internal/pkg/core/device_handler.go

/*
 * Copyright 2018-present Open Networking Foundation

 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at

 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

//Package core provides the utility for olt devices, flows and statistics
package core

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/hex"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/empty"
	vgrpc "github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/grpc"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/adapter_services"

	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v3"
	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
	grpc_middleware "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware"
	grpc_opentracing "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/tracing/opentracing"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/config"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/events/eventif"
	flow_utils "github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/flows"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/log"
	plt "github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/platform"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-lib-go/v7/pkg/pmmetrics"

	conf "github.com/opencord/voltha-openolt-adapter/internal/pkg/config"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-openolt-adapter/internal/pkg/olterrors"
	rsrcMgr "github.com/opencord/voltha-openolt-adapter/internal/pkg/resourcemanager"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/common"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/extension"
	ic "github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/inter_container"
	of "github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/openflow_13"
	oop "github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/openolt"
	"github.com/opencord/voltha-protos/v5/go/voltha"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)

// Constants for number of retries and for timeout
const (
	InvalidPort                  = 0xffffffff
	MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels = 256

	McastFlowOrGroupAdd    = "McastFlowOrGroupAdd"
	McastFlowOrGroupModify = "McastFlowOrGroupModify"
	McastFlowOrGroupRemove = "McastFlowOrGroupRemove"
	oltPortInfoTimeout     = 3
)

//DeviceHandler will interact with the OLT device.
type DeviceHandler struct {
	cm                      *config.ConfigManager
	device                  *voltha.Device
	cfg                     *conf.AdapterFlags
	coreClient              *vgrpc.Client
	childAdapterClients     map[string]*vgrpc.Client
	lockChildAdapterClients sync.RWMutex
	EventProxy              eventif.EventProxy
	openOLT                 *OpenOLT
	exitChannel             chan int
	lockDevice              sync.RWMutex
	Client                  oop.OpenoltClient
	transitionMap           *TransitionMap
	clientCon               *grpc.ClientConn
	flowMgr                 []*OpenOltFlowMgr
	groupMgr                *OpenOltGroupMgr
	eventMgr                *OpenOltEventMgr
	resourceMgr             []*rsrcMgr.OpenOltResourceMgr

	deviceInfo *oop.DeviceInfo

	discOnus                      sync.Map
	onus                          sync.Map
	portStats                     *OpenOltStatisticsMgr
	metrics                       *pmmetrics.PmMetrics
	stopCollector                 chan bool
	stopHeartbeatCheck            chan bool
	activePorts                   sync.Map
	stopIndications               chan bool
	isReadIndicationRoutineActive bool

	totalPonPorts                  uint32
	perPonOnuIndicationChannel     map[uint32]onuIndicationChannels
	perPonOnuIndicationChannelLock sync.Mutex

	// Slice of channels. Each channel in slice, index by (mcast-group-id modulo MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels)
	// A go routine per index, waits on a unique channel for incoming mcast flow or group (add/modify/remove).
	incomingMcastFlowOrGroup  []chan McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock
	stopMcastHandlerRoutine   []chan bool
	mcastHandlerRoutineActive []bool

	adapterPreviouslyConnected bool
	agentPreviouslyConnected   bool

	isDeviceDeletionInProgress bool
}

//OnuDevice represents ONU related info
type OnuDevice struct {
	deviceID        string
	deviceType      string
	serialNumber    string
	onuID           uint32
	intfID          uint32
	proxyDeviceID   string
	losRaised       bool
	rdiRaised       bool
	adapterEndpoint string
}

type onuIndicationMsg struct {
	ctx        context.Context
	indication *oop.Indication
}

type onuIndicationChannels struct {
	indicationChannel chan onuIndicationMsg
	stopChannel       chan struct{}
}

//McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock is created per mcast flow/group add/modify/remove and pushed on the incomingMcastFlowOrGroup channel slice
//The McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock is then picked by the mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine for further processing.
//There are MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels number of mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine routines which monitor for any incoming mcast flow/group messages
//and process them serially. The mcast flow/group are assigned these routines based on formula (group-id modulo MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels)
type McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock struct {
	ctx               context.Context       // Flow/group handler context
	flowOrGroupAction string                // one of McastFlowOrGroupAdd, McastFlowOrGroupModify or McastFlowOrGroupDelete
	flow              *voltha.OfpFlowStats  // Flow message (can be nil or valid flow)
	group             *voltha.OfpGroupEntry // Group message (can be nil or valid group)
	errChan           *chan error           // channel to report the mcast Flow/group handling error
}

var pmNames = []string{
	"rx_bytes",
	"rx_packets",
	"rx_mcast_packets",
	"rx_bcast_packets",
	"tx_bytes",
	"tx_packets",
	"tx_mcast_packets",
	"tx_bcast_packets",
}

//NewOnuDevice creates a new Onu Device
func NewOnuDevice(devID, deviceTp, serialNum string, onuID, intfID uint32, proxyDevID string, losRaised bool, adapterEndpoint string) *OnuDevice {
	var device OnuDevice
	device.deviceID = devID
	device.deviceType = deviceTp
	device.serialNumber = serialNum
	device.onuID = onuID
	device.intfID = intfID
	device.proxyDeviceID = proxyDevID
	device.losRaised = losRaised
	device.adapterEndpoint = adapterEndpoint
	return &device
}

//NewDeviceHandler creates a new device handler
func NewDeviceHandler(cc *vgrpc.Client, ep eventif.EventProxy, device *voltha.Device, adapter *OpenOLT, cm *config.ConfigManager, cfg *conf.AdapterFlags) *DeviceHandler {
	var dh DeviceHandler
	dh.cm = cm
	dh.coreClient = cc
	dh.EventProxy = ep
	cloned := (proto.Clone(device)).(*voltha.Device)
	dh.device = cloned
	dh.openOLT = adapter
	dh.exitChannel = make(chan int, 1)
	dh.lockDevice = sync.RWMutex{}
	dh.stopCollector = make(chan bool, 2)
	dh.stopHeartbeatCheck = make(chan bool, 2)
	dh.metrics = pmmetrics.NewPmMetrics(cloned.Id, pmmetrics.Frequency(150), pmmetrics.FrequencyOverride(false), pmmetrics.Grouped(false), pmmetrics.Metrics(pmNames))
	dh.activePorts = sync.Map{}
	dh.stopIndications = make(chan bool, 1)
	dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannel = make(map[uint32]onuIndicationChannels)
	dh.childAdapterClients = make(map[string]*vgrpc.Client)
	dh.cfg = cfg
	// Create a slice of buffered channels for handling concurrent mcast flow/group.
	dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup = make([]chan McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock, MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels)
	dh.stopMcastHandlerRoutine = make([]chan bool, MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels)
	dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive = make([]bool, MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels)
	for i := range dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup {
		dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup[i] = make(chan McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock, MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels)
		dh.stopMcastHandlerRoutine[i] = make(chan bool, 1)
		// Spin up a go routine to handling incoming mcast flow/group (add/modify/remove).
		// There will be MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels number of mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine go routines.
		// These routines will be blocked on the dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup[mcast-group-id modulo MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels] channel
		// for incoming mcast flow/group to be processed serially.
		dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive[i] = true
		go dh.mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine(i, dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup[i], dh.stopMcastHandlerRoutine[i])
	}
	//TODO initialize the support classes.
	return &dh
}

// start save the device to the data model
func (dh *DeviceHandler) start(ctx context.Context) {
	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	defer dh.lockDevice.Unlock()
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "starting-device-agent", log.Fields{"device": dh.device})
	// Add the initial device to the local model
	logger.Debug(ctx, "device-agent-started")
}

// stop stops the device dh.  Not much to do for now
func (dh *DeviceHandler) stop(ctx context.Context) {
	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	defer dh.lockDevice.Unlock()
	logger.Debug(ctx, "stopping-device-agent")
	dh.exitChannel <- 1

	logger.Debug(ctx, "device-agent-stopped")
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getPonTechnology(intfID uint32) string {
	for _, resourceRanges := range dh.deviceInfo.GetRanges() {
		for _, pooledIntfID := range resourceRanges.GetIntfIds() {
			if pooledIntfID == intfID {
				return resourceRanges.GetTechnology()
			}
		}
	}
	return ""
}

func macifyIP(ip net.IP) string {
	if len(ip) > 0 {
		oct1 := strconv.FormatInt(int64(ip[12]), 16)
		oct2 := strconv.FormatInt(int64(ip[13]), 16)
		oct3 := strconv.FormatInt(int64(ip[14]), 16)
		oct4 := strconv.FormatInt(int64(ip[15]), 16)
		return fmt.Sprintf("00:00:%02v:%02v:%02v:%02v", oct1, oct2, oct3, oct4)
	}
	return ""
}

func generateMacFromHost(ctx context.Context, host string) (string, error) {
	var genmac string
	var addr net.IP
	var ips []string
	var err error

	logger.Debugw(ctx, "generating-mac-from-host", log.Fields{"host": host})

	if addr = net.ParseIP(host); addr == nil {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "looking-up-hostname", log.Fields{"host": host})

		if ips, err = net.LookupHost(host); err == nil {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "dns-result-ips", log.Fields{"ips": ips})
			if addr = net.ParseIP(ips[0]); addr == nil {
				return "", olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{"ip": ips[0]}, nil)
			}
			genmac = macifyIP(addr)
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "using-ip-as-mac",
				log.Fields{"host": ips[0],
					"mac": genmac})
			return genmac, nil
		}
		return "", olterrors.NewErrAdapter("cannot-resolve-hostname-to-ip", log.Fields{"host": host}, err)
	}

	genmac = macifyIP(addr)
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "using-ip-as-mac",
		log.Fields{"host": host,
			"mac": genmac})
	return genmac, nil
}

func macAddressToUint32Array(mac string) []uint32 {
	slist := strings.Split(mac, ":")
	result := make([]uint32, len(slist))
	var err error
	var tmp int64
	for index, val := range slist {
		if tmp, err = strconv.ParseInt(val, 16, 32); err != nil {
			return []uint32{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
		}
		result[index] = uint32(tmp)
	}
	return result
}

//GetportLabel returns the label for the NNI and the PON port based on port number and port type
func GetportLabel(portNum uint32, portType voltha.Port_PortType) (string, error) {

	switch portType {
	case voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI:
		return fmt.Sprintf("nni-%d", portNum), nil
	case voltha.Port_PON_OLT:
		return fmt.Sprintf("pon-%d", portNum), nil
	}

	return "", olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{"port-type": portType}, nil)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) addPort(ctx context.Context, intfID uint32, portType voltha.Port_PortType, state string) error {
	var operStatus common.OperStatus_Types
	if state == "up" {
		operStatus = voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE
		//populating the intfStatus map
		dh.activePorts.Store(intfID, true)
	} else {
		operStatus = voltha.OperStatus_DISCOVERED
		dh.activePorts.Store(intfID, false)
	}
	portNum := plt.IntfIDToPortNo(intfID, portType)
	label, err := GetportLabel(intfID, portType)
	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrNotFound("port-label", log.Fields{"port-number": portNum, "port-type": portType}, err)
	}

	// Check if port exists
	port, err := dh.getPortFromCore(ctx, &ic.PortFilter{
		DeviceId: dh.device.Id,
		Port:     portNum,
	})
	if err == nil && port.Type == portType {
		logger.Debug(ctx, "port-already-exists-updating-oper-status-of-port")
		err = dh.updatePortStateInCore(ctx, &ic.PortState{
			DeviceId:   dh.device.Id,
			PortType:   portType,
			PortNo:     portNum,
			OperStatus: operStatus})
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("failed-to-update-port-state", log.Fields{
				"device-id":   dh.device.Id,
				"port-type":   portType,
				"port-number": portNum,
				"oper-status": operStatus}, err).Log()
		}
		return nil
	}

	// Now create Port
	capacity := uint32(of.OfpPortFeatures_OFPPF_1GB_FD | of.OfpPortFeatures_OFPPF_FIBER)
	port = &voltha.Port{
		DeviceId:   dh.device.Id,
		PortNo:     portNum,
		Label:      label,
		Type:       portType,
		OperStatus: operStatus,
		OfpPort: &of.OfpPort{
			HwAddr:     macAddressToUint32Array(dh.device.MacAddress),
			Config:     0,
			State:      uint32(of.OfpPortState_OFPPS_LIVE),
			Curr:       capacity,
			Advertised: capacity,
			Peer:       capacity,
			CurrSpeed:  uint32(of.OfpPortFeatures_OFPPF_1GB_FD),
			MaxSpeed:   uint32(of.OfpPortFeatures_OFPPF_1GB_FD),
		},
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-port-update-to-core", log.Fields{"port": port})
	// Synchronous call to update device - this method is run in its own go routine
	err = dh.createPortInCore(ctx, port)
	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("error-creating-port", log.Fields{
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			"port-type": portType}, err)
	}
	go dh.updateLocalDevice(ctx)
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updateLocalDevice(ctx context.Context) {
	device, err := dh.getDeviceFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil || device == nil {
		logger.Errorf(ctx, "device-not-found", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
		return
	}
	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	defer dh.lockDevice.Unlock()
	dh.device = device
}

// nolint: gocyclo
// readIndications to read the indications from the OLT device
func (dh *DeviceHandler) readIndications(ctx context.Context) error {
	defer logger.Debugw(ctx, "indications-ended", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	defer func() {
		dh.lockDevice.Lock()
		dh.isReadIndicationRoutineActive = false
		dh.lockDevice.Unlock()
	}()
	indications, err := dh.startOpenOltIndicationStream(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Create an exponential backoff around re-enabling indications. The
	// maximum elapsed time for the back off is set to 0 so that we will
	// continue to retry. The max interval defaults to 1m, but is set
	// here for code clarity
	indicationBackoff := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
	indicationBackoff.MaxElapsedTime = 0
	indicationBackoff.MaxInterval = 1 * time.Minute

	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	dh.isReadIndicationRoutineActive = true
	dh.lockDevice.Unlock()

Loop:
	for {
		select {
		case <-dh.stopIndications:
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "stopping-collecting-indications-for-olt", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
			break Loop
		default:
			indication, err := indications.Recv()
			if err == io.EOF {
				logger.Infow(ctx, "eof-for-indications",
					log.Fields{"err": err,
						"device-id": dh.device.Id})
				// Use an exponential back off to prevent getting into a tight loop
				duration := indicationBackoff.NextBackOff()
				if duration == backoff.Stop {
					// If we reach a maximum then warn and reset the backoff
					// timer and keep attempting.
					logger.Warnw(ctx, "maximum-indication-backoff-reached--resetting-backoff-timer",
						log.Fields{"max-indication-backoff": indicationBackoff.MaxElapsedTime,
							"device-id": dh.device.Id})
					indicationBackoff.Reset()
				}

				// On failure process a backoff timer while watching for stopIndications
				// events
				backoffTimer := time.NewTimer(indicationBackoff.NextBackOff())
				select {
				case <-dh.stopIndications:
					logger.Debugw(ctx, "stopping-collecting-indications-for-olt", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
					if !backoffTimer.Stop() {
						<-backoffTimer.C
					}
					break Loop
				case <-backoffTimer.C:
					// backoffTimer expired continue
				}
				if indications, err = dh.startOpenOltIndicationStream(ctx); err != nil {
					return err
				}
				continue
			}
			if err != nil {
				logger.Errorw(ctx, "read-indication-error",
					log.Fields{"err": err,
						"device-id": dh.device.Id})
				// Close the stream, and re-initialize it
				if err = indications.CloseSend(); err != nil {
					// Ok to ignore here, because we landed here due to a problem on the stream
					// In all probability, the closeSend call may fail
					logger.Debugw(ctx, "error-closing-send stream--error-ignored",
						log.Fields{"err": err,
							"device-id": dh.device.Id})
				}
				if indications, err = dh.startOpenOltIndicationStream(ctx); err != nil {
					return err
				}
				// once we re-initialized the indication stream, continue to read indications
				continue
			}
			// Reset backoff if we have a successful receive
			indicationBackoff.Reset()
			// When OLT is admin down, ignore all indications.
			if dh.device.AdminState == voltha.AdminState_DISABLED && !isIndicationAllowedDuringOltAdminDown(indication) {
				logger.Debugw(ctx, "olt-is-admin-down, ignore indication",
					log.Fields{"indication": indication,
						"device-id": dh.device.Id})
				continue
			}
			dh.handleIndication(ctx, indication)
		}
	}
	// Close the send stream
	_ = indications.CloseSend() // Ok to ignore error, as we stopping the readIndication anyway

	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) startOpenOltIndicationStream(ctx context.Context) (oop.Openolt_EnableIndicationClient, error) {
	logger.Infow(ctx, "enabling read indications", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	indications, err := dh.Client.EnableIndication(ctx, new(oop.Empty))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, olterrors.NewErrCommunication("indication-read-failure", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
	}
	if indications == nil {
		return nil, olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{"indications": nil, "device-id": dh.device.Id}, nil).Log()
	}
	logger.Infow(ctx, "read indication started successfully", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	return indications, nil
}

// isIndicationAllowedDuringOltAdminDown returns true if the indication is allowed during OLT Admin down, else false
func isIndicationAllowedDuringOltAdminDown(indication *oop.Indication) bool {
	switch indication.Data.(type) {
	case *oop.Indication_OltInd, *oop.Indication_IntfInd, *oop.Indication_IntfOperInd:
		return true

	default:
		return false
	}
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) handleOltIndication(ctx context.Context, oltIndication *oop.OltIndication) error {
	raisedTs := time.Now().Unix()
	if oltIndication.OperState == "up" && dh.transitionMap.currentDeviceState != deviceStateUp {
		dh.transitionMap.Handle(ctx, DeviceUpInd)
	} else if oltIndication.OperState == "down" {
		dh.transitionMap.Handle(ctx, DeviceDownInd)
	}
	// Send or clear Alarm
	if err := dh.eventMgr.oltUpDownIndication(ctx, oltIndication, dh.device.Id, raisedTs); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("failed-indication", log.Fields{
			"device-id":  dh.device.Id,
			"indication": oltIndication,
			"timestamp":  raisedTs}, err)
	}
	return nil
}

// nolint: gocyclo
func (dh *DeviceHandler) handleIndication(ctx context.Context, indication *oop.Indication) {
	raisedTs := time.Now().Unix()
	switch indication.Data.(type) {
	case *oop.Indication_OltInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "olt-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received olt indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id, "olt-ind": indication.GetOltInd()})
		if err := dh.handleOltIndication(ctx, indication.GetOltInd()); err != nil {
			_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{"type": "olt", "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
		}
	case *oop.Indication_IntfInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "interface-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		intfInd := indication.GetIntfInd()
		go func() {
			if err := dh.addPort(ctx, intfInd.GetIntfId(), voltha.Port_PON_OLT, intfInd.GetOperState()); err != nil {
				_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{"type": "interface", "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
			}
		}()
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received-interface-indication", log.Fields{"InterfaceInd": intfInd, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
	case *oop.Indication_IntfOperInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "interface-oper-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		intfOperInd := indication.GetIntfOperInd()
		if intfOperInd.GetType() == "nni" {
			go func() {
				if err := dh.addPort(ctx, intfOperInd.GetIntfId(), voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI, intfOperInd.GetOperState()); err != nil {
					_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{"type": "interface-oper-nni", "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
				}
			}()
		} else if intfOperInd.GetType() == "pon" {
			// TODO: Check what needs to be handled here for When PON PORT down, ONU will be down
			// Handle pon port update
			go func() {
				if err := dh.addPort(ctx, intfOperInd.GetIntfId(), voltha.Port_PON_OLT, intfOperInd.GetOperState()); err != nil {
					_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{"type": "interface-oper-pon", "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
				}
			}()
			go dh.eventMgr.oltIntfOperIndication(ctx, indication.GetIntfOperInd(), dh.device.Id, raisedTs)
		}
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received-interface-oper-indication",
			log.Fields{"interfaceOperInd": intfOperInd,
				"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	case *oop.Indication_OnuDiscInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "onu-discovery-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		onuDiscInd := indication.GetOnuDiscInd()
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received-onu-discovery-indication", log.Fields{"OnuDiscInd": onuDiscInd, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
		//put message  to channel and return immediately
		dh.putOnuIndicationToChannel(ctx, indication, onuDiscInd.GetIntfId())
	case *oop.Indication_OnuInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "onu-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		onuInd := indication.GetOnuInd()
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received-onu-indication", log.Fields{"OnuInd": onuInd, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
		//put message  to channel and return immediately
		dh.putOnuIndicationToChannel(ctx, indication, onuInd.GetIntfId())
	case *oop.Indication_OmciInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "omci-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		omciInd := indication.GetOmciInd()
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "received-omci-indication", log.Fields{"intf-id": omciInd.IntfId, "onu-id": omciInd.OnuId, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
		go func() {
			if err := dh.omciIndication(ctx, omciInd); err != nil {
				_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{"type": "omci", "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
			}
		}()
	case *oop.Indication_PktInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "packet-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		pktInd := indication.GetPktInd()
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "received-packet-indication", log.Fields{
			"intf-type":   pktInd.IntfId,
			"intf-id":     pktInd.IntfId,
			"gem-port-id": pktInd.GemportId,
			"port-no":     pktInd.PortNo,
			"device-id":   dh.device.Id,
		})

		if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "received-packet-indication-packet", log.Fields{
				"intf-type":   pktInd.IntfId,
				"intf-id":     pktInd.IntfId,
				"gem-port-id": pktInd.GemportId,
				"port-no":     pktInd.PortNo,
				"packet":      hex.EncodeToString(pktInd.Pkt),
				"device-id":   dh.device.Id,
			})
		}

		go func() {
			if err := dh.handlePacketIndication(ctx, pktInd); err != nil {
				_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{"type": "packet", "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
			}
		}()
	case *oop.Indication_PortStats:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "port-statistics-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		portStats := indication.GetPortStats()
		go dh.portStats.PortStatisticsIndication(ctx, portStats, dh.totalPonPorts)
	case *oop.Indication_FlowStats:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "flow-stats-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		flowStats := indication.GetFlowStats()
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received-flow-stats", log.Fields{"FlowStats": flowStats, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
	case *oop.Indication_AlarmInd:
		span, ctx := log.CreateChildSpan(ctx, "alarm-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		defer span.Finish()

		alarmInd := indication.GetAlarmInd()
		logger.Infow(ctx, "received-alarm-indication", log.Fields{"AlarmInd": alarmInd, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
		go dh.eventMgr.ProcessEvents(ctx, alarmInd, dh.device.Id, raisedTs)
	}
}

// doStateUp handle the olt up indication and update to voltha core
func (dh *DeviceHandler) doStateUp(ctx context.Context) error {
	//starting the stat collector
	go startCollector(ctx, dh)

	// instantiate the mcast handler routines.
	for i := range dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup {
		// We land inside the below "if" code path, after the OLT comes back from a reboot, otherwise the routines
		// are already active when the DeviceHandler module is first instantiated (as part of Adopt_device RPC invocation).
		if !dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive[i] {
			// Spin up a go routine to handling incoming mcast flow/group (add/modify/remove).
			// There will be MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels number of mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine go routines.
			// These routines will be blocked on the dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup[mcast-group-id modulo MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels] channel
			// for incoming mcast flow/group to be processed serially.
			dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive[i] = true
			go dh.mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine(i, dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup[i], dh.stopMcastHandlerRoutine[i])
		}
	}

	// Synchronous call to update device state - this method is run in its own go routine
	if err := dh.updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceStateFilter{
		DeviceId:   dh.device.Id,
		OperStatus: voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE,
		ConnStatus: voltha.ConnectStatus_REACHABLE,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-state-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}

	//Clear olt communication failure event
	dh.device.ConnectStatus = voltha.ConnectStatus_REACHABLE
	dh.device.OperStatus = voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE
	raisedTs := time.Now().Unix()
	go dh.eventMgr.oltCommunicationEvent(ctx, dh.device, raisedTs)

	//check adapter and agent reconcile status
	//reboot olt if needed (olt disconnection case)
	if dh.adapterPreviouslyConnected != dh.agentPreviouslyConnected {
		logger.Warnw(ctx, "different-reconcile-status-between-adapter-and-agent-rebooting-device",
			log.Fields{
				"device-id":      dh.device.Id,
				"adapter-status": dh.adapterPreviouslyConnected,
				"agent-status":   dh.agentPreviouslyConnected,
			})
		_ = dh.RebootDevice(ctx, dh.device)
	}

	return nil
}

// doStateDown handle the olt down indication
func (dh *DeviceHandler) doStateDown(ctx context.Context) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "do-state-down-start", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})

	device, err := dh.getDeviceFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil || device == nil {
		/*TODO: needs to handle error scenarios */
		return olterrors.NewErrNotFound("device", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}

	cloned := proto.Clone(device).(*voltha.Device)

	//Update the device oper state and connection status
	cloned.OperStatus = voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN
	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	dh.device = cloned
	dh.lockDevice.Unlock()

	if err = dh.updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceStateFilter{
		DeviceId:   cloned.Id,
		OperStatus: cloned.OperStatus,
		ConnStatus: cloned.ConnectStatus,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("state-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id}, err)
	}

	//get the child device for the parent device
	onuDevices, err := dh.getChildDevicesFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("child-device-fetch-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}
	for _, onuDevice := range onuDevices.Items {
		// Update onu state as down in onu adapter
		onuInd := oop.OnuIndication{}
		onuInd.OperState = "down"

		ogClient, err := dh.getChildAdapterServiceClient(onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
		_, err = ogClient.OnuIndication(subCtx, &ic.OnuIndicationMessage{
			DeviceId:      onuDevice.Id,
			OnuIndication: &onuInd,
		})
		cancel()
		if err != nil {
			_ = olterrors.NewErrCommunication("inter-adapter-send-failed", log.Fields{
				"source":        dh.openOLT.config.AdapterEndpoint,
				"onu-indicator": onuInd,
				"device-type":   onuDevice.Type,
				"device-id":     onuDevice.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
			//Do not return here and continue to process other ONUs
		} else {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending inter adapter down ind to onu success", log.Fields{"olt-device-id": device.Id, "onu-device-id": onuDevice.Id})
		}
	}
	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	/* Discovered ONUs entries need to be cleared , since after OLT
	   is up, it starts sending discovery indications again*/
	dh.discOnus = sync.Map{}
	dh.lockDevice.Unlock()

	logger.Debugw(ctx, "do-state-down-end", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})
	return nil
}

// doStateInit dial the grpc before going to init state
func (dh *DeviceHandler) doStateInit(ctx context.Context) error {
	var err error

	// if the connection is already available, close the previous connection (olt reboot case)
	if dh.clientCon != nil {
		if err = dh.clientCon.Close(); err != nil {
			logger.Errorw(ctx, "failed-to-close-previous-connection", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		} else {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "previous-grpc-channel-closed-successfully", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
		}
	}

	// Use Interceptors to automatically inject and publish Open Tracing Spans by this GRPC client
	dh.clientCon, err = grpc.Dial(dh.device.GetHostAndPort(),
		grpc.WithInsecure(),
		grpc.WithBlock(),
		grpc.WithStreamInterceptor(grpc_middleware.ChainStreamClient(
			grpc_opentracing.StreamClientInterceptor(grpc_opentracing.WithTracer(log.ActiveTracerProxy{})),
		)),
		grpc.WithUnaryInterceptor(grpc_middleware.ChainUnaryClient(
			grpc_opentracing.UnaryClientInterceptor(grpc_opentracing.WithTracer(log.ActiveTracerProxy{})),
		)))

	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("dial-failure", log.Fields{
			"device-id":     dh.device.Id,
			"host-and-port": dh.device.GetHostAndPort()}, err)
	}
	return nil
}

// postInit create olt client instance to invoke RPC on the olt device
func (dh *DeviceHandler) postInit(ctx context.Context) error {
	dh.Client = oop.NewOpenoltClient(dh.clientCon)
	dh.transitionMap.Handle(ctx, GrpcConnected)
	return nil
}

// doStateConnected get the device info and update to voltha core
func (dh *DeviceHandler) doStateConnected(ctx context.Context) error {
	var err error
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "olt-device-connected", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})

	// Case where OLT is disabled and then rebooted.
	device, err := dh.getDeviceFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil || device == nil {
		/*TODO: needs to handle error scenarios */
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-fetch-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
	}
	if device.AdminState == voltha.AdminState_DISABLED {
		logger.Debugln(ctx, "do-state-connected--device-admin-state-down")

		cloned := proto.Clone(device).(*voltha.Device)
		cloned.ConnectStatus = voltha.ConnectStatus_REACHABLE
		cloned.OperStatus = voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN
		dh.device = cloned

		if err = dh.updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceStateFilter{
			DeviceId:   cloned.Id,
			OperStatus: cloned.OperStatus,
			ConnStatus: cloned.ConnectStatus,
		}); err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-state-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
		}

		// Since the device was disabled before the OLT was rebooted, enforce the OLT to be Disabled after re-connection.
		_, err = dh.Client.DisableOlt(ctx, new(oop.Empty))
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("olt-disable-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
		}
		// We should still go ahead an initialize various device handler modules so that when OLT is re-enabled, we have
		// all the modules initialized and ready to handle incoming ONUs.

		err = dh.initializeDeviceHandlerModules(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-handler-initialization-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
		}

		// Start reading indications
		go func() {
			if err = dh.readIndications(ctx); err != nil {
				_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("indication-read-failure", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
			}
		}()

		go startHeartbeatCheck(ctx, dh)

		return nil
	}

	ports, err := dh.listDevicePortsFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil {
		/*TODO: needs to handle error scenarios */
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("fetch-ports-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}
	dh.populateActivePorts(ctx, ports.Items)
	if err := dh.disableAdminDownPorts(ctx, ports.Items); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("port-status-update-failed", log.Fields{"ports": ports}, err)
	}

	if err := dh.initializeDeviceHandlerModules(ctx); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-handler-initialization-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
	}

	// Start reading indications
	go func() {
		if err := dh.readIndications(ctx); err != nil {
			_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("read-indications-failure", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
		}
	}()
	go dh.updateLocalDevice(ctx)

	if device.PmConfigs != nil {
		dh.UpdatePmConfig(ctx, device.PmConfigs)
	}

	go startHeartbeatCheck(ctx, dh)

	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) initializeDeviceHandlerModules(ctx context.Context) error {
	var err error
	dh.deviceInfo, err = dh.populateDeviceInfo(ctx)

	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("populate-device-info-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}
	dh.totalPonPorts = dh.deviceInfo.GetPonPorts()
	dh.agentPreviouslyConnected = dh.deviceInfo.PreviouslyConnected

	dh.resourceMgr = make([]*rsrcMgr.OpenOltResourceMgr, dh.totalPonPorts)
	dh.flowMgr = make([]*OpenOltFlowMgr, dh.totalPonPorts)
	var i uint32
	for i = 0; i < dh.totalPonPorts; i++ {
		// Instantiate resource manager
		if dh.resourceMgr[i] = rsrcMgr.NewResourceMgr(ctx, i, dh.device.Id, dh.openOLT.KVStoreAddress, dh.openOLT.KVStoreType, dh.device.Type, dh.deviceInfo, dh.cm.Backend.PathPrefix); dh.resourceMgr[i] == nil {
			return olterrors.ErrResourceManagerInstantiating
		}
	}
	// GroupManager instance is per OLT. But it needs a reference to any instance of resourceMgr to interface with
	// the KV store to manage mcast group data. Provide the first instance (0th index)
	if dh.groupMgr = NewGroupManager(ctx, dh, dh.resourceMgr[0]); dh.groupMgr == nil {
		return olterrors.ErrGroupManagerInstantiating
	}
	for i = 0; i < dh.totalPonPorts; i++ {
		// Instantiate flow manager
		if dh.flowMgr[i] = NewFlowManager(ctx, dh, dh.resourceMgr[i], dh.groupMgr, i); dh.flowMgr[i] == nil {
			return olterrors.ErrFlowManagerInstantiating
		}
		dh.resourceMgr[i].TechprofileRef = dh.flowMgr[i].techprofile
	}
	/* TODO: Instantiate Alarm , stats , BW managers */
	/* Instantiating Event Manager to handle Alarms and KPIs */
	dh.eventMgr = NewEventMgr(dh.EventProxy, dh)

	// Stats config for new device
	dh.portStats = NewOpenOltStatsMgr(ctx, dh)

	return nil

}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) populateDeviceInfo(ctx context.Context) (*oop.DeviceInfo, error) {
	var err error
	var deviceInfo *oop.DeviceInfo

	deviceInfo, err = dh.Client.GetDeviceInfo(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), new(oop.Empty))

	if err != nil {
		return nil, olterrors.NewErrPersistence("get", "device", 0, nil, err)
	}
	if deviceInfo == nil {
		return nil, olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{"device": nil}, nil)
	}

	logger.Debugw(ctx, "fetched-device-info", log.Fields{"deviceInfo": deviceInfo, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
	dh.device.Root = true
	dh.device.Vendor = deviceInfo.Vendor
	dh.device.Model = deviceInfo.Model
	dh.device.SerialNumber = deviceInfo.DeviceSerialNumber
	dh.device.HardwareVersion = deviceInfo.HardwareVersion
	dh.device.FirmwareVersion = deviceInfo.FirmwareVersion

	if deviceInfo.DeviceId == "" {
		logger.Warnw(ctx, "no-device-id-provided-using-host", log.Fields{"hostport": dh.device.GetHostAndPort()})
		host := strings.Split(dh.device.GetHostAndPort(), ":")[0]
		genmac, err := generateMacFromHost(ctx, host)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, olterrors.NewErrAdapter("failed-to-generate-mac-host", log.Fields{"host": host}, err)
		}
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "using-host-for-mac-address", log.Fields{"host": host, "mac": genmac})
		dh.device.MacAddress = genmac
	} else {
		dh.device.MacAddress = deviceInfo.DeviceId
	}

	// Synchronous call to update device - this method is run in its own go routine
	if err = dh.updateDeviceInCore(ctx, dh.device); err != nil {
		return nil, olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}

	return deviceInfo, nil
}

func startCollector(ctx context.Context, dh *DeviceHandler) {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "starting-collector", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	for {
		select {
		case <-dh.stopCollector:
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "stopping-collector-for-olt", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
			return
		case <-time.After(time.Duration(dh.metrics.ToPmConfigs().DefaultFreq) * time.Second):

			ports, err := dh.listDevicePortsFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Warnw(ctx, "failed-to-list-ports", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id, "err": err})
				continue
			}
			for _, port := range ports.Items {
				// NNI Stats
				if port.Type == voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI {
					intfID := plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.PortNo, voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI)
					cmnni := dh.portStats.collectNNIMetrics(intfID)
					logger.Debugw(ctx, "collect-nni-metrics", log.Fields{"metrics": cmnni})
					go dh.portStats.publishMetrics(ctx, NNIStats, cmnni, port, dh.device.Id, dh.device.Type)
					logger.Debugw(ctx, "publish-nni-metrics", log.Fields{"nni-port": port.Label})
				}
				// PON Stats
				if port.Type == voltha.Port_PON_OLT {
					intfID := plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.PortNo, voltha.Port_PON_OLT)
					if val, ok := dh.activePorts.Load(intfID); ok && val == true {
						cmpon := dh.portStats.collectPONMetrics(intfID)
						logger.Debugw(ctx, "collect-pon-metrics", log.Fields{"metrics": cmpon})
						go dh.portStats.publishMetrics(ctx, PONStats, cmpon, port, dh.device.Id, dh.device.Type)
					}
					logger.Debugw(ctx, "publish-pon-metrics", log.Fields{"pon-port": port.Label})

					onuGemInfoLst := dh.flowMgr[intfID].getOnuGemInfoList(ctx)
					if len(onuGemInfoLst) > 0 {
						go dh.portStats.collectOnuAndGemStats(ctx, onuGemInfoLst)
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

//AdoptDevice adopts the OLT device
func (dh *DeviceHandler) AdoptDevice(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device) {
	dh.transitionMap = NewTransitionMap(dh)
	logger.Infow(ctx, "adopt-device", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id, "Address": device.GetHostAndPort()})
	dh.transitionMap.Handle(ctx, DeviceInit)

	// Now, set the initial PM configuration for that device
	cgClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorw(ctx, "no-core-connection", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id, "error": err})
		return
	}

	// Now, set the initial PM configuration for that device
	if _, err := cgClient.DevicePMConfigUpdate(ctx, dh.metrics.ToPmConfigs()); err != nil {
		_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("error-updating-performance-metrics", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
	}
}

//GetOfpDeviceInfo Gets the Ofp information of the given device
func (dh *DeviceHandler) GetOfpDeviceInfo(device *voltha.Device) (*ic.SwitchCapability, error) {
	return &ic.SwitchCapability{
		Desc: &of.OfpDesc{
			MfrDesc:   "VOLTHA Project",
			HwDesc:    "open_pon",
			SwDesc:    "open_pon",
			SerialNum: device.SerialNumber,
		},
		SwitchFeatures: &of.OfpSwitchFeatures{
			NBuffers: 256,
			NTables:  2,
			Capabilities: uint32(of.OfpCapabilities_OFPC_FLOW_STATS |
				of.OfpCapabilities_OFPC_TABLE_STATS |
				of.OfpCapabilities_OFPC_PORT_STATS |
				of.OfpCapabilities_OFPC_GROUP_STATS),
		},
	}, nil
}

// GetTechProfileDownloadMessage fetches the TechProfileDownloadMessage for the caller.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) GetTechProfileDownloadMessage(ctx context.Context, request *ic.TechProfileInstanceRequestMessage) (*ic.TechProfileDownloadMessage, error) {
	ifID, err := plt.IntfIDFromPonPortNum(ctx, request.ParentPonPort)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return dh.flowMgr[ifID].getTechProfileDownloadMessage(ctx, request.TpInstancePath, request.OnuId, request.DeviceId)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) omciIndication(ctx context.Context, omciInd *oop.OmciIndication) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "omci-indication", log.Fields{"intf-id": omciInd.IntfId, "onu-id": omciInd.OnuId, "parent-device-id": dh.device.Id})
	var deviceType string
	var deviceID string
	var proxyDeviceID string
	var childAdapterEndpoint string

	transid := extractOmciTransactionID(omciInd.Pkt)
	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "recv-omci-msg", log.Fields{"intf-id": omciInd.IntfId, "onu-id": omciInd.OnuId, "device-id": dh.device.Id,
			"omci-transaction-id": transid, "omci-msg": hex.EncodeToString(omciInd.Pkt)})
	}

	onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(omciInd.IntfId, omciInd.OnuId)

	if onuInCache, ok := dh.onus.Load(onuKey); !ok {

		logger.Debugw(ctx, "omci-indication-for-a-device-not-in-cache.", log.Fields{"intf-id": omciInd.IntfId, "onu-id": omciInd.OnuId, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
		ponPort := plt.IntfIDToPortNo(omciInd.GetIntfId(), voltha.Port_PON_OLT)

		onuDevice, err := dh.getChildDeviceFromCore(ctx, &ic.ChildDeviceFilter{
			ParentId:     dh.device.Id,
			OnuId:        omciInd.OnuId,
			ParentPortNo: ponPort,
		})
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrNotFound("onu", log.Fields{
				"intf-id": omciInd.IntfId,
				"onu-id":  omciInd.OnuId}, err)
		}
		deviceType = onuDevice.Type
		deviceID = onuDevice.Id
		proxyDeviceID = onuDevice.ProxyAddress.DeviceId
		childAdapterEndpoint = onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint
		//if not exist in cache, then add to cache.
		dh.onus.Store(onuKey, NewOnuDevice(deviceID, deviceType, onuDevice.SerialNumber, omciInd.OnuId, omciInd.IntfId, proxyDeviceID, false, onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint))
	} else {
		//found in cache
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "omci-indication-for-a-device-in-cache.", log.Fields{"intf-id": omciInd.IntfId, "onu-id": omciInd.OnuId, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
		deviceType = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).deviceType
		deviceID = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).deviceID
		proxyDeviceID = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).proxyDeviceID
		childAdapterEndpoint = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).adapterEndpoint
	}

	if err := dh.sendOmciIndicationToChildAdapter(ctx, childAdapterEndpoint, &ic.OmciMessage{
		ParentDeviceId: proxyDeviceID,
		ChildDeviceId:  deviceID,
		Message:        omciInd.Pkt,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("omci-request", log.Fields{
			"source":          dh.openOLT.config.AdapterEndpoint,
			"device-type":     deviceType,
			"destination":     childAdapterEndpoint,
			"onu-id":          deviceID,
			"proxy-device-id": proxyDeviceID}, err)
	}
	return nil
}

// //ProcessInterAdapterMessage sends the proxied messages to the target device
// // If the proxy address is not found in the unmarshalled message, it first fetches the onu device for which the message
// // is meant, and then send the unmarshalled omci message to this onu
// func (dh *DeviceHandler) ProcessInterAdapterMessage(ctx context.Context, msg *ic.InterAdapterMessage) error {
// 	logger.Debugw(ctx, "process-inter-adapter-message", log.Fields{"msgID": msg.Header.Id})
// 	if msg.Header.Type == ic.InterAdapterMessageType_OMCI_REQUEST {
// 		return dh.handleInterAdapterOmciMsg(ctx, msg)
// 	}
// 	return olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{"inter-adapter-message-type": msg.Header.Type}, nil)
// }

// ProxyOmciMessage sends the proxied OMCI message to the target device
func (dh *DeviceHandler) ProxyOmciMessage(ctx context.Context, omciMsg *ic.OmciMessage) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "proxy-omci-message", log.Fields{"parent-device-id": omciMsg.ParentDeviceId, "child-device-id": omciMsg.ChildDeviceId, "proxy-address": omciMsg.ProxyAddress, "connect-status": omciMsg.ConnectStatus})

	if omciMsg.GetProxyAddress() == nil {
		onuDevice, err := dh.getDeviceFromCore(ctx, omciMsg.ChildDeviceId)
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrNotFound("onu", log.Fields{
				"parent-device-id": dh.device.Id,
				"child-device-id":  omciMsg.ChildDeviceId}, err)
		}
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "device-retrieved-from-core", log.Fields{"onu-device-proxy-address": onuDevice.ProxyAddress})
		if err := dh.sendProxiedMessage(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), onuDevice, omciMsg); err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("send-failed", log.Fields{
				"parent-device-id": dh.device.Id,
				"child-device-id":  omciMsg.ChildDeviceId}, err)
		}
	} else {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "proxy-address-found-in-omci-message", log.Fields{"onu-device-proxy-address": omciMsg.ProxyAddress})
		if err := dh.sendProxiedMessage(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), nil, omciMsg); err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("send-failed", log.Fields{
				"parent-device-id": dh.device.Id,
				"child-device-id":  omciMsg.ChildDeviceId}, err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendProxiedMessage(ctx context.Context, onuDevice *voltha.Device, omciMsg *ic.OmciMessage) error {
	var intfID uint32
	var onuID uint32
	var connectStatus common.ConnectStatus_Types
	if onuDevice != nil {
		intfID = onuDevice.ProxyAddress.GetChannelId()
		onuID = onuDevice.ProxyAddress.GetOnuId()
		connectStatus = onuDevice.ConnectStatus
	} else {
		intfID = omciMsg.GetProxyAddress().GetChannelId()
		onuID = omciMsg.GetProxyAddress().GetOnuId()
		connectStatus = omciMsg.GetConnectStatus()
	}
	if connectStatus != voltha.ConnectStatus_REACHABLE {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-not-reachable--cannot-send-omci", log.Fields{"intf-id": intfID, "onu-id": onuID})

		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("unreachable", log.Fields{
			"intf-id": intfID,
			"onu-id":  onuID}, nil)
	}

	// TODO: OpenOLT Agent oop.OmciMsg expects a hex encoded string for OMCI packets rather than the actual bytes.
	//  Fix this in the agent and then we can pass byte array as Pkt: omciMsg.Message.
	var omciMessage *oop.OmciMsg
	hexPkt := make([]byte, hex.EncodedLen(len(omciMsg.Message)))
	hex.Encode(hexPkt, omciMsg.Message)
	omciMessage = &oop.OmciMsg{IntfId: intfID, OnuId: onuID, Pkt: hexPkt}

	// TODO: Below logging illustrates the "stringify" of the omci Pkt.
	//  once above is fixed this log line can change to just use hex.EncodeToString(omciMessage.Pkt)
	transid := extractOmciTransactionID(omciMsg.Message)
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sent-omci-msg", log.Fields{"intf-id": intfID, "onu-id": onuID,
		"omciTransactionID": transid, "omciMsg": string(omciMessage.Pkt)})

	_, err := dh.Client.OmciMsgOut(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), omciMessage)
	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("omci-send-failed", log.Fields{
			"intf-id": intfID,
			"onu-id":  onuID,
			"message": omciMessage}, err)
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) activateONU(ctx context.Context, intfID uint32, onuID int64, serialNum *oop.SerialNumber, serialNumber string) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "activate-onu", log.Fields{"intf-id": intfID, "onu-id": onuID, "serialNum": serialNum, "serialNumber": serialNumber, "device-id": dh.device.Id, "OmccEncryption": dh.openOLT.config.OmccEncryption})
	if err := dh.flowMgr[intfID].AddOnuInfoToFlowMgrCacheAndKvStore(ctx, intfID, uint32(onuID), serialNumber); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("onu-activate-failed", log.Fields{"onu": onuID, "intf-id": intfID}, err)
	}
	var pir uint32 = 1000000
	Onu := oop.Onu{IntfId: intfID, OnuId: uint32(onuID), SerialNumber: serialNum, Pir: pir, OmccEncryption: dh.openOLT.config.OmccEncryption}
	if _, err := dh.Client.ActivateOnu(ctx, &Onu); err != nil {
		st, _ := status.FromError(err)
		if st.Code() == codes.AlreadyExists {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-activation-in-progress", log.Fields{"SerialNumber": serialNumber, "onu-id": onuID, "device-id": dh.device.Id})

		} else {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("onu-activate-failed", log.Fields{"onu": Onu, "device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
		}
	} else {
		logger.Infow(ctx, "activated-onu", log.Fields{"SerialNumber": serialNumber, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) onuDiscIndication(ctx context.Context, onuDiscInd *oop.OnuDiscIndication) error {
	channelID := onuDiscInd.GetIntfId()
	parentPortNo := plt.IntfIDToPortNo(onuDiscInd.GetIntfId(), voltha.Port_PON_OLT)

	sn := dh.stringifySerialNumber(onuDiscInd.SerialNumber)
	logger.Infow(ctx, "new-discovery-indication", log.Fields{"sn": sn})

	var alarmInd oop.OnuAlarmIndication
	raisedTs := time.Now().Unix()
	if _, loaded := dh.discOnus.LoadOrStore(sn, true); loaded {

		/* When PON cable disconnected and connected back from OLT, it was expected OnuAlarmIndication
		   with "los_status: off" should be raised but BAL does not raise this Alarm hence manually sending
		   OnuLosClear event on receiving OnuDiscoveryIndication for the Onu after checking whether
		   OnuLosRaise event sent for it */
		dh.onus.Range(func(Onukey interface{}, onuInCache interface{}) bool {
			if onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).serialNumber == sn && onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).losRaised {
				if onuDiscInd.GetIntfId() != onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).intfID {
					logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-is-on-a-different-intf-id-now", log.Fields{
						"previousIntfId": onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).intfID,
						"currentIntfId":  onuDiscInd.GetIntfId()})
					// TODO:: Should we need to ignore raising OnuLosClear event
					// when onu connected to different PON?
				}
				alarmInd.IntfId = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).intfID
				alarmInd.OnuId = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).onuID
				alarmInd.LosStatus = statusCheckOff
				go func() {
					if err := dh.eventMgr.onuAlarmIndication(ctx, &alarmInd, onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).deviceID, raisedTs); err != nil {
						logger.Debugw(ctx, "indication-failed", log.Fields{"err": err})
					}
				}()
			}
			return true
		})

		logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-sn-is-already-being-processed", log.Fields{"sn": sn})
		return nil
	}

	var onuID uint32

	// check the ONU is already know to the OLT
	// NOTE the second time the ONU is discovered this should return a device
	onuDevice, err := dh.getChildDeviceFromCore(ctx, &ic.ChildDeviceFilter{
		ParentId:     dh.device.Id,
		SerialNumber: sn,
	})

	if err != nil {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "core-proxy-get-child-device-failed", log.Fields{"parentDevice": dh.device.Id, "err": err, "sn": sn})
		if e, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "core-proxy-get-child-device-failed-with-code", log.Fields{"errCode": e.Code(), "sn": sn})
			switch e.Code() {
			case codes.Internal:
				// this probably means NOT FOUND, so just create a new device
				onuDevice = nil
			case codes.DeadlineExceeded:
				// if the call times out, cleanup and exit
				dh.discOnus.Delete(sn)
				return olterrors.NewErrTimeout("get-child-device", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
			}
		}
	}

	if onuDevice == nil {
		// NOTE this should happen a single time, and only if GetChildDevice returns NotFound
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "creating-new-onu", log.Fields{"sn": sn})
		// we need to create a new ChildDevice
		ponintfid := onuDiscInd.GetIntfId()
		onuID, err = dh.resourceMgr[ponintfid].GetONUID(ctx, ponintfid)

		logger.Infow(ctx, "creating-new-onu-got-onu-id", log.Fields{"sn": sn, "onuId": onuID})

		if err != nil {
			// if we can't create an ID in resource manager,
			// cleanup and exit
			dh.discOnus.Delete(sn)
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("resource-manager-get-onu-id-failed", log.Fields{
				"pon-intf-id":   ponintfid,
				"serial-number": sn}, err)
		}

		if onuDevice, err = dh.sendChildDeviceDetectedToCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceDiscovery{
			ParentId:     dh.device.Id,
			ParentPortNo: parentPortNo,
			ChannelId:    channelID,
			VendorId:     string(onuDiscInd.SerialNumber.GetVendorId()),
			SerialNumber: sn,
			OnuId:        onuID,
		}); err != nil {
			dh.discOnus.Delete(sn)
			dh.resourceMgr[ponintfid].FreeonuID(ctx, ponintfid, []uint32{onuID}) // NOTE I'm not sure this method is actually cleaning up the right thing
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("core-proxy-child-device-detected-failed", log.Fields{
				"pon-intf-id":   ponintfid,
				"serial-number": sn}, err)
		}
		if err := dh.eventMgr.OnuDiscoveryIndication(ctx, onuDiscInd, dh.device.Id, onuDevice.Id, onuID, sn, time.Now().Unix()); err != nil {
			logger.Warnw(ctx, "discovery-indication-failed", log.Fields{"err": err})
		}
		logger.Infow(ctx, "onu-child-device-added",
			log.Fields{"onuDevice": onuDevice,
				"sn":        sn,
				"onu-id":    onuID,
				"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	}

	// Setup the gRPC connection to the adapter responsible for that onuDevice, if not setup yet
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	err = dh.setupChildInterAdapterClient(subCtx, onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint)
	cancel()
	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("no-connection-to-child-adapter", log.Fields{"device-id": onuDevice.Id}, err)
	}

	// we can now use the existing ONU Id
	onuID = onuDevice.ProxyAddress.OnuId
	//Insert the ONU into cache to use in OnuIndication.
	//TODO: Do we need to remove this from the cache on ONU change, or wait for overwritten on next discovery.
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-discovery-indication-key-create",
		log.Fields{"onu-id": onuID,
			"intfId": onuDiscInd.GetIntfId(),
			"sn":     sn})
	onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(onuDiscInd.GetIntfId(), onuID)

	onuDev := NewOnuDevice(onuDevice.Id, onuDevice.Type, onuDevice.SerialNumber, onuID, onuDiscInd.GetIntfId(), onuDevice.ProxyAddress.DeviceId, false, onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint)
	dh.onus.Store(onuKey, onuDev)
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "new-onu-device-discovered",
		log.Fields{"onu": onuDev,
			"sn": sn})

	if err := dh.updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceStateFilter{
		DeviceId:       onuDevice.Id,
		ParentDeviceId: dh.device.Id,
		OperStatus:     common.OperStatus_DISCOVERED,
		ConnStatus:     common.ConnectStatus_REACHABLE,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("failed-to-update-device-state", log.Fields{
			"device-id":     onuDevice.Id,
			"serial-number": sn}, err)
	}

	logger.Infow(ctx, "onu-discovered-reachable", log.Fields{"device-id": onuDevice.Id, "sn": sn})
	if err := dh.activateONU(ctx, onuDiscInd.IntfId, int64(onuID), onuDiscInd.SerialNumber, sn); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("onu-activation-failed", log.Fields{
			"device-id":     onuDevice.Id,
			"serial-number": sn}, err)
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) onuIndication(ctx context.Context, onuInd *oop.OnuIndication) error {

	ponPort := plt.IntfIDToPortNo(onuInd.GetIntfId(), voltha.Port_PON_OLT)
	var onuDevice *voltha.Device
	var err error
	foundInCache := false
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-indication-key-create",
		log.Fields{"onuId": onuInd.OnuId,
			"intfId":    onuInd.GetIntfId(),
			"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(onuInd.GetIntfId(), onuInd.OnuId)
	serialNumber := dh.stringifySerialNumber(onuInd.SerialNumber)

	errFields := log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}

	if onuInCache, ok := dh.onus.Load(onuKey); ok {

		//If ONU id is discovered before then use GetDevice to get onuDevice because it is cheaper.
		foundInCache = true
		errFields["onu-id"] = onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).deviceID
		onuDevice, err = dh.getDeviceFromCore(ctx, onuInCache.(*OnuDevice).deviceID)
	} else {
		//If ONU not found in adapter cache then we have to use GetChildDevice to get onuDevice
		if serialNumber != "" {
			errFields["serial-number"] = serialNumber
		} else {
			errFields["onu-id"] = onuInd.OnuId
			errFields["parent-port-no"] = ponPort
		}
		onuDevice, err = dh.getChildDeviceFromCore(ctx, &ic.ChildDeviceFilter{
			ParentId:     dh.device.Id,
			SerialNumber: serialNumber,
			OnuId:        onuInd.OnuId,
			ParentPortNo: ponPort,
		})
	}

	if err != nil || onuDevice == nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrNotFound("onu-device", errFields, err)
	}

	if onuDevice.ParentPortNo != ponPort {
		logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-is-on-a-different-intf-id-now", log.Fields{
			"previousIntfId": onuDevice.ParentPortNo,
			"currentIntfId":  ponPort})
	}

	if onuDevice.ProxyAddress.OnuId != onuInd.OnuId {
		logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-id-mismatch-possible-if-voltha-and-olt-rebooted", log.Fields{
			"expected-onu-id": onuDevice.ProxyAddress.OnuId,
			"received-onu-id": onuInd.OnuId,
			"device-id":       dh.device.Id})
	}
	if !foundInCache {
		onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(onuInd.GetIntfId(), onuInd.GetOnuId())

		dh.onus.Store(onuKey, NewOnuDevice(onuDevice.Id, onuDevice.Type, onuDevice.SerialNumber, onuInd.GetOnuId(), onuInd.GetIntfId(), onuDevice.ProxyAddress.DeviceId, false, onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint))

	}
	if onuInd.OperState == "down" && onuInd.FailReason != oop.OnuIndication_ONU_ACTIVATION_FAIL_REASON_NONE {
		if err := dh.eventMgr.onuActivationIndication(ctx, onuActivationFailEvent, onuInd, dh.device.Id, time.Now().Unix()); err != nil {
			logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-activation-indication-reporting-failed", log.Fields{"err": err})
		}
	}
	if err := dh.updateOnuStates(ctx, onuDevice, onuInd); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("state-update-failed", errFields, err)
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updateOnuStates(ctx context.Context, onuDevice *voltha.Device, onuInd *oop.OnuIndication) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-indication-for-state", log.Fields{"onuIndication": onuInd, "device-id": onuDevice.Id, "operStatus": onuDevice.OperStatus, "adminStatus": onuDevice.AdminState})
	if onuInd.AdminState == "down" || onuInd.OperState == "down" {
		// The ONU has gone admin_state "down" or oper_state "down" - we expect the ONU to send discovery again
		// The ONU admin_state is "up" while "oper_state" is down in cases where ONU activation fails. In this case
		// the ONU sends Discovery again.
		dh.discOnus.Delete(onuDevice.SerialNumber)
		// Tests have shown that we sometimes get OperState as NOT down even if AdminState is down, forcing it
		if onuInd.OperState != "down" {
			logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-admin-state-down", log.Fields{"operState": onuInd.OperState})
			onuInd.OperState = "down"
		}
	}

	switch onuInd.OperState {
	case "up", "down":
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-interadapter-onu-indication", log.Fields{"onuIndication": onuInd, "device-id": onuDevice.Id, "operStatus": onuDevice.OperStatus, "adminStatus": onuDevice.AdminState})

		err := dh.sendOnuIndicationToChildAdapter(ctx, onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint, &ic.OnuIndicationMessage{
			DeviceId:      onuDevice.Id,
			OnuIndication: onuInd,
		})
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("inter-adapter-send-failed", log.Fields{
				"onu-indicator": onuInd,
				"source":        dh.openOLT.config.AdapterEndpoint,
				"device-type":   onuDevice.Type,
				"device-id":     onuDevice.Id}, err)
		}
	default:
		return olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{"oper-state": onuInd.OperState}, nil)
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) stringifySerialNumber(serialNum *oop.SerialNumber) string {
	if serialNum != nil {
		return string(serialNum.VendorId) + dh.stringifyVendorSpecific(serialNum.VendorSpecific)
	}
	return ""
}
func (dh *DeviceHandler) deStringifySerialNumber(serialNum string) (*oop.SerialNumber, error) {
	decodedStr, err := hex.DecodeString(serialNum[4:])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &oop.SerialNumber{
		VendorId:       []byte(serialNum[:4]),
		VendorSpecific: decodedStr,
	}, nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) stringifyVendorSpecific(vendorSpecific []byte) string {
	if len(vendorSpecific) > 3 {
		tmp := fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[0])>>4)&0x0f) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", uint32(vendorSpecific[0]&0x0f)) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[1])>>4)&0x0f) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[1]))&0x0f) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[2])>>4)&0x0f) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[2]))&0x0f) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[3])>>4)&0x0f) +
			fmt.Sprintf("%x", (uint32(vendorSpecific[3]))&0x0f)
		return tmp
	}
	return ""
}

//UpdateFlowsBulk upates the bulk flow
func (dh *DeviceHandler) UpdateFlowsBulk() error {
	return olterrors.ErrNotImplemented
}

//GetChildDevice returns the child device for given parent port and onu id
func (dh *DeviceHandler) GetChildDevice(ctx context.Context, parentPort, onuID uint32) (*voltha.Device, error) {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "getchilddevice",
		log.Fields{"pon-port": parentPort,
			"onu-id":    onuID,
			"device-id": dh.device.Id})

	onuDevice, err := dh.getChildDeviceFromCore(ctx, &ic.ChildDeviceFilter{
		ParentId:     dh.device.Id,
		OnuId:        onuID,
		ParentPortNo: parentPort,
	})

	if err != nil {
		return nil, olterrors.NewErrNotFound("onu-device", log.Fields{
			"intf-id": parentPort,
			"onu-id":  onuID}, err)
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "successfully-received-child-device-from-core", log.Fields{"child-device-id": onuDevice.Id, "child-device-sn": onuDevice.SerialNumber})
	return onuDevice, nil
}

// SendPacketInToCore sends packet-in to core
// For this, it calls SendPacketIn of the core-proxy which uses a device specific topic to send the request.
// The adapter handling the device creates a device specific topic
func (dh *DeviceHandler) SendPacketInToCore(ctx context.Context, logicalPort uint32, packetPayload []byte) error {
	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "send-packet-in-to-core", log.Fields{
			"port":      logicalPort,
			"packet":    hex.EncodeToString(packetPayload),
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
		})
	}

	if err := dh.sendPacketToCore(ctx, &ic.PacketIn{
		DeviceId: dh.device.Id,
		Port:     logicalPort,
		Packet:   packetPayload,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("packet-send-failed", log.Fields{
			"source":       "adapter",
			"destination":  "core",
			"device-id":    dh.device.Id,
			"logical-port": logicalPort,
			"packet":       hex.EncodeToString(packetPayload)}, err)
	}
	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "sent-packet-in-to-core-successfully", log.Fields{
			"packet":    hex.EncodeToString(packetPayload),
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
		})
	}
	return nil
}

// UpdatePmConfig updates the pm metrics.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) UpdatePmConfig(ctx context.Context, pmConfigs *voltha.PmConfigs) {
	logger.Infow(ctx, "update-pm-configs", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id, "pm-configs": pmConfigs})

	if pmConfigs.DefaultFreq != dh.metrics.ToPmConfigs().DefaultFreq {
		dh.metrics.UpdateFrequency(pmConfigs.DefaultFreq)
		logger.Debugf(ctx, "frequency-updated")
	}

	if !pmConfigs.Grouped {
		metrics := dh.metrics.GetSubscriberMetrics()
		for _, m := range pmConfigs.Metrics {
			metrics[m.Name].Enabled = m.Enabled

		}
	}
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) handleFlows(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device, flows *of.FlowChanges, flowMetadata *voltha.FlowMetadata) []error {
	var err error
	var errorsList []error

	if flows != nil {
		for _, flow := range flows.ToRemove.Items {
			ponIf := dh.getPonIfFromFlow(flow)

			logger.Debugw(ctx, "removing-flow",
				log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id,
					"ponIf":        ponIf,
					"flowToRemove": flow})
			if flow_utils.HasGroup(flow) {
				err = dh.RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel(ctx, flow, nil, McastFlowOrGroupRemove)
			} else {
				err = dh.flowMgr[ponIf].RouteFlowToOnuChannel(ctx, flow, false, nil)
			}
			if err != nil {
				errorsList = append(errorsList, err)
			}
		}

		for _, flow := range flows.ToAdd.Items {
			ponIf := dh.getPonIfFromFlow(flow)
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "adding-flow",
				log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id,
					"ponIf":     ponIf,
					"flowToAdd": flow})
			if flow_utils.HasGroup(flow) {
				err = dh.RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel(ctx, flow, nil, McastFlowOrGroupAdd)
			} else {
				if dh.flowMgr == nil || dh.flowMgr[ponIf] == nil {
					// The flow manager module could be uninitialized if the flow arrives too soon before the device has reconciled fully
					logger.Errorw(ctx, "flow-manager-uninitialized", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})
					err = fmt.Errorf("flow-manager-uninitialized-%v", device.Id)
				} else {
					err = dh.flowMgr[ponIf].RouteFlowToOnuChannel(ctx, flow, true, flowMetadata)
				}
			}
			if err != nil {
				errorsList = append(errorsList, err)
			}
		}
	}

	return errorsList
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) handleGroups(ctx context.Context, groups *of.FlowGroupChanges) []error {
	var err error
	var errorsList []error

	// Whether we need to synchronize multicast group adds and modifies like flow add and delete needs to be investigated
	if groups != nil {
		for _, group := range groups.ToAdd.Items {
			// err = dh.groupMgr.AddGroup(ctx, group)
			err = dh.RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel(ctx, nil, group, McastFlowOrGroupAdd)
			if err != nil {
				errorsList = append(errorsList, err)
			}
		}
		for _, group := range groups.ToUpdate.Items {
			// err = dh.groupMgr.ModifyGroup(ctx, group)
			err = dh.RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel(ctx, nil, group, McastFlowOrGroupModify)
			if err != nil {
				errorsList = append(errorsList, err)
			}
		}
		for _, group := range groups.ToRemove.Items {
			// err = dh.groupMgr.DeleteGroup(ctx, group)
			err = dh.RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel(ctx, nil, group, McastFlowOrGroupRemove)
			if err != nil {
				errorsList = append(errorsList, err)
			}
		}
	}

	return errorsList
}

//UpdateFlowsIncrementally updates the device flow
func (dh *DeviceHandler) UpdateFlowsIncrementally(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device, flows *of.FlowChanges, groups *of.FlowGroupChanges, flowMetadata *voltha.FlowMetadata) error {

	var errorsList []error

	if dh.getDeviceDeletionInProgressFlag() {
		// The device itself is going to be reset as part of deletion. So nothing to be done.
		logger.Infow(ctx, "device-deletion-in-progress--not-handling-flows-or-groups", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})
		return nil
	}

	logger.Debugw(ctx, "received-incremental-flowupdate-in-device-handler", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id, "flows": flows, "groups": groups, "flowMetadata": flowMetadata})
	errorsList = append(errorsList, dh.handleFlows(ctx, device, flows, flowMetadata)...)
	errorsList = append(errorsList, dh.handleGroups(ctx, groups)...)
	if len(errorsList) > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("errors-installing-flows-groups, errors:%v", errorsList)
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "updated-flows-incrementally-successfully", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	return nil
}

//DisableDevice disables the given device
//It marks the following for the given device:
//Device-Handler Admin-State : down
//Device Port-State: UNKNOWN
//Device Oper-State: UNKNOWN
func (dh *DeviceHandler) DisableDevice(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device) error {
	/* On device disable ,admin state update has to be done prior sending request to agent since
	   the indication thread may processes invalid  indications of ONU and OLT*/
	if dh.Client != nil {
		if _, err := dh.Client.DisableOlt(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), new(oop.Empty)); err != nil {
			if e, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && e.Code() == codes.Internal {
				return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("olt-disable-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id}, err)
			}
		}
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "olt-disabled", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})
	/* Discovered ONUs entries need to be cleared , since on device disable the child devices goes to
	UNREACHABLE state which needs to be configured again*/

	dh.discOnus = sync.Map{}
	dh.onus = sync.Map{}

	//stopping the stats collector
	dh.stopCollector <- true

	go dh.notifyChildDevices(ctx, "unreachable")
	cloned := proto.Clone(device).(*voltha.Device)
	//Update device Admin state
	dh.device = cloned

	// Update the all pon ports state on that device to disable and NNI remains active as NNI remains active in openolt agent.
	if err := dh.updatePortsStateInCore(ctx, &ic.PortStateFilter{
		DeviceId:       cloned.Id,
		PortTypeFilter: ^uint32(1 << voltha.Port_PON_OLT),
		OperStatus:     voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("ports-state-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id}, err)
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "disable-device-end", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) notifyChildDevices(ctx context.Context, state string) {
	// Update onu state as unreachable in onu adapter
	onuInd := oop.OnuIndication{}
	onuInd.OperState = state

	//get the child device for the parent device
	onuDevices, err := dh.getChildDevicesFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorw(ctx, "failed-to-get-child-devices-information", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id, "err": err})
	}
	if onuDevices != nil {
		for _, onuDevice := range onuDevices.Items {
			err := dh.sendOnuIndicationToChildAdapter(ctx, onuDevice.AdapterEndpoint, &ic.OnuIndicationMessage{
				DeviceId:      onuDevice.Id,
				OnuIndication: &onuInd,
			})
			if err != nil {
				logger.Errorw(ctx, "failed-to-send-inter-adapter-message", log.Fields{"OnuInd": onuInd,
					"From Adapter": dh.openOLT.config.AdapterEndpoint, "DeviceType": onuDevice.Type, "device-id": onuDevice.Id})
			}

		}
	}

}

//ReenableDevice re-enables the olt device after disable
//It marks the following for the given device:
//Device-Handler Admin-State : up
//Device Port-State: ACTIVE
//Device Oper-State: ACTIVE
func (dh *DeviceHandler) ReenableDevice(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device) error {
	if _, err := dh.Client.ReenableOlt(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), new(oop.Empty)); err != nil {
		if e, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && e.Code() == codes.Internal {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("olt-reenable-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
		}
	}
	logger.Debug(ctx, "olt-reenabled")

	// Update the all ports state on that device to enable
	ports, err := dh.listDevicePortsFromCore(ctx, device.Id)
	var retError error
	if err != nil {
		retError = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("list-ports-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id}, err)
	} else {
		if err := dh.disableAdminDownPorts(ctx, ports.Items); err != nil {
			retError = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("port-status-update-failed-after-olt-reenable", log.Fields{"device": device}, err)
		}
	}
	if retError == nil {
		//Update the device oper status as ACTIVE
		device.OperStatus = voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE
	} else {
		//Update the device oper status as FAILED
		device.OperStatus = voltha.OperStatus_FAILED
	}
	dh.device = device

	if err := dh.updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceStateFilter{
		DeviceId:   device.Id,
		OperStatus: device.OperStatus,
		ConnStatus: device.ConnectStatus,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("state-update-failed", log.Fields{
			"device-id":      device.Id,
			"connect-status": device.ConnectStatus,
			"oper-status":    device.OperStatus}, err)
	}

	logger.Debugw(ctx, "reenabledevice-end", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})

	return retError
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) clearUNIData(ctx context.Context, onu *rsrcMgr.OnuGemInfo) error {
	var uniID uint32
	var err error
	for _, port := range onu.UniPorts {
		uniID = plt.UniIDFromPortNum(port)
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "clearing-resource-data-for-uni-port", log.Fields{"port": port, "uni-id": uniID})
		/* Delete tech-profile instance from the KV store */
		if err = dh.flowMgr[onu.IntfID].DeleteTechProfileInstances(ctx, onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, uniID); err != nil {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "failed-to-remove-tech-profile-instance-for-onu", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
		}
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "deleted-tech-profile-instance-for-onu", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
		tpIDList := dh.resourceMgr[onu.IntfID].GetTechProfileIDForOnu(ctx, onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, uniID)
		for _, tpID := range tpIDList {
			if err = dh.resourceMgr[onu.IntfID].RemoveMeterInfoForOnu(ctx, "upstream", onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, uniID, tpID); err != nil {
				logger.Debugw(ctx, "failed-to-remove-meter-id-for-onu-upstream", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
			}
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "removed-meter-id-for-onu-upstream", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
			if err = dh.resourceMgr[onu.IntfID].RemoveMeterInfoForOnu(ctx, "downstream", onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, uniID, tpID); err != nil {
				logger.Debugw(ctx, "failed-to-remove-meter-id-for-onu-downstream", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
			}
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "removed-meter-id-for-onu-downstream", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
		}
		dh.resourceMgr[onu.IntfID].FreePONResourcesForONU(ctx, onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, uniID)
		if err = dh.resourceMgr[onu.IntfID].RemoveTechProfileIDsForOnu(ctx, onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, uniID); err != nil {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "failed-to-remove-tech-profile-id-for-onu", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
		}
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "removed-tech-profile-id-for-onu", log.Fields{"onu-id": onu.OnuID})
		if err = dh.resourceMgr[onu.IntfID].DeletePacketInGemPortForOnu(ctx, onu.IntfID, onu.OnuID, port); err != nil {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "failed-to-remove-gemport-pkt-in", log.Fields{"intfid": onu.IntfID, "onuid": onu.OnuID, "uniId": uniID})
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// DeleteDevice deletes the device instance from openolt handler array.  Also clears allocated resource manager resources.  Also reboots the OLT hardware!
func (dh *DeviceHandler) DeleteDevice(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "function-entry-delete-device", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	/* Clear the KV store data associated with the all the UNI ports
	   This clears up flow data and also resource map data for various
	   other pon resources like alloc_id and gemport_id
	*/

	dh.setDeviceDeletionInProgressFlag(true)

	dh.cleanupDeviceResources(ctx)
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "removed-device-from-Resource-manager-KV-store", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	// Stop the Stats collector
	dh.stopCollector <- true
	// stop the heartbeat check routine
	dh.stopHeartbeatCheck <- true
	dh.lockDevice.RLock()
	// Stop the read indication only if it the routine is active
	if dh.isReadIndicationRoutineActive {
		dh.stopIndications <- true
	}
	dh.lockDevice.RUnlock()
	dh.removeOnuIndicationChannels(ctx)
	go dh.StopAllMcastHandlerRoutines(ctx)
	for _, flMgr := range dh.flowMgr {
		go flMgr.StopAllFlowHandlerRoutines(ctx)
	}
	//Reset the state
	if dh.Client != nil {
		if _, err := dh.Client.Reboot(ctx, new(oop.Empty)); err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("olt-reboot-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
		}
	}
	// There is no need to update the core about operation status and connection status of the OLT.
	// The OLT is getting deleted anyway and the core might have already cleared the OLT device from its DB.
	// So any attempt to update the operation status and connection status of the OLT will result in core throwing an error back,
	// because the device does not exist in DB.

	// Stop the adapter grpc clients for that parent device
	dh.deleteAdapterClients(ctx)
	return nil
}
func (dh *DeviceHandler) cleanupDeviceResources(ctx context.Context) {

	if dh.resourceMgr != nil {
		var ponPort uint32
		for ponPort = 0; ponPort < dh.totalPonPorts; ponPort++ {
			var err error
			onuGemData := dh.flowMgr[ponPort].getOnuGemInfoList(ctx)
			for i, onu := range onuGemData {
				logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-data", log.Fields{"onu": onu})
				if err = dh.clearUNIData(ctx, &onuGemData[i]); err != nil {
					logger.Errorw(ctx, "failed-to-clear-data-for-onu", log.Fields{"onu-device": onu})
				}
			}
			_ = dh.resourceMgr[ponPort].DeleteAllFlowIDsForGemForIntf(ctx, ponPort)
			_ = dh.resourceMgr[ponPort].DeleteAllOnuGemInfoForIntf(ctx, ponPort)
			if err := dh.resourceMgr[ponPort].Delete(ctx, ponPort); err != nil {
				logger.Debug(ctx, err)
			}
		}
	}

	/*Delete ONU map for the device*/
	dh.onus.Range(func(key interface{}, value interface{}) bool {
		dh.onus.Delete(key)
		return true
	})

	/*Delete discovered ONU map for the device*/
	dh.discOnus.Range(func(key interface{}, value interface{}) bool {
		dh.discOnus.Delete(key)
		return true
	})
}

//RebootDevice reboots the given device
func (dh *DeviceHandler) RebootDevice(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device) error {
	if _, err := dh.Client.Reboot(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), new(oop.Empty)); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("olt-reboot-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err)
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "rebooted-device-successfully", log.Fields{"device-id": device.Id})
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) handlePacketIndication(ctx context.Context, packetIn *oop.PacketIndication) error {
	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "received-packet-in", log.Fields{
			"packet-indication": *packetIn,
			"device-id":         dh.device.Id,
			"packet":            hex.EncodeToString(packetIn.Pkt),
		})
	}
	logicalPortNum, err := dh.flowMgr[packetIn.IntfId].GetLogicalPortFromPacketIn(ctx, packetIn)
	if err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrNotFound("logical-port", log.Fields{"packet": hex.EncodeToString(packetIn.Pkt)}, err)
	}
	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-packet-in-to-core", log.Fields{
			"logical-port-num": logicalPortNum,
			"device-id":        dh.device.Id,
			"packet":           hex.EncodeToString(packetIn.Pkt),
		})
	}

	if err := dh.sendPacketToCore(ctx, &ic.PacketIn{
		DeviceId: dh.device.Id,
		Port:     logicalPortNum,
		Packet:   packetIn.Pkt,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("send-packet-in", log.Fields{
			"destination": "core",
			"source":      dh.device.Type,
			"device-id":   dh.device.Id,
			"packet":      hex.EncodeToString(packetIn.Pkt),
		}, err)
	}

	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "success-sending-packet-in-to-core!", log.Fields{
			"packet":    hex.EncodeToString(packetIn.Pkt),
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
		})
	}
	return nil
}

// PacketOut sends packet-out from VOLTHA to OLT on the egress port provided
func (dh *DeviceHandler) PacketOut(ctx context.Context, egressPortNo uint32, packet *of.OfpPacketOut) error {
	if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "incoming-packet-out", log.Fields{
			"device-id":      dh.device.Id,
			"egress-port-no": egressPortNo,
			"pkt-length":     len(packet.Data),
			"packet":         hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
		})
	}

	egressPortType := plt.IntfIDToPortTypeName(uint32(egressPortNo))
	if egressPortType == voltha.Port_ETHERNET_UNI {
		outerEthType := (uint16(packet.Data[12]) << 8) | uint16(packet.Data[13])
		innerEthType := (uint16(packet.Data[16]) << 8) | uint16(packet.Data[17])
		if outerEthType == 0x8942 || outerEthType == 0x88cc {
			// Do not packet-out lldp packets on uni port.
			// ONOS has no clue about uni/nni ports, it just packets out on all
			// available ports on the Logical Switch. It should not be interested
			// in the UNI links.
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "dropping-lldp-packet-out-on-uni", log.Fields{
				"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			})
			return nil
		}
		if outerEthType == 0x88a8 || outerEthType == 0x8100 {
			if innerEthType == 0x8100 {
				// q-in-q 802.1ad or 802.1q double tagged packet.
				// slice out the outer tag.
				packet.Data = append(packet.Data[:12], packet.Data[16:]...)
				if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
					logger.Debugw(ctx, "packet-now-single-tagged", log.Fields{
						"packet-data": hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
						"device-id":   dh.device.Id,
					})
				}
			}
		}
		intfID := plt.IntfIDFromUniPortNum(uint32(egressPortNo))
		onuID := plt.OnuIDFromPortNum(uint32(egressPortNo))
		uniID := plt.UniIDFromPortNum(uint32(egressPortNo))

		gemPortID, err := dh.flowMgr[intfID].GetPacketOutGemPortID(ctx, intfID, onuID, uint32(egressPortNo), packet.Data)
		if err != nil {
			// In this case the openolt agent will receive the gemPortID as 0.
			// The agent tries to retrieve the gemPortID in this case.
			// This may not always succeed at the agent and packetOut may fail.
			logger.Errorw(ctx, "failed-to-retrieve-gemport-id-for-packet-out", log.Fields{
				"intf-id":   intfID,
				"onu-id":    onuID,
				"uni-id":    uniID,
				"packet":    hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
				"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			})
		}

		onuPkt := oop.OnuPacket{IntfId: intfID, OnuId: onuID, PortNo: uint32(egressPortNo), GemportId: gemPortID, Pkt: packet.Data}
		if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-packet-to-onu", log.Fields{
				"egress-port-no": egressPortNo,
				"intf-id":        intfID,
				"onu-id":         onuID,
				"uni-id":         uniID,
				"gem-port-id":    gemPortID,
				"packet":         hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
				"device-id":      dh.device.Id,
			})
		}

		if _, err := dh.Client.OnuPacketOut(ctx, &onuPkt); err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("packet-out-send", log.Fields{
				"source":             "adapter",
				"destination":        "onu",
				"egress-port-number": egressPortNo,
				"intf-id":            intfID,
				"oni-id":             onuID,
				"uni-id":             uniID,
				"gem-port-id":        gemPortID,
				"packet":             hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
				"device-id":          dh.device.Id,
			}, err)
		}
	} else if egressPortType == voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI {
		nniIntfID, err := plt.IntfIDFromNniPortNum(ctx, uint32(egressPortNo))
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrInvalidValue(log.Fields{
				"egress-nni-port": egressPortNo,
				"device-id":       dh.device.Id,
			}, err)
		}
		uplinkPkt := oop.UplinkPacket{IntfId: nniIntfID, Pkt: packet.Data}

		if logger.V(log.DebugLevel) {
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-packet-to-nni", log.Fields{
				"uplink-pkt": uplinkPkt,
				"packet":     hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
				"device-id":  dh.device.Id,
			})
		}

		if _, err := dh.Client.UplinkPacketOut(ctx, &uplinkPkt); err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrCommunication("packet-out-to-nni", log.Fields{
				"packet":    hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
				"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			}, err)
		}
	} else {
		logger.Warnw(ctx, "packet-out-to-this-interface-type-not-implemented", log.Fields{
			"egress-port-no": egressPortNo,
			"egressPortType": egressPortType,
			"packet":         hex.EncodeToString(packet.Data),
			"device-id":      dh.device.Id,
		})
	}
	return nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) formOnuKey(intfID, onuID uint32) string {
	return "" + strconv.Itoa(int(intfID)) + "." + strconv.Itoa(int(onuID))
}

func startHeartbeatCheck(ctx context.Context, dh *DeviceHandler) {

	// start the heartbeat check towards the OLT.
	var timerCheck *time.Timer

	for {
		heartbeatTimer := time.NewTimer(dh.openOLT.HeartbeatCheckInterval)
		select {
		case <-heartbeatTimer.C:
			ctxWithTimeout, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.openOLT.GrpcTimeoutInterval)
			if heartBeat, err := dh.Client.HeartbeatCheck(ctxWithTimeout, new(oop.Empty)); err != nil {
				logger.Warnw(ctx, "heartbeat-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
				if timerCheck == nil {
					// start a after func, when expired will update the state to the core
					timerCheck = time.AfterFunc(dh.openOLT.HeartbeatFailReportInterval, func() { dh.updateStateUnreachable(ctx) })
				}
			} else {
				if timerCheck != nil {
					if timerCheck.Stop() {
						logger.Debugw(ctx, "got-heartbeat-within-timeout", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
					}
					timerCheck = nil
				}
				logger.Debugw(ctx, "heartbeat",
					log.Fields{"signature": heartBeat,
						"device-id": dh.device.Id})
			}
			cancel()
		case <-dh.stopHeartbeatCheck:
			logger.Debugw(ctx, "stopping-heartbeat-check", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
			return
		}
	}
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updateStateUnreachable(ctx context.Context) {
	device, err := dh.getDeviceFromCore(ctx, dh.device.Id)
	if err != nil || device == nil {
		// One case where we have seen core returning an error for GetDevice call is after OLT device delete.
		// After OLT delete, the adapter asks for OLT to reboot. When OLT is rebooted, shortly we loose heartbeat.
		// The 'startHeartbeatCheck' then asks the device to be marked unreachable towards the core, but the core
		// has already deleted the device and returns error. In this particular scenario, it is Ok because any necessary
		// cleanup in the adapter was already done during DeleteDevice API handler routine.
		_ = olterrors.NewErrNotFound("device", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
		// Immediately return, otherwise accessing a null 'device' struct would cause panic
		return
	}

	logger.Debugw(ctx, "update-state-unreachable", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id, "connect-status": device.ConnectStatus,
		"admin-state": device.AdminState, "oper-status": device.OperStatus})
	if device.ConnectStatus == voltha.ConnectStatus_REACHABLE {
		if err = dh.updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx, &ic.DeviceStateFilter{
			DeviceId:   dh.device.Id,
			OperStatus: voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN,
			ConnStatus: voltha.ConnectStatus_UNREACHABLE,
		}); err != nil {
			_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("device-state-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).LogAt(log.ErrorLevel)
		}

		if err = dh.updatePortsStateInCore(ctx, &ic.PortStateFilter{
			DeviceId:       dh.device.Id,
			PortTypeFilter: 0,
			OperStatus:     voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN,
		}); err != nil {
			_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("port-update-failed", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
		}

		//raise olt communication failure event
		raisedTs := time.Now().Unix()
		cloned := proto.Clone(device).(*voltha.Device)
		cloned.ConnectStatus = voltha.ConnectStatus_UNREACHABLE
		cloned.OperStatus = voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN
		dh.device = cloned // update local copy of the device
		go dh.eventMgr.oltCommunicationEvent(ctx, cloned, raisedTs)

		dh.cleanupDeviceResources(ctx)
		// Stop the Stats collector
		dh.stopCollector <- true
		// stop the heartbeat check routine
		dh.stopHeartbeatCheck <- true

		dh.lockDevice.RLock()
		// Stop the read indication only if it the routine is active
		// The read indication would have already stopped due to failure on the gRPC stream following OLT going unreachable
		// Sending message on the 'stopIndication' channel again will cause the readIndication routine to immediately stop
		// on next execution of the readIndication routine.
		if dh.isReadIndicationRoutineActive {
			dh.stopIndications <- true
		}
		dh.lockDevice.RUnlock()

		go dh.StopAllMcastHandlerRoutines(ctx)
		for _, flMgr := range dh.flowMgr {
			go flMgr.StopAllFlowHandlerRoutines(ctx)
		}

		//reset adapter reconcile flag
		dh.adapterPreviouslyConnected = false

		dh.transitionMap.Handle(ctx, DeviceInit)

	}
}

// EnablePort to enable Pon interface
func (dh *DeviceHandler) EnablePort(ctx context.Context, port *voltha.Port) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "enable-port", log.Fields{"Device": dh.device, "port": port})
	return dh.modifyPhyPort(ctx, port, true)
}

// DisablePort to disable pon interface
func (dh *DeviceHandler) DisablePort(ctx context.Context, port *voltha.Port) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "disable-port", log.Fields{"Device": dh.device, "port": port})
	return dh.modifyPhyPort(ctx, port, false)
}

//modifyPhyPort is common function to enable and disable the port. parm :enablePort, true to enablePort and false to disablePort.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) modifyPhyPort(ctx context.Context, port *voltha.Port, enablePort bool) error {
	logger.Infow(ctx, "modifyPhyPort", log.Fields{"port": port, "Enable": enablePort, "device-id": dh.device.Id})
	if port.GetType() == voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI {
		// Bug is opened for VOL-2505 to support NNI disable feature.
		logger.Infow(ctx, "voltha-supports-single-nni-hence-disable-of-nni-not-allowed",
			log.Fields{"device": dh.device, "port": port})
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("illegal-port-request", log.Fields{
			"port-type":    port.GetType,
			"enable-state": enablePort}, nil)
	}
	// fetch interfaceid from PortNo
	ponID := plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.GetPortNo(), voltha.Port_PON_OLT)
	ponIntf := &oop.Interface{IntfId: ponID}
	var operStatus voltha.OperStatus_Types
	if enablePort {
		operStatus = voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE
		out, err := dh.Client.EnablePonIf(ctx, ponIntf)

		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("pon-port-enable-failed", log.Fields{
				"device-id": dh.device.Id,
				"port":      port}, err)
		}
		// updating interface local cache for collecting stats
		dh.activePorts.Store(ponID, true)
		logger.Infow(ctx, "enabled-pon-port", log.Fields{"out": out, "device-id": dh.device, "Port": port})
	} else {
		operStatus = voltha.OperStatus_UNKNOWN
		out, err := dh.Client.DisablePonIf(ctx, ponIntf)
		if err != nil {
			return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("pon-port-disable-failed", log.Fields{
				"device-id": dh.device.Id,
				"port":      port}, err)
		}
		// updating interface local cache for collecting stats
		dh.activePorts.Store(ponID, false)
		logger.Infow(ctx, "disabled-pon-port", log.Fields{"out": out, "device-id": dh.device, "Port": port})
	}
	if err := dh.updatePortStateInCore(ctx, &ic.PortState{
		DeviceId:   dh.device.Id,
		PortType:   voltha.Port_PON_OLT,
		PortNo:     port.PortNo,
		OperStatus: operStatus,
	}); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("port-state-update-failed", log.Fields{
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			"port":      port.PortNo}, err)
	}
	return nil
}

//disableAdminDownPorts disables the ports, if the corresponding port Adminstate is disabled on reboot and Renable device.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) disableAdminDownPorts(ctx context.Context, ports []*voltha.Port) error {
	// Disable the port and update the oper_port_status to core
	// if the Admin state of the port is disabled on reboot and re-enable device.
	for _, port := range ports {
		if port.AdminState == common.AdminState_DISABLED {
			if err := dh.DisablePort(ctx, port); err != nil {
				return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("port-disable-failed", log.Fields{
					"device-id": dh.device.Id,
					"port":      port}, err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

//populateActivePorts to populate activePorts map
func (dh *DeviceHandler) populateActivePorts(ctx context.Context, ports []*voltha.Port) {
	logger.Infow(ctx, "populateActivePorts", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	for _, port := range ports {
		if port.Type == voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI {
			if port.OperStatus == voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE {
				dh.activePorts.Store(plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.PortNo, voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI), true)
			} else {
				dh.activePorts.Store(plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.PortNo, voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI), false)
			}
		}
		if port.Type == voltha.Port_PON_OLT {
			if port.OperStatus == voltha.OperStatus_ACTIVE {
				dh.activePorts.Store(plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.PortNo, voltha.Port_PON_OLT), true)
			} else {
				dh.activePorts.Store(plt.PortNoToIntfID(port.PortNo, voltha.Port_PON_OLT), false)
			}
		}
	}
}

// ChildDeviceLost deletes ONU and clears pon resources related to it.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) ChildDeviceLost(ctx context.Context, pPortNo uint32, onuID uint32, onuSn string) error {
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "child-device-lost", log.Fields{"parent-device-id": dh.device.Id})
	intfID := plt.PortNoToIntfID(pPortNo, voltha.Port_PON_OLT)
	onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(intfID, onuID)

	var sn *oop.SerialNumber
	var err error
	if sn, err = dh.deStringifySerialNumber(onuSn); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("failed-to-destringify-serial-number",
			log.Fields{
				"devicer-id":    dh.device.Id,
				"serial-number": onuSn}, err).Log()
	}

	onu := &oop.Onu{IntfId: intfID, OnuId: onuID, SerialNumber: sn}
	//clear PON resources associated with ONU
	onuGem, err := dh.resourceMgr[intfID].GetOnuGemInfo(ctx, intfID, onuID)
	if err != nil || onuGem == nil || onuGem.OnuID != onuID {
		logger.Warnw(ctx, "failed-to-get-onu-info-for-pon-port", log.Fields{
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			"intf-id":   intfID,
			"onuID":     onuID,
			"err":       err})
	} else {
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "onu-data", log.Fields{"onu": onu})
		if err := dh.clearUNIData(ctx, onuGem); err != nil {
			logger.Warnw(ctx, "failed-to-clear-uni-data-for-onu", log.Fields{
				"device-id":  dh.device.Id,
				"onu-device": onu,
				"err":        err})
		}
		// Clear flowids for gem cache.
		for _, gem := range onuGem.GemPorts {
			dh.resourceMgr[intfID].DeleteFlowIDsForGem(ctx, intfID, gem)
		}
		if err := dh.flowMgr[intfID].RemoveOnuInfoFromFlowMgrCacheAndKvStore(ctx, intfID, onuID); err != nil {
			logger.Warnw(ctx, "persistence-update-onu-gem-info-failed", log.Fields{
				"intf-id":    intfID,
				"onu-device": onu,
				"onu-gem":    onuGem,
				"err":        err})
			//Not returning error on cleanup.
		}
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "removed-onu-gem-info", log.Fields{"intf": intfID, "onu-device": onu, "onugem": onuGem})

	}
	dh.resourceMgr[intfID].FreeonuID(ctx, intfID, []uint32{onuID})
	dh.onus.Delete(onuKey)
	dh.discOnus.Delete(onuSn)

	// Now clear the ONU on the OLT
	if _, err := dh.Client.DeleteOnu(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), onu); err != nil {
		return olterrors.NewErrAdapter("failed-to-delete-onu", log.Fields{
			"device-id": dh.device.Id,
			"onu-id":    onuID}, err).Log()
	}

	return nil
}

func getInPortFromFlow(flow *of.OfpFlowStats) uint32 {
	for _, field := range flow_utils.GetOfbFields(flow) {
		if field.Type == flow_utils.IN_PORT {
			return field.GetPort()
		}
	}
	return InvalidPort
}

func getOutPortFromFlow(flow *of.OfpFlowStats) uint32 {
	for _, action := range flow_utils.GetActions(flow) {
		if action.Type == flow_utils.OUTPUT {
			if out := action.GetOutput(); out != nil {
				return out.GetPort()
			}
		}
	}
	return InvalidPort
}

func getPorts(flow *of.OfpFlowStats) (uint32, uint32) {
	inPort := getInPortFromFlow(flow)
	outPort := getOutPortFromFlow(flow)

	if inPort == InvalidPort || outPort == InvalidPort {
		return inPort, outPort
	}

	if isControllerFlow := plt.IsControllerBoundFlow(outPort); isControllerFlow {
		/* Get UNI port/ IN Port from tunnel ID field for upstream controller bound flows  */
		if portType := plt.IntfIDToPortTypeName(inPort); portType == voltha.Port_PON_OLT {
			if uniPort := flow_utils.GetChildPortFromTunnelId(flow); uniPort != 0 {
				return uniPort, outPort
			}
		}
	} else {
		// Downstream flow from NNI to PON port , Use tunnel ID as new OUT port / UNI port
		if portType := plt.IntfIDToPortTypeName(outPort); portType == voltha.Port_PON_OLT {
			if uniPort := flow_utils.GetChildPortFromTunnelId(flow); uniPort != 0 {
				return inPort, uniPort
			}
			// Upstream flow from PON to NNI port , Use tunnel ID as new IN port / UNI port
		} else if portType := plt.IntfIDToPortTypeName(inPort); portType == voltha.Port_PON_OLT {
			if uniPort := flow_utils.GetChildPortFromTunnelId(flow); uniPort != 0 {
				return uniPort, outPort
			}
		}
	}

	return InvalidPort, InvalidPort
}

func extractOmciTransactionID(omciPkt []byte) uint16 {
	if len(omciPkt) > 3 {
		d := omciPkt[0:2]
		transid := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(d)
		return transid
	}
	return 0
}

// StoreOnuDevice stores the onu parameters to the local cache.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) StoreOnuDevice(onuDevice *OnuDevice) {
	onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(onuDevice.intfID, onuDevice.onuID)
	dh.onus.Store(onuKey, onuDevice)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getExtValue(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device, value voltha.ValueType_Type) (*voltha.ReturnValues, error) {
	var err error
	var sn *oop.SerialNumber
	var ID uint32
	resp := new(voltha.ReturnValues)
	valueparam := new(oop.ValueParam)
	ctx = log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx)
	logger.Infow(ctx, "getExtValue", log.Fields{"onu-id": device.Id, "pon-intf": device.ParentPortNo})
	if sn, err = dh.deStringifySerialNumber(device.SerialNumber); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	ID = device.ProxyAddress.GetOnuId()
	Onu := oop.Onu{IntfId: device.ParentPortNo, OnuId: ID, SerialNumber: sn}
	valueparam.Onu = &Onu
	valueparam.Value = value

	// This API is unsupported until agent patch is added
	resp.Unsupported = uint32(value)
	_ = ctx

	// Uncomment this code once agent changes are complete and tests
	/*
		resp, err = dh.Client.GetValue(ctx, valueparam)
		if err != nil {
			logger.Errorw("error-while-getValue", log.Fields{"DeviceID": dh.device, "onu-id": onuid, "err": err})
			return nil, err
		}
	*/

	logger.Infow(ctx, "get-ext-value", log.Fields{"resp": resp, "device-id": dh.device, "onu-id": device.Id, "pon-intf": device.ParentPortNo})
	return resp, nil
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getPonIfFromFlow(flow *of.OfpFlowStats) uint32 {
	// Default to PON0
	var intfID uint32
	inPort, outPort := getPorts(flow)
	if inPort != InvalidPort && outPort != InvalidPort {
		_, intfID, _, _ = plt.ExtractAccessFromFlow(inPort, outPort)
	}
	return intfID
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getOnuIndicationChannel(ctx context.Context, intfID uint32) chan onuIndicationMsg {
	dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannelLock.Lock()
	if ch, ok := dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannel[intfID]; ok {
		dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannelLock.Unlock()
		return ch.indicationChannel
	}
	channels := onuIndicationChannels{
		//We create a buffered channel here to avoid calling function to be  blocked
		//in case of multiple indications from the ONUs,
		//especially in the case where indications are buffered in  OLT.
		indicationChannel: make(chan onuIndicationMsg, 500),
		stopChannel:       make(chan struct{}),
	}
	dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannel[intfID] = channels
	dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannelLock.Unlock()
	go dh.onuIndicationsRoutine(&channels)
	return channels.indicationChannel

}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) removeOnuIndicationChannels(ctx context.Context) {
	logger.Debug(ctx, "remove-onu-indication-channels", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
	dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannelLock.Lock()
	defer dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannelLock.Unlock()
	for _, v := range dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannel {
		close(v.stopChannel)
	}
	dh.perPonOnuIndicationChannel = make(map[uint32]onuIndicationChannels)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) putOnuIndicationToChannel(ctx context.Context, indication *oop.Indication, intfID uint32) {
	ind := onuIndicationMsg{
		ctx:        ctx,
		indication: indication,
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "put-onu-indication-to-channel", log.Fields{"indication": indication, "intfID": intfID})
	// Send the onuIndication on the ONU channel
	dh.getOnuIndicationChannel(ctx, intfID) <- ind
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) onuIndicationsRoutine(onuChannels *onuIndicationChannels) {
	for {
		select {
		// process one indication per onu, before proceeding to the next one
		case onuInd := <-onuChannels.indicationChannel:
			logger.Debugw(onuInd.ctx, "calling-indication", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id,
				"ind": onuInd.indication})
			switch onuInd.indication.Data.(type) {
			case *oop.Indication_OnuInd:
				if err := dh.onuIndication(onuInd.ctx, onuInd.indication.GetOnuInd()); err != nil {
					_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{
						"type":      "onu-indication",
						"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
				}
			case *oop.Indication_OnuDiscInd:
				if err := dh.onuDiscIndication(onuInd.ctx, onuInd.indication.GetOnuDiscInd()); err != nil {
					_ = olterrors.NewErrAdapter("handle-indication-error", log.Fields{
						"type":      "onu-discovery",
						"device-id": dh.device.Id}, err).Log()
				}
			}
		case <-onuChannels.stopChannel:
			logger.Debugw(context.Background(), "stop-signal-received-for-onu-channel", log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id})
			close(onuChannels.indicationChannel)
			return
		}
	}
}

// RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel routes incoming mcast flow or group to a channel to be handled by the a specific
// instance of mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine meant to handle messages for that group.
func (dh *DeviceHandler) RouteMcastFlowOrGroupMsgToChannel(ctx context.Context, flow *voltha.OfpFlowStats, group *voltha.OfpGroupEntry, action string) error {
	// Step1 : Fill McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock
	// Step2 : Push the McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock to appropriate channel
	// Step3 : Wait on response channel for response
	// Step4 : Return error value
	startTime := time.Now()
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "process-flow-or-group", log.Fields{"flow": flow, "group": group, "action": action})
	errChan := make(chan error)
	var groupID uint32
	mcastFlowOrGroupCb := McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock{
		ctx:               ctx,
		flowOrGroupAction: action,
		flow:              flow,
		group:             group,
		errChan:           &errChan,
	}
	if flow != nil {
		groupID = flow_utils.GetGroup(flow)
	} else if group != nil {
		groupID = group.Desc.GroupId
	} else {
		return errors.New("flow-and-group-both-nil")
	}
	mcastRoutineIdx := groupID % MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels
	if dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive[mcastRoutineIdx] {
		// Derive the appropriate go routine to handle the request by a simple module operation.
		// There are only MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels number of channels to handle the mcast flow or group
		dh.incomingMcastFlowOrGroup[groupID%MaxNumOfGroupHandlerChannels] <- mcastFlowOrGroupCb
		// Wait for handler to return error value
		err := <-errChan
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "process-flow-or-group--received-resp", log.Fields{"err": err, "totalTimeInSeconds": time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds()})
		return err
	}
	logger.Errorw(ctx, "mcast handler routine not active for onu", log.Fields{"mcastRoutineIdx": mcastRoutineIdx})
	return fmt.Errorf("mcast-handler-routine-not-active-for-index-%v", mcastRoutineIdx)
}

// mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine routine to handle incoming mcast flow/group message
func (dh *DeviceHandler) mcastFlowOrGroupChannelHandlerRoutine(routineIndex int, mcastFlowOrGroupChannel chan McastFlowOrGroupControlBlock, stopHandler chan bool) {
	for {
		select {
		// block on the channel to receive an incoming mcast flow/group
		// process the flow completely before proceeding to handle the next flow
		case mcastFlowOrGroupCb := <-mcastFlowOrGroupChannel:
			if mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flow != nil {
				if mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flowOrGroupAction == McastFlowOrGroupAdd {
					logger.Debugw(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, "adding-mcast-flow",
						log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id,
							"flowToAdd": mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flow})
					// The mcast flow is not unique to any particular PON port, so it is OK to default to PON0
					err := dh.flowMgr[0].AddFlow(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flow, nil)
					// Pass the return value over the return channel
					*mcastFlowOrGroupCb.errChan <- err
				} else { // flow remove
					logger.Debugw(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, "removing-mcast-flow",
						log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id,
							"flowToRemove": mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flow})
					// The mcast flow is not unique to any particular PON port, so it is OK to default to PON0
					err := dh.flowMgr[0].RemoveFlow(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flow)
					// Pass the return value over the return channel
					*mcastFlowOrGroupCb.errChan <- err
				}
			} else { // mcast group
				if mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flowOrGroupAction == McastFlowOrGroupAdd {
					logger.Debugw(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, "adding-mcast-group",
						log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id,
							"groupToAdd": mcastFlowOrGroupCb.group})
					err := dh.groupMgr.AddGroup(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, mcastFlowOrGroupCb.group)
					// Pass the return value over the return channel
					*mcastFlowOrGroupCb.errChan <- err
				} else if mcastFlowOrGroupCb.flowOrGroupAction == McastFlowOrGroupModify { // group modify
					logger.Debugw(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, "modifying-mcast-group",
						log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id,
							"groupToModify": mcastFlowOrGroupCb.group})
					err := dh.groupMgr.ModifyGroup(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, mcastFlowOrGroupCb.group)
					// Pass the return value over the return channel
					*mcastFlowOrGroupCb.errChan <- err
				} else { // group remove
					logger.Debugw(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, "removing-mcast-group",
						log.Fields{"device-id": dh.device.Id,
							"groupToRemove": mcastFlowOrGroupCb.group})
					err := dh.groupMgr.DeleteGroup(mcastFlowOrGroupCb.ctx, mcastFlowOrGroupCb.group)
					// Pass the return value over the return channel
					*mcastFlowOrGroupCb.errChan <- err
				}
			}
		case <-stopHandler:
			dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive[routineIndex] = false
			return
		}
	}
}

// StopAllMcastHandlerRoutines stops all flow handler routines. Call this when device is being rebooted or deleted
func (dh *DeviceHandler) StopAllMcastHandlerRoutines(ctx context.Context) {
	for i, v := range dh.stopMcastHandlerRoutine {
		if dh.mcastHandlerRoutineActive[i] {
			v <- true
		}
	}
	logger.Debug(ctx, "stopped all mcast handler routines")
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getOltPortCounters(ctx context.Context, oltPortInfo *extension.GetOltPortCounters) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {

	singleValResp := extension.SingleGetValueResponse{
		Response: &extension.GetValueResponse{
			Response: &extension.GetValueResponse_PortCoutners{
				PortCoutners: &extension.GetOltPortCountersResponse{},
			},
		},
	}

	errResp := func(status extension.GetValueResponse_Status,
		reason extension.GetValueResponse_ErrorReason) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {
		return &extension.SingleGetValueResponse{
			Response: &extension.GetValueResponse{
				Status:    status,
				ErrReason: reason,
			},
		}
	}

	if oltPortInfo.PortType != extension.GetOltPortCounters_Port_ETHERNET_NNI &&
		oltPortInfo.PortType != extension.GetOltPortCounters_Port_PON_OLT {
		//send error response
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "getOltPortCounters invalid portType", log.Fields{"oltPortInfo": oltPortInfo.PortType})
		return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INVALID_PORT_TYPE)
	}
	statIndChn := make(chan bool, 1)
	dh.portStats.RegisterForStatIndication(ctx, portStatsType, statIndChn, oltPortInfo.PortNo, oltPortInfo.PortType)
	defer dh.portStats.DeRegisterFromStatIndication(ctx, portStatsType, statIndChn)
	//request openOlt agent to send the the port statistics indication

	go func() {
		_, err := dh.Client.CollectStatistics(ctx, new(oop.Empty))
		if err != nil {
			logger.Errorw(ctx, "getOltPortCounters CollectStatistics failed ", log.Fields{"err": err})
		}
	}()
	select {
	case <-statIndChn:
		//indication received for ports stats
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "getOltPortCounters recvd statIndChn", log.Fields{"oltPortInfo": oltPortInfo})
	case <-time.After(oltPortInfoTimeout * time.Second):
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "getOltPortCounters timeout happened", log.Fields{"oltPortInfo": oltPortInfo})
		return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_TIMEOUT)
	case <-ctx.Done():
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "getOltPortCounters ctx Done ", log.Fields{"oltPortInfo": oltPortInfo})
		return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_TIMEOUT)
	}
	if oltPortInfo.PortType == extension.GetOltPortCounters_Port_ETHERNET_NNI {
		//get nni stats
		intfID := plt.PortNoToIntfID(oltPortInfo.PortNo, voltha.Port_ETHERNET_NNI)
		logger.Debugw(ctx, "getOltPortCounters intfID  ", log.Fields{"intfID": intfID})
		cmnni := dh.portStats.collectNNIMetrics(intfID)
		if cmnni == nil {
			//TODO define the error reason
			return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INTERNAL_ERROR)
		}
		dh.portStats.updateGetOltPortCountersResponse(ctx, &singleValResp, cmnni)
		return &singleValResp

	} else if oltPortInfo.PortType == extension.GetOltPortCounters_Port_PON_OLT {
		// get pon stats
		intfID := plt.PortNoToIntfID(oltPortInfo.PortNo, voltha.Port_PON_OLT)
		if val, ok := dh.activePorts.Load(intfID); ok && val == true {
			cmpon := dh.portStats.collectPONMetrics(intfID)
			if cmpon == nil {
				//TODO define the error reason
				return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INTERNAL_ERROR)
			}
			dh.portStats.updateGetOltPortCountersResponse(ctx, &singleValResp, cmpon)
			return &singleValResp
		}
	}
	return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INTERNAL_ERROR)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getOnuPonCounters(ctx context.Context, onuPonInfo *extension.GetOnuCountersRequest) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {

	singleValResp := extension.SingleGetValueResponse{
		Response: &extension.GetValueResponse{
			Response: &extension.GetValueResponse_OnuPonCounters{
				OnuPonCounters: &extension.GetOnuCountersResponse{},
			},
		},
	}

	errResp := func(status extension.GetValueResponse_Status,
		reason extension.GetValueResponse_ErrorReason) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {
		return &extension.SingleGetValueResponse{
			Response: &extension.GetValueResponse{
				Status:    status,
				ErrReason: reason,
			},
		}
	}
	intfID := onuPonInfo.IntfId
	onuID := onuPonInfo.OnuId
	onuKey := dh.formOnuKey(intfID, onuID)

	if _, ok := dh.onus.Load(onuKey); !ok {
		logger.Errorw(ctx, "get-onui-pon-counters-request-invalid-request-received", log.Fields{"intfID": intfID, "onuID": onuID})
		return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INVALID_DEVICE)
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "get-onui-pon-counters-request-received", log.Fields{"intfID": intfID, "onuID": onuID})
	cmnni := dh.portStats.collectOnDemandOnuStats(ctx, intfID, onuID)
	if cmnni == nil {
		return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INTERNAL_ERROR)
	}
	dh.portStats.updateGetOnuPonCountersResponse(ctx, &singleValResp, cmnni)
	return &singleValResp

}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getRxPower(ctx context.Context, rxPowerRequest *extension.GetRxPowerRequest) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {

	Onu := oop.Onu{IntfId: rxPowerRequest.IntfId, OnuId: rxPowerRequest.OnuId}
	rxPower, err := dh.Client.GetPonRxPower(ctx, &Onu)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Errorw(ctx, "error-while-getting-rx-power", log.Fields{"Onu": Onu, "err": err})
		return generateSingleGetValueErrorResponse(err)
	}
	return &extension.SingleGetValueResponse{
		Response: &extension.GetValueResponse{
			Status: extension.GetValueResponse_OK,
			Response: &extension.GetValueResponse_RxPower{
				RxPower: &extension.GetRxPowerResponse{
					IntfId:     rxPowerRequest.IntfId,
					OnuId:      rxPowerRequest.OnuId,
					Status:     rxPower.Status,
					FailReason: rxPower.FailReason.String(),
					RxPower:    rxPower.RxPowerMeanDbm,
				},
			},
		},
	}
}

func generateSingleGetValueErrorResponse(err error) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {
	errResp := func(status extension.GetValueResponse_Status,
		reason extension.GetValueResponse_ErrorReason) *extension.SingleGetValueResponse {
		return &extension.SingleGetValueResponse{
			Response: &extension.GetValueResponse{
				Status:    status,
				ErrReason: reason,
			},
		}
	}

	if err != nil {
		if e, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
			switch e.Code() {
			case codes.Internal:
				return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INTERNAL_ERROR)
			case codes.DeadlineExceeded:
				return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_TIMEOUT)
			case codes.Unimplemented:
				return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_UNSUPPORTED)
			case codes.NotFound:
				return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_INVALID_DEVICE)
			}
		}
	}

	return errResp(extension.GetValueResponse_ERROR, extension.GetValueResponse_REASON_UNDEFINED)
}

/*
Helper functions to communicate with Core
*/

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getDeviceFromCore(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (*voltha.Device, error) {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	return cClient.GetDevice(subCtx, &common.ID{Id: deviceID})
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getChildDeviceFromCore(ctx context.Context, childDeviceFilter *ic.ChildDeviceFilter) (*voltha.Device, error) {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	return cClient.GetChildDevice(subCtx, childDeviceFilter)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updateDeviceStateInCore(ctx context.Context, deviceStateFilter *ic.DeviceStateFilter) error {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = cClient.DeviceStateUpdate(subCtx, deviceStateFilter)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getChildDevicesFromCore(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (*voltha.Devices, error) {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	return cClient.GetChildDevices(subCtx, &common.ID{Id: deviceID})
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) listDevicePortsFromCore(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (*voltha.Ports, error) {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	return cClient.ListDevicePorts(subCtx, &common.ID{Id: deviceID})
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updateDeviceInCore(ctx context.Context, device *voltha.Device) error {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = cClient.DeviceUpdate(subCtx, device)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendChildDeviceDetectedToCore(ctx context.Context, deviceDiscoveryInfo *ic.DeviceDiscovery) (*voltha.Device, error) {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	return cClient.ChildDeviceDetected(subCtx, deviceDiscoveryInfo)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendPacketToCore(ctx context.Context, pkt *ic.PacketIn) error {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = cClient.SendPacketIn(subCtx, pkt)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) createPortInCore(ctx context.Context, port *voltha.Port) error {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = cClient.PortCreated(subCtx, port)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updatePortsStateInCore(ctx context.Context, portFilter *ic.PortStateFilter) error {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = cClient.PortsStateUpdate(subCtx, portFilter)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) updatePortStateInCore(ctx context.Context, portState *ic.PortState) error {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = cClient.PortStateUpdate(subCtx, portState)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getPortFromCore(ctx context.Context, portFilter *ic.PortFilter) (*voltha.Port, error) {
	cClient, err := dh.coreClient.GetCoreServiceClient()
	if err != nil || cClient == nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	return cClient.GetDevicePort(subCtx, portFilter)
}

/*
Helper functions to communicate with child adapter
*/

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendOmciIndicationToChildAdapter(ctx context.Context, childEndpoint string, response *ic.OmciMessage) error {
	aClient, err := dh.getChildAdapterServiceClient(childEndpoint)
	if err != nil || aClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-omci-response", log.Fields{"response": response, "child-endpoint": childEndpoint})
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = aClient.OmciIndication(subCtx, response)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendOnuIndicationToChildAdapter(ctx context.Context, childEndpoint string, onuInd *ic.OnuIndicationMessage) error {
	aClient, err := dh.getChildAdapterServiceClient(childEndpoint)
	if err != nil || aClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-onu-indication", log.Fields{"onu-indication": onuInd, "child-endpoint": childEndpoint})
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = aClient.OnuIndication(subCtx, onuInd)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendDeleteTContToChildAdapter(ctx context.Context, childEndpoint string, tContInfo *ic.DeleteTcontMessage) error {
	aClient, err := dh.getChildAdapterServiceClient(childEndpoint)
	if err != nil || aClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-delete-tcont", log.Fields{"tcont": tContInfo, "child-endpoint": childEndpoint})
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = aClient.DeleteTCont(subCtx, tContInfo)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendDeleteGemPortToChildAdapter(ctx context.Context, childEndpoint string, gemPortInfo *ic.DeleteGemPortMessage) error {
	aClient, err := dh.getChildAdapterServiceClient(childEndpoint)
	if err != nil || aClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-delete-gem-port", log.Fields{"gem-port-info": gemPortInfo, "child-endpoint": childEndpoint})
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = aClient.DeleteGemPort(subCtx, gemPortInfo)
	return err
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) sendDownloadTechProfileToChildAdapter(ctx context.Context, childEndpoint string, tpDownloadInfo *ic.TechProfileDownloadMessage) error {
	aClient, err := dh.getChildAdapterServiceClient(childEndpoint)
	if err != nil || aClient == nil {
		return err
	}
	logger.Debugw(ctx, "sending-tech-profile-download", log.Fields{"tp-download-info": tpDownloadInfo, "child-endpoint": childEndpoint})
	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.Background(), ctx), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	_, err = aClient.DownloadTechProfile(subCtx, tpDownloadInfo)
	return err
}

/*
Helper functions for remote communication
*/

// TODO: Use a connection tracker such that the adapter connection is stopped when the last device that adapter
// supports is deleted
func (dh *DeviceHandler) setupChildInterAdapterClient(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) error {
	logger.Infow(ctx, "setting-child-adapter-connection", log.Fields{"child-endpoint": endpoint})

	dh.lockChildAdapterClients.Lock()
	defer dh.lockChildAdapterClients.Unlock()
	if _, ok := dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint]; ok {
		// Already set
		return nil
	}

	// Setup child's adapter grpc connection
	var err error
	if dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint], err = vgrpc.NewClient(endpoint,
		dh.onuAdapterRestarted,
		vgrpc.ActivityCheck(true)); err != nil {
		logger.Errorw(ctx, "grpc-client-not-created", log.Fields{"error": err, "endpoint": endpoint})
		return err
	}
	go dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint].Start(log.WithSpanFromContext(context.TODO(), ctx), setAndTestAdapterServiceHandler)

	// Wait until we have a connection to the child adapter.
	// Unlimited retries or until context expires
	subCtx := log.WithSpanFromContext(context.TODO(), ctx)
	backoff := vgrpc.NewBackoff(dh.cfg.MinBackoffRetryDelay, dh.cfg.MaxBackoffRetryDelay, 0)
	for {
		client, err := dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint].GetOnuInterAdapterServiceClient()
		if err == nil && client != nil {
			logger.Infow(subCtx, "connected-to-child-adapter", log.Fields{"child-endpoint": endpoint})
			break
		}
		logger.Warnw(subCtx, "connection-to-child-adapter-not-ready", log.Fields{"error": err, "child-endpoint": endpoint})
		// Backoff
		if err = backoff.Backoff(subCtx); err != nil {
			logger.Errorw(subCtx, "received-error-on-backoff", log.Fields{"error": err, "child-endpoint": endpoint})
			break
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// func (dh *DeviceHandler) getChildAdapterServiceClient(endpoint string) (adapter_services.OnuInterAdapterServiceClient, error) {
// 	dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RLock()
// 	defer dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RUnlock()
// 	if cgClient, ok := dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint]; ok {
// 		return cgClient.GetOnuInterAdapterServiceClient()
// 	}
// 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no-client-for-endpoint-%s", endpoint)
// }

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getChildAdapterServiceClient(endpoint string) (adapter_services.OnuInterAdapterServiceClient, error) {

	// First check from cache
	dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RLock()
	if cgClient, ok := dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint]; ok {
		dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RUnlock()
		return cgClient.GetOnuInterAdapterServiceClient()
	}
	dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RUnlock()

	// Set the child connection - can occur on restarts
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), dh.cfg.RPCTimeout)
	err := dh.setupChildInterAdapterClient(ctx, endpoint)
	cancel()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Get the child client now
	dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RLock()
	defer dh.lockChildAdapterClients.RUnlock()
	if cgClient, ok := dh.childAdapterClients[endpoint]; ok {
		return cgClient.GetOnuInterAdapterServiceClient()
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no-client-for-endpoint-%s", endpoint)
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) deleteAdapterClients(ctx context.Context) {
	dh.lockChildAdapterClients.Lock()
	defer dh.lockChildAdapterClients.Unlock()
	for key, client := range dh.childAdapterClients {
		client.Stop(ctx)
		delete(dh.childAdapterClients, key)
	}
}

// TODO:  Any action the adapter needs to do following a onu adapter restart?
func (dh *DeviceHandler) onuAdapterRestarted(ctx context.Context, endPoint string) error {
	logger.Warnw(ctx, "onu-adapter-reconnected", log.Fields{"endpoint": endPoint})
	return nil
}

// setAndTestAdapterServiceHandler is used to test whether the remote gRPC service is up
func setAndTestAdapterServiceHandler(ctx context.Context, conn *grpc.ClientConn) interface{} {
	svc := adapter_services.NewOnuInterAdapterServiceClient(conn)
	if h, err := svc.GetHealthStatus(ctx, &empty.Empty{}); err != nil || h.State != voltha.HealthStatus_HEALTHY {
		return nil
	}
	return svc
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) setDeviceDeletionInProgressFlag(flag bool) {
	dh.lockDevice.Lock()
	defer dh.lockDevice.Unlock()
	dh.isDeviceDeletionInProgress = flag
}

func (dh *DeviceHandler) getDeviceDeletionInProgressFlag() bool {
	dh.lockDevice.RLock()
	defer dh.lockDevice.RUnlock()
	return dh.isDeviceDeletionInProgress
}