pimd/CAVEATS - quagga - Gitiles

 # $QuaggaId: $Format:%an, %ai, %h$ $

 C1 IGMPv3 backward compatibility with IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 is not
    implemented. See RFC 3376, 7.3. Multicast Router Behavior. That's
    because only Source-Specific Multicast is currently targeted.

 C2 IGMPv3 support for forwarding any-source groups is not
    implemented. Traffic for groups in mode EXCLUDE {empty} won't be
    forwarded.  See RFC 3376, 6.3. Source-Specific Forwarding
    Rules. That's because only Source-Specific Multicast is currently
    targeted.

 C3 Load Splitting of IP Multicast Traffic over ECMP is not supported.
    See also: RFC 2991
    Multipath Issues in Unicast and Multicast Next-Hop Selection
    http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2991.txt

 C4 IPSec AH authentication is not supported (RFC 4601:
    6.3. Authentication Using IPsec).

 C5 PIM support is limited to SSM mode as defined in section 4.8.2
    (PIM-SSM-Only Routers) of RFC4601. That's because only
    Source-Specific Multicast is currently targeted.

 C6 PIM implementation currently does not support IPv6. PIM-SSM
    requires IGMPv3 for IPv4 and MLDv2 for IPv6. MLDv2 is currently
    missing. See also CAVEAT C9.

 C7 FIXED (S,G) Assert state machine (RFC 4601, section 4.6.1) is not
    implemented. See also TODO T6. See also CAVEAT C10.

 C8 It is not possible to disable join suppression in order to
    explicitly track the join membership of individual downstream
    routers.
    - IGMPv3 Explicit Membership Tracking is not supported.
      When explicit tracking is enabled on a router, the router can
      individually track the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
      membership state of all reporting hosts. This feature allows the
      router to achieve minimal leave latencies when hosts leave a
      multicast group or channel. Example:
        conf t
         interface eth0
          ip igmp explicit-tracking

 C9 Only IPv4 Address Family (number=1) is supported in the PIM Address
    Family field.
    See also RFC 4601: 5.1. PIM Address Family
    See also CAVEAT C6.
    See also http://www.iana.org/assignments/address-family-numbers

 C10 FIXED Assert metric depends on metric_preference and
     route_metric. Those parameters should be fetched from RIB
     (zebra). See also pim_rpf.c, pim_rpf_update().

 C11 SSM Mapping is not supported

     SSM Mapping Overview:

     SSM mapping introduces a means for the last hop router to discover
     sources sending to groups. When SSM mapping is configured, if a
     router receives an IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 membership report for a
     particular group G, the router translates this report into one or
     more (S, G) channel memberships for the well-known sources
     associated with this group.

     When the router receives an IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 membership report for
     a group G, the router uses SSM mapping to determine one or more
     source IP addresses for the group G. SSM mapping then translates
     the membership report as an IGMPv3 report INCLUDE (G, [S1, G],
     [S2, G]...[Sn, G] and continues as if it had received an IGMPv3
     report. The router then sends out PIM joins toward (S1, G) to (Sn,
     G) and continues to be joined to these groups as long as it
     continues to receive the IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 membership reports and
     as long as the SSM mapping for the group remains the same. SSM
     mapping, thus, enables you to leverage SSM for video delivery to
     legacy STBs that do not support IGMPv3 or for applications that do
     not take advantage of the IGMPv3 host stack.

     SSM mapping enables the last hop router to determine the source
     addresses either by a statically configured table on the router or
     by consulting a DNS server. When the statically configured table
     is changed, or when the DNS mapping changes, the router will leave
     the current sources associated with the joined groups.

 C12 FIXED MRIB for incongruent unicast/multicast topologies is not
     supported.  RPF mechanism currently just looks up the information
     in the unicast routing table.

     See also:
     RFC5110: 2.2.3.  Issue: Overlapping Unicast/Multicast Topology

     Sometimes, multicast RPF mechanisms first look up the multicast
     routing table, or M-RIB ("topology database") with a longest
     prefix match algorithm, and if they find any entry (including a
     default route), that is used; if no match is found, the unicast
     routing table is used instead.

 C13 Can't detect change of primary address before the actual change.
     Possible approach is to craft old interface address into ip source
     address by using raw ip socket.

     See also:

     RFC 4601: 4.3.1.  Sending Hello Messages

     Before an interface goes down or changes primary IP address, a
     Hello message with a zero HoldTime should be sent immediately
     (with the old IP address if the IP address changed).

     See also pim_sock_delete().

 C14 FIXED Detection of interface primary address changes may fail when
     there are multiple addresses.
     See also TODO T32.

 C15 Changes in interface secondary address list are not immediately
     detected.
     See also detect_secondary_address_change
     See also TODO T31.

 C16 AMT Draft (mboned-auto-multicast) is not supported.
     AMT = Automatic IP Multicast Without Explicit Tunnels

     See also:

     Draft
     http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast
     http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast-09

     AMT gateway implementation for Linux
     http://cs.utdallas.edu/amt/

     AMT for Streaming (IPTV) on Global IP Multicast by Greg Shepherd (Cisco)
     http://nznog.miniconf.org/nznog-2008-sysadmin-miniconf-greg-shepherd-iptv.pdf

 C17 SNMP / RFC 5060 (PIM MIB) is not supported.

 C18 MFC never recovers from removal of static route to source

     # route add -host 1.2.3.4 gw 192.168.56.10
     Before removal:
     quagga-pimd-router# sh ip mroute
     Source          Group           Proto Input iVifI Output oVifI TTL Uptime
     1.2.3.4         232.1.2.3       I     eth1      3 eth0       2   1 00:00:36

     # route del -host 1.2.3.4 gw 192.168.56.10
     After removal: sh ip mroute --> empty output

     # route add -host 1.2.3.4 gw 192.168.56.10
     After the route is restored: sh ip mroute --> never recovers (empty output)

     At this point, "no ip pim ssm" on the upstream interface (eth0) crashes pimd:

     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: ifmembership_set: (S,G)=(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3) membership now is NOINFO on interface eth0
     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_ifchannel_update_assert_tracking_desired: AssertTrackingDesired(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3,eth0) changed from 1 to 0
     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_zebra.c del_oif: nonexistent protocol mask 2 removed OIF eth0 (vif_index=2, min_ttl=0) from channel (S,G)=(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3)
     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_ifchannel_update_could_assert: CouldAssert(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3,eth0) changed from 1 to 0
     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_ifchannel_update_my_assert_metric: my_assert_metric(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3,eth0) changed from 0,0,0,10.0.2.15 to 1,4294967295,4294967295,0.0.0.0
     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_zebra.c del_oif: nonexistent protocol mask 1 removed OIF eth0 (vif_index=2, min_ttl=0) from channel (S,G)=(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3)
     2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: Assertion `!IGMP_SOURCE_TEST_FORWARDING(source->source_flags)' failed in file pim_igmpv3.c, line 412, function igmp_source_delete

 C19 Provision to prevent group mode clash

     Beware group mode clash. A host/application issuing IGMPv2
     any-source joins for a group will disrupt SSM multicast for that
     group.

     For instance, support for source-specific static igmp WILL FAIL if
     there is host/application issuing IGMPv2 any-source joins for the
     same group.

     The reason is the IGMPv2 any-source join forces qpimd to switch
     the group mode to ASM (any-source multicast); however, qpimd is
     unable to program ASM groups into the kernel; multicast won't
     flow. There could be some provision to prevent such a behavior,
     but currently there is none.

 -x-
	# $QuaggaId: $Format:%an, %ai, %h$ $

	C1 IGMPv3 backward compatibility with IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 is not
	implemented. See RFC 3376, 7.3. Multicast Router Behavior. That's
	because only Source-Specific Multicast is currently targeted.

	C2 IGMPv3 support for forwarding any-source groups is not
	implemented. Traffic for groups in mode EXCLUDE {empty} won't be
	forwarded. See RFC 3376, 6.3. Source-Specific Forwarding
	Rules. That's because only Source-Specific Multicast is currently
	targeted.

	C3 Load Splitting of IP Multicast Traffic over ECMP is not supported.
	See also: RFC 2991
	Multipath Issues in Unicast and Multicast Next-Hop Selection
	http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2991.txt

	C4 IPSec AH authentication is not supported (RFC 4601:
	6.3. Authentication Using IPsec).

	C5 PIM support is limited to SSM mode as defined in section 4.8.2
	(PIM-SSM-Only Routers) of RFC4601. That's because only
	Source-Specific Multicast is currently targeted.

	C6 PIM implementation currently does not support IPv6. PIM-SSM
	requires IGMPv3 for IPv4 and MLDv2 for IPv6. MLDv2 is currently
	missing. See also CAVEAT C9.

	C7 FIXED (S,G) Assert state machine (RFC 4601, section 4.6.1) is not
	implemented. See also TODO T6. See also CAVEAT C10.

	C8 It is not possible to disable join suppression in order to
	explicitly track the join membership of individual downstream
	routers.
	- IGMPv3 Explicit Membership Tracking is not supported.
	When explicit tracking is enabled on a router, the router can
	individually track the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
	membership state of all reporting hosts. This feature allows the
	router to achieve minimal leave latencies when hosts leave a
	multicast group or channel. Example:
	conf t
	interface eth0
	ip igmp explicit-tracking

	C9 Only IPv4 Address Family (number=1) is supported in the PIM Address
	Family field.
	See also RFC 4601: 5.1. PIM Address Family
	See also CAVEAT C6.
	See also http://www.iana.org/assignments/address-family-numbers

	C10 FIXED Assert metric depends on metric_preference and
	route_metric. Those parameters should be fetched from RIB
	(zebra). See also pim_rpf.c, pim_rpf_update().

	C11 SSM Mapping is not supported

	SSM Mapping Overview:

	SSM mapping introduces a means for the last hop router to discover
	sources sending to groups. When SSM mapping is configured, if a
	router receives an IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 membership report for a
	particular group G, the router translates this report into one or
	more (S, G) channel memberships for the well-known sources
	associated with this group.

	When the router receives an IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 membership report for
	a group G, the router uses SSM mapping to determine one or more
	source IP addresses for the group G. SSM mapping then translates
	the membership report as an IGMPv3 report INCLUDE (G, [S1, G],
	[S2, G]...[Sn, G] and continues as if it had received an IGMPv3
	report. The router then sends out PIM joins toward (S1, G) to (Sn,
	G) and continues to be joined to these groups as long as it
	continues to receive the IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 membership reports and
	as long as the SSM mapping for the group remains the same. SSM
	mapping, thus, enables you to leverage SSM for video delivery to
	legacy STBs that do not support IGMPv3 or for applications that do
	not take advantage of the IGMPv3 host stack.

	SSM mapping enables the last hop router to determine the source
	addresses either by a statically configured table on the router or
	by consulting a DNS server. When the statically configured table
	is changed, or when the DNS mapping changes, the router will leave
	the current sources associated with the joined groups.

	C12 FIXED MRIB for incongruent unicast/multicast topologies is not
	supported. RPF mechanism currently just looks up the information
	in the unicast routing table.

	See also:
	RFC5110: 2.2.3. Issue: Overlapping Unicast/Multicast Topology

	Sometimes, multicast RPF mechanisms first look up the multicast
	routing table, or M-RIB ("topology database") with a longest
	prefix match algorithm, and if they find any entry (including a
	default route), that is used; if no match is found, the unicast
	routing table is used instead.

	C13 Can't detect change of primary address before the actual change.
	Possible approach is to craft old interface address into ip source
	address by using raw ip socket.

	See also:

	RFC 4601: 4.3.1. Sending Hello Messages

	Before an interface goes down or changes primary IP address, a
	Hello message with a zero HoldTime should be sent immediately
	(with the old IP address if the IP address changed).

	See also pim_sock_delete().

	C14 FIXED Detection of interface primary address changes may fail when
	there are multiple addresses.
	See also TODO T32.

	C15 Changes in interface secondary address list are not immediately
	detected.
	See also detect_secondary_address_change
	See also TODO T31.

	C16 AMT Draft (mboned-auto-multicast) is not supported.
	AMT = Automatic IP Multicast Without Explicit Tunnels

	See also:

	Draft
	http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast
	http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast-09

	AMT gateway implementation for Linux
	http://cs.utdallas.edu/amt/

	AMT for Streaming (IPTV) on Global IP Multicast by Greg Shepherd (Cisco)
	http://nznog.miniconf.org/nznog-2008-sysadmin-miniconf-greg-shepherd-iptv.pdf

	C17 SNMP / RFC 5060 (PIM MIB) is not supported.

	C18 MFC never recovers from removal of static route to source

	# route add -host 1.2.3.4 gw 192.168.56.10
	Before removal:
	quagga-pimd-router# sh ip mroute
	Source Group Proto Input iVifI Output oVifI TTL Uptime
	1.2.3.4 232.1.2.3 I eth1 3 eth0 2 1 00:00:36

	# route del -host 1.2.3.4 gw 192.168.56.10
	After removal: sh ip mroute --> empty output

	# route add -host 1.2.3.4 gw 192.168.56.10
	After the route is restored: sh ip mroute --> never recovers (empty output)

	At this point, "no ip pim ssm" on the upstream interface (eth0) crashes pimd:

	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: ifmembership_set: (S,G)=(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3) membership now is NOINFO on interface eth0
	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_ifchannel_update_assert_tracking_desired: AssertTrackingDesired(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3,eth0) changed from 1 to 0
	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_zebra.c del_oif: nonexistent protocol mask 2 removed OIF eth0 (vif_index=2, min_ttl=0) from channel (S,G)=(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3)
	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_ifchannel_update_could_assert: CouldAssert(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3,eth0) changed from 1 to 0
	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_ifchannel_update_my_assert_metric: my_assert_metric(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3,eth0) changed from 0,0,0,10.0.2.15 to 1,4294967295,4294967295,0.0.0.0
	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: pim_zebra.c del_oif: nonexistent protocol mask 1 removed OIF eth0 (vif_index=2, min_ttl=0) from channel (S,G)=(1.2.3.4,232.1.2.3)
	2014/02/14 16:30:14 PIM: Assertion `!IGMP_SOURCE_TEST_FORWARDING(source->source_flags)' failed in file pim_igmpv3.c, line 412, function igmp_source_delete

	C19 Provision to prevent group mode clash

	Beware group mode clash. A host/application issuing IGMPv2
	any-source joins for a group will disrupt SSM multicast for that
	group.

	For instance, support for source-specific static igmp WILL FAIL if
	there is host/application issuing IGMPv2 any-source joins for the
	same group.

	The reason is the IGMPv2 any-source join forces qpimd to switch
	the group mode to ASM (any-source multicast); however, qpimd is
	unable to program ASM groups into the kernel; multicast won't
	flow. There could be some provision to prevent such a behavior,
	but currently there is none.

	-x-