
+      expose:
+      - {{ sflow_api_port }}
+      - {{ sflow_port }}/udp
+      ports:
+      - "{{ sflow_port }}:{{ sflow_port }}/udp"
+      - "{{ sflow_api_port }}:{{ sflow_api_port }}"
+      volumes:
+      - /usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub.conf:/usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub.conf
+
+  - name: Get Docker IP
+    #TODO: copy dockerip.sh to monitoring service synchronizer
+    script: /opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/scripts/dockerip.sh {{ sflow_container }}
+    register: dockerip
+
+  - name: Wait for SFlow service to come up
+    wait_for:
+      host={{ '{{' }} dockerip.stdout {{ '}}' }}
+      port={{ '{{' }} item {{ '}}' }}
+      state=present
+    with_items:
+    - {{ sflow_api_port }}
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowtenant.py b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowtenant.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6de0374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowtenant.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import hashlib
+import os
+import socket
+import socket
+import sys
+import base64
+import time
+import re
+import json
+from django.db.models import F, Q
+from xos.config import Config
+from synchronizers.base.syncstep import SyncStep
+from synchronizers.base.ansible import run_template_ssh
+from synchronizers.base.SyncInstanceUsingAnsible import SyncInstanceUsingAnsible
+from core.models import Service, Slice, ControllerSlice, ControllerUser
+from services.ceilometer.models import SFlowService, SFlowTenant
+from xos.logger import Logger, logging
+
+# hpclibrary will be in steps/..
+parentdir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"..")
+sys.path.insert(0,parentdir)
+
+logger = Logger(level=logging.INFO)
+
+class SyncSFlowTenant(SyncInstanceUsingAnsible):
+    provides=[SFlowTenant]
+    observes=SFlowTenant
+    requested_interval=0
+    template_name = "sync_sflowtenant.yaml"
+    service_key_name = "/opt/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/monitoring_channel_private_key"
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(SyncSFlowTenant, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def fetch_pending(self, deleted):
+        if (not deleted):
+            objs = SFlowTenant.get_tenant_objects().filter(Q(enacted__lt=F('updated')) | Q(enacted=None),Q(lazy_blocked=False))
+        else:
+            objs = SFlowTenant.get_deleted_tenant_objects()
+
+        return objs
+
+    def get_sflow_service(self, o):
+        sflows = SFlowService.get_service_objects().filter(id=o.provider_service.id)
+        if not sflows:
+           raise "No associated SFlow service"
+
+        return sflows[0]
+
+    def get_instance(self, o):
+        # We assume the SFlow service owns a slice, so pick one of the instances
+        # inside that slice to sync to.
+
+        serv = self.get_sflow_service(o)
+
+        if serv.slices.exists():
+            slice = serv.slices.all()[0]
+            if slice.instances.exists():
+                return slice.instances.all()[0]
+
+        return None
+
+    def get_extra_attributes(self, o):
+        instance = self.get_instance(o)
+
+        fields={}
+        fields["nat_ip"] = instance.get_ssh_ip()
+        fields["sflow_api_base_url"] = self.get_sflow_service(o).sflow_api_url
+        fields["sflow_api_port"] = self.get_sflow_service(o).sflow_api_port
+        fields["listening_endpoint"] = o.listening_endpoint
+        fields["sflow_container"] = "sflowpubsub"
+
+        return fields
+
+    def sync_fields(self, o, fields):
+        # the super causes the playbook to be run
+        super(SyncSFlowTenant, self).sync_fields(o, fields)
+
+    def run_playbook(self, o, fields):
+        super(SyncSFlowTenant, self).run_playbook(o, fields)
+
+    def delete_record(self, m):
+        pass
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowtenant.yaml b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowtenant.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..701ce5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/steps/sync_sflowtenant.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+- hosts: {{ instance_name }}
+  gather_facts: False
+  connection: ssh
+  user: {{ username }}
+  sudo: yes
+
+  tasks:
+
+  - name: Get Docker IP
+    #TODO: copy dockerip.sh to monitoring service synchronizer
+    script: /opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/scripts/dockerip.sh {{ sflow_container }}
+    register: sflowserviceaddr
+
+  - name: Wait for SFlow service to come up
+    wait_for:
+      host={{ '{{' }} sflowserviceaddr.stdout {{ '}}' }}
+      port={{ '{{' }} item {{ '}}' }}
+      state=present
+    with_items:
+    - {{ sflow_api_port }}
+
+  - name: Invoke SFlow service REST API to subscribe
+    uri:
+      url: http://{{ '{{' }} sflowserviceaddr.stdout {{ '}}' }}:{{ sflow_api_port }}/subscribe
+      body: "{{ listening_endpoint }}"
+      body_format: raw
+      method: POST
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/Dockerfile.sflowpubsub b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/Dockerfile.sflowpubsub
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9025ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/Dockerfile.sflowpubsub
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+FROM       ubuntu:14.04.2
+MAINTAINER Andy Bavier <acb@cs.princeton.edu>
+
+# XXX Workaround for docker bug:
+# https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/6345
+# Kernel 3.15 breaks docker, uss the line below as a workaround
+# until there is a fix
+RUN ln -s -f /bin/true /usr/bin/chfn
+# XXX End workaround
+
+# Install.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    python-pip \
+    python-dev
+
+RUN pip install Flask
+RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/share/
+ADD sflow_pub_sub /usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_main.py
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub/start_sflow_pub_sub
+WORKDIR /usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub/
+CMD /usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub/start_sflow_pub_sub
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_config.j2 b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_config.j2
index 4c712f1..bd6c521 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_config.j2
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_config.j2
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 admin_user={{ admin_user }}
 admin_tenant={{ admin_tenant }}
 admin_password={{ admin_password }}
+ceilometer_pub_sub_url={{ ceilometer_pub_sub_url }}
 
 [allowed_tenants]
 {% if allowed_tenant_ids %}
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_server.py b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_server.py
index 62f0804..c81b941 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_server.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/ceilometer_proxy_server.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import logging
 import urllib
 import urllib2
+from urlparse import urlparse
 from wsgilog import WsgiLog
 
 web.config.debug=False
@@ -252,6 +253,11 @@
     def POST(self):
         global config
         parse_ceilometer_proxy_config()
+        ceilometer_pub_sub_url = config.get('default', 'ceilometer_pub_sub_url')
+        url = urlparse(ceilometer_pub_sub_url)
+        if (not url.scheme) or (not url.netloc): 
+             raise Exception("Ceilometer PUB/SUB URL not set")
+        ceilometer_pub_sub_url = url.scheme + "://" + url.netloc + "/subscribe"
         data_str = unicode(web.data(),'iso-8859-1')
         post_data = json.loads(data_str)
         final_query=[]
@@ -262,7 +268,7 @@
              raise Exception("Not allowed to subscribe to any meters")
         post_data["query"] = final_query
         #TODO: The PUB/SUB url needs to be read from config
-        put_request = urllib2.Request("http://10.11.10.1:4455/subscribe", json.dumps(post_data))
+        put_request = urllib2.Request(ceilometer_pub_sub_url, json.dumps(post_data))
         put_request.get_method = lambda: 'SUB'
         put_request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
         response = urllib2.urlopen(put_request)
@@ -270,9 +276,14 @@
         return json.dumps(response_text)
 
     def DELETE(self):
+        ceilometer_pub_sub_url = config.get('default', 'ceilometer_pub_sub_url')
+        url = urlparse(ceilometer_pub_sub_url)
+        if (not url.scheme) or (not url.netloc): 
+             raise Exception("Ceilometer PUB/SUB URL not set")
+        ceilometer_pub_sub_url = url.scheme + "://" + url.netloc + "/unsubscribe"
         data_str = web.data()
         #TODO: The PUB/SUB url needs to be read from config
-        put_request = urllib2.Request("http://10.11.10.1:4455/unsubscribe", data_str)
+        put_request = urllib2.Request(ceilometer_pub_sub_url, data_str)
         put_request.get_method = lambda: 'UNSUB'
         put_request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
         response = urllib2.urlopen(put_request)
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/README b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee8ad9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/README
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+Subscribe-Publish Frame Work:
+1.Command to Install Flask Webserver frame work.
+  sudo pip install Flask
+
+  Along with flask we need the following packages:
+   msgpack
+   fnmatch
+   operator
+   logging
+   oslo_utils
+   ConfigParser
+ 
+2.Files: i.sub_main.py
+         ii.pubrecords.py
+         iii.pub_sub.conf
+
+3.Command to start the server:
+    #python sun_main.py
+4.Command for subscription:
+      i.app_id:Application ID,should be unique.
+      ii.target:
+           Presently only udp is supported.
+           a.udp:<ip:portno>
+           b.kafka:<kafkaip:kafkaport>
+      iii.sub_info:Sunscription notifications.ex:cpu_util,cpu_*
+      iv.query:
+         Below information need to provide as part of query.
+         a.field:fileds like user id ,porject id etc.,
+         b.op:"eq","gt","lt" etc.,
+         c.value:value of the fileds.
+     Example:
+  		 curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X SUB -d '{"app_id":"10","target":"udp://10.11.10.1:5006","sub_info":"cpu_util","query":[{"field":"user_id","op":"eq","value":"e1271a86bd4e413c87248baf2e5f01e0"},{"field":"project_id","op":"eq","value":"b1a3bf16d2014b47be9aefea88087318"},{"field":"resource_id","op":"eq","value":"658cd03f-d0f0-4f55-9f48-39e7222a8646"}]}' -L http://10.11.10.1:4455/subscribe
+
+5.Command for unsunscription:
+    For unsubcription only appid will be needed.
+    curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X UNSUB -d '{"app_id":"10"}' http://10.11.10.1:4455/unsubscribe
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sample_sflow_pub_sub.conf_sample b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sample_sflow_pub_sub.conf_sample
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40b5bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sample_sflow_pub_sub.conf_sample
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[LOGGING]
+level = DEBUG
+filename = sflow_pub_sub.log
+
+[WEB_SERVER]
+webserver_host = 0.0.0.0
+webserver_port = 33333
+
+[SFLOW]
+listening_ip_addr = 0.0.0.0
+listening_port = 6343
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_config.j2 b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_config.j2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c5c88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_config.j2
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# This file autogenerated by sflow service synchronizer
+# It contains a list of attributes to be used by sflow service
+# syntax: key=value
+
+[LOGGING]
+level = DEBUG
+filename = sflow_pub_sub.log
+
+[WEB_SERVER]
+webserver_host = 0.0.0.0
+webserver_port = {{ sflow_api_port }}
+
+[SFLOW]
+listening_ip_addr = 0.0.0.0
+listening_port = {{ sflow_port }}
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_main.py b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1276721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+import socket,thread
+import sys
+import fnmatch
+import operator
+import logging
+import ConfigParser
+from urlparse import urlparse
+from sflow_sub_records import *
+
+from flask import request, Request, jsonify
+from flask import Flask
+from flask import make_response
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+COMPARATORS = {
+    'gt': operator.gt,
+    'lt': operator.lt,
+    'ge': operator.ge,
+    'le': operator.le,
+    'eq': operator.eq,
+    'ne': operator.ne,
+}
+
+LEVELS = {'DEBUG': logging.DEBUG,
+          'INFO': logging.INFO,
+          'WARNING': logging.WARNING,
+          'ERROR': logging.ERROR,
+          'CRITICAL': logging.CRITICAL}
+
+_DEFAULT_LOG_DATE_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+
+@app.route('/subscribe',methods=['POST'])
+def subscribe():
+    logging.debug(" SUB data:%s",request.data)
+    target = request.data
+    parse_target=urlparse(target)
+    if not parse_target.netloc:
+        err_str = "Error:Invalid target format"
+        logging.error("* Invalid target format")
+        return err_str 
+
+    status = "" 
+    if parse_target.scheme == "udp" :
+         host=parse_target.hostname
+         port=parse_target.port
+         scheme = parse_target.scheme
+         app_ip = host 
+         app_port = port
+ 
+         if host == None or port == None :
+             err_str = "* Error: Invalid IP Address format"
+             logging.error("* Invalid IP Address format")
+             return err_str
+  
+         subscrip_obj=sflow_sub_record(scheme,None,app_ip,app_port,None,None)
+         status = add_sflow_sub_record(subscrip_obj)
+         print_sflow_sub_records()
+
+    if parse_target.scheme == "kafka" :
+         pass
+    if parse_target.scheme == "file" :
+         pass
+    return status 
+
+@app.route('/unsubscribe',methods=['POST'])
+def unsubscribe():
+    try :  
+        target = request.data
+        parse_target=urlparse(target)
+        if not parse_target.netloc:
+            err_str = "Error:Invalid target format"
+            logging.error("* Invalid target format")
+            return err_str 
+
+        status = "" 
+        if parse_target.scheme == "udp" :
+            host=parse_target.hostname
+            port=parse_target.port
+            scheme = parse_target.scheme
+            app_ip = host 
+            app_port = port
+ 
+            delete_sflow_sub_record(app_ip, app_port)
+    except Exception as e:
+         logging.error("* %s",e.__str__())
+         return e.__str__()
+    return "UnSubscrition is sucessful! \n"
+
+@app.errorhandler(404)
+def not_found(error):
+    return make_response(jsonify({'error': 'Not found'}), 404)
+
+def sflow_recv(host,port):
+   udp = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) # UDP
+   udp.bind((host, port))
+   logging.info("Started sflow receive thread on %s:%s",host, str(port))
+
+   while True:
+      data, source = udp.recvfrom(64000)
+      for obj in sflow_sub_database:
+         target_host = obj.ipaddress
+         target_port = int(obj.portno)
+         try:  
+             logging.debug("Replicating the sFlow data to:%s:%s",target_host, str(target_port))
+             udp.sendto(data,(target_host,target_port))
+         except Exception:
+             logging.error ("Unable to send sFlow data to target %s:%s ",target_host,str(target_port))
+   logging.warn("Exiting sflow receive thread")
+
+     
+def initialize(host,port):
+     thread.start_new(sflow_recv,(host,port,))
+        
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    try:
+        config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
+        config.read('sflow_pub_sub.conf')
+        webserver_host = config.get('WEB_SERVER','webserver_host')
+        webserver_port = int (config.get('WEB_SERVER','webserver_port'))
+        sflow_listening_ip_addr  = config.get('SFLOW','listening_ip_addr')
+        sflow_listening_port  = int (config.get('SFLOW','listening_port'))
+
+        log_level    = config.get('LOGGING','level')
+        log_file       = config.get('LOGGING','filename')
+   
+        level = LEVELS.get(log_level, logging.NOTSET) 
+        logging.basicConfig(filename=log_file,format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',\
+                    datefmt=_DEFAULT_LOG_DATE_FORMAT,level=level) 
+    except Exception as e:
+        print("* Error in config file:",e.__str__())
+        logging.error("* Error in confing file:%s",e.__str__())
+    else: 
+        initialize(sflow_listening_ip_addr,sflow_listening_port)
+        app.run(host=webserver_host,port=webserver_port,debug=False)
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_sub_records.py b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_sub_records.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8b0038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_sub_records.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+import fnmatch
+import logging
+
+class sflow_sub_record:
+    def __init__(self,scheme,app_id,app_ip,app_port,subscription_info,sub_info_filter):
+        logging.debug("* Updating subscription_info ") 
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        self.app_id = app_id
+        self.ipaddress = app_ip 
+        self.portno = app_port 
+        self.subscription_info = subscription_info
+        self.sub_info_filter = sub_info_filter 
+
+sflow_sub_database=[] 
+def add_sflow_sub_record(record):
+    logging.info("* inside %s",add_sflow_sub_record.__name__)
+    if not sflow_sub_database:
+        logging.debug("* -----------List is EMpty -------------") 
+        sflow_sub_database.append(record)
+        logging.debug("* Subscription is sucessful") 
+        return "Subscription is sucessful \n" 
+    for x in sflow_sub_database:
+        if (record.ipaddress == x.ipaddress) and (record.portno == x.portno) :
+            logging.warning("* entry already exists\n")
+            return "entry already exists \n" 
+    sflow_sub_database.append(record)
+    return "Subscription is sucessful \n"
+ 
+def delete_sflow_sub_record(ip,port):
+    logging.info("* inside %s",delete_sflow_sub_record.__name__)
+    Flag = False 
+    for x in sflow_sub_database:
+        if (ip == x.ipaddress) and (port == x.portno) :
+            sflow_sub_database.remove(x)
+            Flag = True
+            logging.debug("* Un-Subscription is sucessful") 
+            return "Un-Subscription is sucessful \n"
+    if not Flag :
+       err_str = "No subscription exists with target: udp://" + ip + ":" + str(port) + "\n"
+       logging.error(err_str)
+       raise Exception (err_str)
+       
+def print_sflow_sub_records():
+    logging.info("* inside %s",print_sflow_sub_records.__name__)
+    for obj in sflow_sub_database:
+        logging.debug("* ------------------------------------------------") 
+        logging.debug("* scheme:%s",obj.scheme)  
+        logging.debug("* app_id:%s",obj.app_id)
+        logging.debug("* portno:%s",obj.portno ) 
+        logging.debug("* ipaddress:%s",obj.ipaddress)  
+        logging.debug("* portno:%s",obj.portno)  
+        logging.debug("* subscription_info:%s",obj.subscription_info)
+        logging.debug("* sub_info_filter:%s",obj.sub_info_filter)
+        logging.debug("* ------------------------------------------------")
+ 
+def get_sflow_sub_records(notif_subscription_info):
+    logging.info("* inside %s",get_sflow_sub_records.__name__)
+    sub_list=[]  
+    for obj in sflow_sub_database:
+        if obj.subscription_info == notif_subscription_info:
+            sub_list.append(obj)
+    return sub_list
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/start_sflow_pub_sub b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/start_sflow_pub_sub
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2edda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/monitoring_channel/templates/sflow_pub_sub/start_sflow_pub_sub
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/usr/local/share/sflow_pub_sub/sflow_pub_sub_main.py
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/model_policies/model_policy_Slice.py b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/model_policies/model_policy_Slice.py
index dfdcb4f..088d583 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/model_policies/model_policy_Slice.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/model_policies/model_policy_Slice.py
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@
         # Host and Bridged docker containers need no networks and they will
         # only get in the way.
         print "MODEL POLICY: Skipping network creation"
+    elif slice.network in ["noauto"]:
+        # do nothing
+        pass
     else:
         # make sure slice has at least 1 public and 1 private networkd
         public_nets = []
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@
                         template = NetworkTemplate.objects.get(name='Public shared IPv4'),
                     owner = slice
                     )
+            if slice.exposed_ports:
+                nat_net.ports = slice.exposed_ports
             nat_net.save()
             public_nets.append(nat_net)
             print "MODEL POLICY: slice", slice, "made nat-net"
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_networks.py b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_networks.py
index 990cb87..0b876fa 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_networks.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_networks.py
@@ -81,9 +81,13 @@
 
     def map_sync_inputs(self, controller_network):
         # XXX This check should really be made from booleans, rather than using hardcoded network names
-        if (controller_network.network.template.name not in ['Private', 'Private-Indirect', 'Private-Direct']):
-            logger.info("skipping network controller %s because it is not private" % controller_network)
-            # We only sync private networks
+        #if (controller_network.network.template.name not in ['Private', 'Private-Indirect', 'Private-Direct', 'management_template'):
+        #    logger.info("skipping network controller %s because it is not private" % controller_network)
+        #    # We only sync private networks
+        #    return SyncStep.SYNC_WITHOUT_RUNNING
+
+        # hopefully a better approach than above
+        if (controller_network.network.template.shared_network_name or controller_network.network.template.shared_network_id):
             return SyncStep.SYNC_WITHOUT_RUNNING
         
         if not controller_network.controller.admin_user:
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_slice_privileges.py b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_slice_privileges.py
index b78e4a0..e5513b0 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_slice_privileges.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_controller_slice_privileges.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     observes=ControllerSlicePrivilege
     playbook = 'sync_controller_users.yaml'
 
-    def map_inputs(self, controller_slice_privilege):
+    def map_sync_inputs(self, controller_slice_privilege):
         if not controller_slice_privilege.controller.admin_user:
             logger.info("controller %r has no admin_user, skipping" % controller_slice_privilege.controller)
             return
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_instances.py b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_instances.py
index 335ca4a..22aa45c 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_instances.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/openstack/steps/sync_instances.py
@@ -34,6 +34,35 @@
             userdata += '  - %s\n' % key
         return userdata
 
+    def sort_controller_networks(self, nets):
+        nets = list(nets)
+        result = []
+
+        # Enforce VTN's network order requirement. The access network must be
+        # inserted into the first slot. The management network must be inserted
+        # into the second slot.
+
+        # move the private and/or access network to the first spot
+        for net in nets[:]:
+            tem = net.network.template
+            if (tem.visibility == "private") and (tem.translation=="none") and ("management" not in tem.name):
+                result.append(net)
+                nets.remove(net)
+
+        # move the management network to the second spot
+        for net in nets[:]:
+            tem = net.network.template
+            if (tem.visibility == "private") and (tem.translation=="none") and ("management" in tem.name):
+                if len(result)!=1:
+                    raise Exception("Management network needs to be inserted in slot 1, but there are %d private nets" % len(result))
+                result.append(net)
+                nets.remove(net)
+
+        # add everything else. For VTN there probably shouldn't be any more.
+        result.extend(nets)
+
+        return result
+
     def map_sync_inputs(self, instance):
         inputs = {}
 	metadata_update = {}
@@ -60,8 +89,8 @@
         controller_networks = ControllerNetwork.objects.filter(network__in=networks,
                                                                 controller=instance.node.site_deployment.controller)
 
+        controller_networks = self.sort_controller_networks(controller_networks)
         for controller_network in controller_networks:
-
             # Lenient exception - causes slow backoff
             if controller_network.network.template.visibility == 'private' and \
                controller_network.network.template.translation == 'none':
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/steps/sync_vcpetenant.yaml b/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/steps/sync_vcpetenant.yaml
index b9b4b9e..d887547 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/steps/sync_vcpetenant.yaml
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/steps/sync_vcpetenant.yaml
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@
 #  - name: DEBUG
 #    debug: var=cron_job_pids_count.stdout
 
-  - name: make sure ~/bin exists
-    file: path=~/bin state=directory owner=root group=root
-    when: cron_job_pids_count.stdout == "0"
+#  - name: make sure ~/bin exists
+#    file: path=~/bin state=directory owner=root group=root
+#    when: cron_job_pids_count.stdout == "0"
 
   - name: Copy cron job to destination
     copy: src=/opt/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/vcpe_stats_notifier.py
-      dest=~/bin/vcpe_stats_notifier.py
+      dest=/usr/local/sbin/vcpe_stats_notifier.py
     when: cron_job_pids_count.stdout == "0"
 
   - name: install python-kombu
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
     when: cron_job_pids_count.stdout == "0"
 
   - name: Initiate vcpe_stats_notifier cron job
-    command: python ~/bin/vcpe_stats_notifier.py --keystone_tenant_id={{ keystone_tenant_id }} --keystone_user_id={{ keystone_user_id }} --rabbit_user={{ rabbit_user }} --rabbit_password={{ rabbit_password }} --rabbit_host={{ rabbit_host }} --vcpeservice_rabbit_exchange='vcpeservice'
+    command: sudo python /usr/local/sbin/vcpe_stats_notifier.py --keystone_tenant_id={{ keystone_tenant_id }} --keystone_user_id={{ keystone_user_id }} --rabbit_user={{ rabbit_user }} --rabbit_password={{ rabbit_password }} --rabbit_host={{ rabbit_host }} --vcpeservice_rabbit_exchange='vcpeservice'
     async: 9999999999999999
     poll: 0
     when: cron_job_pids_count.stdout == "0"
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/vcpe_stats_notifier.py b/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/vcpe_stats_notifier.py
index d726e3c..4d2cc76 100644
--- a/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/vcpe_stats_notifier.py
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/vcpe/vcpe_stats_notifier.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import time, threading
 import sys, getopt
 import logging
+import os
 
 
 logfile = "vcpe_stats_notifier.log"
@@ -21,8 +22,8 @@
 handler.setFormatter(formatter)
 logger.addHandler(handler)
 
-def extract_dns_stats_from_all_vcpes():
-    p = subprocess.Popen('docker ps', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) 
+def get_all_docker_containers():
+    p = subprocess.Popen('docker ps --no-trunc', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) 
     firstline = True
     dockercontainers = {}
     while True:
@@ -37,6 +38,56 @@
                 container_fields = {}
                 container_fields['id'] = fields[0]
                 dockercontainers[fields[-1]] = container_fields
+    return dockercontainers
+
+def extract_compute_stats_from_all_vcpes(dockercontainers):
+    for k,v in dockercontainers.iteritems():
+        cmd = 'sudo docker stats --no-stream=true ' + v['id'] 
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) 
+        firstline = True
+        while True:
+            out = p.stdout.readline()
+            if out == '' and p.poll() != None:
+                break
+            if out != '':
+                if firstline is True:
+                    firstline = False
+                else:
+                    fields = out.split()
+                    #['CONTAINER_ID', 'CPU%', 'MEMUSE', 'UNITS', '/', 'MEMLIMIT', 'UNITS', 'MEM%', 'NET I/O', 'UNITS', '/', 'NET I/O LIMIT', 'UNITS', 'BLOCK I/O', 'UNITS', '/', 'BLOCK I/O LIMIT', 'UNITS']
+                    v['cpu_util'] = fields[1][:-1]
+                    if fields[6] == 'GB':
+                       v['memory'] = str(float(fields[5]) * 1000)
+                    else:
+                       v['memory'] = fields[5]
+                    if fields[3] == 'GB':
+                       v['memory_usage'] = str(float(fields[2]) * 1000)
+                    else:
+                       v['memory_usage'] = fields[2]
+        v['network_stats'] = []
+        for intf in ['eth0', 'eth1']:
+            cmd = 'sudo docker exec ' + v['id'] + ' ifconfig ' + intf
+            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            out,err = p.communicate()
+            if out:
+                intf_stats = {}
+                m = re.search("RX bytes:(\d+)", str(out))
+                if m:
+                    intf_stats['rx_bytes'] = m.group(1)
+                m = re.search("TX bytes:(\d+)", str(out))
+                if m:
+                    intf_stats['tx_bytes'] = m.group(1)
+                m = re.search("RX packets:(\d+)", str(out))
+                if m:
+                    intf_stats['rx_packets'] = m.group(1)
+                m = re.search("TX packets:(\d+)", str(out))
+                if m:
+                    intf_stats['tx_packets'] = m.group(1)
+                if intf_stats:
+                    intf_stats['intf'] = intf
+                    v['network_stats'].append(intf_stats)
+
+def extract_dns_stats_from_all_vcpes(dockercontainers):
     for k,v in dockercontainers.iteritems():
          cmd = 'docker exec ' + v['id'] + ' killall -10 dnsmasq'
          p = subprocess.Popen (cmd, shell=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -112,9 +163,11 @@
 
      logger.debug('publish_cpe_stats invoked')
 
-     cpe_container_stats = extract_dns_stats_from_all_vcpes()
+     dockercontainers = get_all_docker_containers()
+     cpe_container_compute_stats = extract_compute_stats_from_all_vcpes(dockercontainers)
+     cpe_container_dns_stats = extract_dns_stats_from_all_vcpes(dockercontainers)
 
-     for k,v in cpe_container_stats.iteritems():
+     for k,v in cpe_container_dns_stats.iteritems():
           msg = {'event_type': 'vcpe', 
                  'message_id':six.text_type(uuid.uuid4()),
                  'publisher_id': cpe_publisher_id,
@@ -128,6 +181,29 @@
           producer.publish(msg)
           logger.debug('Publishing vcpe event: %s', msg)
 
+          compute_payload = {}
+          if 'cpu_util' in v:
+               compute_payload['cpu_util']= v['cpu_util']
+          if 'memory' in v:
+               compute_payload['memory']= v['memory']
+          if 'memory_usage' in v:
+               compute_payload['memory_usage']= v['memory_usage']
+          if ('network_stats' in v) and (v['network_stats']):
+               compute_payload['network_stats']= v['network_stats']
+          if compute_payload:
+               compute_payload['vcpe_id'] = k
+               compute_payload['user_id'] = keystone_user_id
+               compute_payload['tenant_id'] = keystone_tenant_id
+               msg = {'event_type': 'vcpe.compute.stats', 
+                      'message_id':six.text_type(uuid.uuid4()),
+                      'publisher_id': cpe_publisher_id,
+                      'timestamp':datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(),
+                      'priority':'INFO',
+                      'payload': compute_payload 
+                     }
+               producer.publish(msg)
+               logger.debug('Publishing vcpe.dns.cache.size event: %s', msg)
+
           if 'cache_size' in v:
                msg = {'event_type': 'vcpe.dns.cache.size', 
                       'message_id':six.text_type(uuid.uuid4()),
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/vtn/run.sh b/xos/synchronizers/vtn/run.sh
index d7e5025..000a563 100755
--- a/xos/synchronizers/vtn/run.sh
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/vtn/run.sh
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 export XOS_DIR=/opt/xos
-python vtn-observer.py  -C $XOS_DIR/observers/vtn/vtn_observer_config
+python vtn-synchronizer.py  -C $XOS_DIR/synchronizers/vtn/vtn_synchronizer_config
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/vtn/start.sh b/xos/synchronizers/vtn/start.sh
index 168074d..2c43440 100755
--- a/xos/synchronizers/vtn/start.sh
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/vtn/start.sh
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 export XOS_DIR=/opt/xos
-nohup python vtn-observer.py  -C $XOS_DIR/observers/vtn/vtn_observer_config > /dev/null 2>&1 &
+nohup python vtn-synchronizer.py  -C $XOS_DIR/synchronizers/vtn/vtn_synchronizer_config > /dev/null 2>&1 &
diff --git a/xos/synchronizers/vtn/stop.sh b/xos/synchronizers/vtn/stop.sh
index 261f029..7ff2b06 100755
--- a/xos/synchronizers/vtn/stop.sh
+++ b/xos/synchronizers/vtn/stop.sh
@@ -1 +1 @@
-pkill -9 -f vtn-observer.py
+pkill -9 -f vtn-synchronizer.py
diff --git a/xos/templates/admin/base.html b/xos/templates/admin/base.html
index a9f0f21..5a99e0e 100644
--- a/xos/templates/admin/base.html
+++ b/xos/templates/admin/base.html
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
   {% block blockbots %}
   <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"/>
   {% endblock %}
-  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ XOS_BRANDING_ICON }}"></head>
+  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ XOS_BRANDING_FAVICON }}"></head>
   {% load i18n %}
 <body class="{% if is_popup %}popup {% endif %}{% block bodyclass %}{% endblock %}">
   <div id="dialog-placeholder">
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
                     </button>
                     {% block logo %}
                       <a href="{% url 'admin:index' %}" class="visible-xs">
-                        <img class="logo" src="{% static 'cord_logo_3.png' %}"/>
+                        <img class="logo" src="{% static XOS_BRANDING_ICON %}"/>
                       </a>
                     {% endblock %}
                     <!-- <div id="branding">
diff --git a/xos/templates/admin/base_login.html b/xos/templates/admin/base_login.html
index 5532e8c..c56bbc2 100644
--- a/xos/templates/admin/base_login.html
+++ b/xos/templates/admin/base_login.html
@@ -1,45 +1,54 @@
-{% load admin_static %}<!DOCTYPE html>
+{% load admin_static %}
+<!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="{{ LANGUAGE_CODE|default:"en-us" }}" {% if LANGUAGE_BIDI %}dir="rtl"{% endif %}>
-<head>
-<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% block stylesheet %}{% static "admin/css/base.css" %}{% endblock %}" />
-{% block extrastyle %}{% endblock %}
-<!--[if lte IE 7]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% block stylesheet_ie %}{% static "admin/css/ie.css" %}{% endblock %}" /><![endif]-->
-{% if LANGUAGE_BIDI %}<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% block stylesheet_rtl %}{% static "admin/css/rtl.css" %}{% endblock %}" />{% endif %}
-<script type="text/javascript">window.__admin_media_prefix__ = "{% filter escapejs %}{% static "admin/" %}{% endfilter %}";</script>
-{% block extrahead %}{% endblock %}
-{% block blockbots %}<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />{% endblock %}
-</head>
+    <head>
+        <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% block stylesheet %}{% static "admin/css/base.css" %}{% endblock %}" />
+        {% block extrastyle %}
+
+        {% endblock %}
+        <!--[if lte IE 7]>
+            <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% block stylesheet_ie %}{% static "admin/css/ie.css" %}{% endblock %}" />
+        <![endif]-->
+        {% if LANGUAGE_BIDI %}
+            <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% block stylesheet_rtl %}{% static "admin/css/rtl.css" %}{% endblock %}" />
+        {% endif %}
+        <script type="text/javascript">window.__admin_media_prefix__ = "{% filter escapejs %}{% static "admin/" %}{% endfilter %}";</script>
+        {% block extrahead %}
+
+        {% endblock %}
+        {% block blockbots %}
+            <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
+        {% endblock %}
+        <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ XOS_BRANDING_FAVICON }}"></head>
+    </head>
 {% load i18n %}
 
-<body class="{% if is_popup %}popup {% endif %}{% block bodyclass %}{% endblock %}">
+    <body class="{% if is_popup %}popup {% endif %}{% block bodyclass %}{% endblock %}" style="background-image: url('{{ XOS_BRANDING_BG }}') ">
 
-<!-- Container -->
+    <!-- Container -->
+
+        {% block messages %}
+            {% if messages %}
+            <ul class="messagelist">{% for message in messages %}
+              <li{% if message.tags %} class="{{ message.tags }}"{% endif %}>{{ message }}</li>
+            {% endfor %}</ul>
+            {% endif %}
+        {% endblock messages %}
 
 
-    
-
-    {% block messages %}
-        {% if messages %}
-        <ul class="messagelist">{% for message in messages %}
-          <li{% if message.tags %} class="{{ message.tags }}"{% endif %}>{{ message }}</li>
-        {% endfor %}</ul>
-        {% endif %}
-    {% endblock messages %}
+            {% block pretitle %}{% endblock %}
+            {% block content_title %}{% if title %}<h1>{{ title }}</h1>{% endif %}{% endblock %}
+            {% block content %}
+            {% block object-tools %}{% endblock %}
+            {{ content }}
+            {% endblock %}
+            {% block sidebar %}{% endblock %}
+            <br class="clear" />
 
 
-        {% block pretitle %}{% endblock %}
-        {% block content_title %}{% if title %}<h1>{{ title }}</h1>{% endif %}{% endblock %}
-        {% block content %}
-        {% block object-tools %}{% endblock %}
-        {{ content }}
-        {% endblock %}
-        {% block sidebar %}{% endblock %}
-        <br class="clear" />
+        {% block footer %}<div id="footer"></div>{% endblock %}
 
 
-    {% block footer %}<div id="footer"></div>{% endblock %}
-
-
-</body>
+    </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/xos/templates/admin/submit_line.html b/xos/templates/admin/submit_line.html
index dcac235..8c0e112 100644
--- a/xos/templates/admin/submit_line.html
+++ b/xos/templates/admin/submit_line.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {% load i18n %}
-<div class="submit-row clearfix">
-  {% if show_save %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-high btn-info" name="_save">{% trans 'Save' %}</button>{% endif %}
-  {% if show_save_and_continue %}<button type="submit" name="_continue" class=" btn btn-high">{% trans 'Save and continue editing' %}</button>{% endif %}
-  {% if show_save_as_new %}<button type="submit" name="_saveasnew" class="btn">{% trans 'Save as new' %}</button>{%endif%}
-  {% if show_save_and_add_another %}<button type="submit" name="_addanother" class="btn">{% trans 'Save and add another' %}</button>{% endif %}
+<div class="form-buttons clearfix">
+  {% if show_save %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-high btn-success" name="_save">{% trans 'Save' %}</button>{% endif %}
+  {% if show_save_and_continue %}<button type="submit" name="_continue" class=" btn btn-high btn-info">{% trans 'Save and continue editing' %}</button>{% endif %}
+  {% if show_save_as_new %}<button type="submit" name="_saveasnew" class="btn btn-info">{% trans 'Save as new' %}</button>{%endif%}
+  {% if show_save_and_add_another %}<button type="submit" name="_addanother" class="btn btn-info">{% trans 'Save and add another' %}</button>{% endif %}
 
   {% if show_delete_link %}
       {% if custom_delete_url %}
diff --git a/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.m4 b/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.m4
index 39e4d99..20a537a 100644
--- a/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.m4
+++ b/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.m4
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
         capabilities:
             xos_base_service_caps
         properties:
+            xos_base_props
             xos_base_service_props
 
     tosca.nodes.Tenant:
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@
         capabilities:
             xos_base_service_caps
         properties:
+            xos_base_props
             xos_base_service_props
             rest_onos/v1/network/configuration/:
                 type: string
@@ -198,6 +200,7 @@
         capabilities:
             xos_base_service_caps
         properties:
+            xos_base_props
             xos_base_service_props
             backend_network_label:
                 type: string
@@ -211,6 +214,7 @@
         capabilities:
             xos_base_service_caps
         properties:
+            xos_base_props
             xos_base_service_props
             vbng_url:
                 type: string
@@ -224,6 +228,7 @@
         capabilities:
             xos_base_service_caps
         properties:
+            xos_base_props
             xos_base_service_props
 
     tosca.nodes.Subscriber:
@@ -658,6 +663,10 @@
                 type: string
                 required: false
                 description: type of networking to use for this slice
+            exposed_ports:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: comma-separated list of protocol _space_ port that represent ports the slice should expose
 
     tosca.nodes.Node:
         derived_from: tosca.nodes.Root
diff --git a/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.yaml b/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.yaml
index 613db70..1b5db39 100644
--- a/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.yaml
+++ b/xos/tosca/custom_types/xos.yaml
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@
             service:
                 type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
         properties:
+            no-delete:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to delete this object
+            no-create:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to create this object
+            no-update:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to update this object
             kind:
                 type: string
                 default: generic
@@ -93,6 +105,18 @@
             service:
                 type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
         properties:
+            no-delete:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to delete this object
+            no-create:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to create this object
+            no-update:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to update this object
             kind:
                 type: string
                 default: generic
@@ -145,12 +169,6 @@
             dependencies:
                 type: string
                 required: false
-            install_dependencies:
-                type: string
-                required: false
-            component_config:
-                type: string
-                required: false
 
     tosca.nodes.ONOSvBNGApp:
         derived_from: tosca.nodes.Root
@@ -243,6 +261,18 @@
             service:
                 type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
         properties:
+            no-delete:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to delete this object
+            no-create:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to create this object
+            no-update:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to update this object
             kind:
                 type: string
                 default: generic
@@ -289,6 +319,18 @@
             service:
                 type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
         properties:
+            no-delete:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to delete this object
+            no-create:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to create this object
+            no-update:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to update this object
             kind:
                 type: string
                 default: generic
@@ -335,6 +377,18 @@
             service:
                 type: tosca.capabilities.xos.Service
         properties:
+            no-delete:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to delete this object
+            no-create:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to create this object
+            no-update:
+                type: boolean
+                default: false
+                description: Do not allow Tosca to update this object
             kind:
                 type: string
                 default: generic
@@ -866,6 +920,10 @@
                 type: string
                 required: false
                 description: type of networking to use for this slice
+            exposed_ports:
+                type: string
+                required: false
+                description: comma-separated list of protocol _space_ port that represent ports the slice should expose
 
     tosca.nodes.Node:
         derived_from: tosca.nodes.Root
diff --git a/xos/tosca/nodeselect.py b/xos/tosca/nodeselect.py
index 24c5b85..ce4888f 100644
--- a/xos/tosca/nodeselect.py
+++ b/xos/tosca/nodeselect.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
     def get_nodes(self, quantity):
         nodes = self.get_allowed_nodes()
-        # TODO: sort the nodes by some useful metric to pick the best one
+        # TODO: filter out any nonfunctional nodes
+        # sort by fewest number of instances
+        nodes = sorted(nodes, key=lambda node: node.instances.all().count())
         return nodes[:quantity]
 
diff --git a/xos/tosca/resources/ceilometerservice.py b/xos/tosca/resources/ceilometerservice.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77fa55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/tosca/resources/ceilometerservice.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import os
+import pdb
+import sys
+import tempfile
+sys.path.append("/opt/tosca")
+from translator.toscalib.tosca_template import ToscaTemplate
+
+from core.models import ServiceAttribute
+from services.ceilometer.models import CeilometerService
+
+from service import XOSService
+
+class XOSCeilometerService(XOSService):
+    provides = "tosca.nodes.CeilometerService"
+    xos_model = CeilometerService
+    copyin_props = ["view_url", "icon_url", "enabled", "published", "public_key", "versionNumber", "ceilometer_pub_sub_url"]
+
+    def set_service_attr(self, obj, prop_name, value):
+        value = self.try_intrinsic_function(value)
+        if value:
+            attrs = ServiceAttribute.objects.filter(service=obj, name=prop_name)
+            if attrs:
+                attr = attrs[0]
+                if attr.value != value:
+                    self.info("updating attribute %s" % prop_name)
+                    attr.value = value
+                    attr.save()
+            else:
+                self.info("adding attribute %s" % prop_name)
+                ta = ServiceAttribute(service=obj, name=prop_name, value=value)
+                ta.save()
+
+    def postprocess(self, obj):
+        props = self.nodetemplate.get_properties()
+        for (k,d) in props.items():
+            v = d.value
+            if k.startswith("config_"):
+                self.set_service_attr(obj, k, v)
+            elif k.startswith("rest_"):
+                self.set_service_attr(obj, k, v)
+
diff --git a/xos/tosca/resources/sflowservice.py b/xos/tosca/resources/sflowservice.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..272518e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xos/tosca/resources/sflowservice.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import os
+import pdb
+import sys
+import tempfile
+sys.path.append("/opt/tosca")
+from translator.toscalib.tosca_template import ToscaTemplate
+
+from core.models import ServiceAttribute
+from services.ceilometer.models import SFlowService
+
+from service import XOSService
+
+class XOSSFlowService(XOSService):
+    provides = "tosca.nodes.SFlowService"
+    xos_model = SFlowService
+    copyin_props = ["view_url", "icon_url", "enabled", "published", "public_key", "versionNumber", "sflow_port", "sflow_api_port"]
+
+    def set_service_attr(self, obj, prop_name, value):
+        value = self.try_intrinsic_function(value)
+        if value:
+            attrs = ServiceAttribute.objects.filter(service=obj, name=prop_name)
+            if attrs:
+                attr = attrs[0]
+                if attr.value != value:
+                    self.info("updating attribute %s" % prop_name)
+                    attr.value = value
+                    attr.save()
+            else:
+                self.info("adding attribute %s" % prop_name)
+                ta = ServiceAttribute(service=obj, name=prop_name, value=value)
+                ta.save()
+
+    def postprocess(self, obj):
+        props = self.nodetemplate.get_properties()
+        for (k,d) in props.items():
+            v = d.value
+            if k.startswith("config_"):
+                self.set_service_attr(obj, k, v)
+            elif k.startswith("rest_"):
+                self.set_service_attr(obj, k, v)
+
diff --git a/xos/tosca/resources/slice.py b/xos/tosca/resources/slice.py
index ca11b77..7dcbd59 100644
--- a/xos/tosca/resources/slice.py
+++ b/xos/tosca/resources/slice.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 class XOSSlice(XOSResource):
     provides = "tosca.nodes.Slice"
     xos_model = Slice
-    copyin_props = ["enabled", "description", "slice_url", "max_instances", "default_isolation", "network"]
+    copyin_props = ["enabled", "description", "slice_url", "max_instances", "default_isolation", "network", "exposed_ports"]
 
     def get_xos_args(self):
         args = super(XOSSlice, self).get_xos_args()
diff --git a/xos/tosca/samples/onos.yaml b/xos/tosca/samples/onos.yaml
index a549515..abb0268 100644
--- a/xos/tosca/samples/onos.yaml
+++ b/xos/tosca/samples/onos.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
           view_url: /admin/onos/onosservice/$id$/
           public_key: { get_artifact: [ SELF, pubkey, LOCAL_FILE] }
       artifacts:
-          pubkey: /opt/xos/observers/onos/onos_key.pub
+          pubkey: /opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/onos_key.pub
 
     vBNG:
       type: tosca.nodes.ONOSvBNGApp
@@ -100,4 +100,3 @@
           - slice:
                 node: mysite_onos
                 relationship: tosca.relationships.MemberOfSlice
-
diff --git a/xos/tosca/samples/vtn.yaml b/xos/tosca/samples/vtn.yaml
index 4683b70..50e8c86 100644
--- a/xos/tosca/samples/vtn.yaml
+++ b/xos/tosca/samples/vtn.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
           view_url: /admin/onos/onosservice/$id$/
           public_key: { get_artifact: [ SELF, pubkey, LOCAL_FILE] }
       artifacts:
-          pubkey: /opt/xos/observers/onos/onos_key.pub
+          pubkey: /opt/xos/synchronizers/onos/onos_key.pub
 
     VTN_ONOS_app:
       type: tosca.nodes.ONOSVTNApp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
               node: service_ONOS_VTN
               relationship: tosca.relationships.TenantOfService
       properties:
-          dependencies: org.onosproject.openflow, org.onosproject.dhcp, org.onosproject.openstackswitching, org.onosproject.cordvtn
+          dependencies: org.onosproject.drivers, org.onosproject.drivers.ovsdb, org.onosproject.lldpprovider, org.onosproject.openflow-base, org.onosproject.ovsdb-base, org.onosproject.dhcp, org.onosproject.openstackswitching, org.onosproject.cordvtn
           rest_onos/v1/network/configuration/: { get_artifact: [ SELF, vtn_network_cfg_json, LOCAL_FILE ] }
       artifacts:
           vtn_network_cfg_json: /root/setup/vtn-network-cfg.json
diff --git a/xos/xos/settings.py b/xos/xos/settings.py
index 3792224..a6313cf 100644
--- a/xos/xos/settings.py
+++ b/xos/xos/settings.py
@@ -231,7 +231,10 @@
 
 XOS_BRANDING_NAME = getattr(config, "gui_branding_name", "OpenCloud")
 XOS_BRANDING_CSS = getattr(config, "gui_branding_css", None)
-XOS_BRANDING_ICON = getattr(config, "gui_branding_icon", "/static/favicon.png")
+XOS_BRANDING_ICON = getattr(config, "gui_branding_icon", "/static/logo.png")
+XOS_BRANDING_FAVICON = getattr(config, "gui_branding_favicon", "/static/favicon.png")
+XOS_BRANDING_BG = getattr(config, "gui_branding_bg", "/static/bg.png")
+
 
 DISABLE_MINIDASHBOARD = getattr(config, "gui_disable_minidashboard", False)
 ENCRYPTED_FIELDS_KEYDIR = XOS_DIR + '/private_keys'
diff --git a/xos/xos_configuration/README.md b/xos/xos_configuration/README.md
index 044d7e0..b5ba51b 100644
--- a/xos/xos_configuration/README.md
+++ b/xos/xos_configuration/README.md
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # Managing Configurations
 
-XOS comes with several pre-configured envirnments. The main available configurations are:
+XOS comes with several pre-configured environments. The main available configurations are:
 
 - Frontend Only
-- - CORD
-Every configurations come with different settings and different features, from GUI elements to Services.
+- CORD
+Every configuration comes with different settings and different features, from GUI elements to Services.
 
-__NOTE: in this folder files should not be added. They will broke the configuration system.__
+__NOTE: files should not be added by hand to this folder. They will break the configuration system.__
 
 ## Basic configuration
 
-A common configuration file is saved in `xos/configurations/common/xos_common_config`. In this file are stored all the common configurations for XOS.
+A common configuration file is saved in `xos/configurations/common/xos_common_config`. This file stores all the common configurations for XOS.
 
 This is the base config:
 ``
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@
 
 ### How it works
 
-In some environment some changes to the configuration are needed, to achieve this XOS reads configurations from a `xos/xos_configuration`.
+In some environments changes to the configuration are needed. To achieve this, XOS reads configurations from a `xos/xos_configuration`.
 
-All the configuration files in this folder will be parsed with [ConfigParser](https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html).
+All the configuration files in this folder are parsed with [ConfigParser](https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html).
 
-### Exetending a configuration
+### Extending a configuration
 
 _An example is available in the CORD config_
 
 These are the basic step to extend a configuration. 
-_From now we'll use `myConf` as placeholder for the current configuration._
+_The following uses `myConf` as a placeholder for the current configuration._
 
 **Local Config**
 
diff --git a/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config b/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config
index df30b54..2855816 100755
--- a/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config
+++ b/xos/xos_configuration/xos_common_config
@@ -42,3 +42,4 @@
 disable_minidashboard=True
 branding_name=Open Cloud
 branding_icon=/static/logo.png
+branding_favicon=/static/favicon.png