edge_deployment/server_bootstrap.rst

..
   SPDX-FileCopyrightText: © 2020 Open Networking Foundation <support@opennetworking.org>
   SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

Server Bootstrap
================

Management Server Bootstrap
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""

The management server is bootstrapped into a customized version of the standard
Ubuntu 18.04 OS installer.

The `iPXE boot firmware <https://ipxe.org/>`_. is used to start this process
and is built using the steps detailed in the `ipxe-build
<https://gerrit.opencord.org/plugins/gitiles/ipxe-build>`_. repo, which
generates both USB and PXE chainloadable boot images.

Once a system has been started using these images started, these images will
download a customized script from  an external webserver to continue the boot
process. This iPXE to webserver connection is secured with mutual TLS
authentication, enforced by the nginx webserver.

The iPXE scripts are created by the `pxeboot
<https://gerrit.opencord.org/plugins/gitiles/ansible/role/pxeboot>`_ role,
which creates both a boot menu, downloads the appropriate binaries for
bootstrapping an OS installation, and creates per-node installation preseed files.

The preseed files contain configuration steps to install the OS from the
upstream Ubuntu repos, as well as customization of packages and creating the
``onfadmin`` user.

Creating a bootable USB drive
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1. Get a USB key. Can be tiny as the uncompressed image is floppy sized
   (1.4MB).  Download the USB image file (``<date>_onf_ipxe.usb.zip``) on the
   system you're using to write the USB key, and unzip it.

2. Put a USB key in the system you're using to create the USB key, then
   determine which USB device file it's at in ``/dev``.  You might look at the
   end of the ``dmesg`` output on Linux/Unix or the output of ``diskutil
   list`` on macOS.

   Be very careful about this, as if you accidentally overwrite some other disk in
   your system that would be highly problematic.

3. Write the image to the device::

      $ dd if=/path/to/20201116_onf_ipxe.usb of=/dev/sdg
      2752+0 records in
      2752+0 records out
      1409024 bytes (1.4 MB, 1.3 MiB) copied, 2.0272 s, 695 kB/s

  You may need to use `sudo` for this.

Boot and Image Management Server
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1. Connect a USB keyboard and VGA monitor to the management node.  Put the USB
   Key in one of the management node's USB ports (port 2 or 3):

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-000.png
       :alt: Management Server Ports
       :scale: 50%

2. Turn on the management node, and press the F11 key as it starts to get into
   the Boot Menu:

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-001.png
       :alt: Management Server Boot Menu
       :scale: 50%

3. Select the USB key (in this case "PNY USB 2.0", your options may vary) and press return. You should see iPXE load:

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-002.png
       :alt: iPXE load
       :scale: 50%

4. A menu will appear which displays the system information and DHCP discovered
   network settings (your network must provide the IP address to the management
   server via DHCP):

   Use the arrow keys to select "Ubuntu 18.04 Installer (fully automatic)":

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-003.png
       :alt: iPXE Menu
       :scale: 50%

   There is a 10 second default timeout if left untouched (it will continue the
   system boot process) so restart the system if you miss the 10 second window.

5. The Ubuntu 18.04 installer will be downloaded and booted:

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-004.png
       :alt: Ubuntu Boot
       :scale: 50%

6. Then the installer starts and takes around 10 minutes to install (depends on
   your connection speed):

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-005.png
       :alt: Ubuntu Install
       :scale: 50%


7. At the end of the install, the system will restart and present you with a
   login prompt:

   .. image:: images/mgmtsrv-006.png
       :alt: Ubuntu Install Complete
       :scale: 50%


Management Server Configuration
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Once the OS is installed on the management server, Ansible is used to remotely
install software on the management server.

To checkout the ONF ansible repo and enter the virtualenv with the tooling::

  mkdir infra
  cd infra
  repo init -u ssh://<your gerrit username>@gerrit.opencord.org:29418/infra-manifest
  repo sync
  cd ansible
  make galaxy
  source venv_onfansible/bin/activate

Obtain the ``undionly.kpxe`` iPXE artifact for bootstrapping the compute
servers, and put it in the ``playbook/files`` directory.

Next, create an inventory file to access the NetBox API.  An example is given
in ``inventory/example-netbox.yml`` - duplicate this file and modify it. Fill
in the ``api_endpoint`` address and ``token`` with an API key you get out of
the NetBox instance.  List the IP Prefixes used by the site in the
``ip_prefixes`` list.

Next, run the ``scripts/netbox_edgeconfig.py`` to generate a host_vars file for
the management server.  Assuming that the management server in the edge is
named ``mgmtserver1.stage1.menlo``, you'd run::

  python scripts/netbox_edgeconfig.py inventory/my-netbox.yml > inventory/host_vars/mgmtserver1.stage1.menlo.yml

One manual change needs to be made to this output - edit the
``inventory/host_vars/mgmtserver1.stage1.menlo.yml`` file and add the following
to the bottom of the file, replacing the IP addresses with the management
server IP address for each segment.

In the case of the Fabric that has two leaves and IP ranges, add the Management
server IP address used for the leaf that it is connected to, and then add a
route for the other IP address range for the non-Management-connected leaf that
is via the Fabric router address in the connected leaf range.

This configures the `netplan <https://netplan.io>`_ on the management server,
and creates a SNAT rule for the UE range route, and will be automated away
soon::

  # added manually
  netprep_netplan:
    ethernets:
      eno2:
        addresses:
          - 10.0.0.1/25
    vlans:
      mgmt800:
        id: 800
        link: eno2
        addresses:
          - 10.0.0.129/25
      fabr801:
        id: 801
        link: eno2
        addresses:
          - 10.0.1.129/25
        routes:
          - to: 10.0.1.0/25
            via: 10.0.1.254
            metric: 100

  netprep_nftables_nat_postrouting: >
    ip saddr 10.0.1.0/25 ip daddr 10.168.0.0/20 counter snat to 10.0.1.129;


Using the ``inventory/example-aether.ini`` as a template, create an
:doc:`ansible inventory <ansible:user_guide/intro_inventory>` file for the
site. Change the device names, IP addresses, and ``onfadmin`` password to match
the ones for this site.  The management server's configuration is in the
``[aethermgmt]`` and corresponding ``[aethermgmt:vars]`` section.

Then, to configure a management server, run::

  ansible-playbook -i inventory/sitename.ini playbooks/aethermgmt-playbook.yml

This installs software with the following functionality:

- VLANs on second Ethernet port to provide connectivity to the rest of the pod.
- Firewall with NAT for routing traffic
- DHCP and TFTP for bootstrapping servers and switches
- DNS for host naming and identification
- HTTP server for serving files used for bootstrapping switches
- Downloads the Tofino switch image
- Creates user accounts for administrative access

Compute Server Bootstrap
""""""""""""""""""""""""

Once the management server has finished installation, it will be set to offer
the same iPXE bootstrap file to the computer.

Each node will be booted, and when iPXE loads select the ``Ubuntu 18.04
Installer (fully automatic)`` option.

The nodes can be controlled remotely via their BMC management interfaces - if
the BMC is at ``10.0.0.3`` a remote user can SSH into them with::

  ssh -L 2443:10.0.0.3:443 onfadmin@<mgmt server ip>

And then use their web browser to access the BMC at::

  https://localhost:2443

The default BMC credentials for the Pronto nodes are::

  login: ADMIN
  password: Admin123

The BMC will also list all of the MAC addresses for the network interfaces
(including BMC) that are built into the logic board of the system. Add-in
network cards like the 40GbE ones used in compute servers aren't listed.

To prepare the compute nodes, software must be installed on them.  As they
can't be accessed directly from your local system, a :ref:`jump host
<ansible:use_ssh_jump_hosts>` configuration is added, so the SSH connection
goes through the management server to the compute systems behind it. Doing this
requires a few steps:

First, configure SSH to use Agent forwarding - create or edit your
``~/.ssh/config`` file and add the following lines::

  Host <management server IP>
    ForwardAgent yes

Then try to login to the management server, then the compute node::

  $ ssh onfadmin@<management server IP>
  Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-54-generic x86_64)
  ...
  onfadmin@mgmtserver1:~$ ssh onfadmin@10.0.0.138
  Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-54-generic x86_64)
  ...
  onfadmin@node2:~$

Being able to login to the compute nodes from the management node means that
SSH Agent forwarding is working correctly.

Verify that your inventory (Created earlier from the
``inventory/example-aether.ini`` file) includes an ``[aethercompute]`` section
that has all the names and IP addresses of the compute nodes in it.

Then run a ping test::

  ansible -i inventory/sitename.ini -m ping aethercompute

It may ask you about authorized keys - answer ``yes`` for each host to trust the keys::

  The authenticity of host '10.0.0.138 (<no hostip for proxy command>)' can't be established.
  ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:...
  Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes

You should then see a success message for each host::

  node1.stage1.menlo | SUCCESS => {
      "changed": false,
      "ping": "pong"
  }
  node2.stage1.menlo | SUCCESS => {
      "changed": false,
      "ping": "pong"
  }
  ...

Once you've seen this, run the playbook to install the prerequisites (Terraform
user, Docker)::

  ansible-playbook -i inventory/sitename.ini playbooks/aethercompute-playbook.yml

Note that Docker is quite large and may take a few minutes for installation
depending on internet connectivity.

Now that these compute nodes have been brought up, the rest of the installation
can continue.